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- ==Phrack Inc.==
- Volume One, Issue Three, Phile #9 of 10
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- @ PRIVATE @
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- @ Presents... @
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- @ \\\\\=-: Knight Lightning's ,-=///// @
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- @ "Introduction to PBXs" @
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- @ @
- @ Written on January 3, 1986 @
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-
- This file is a personal continuation of the PBX entry in the MCI
- Telecommunications Glossary.
- _______________________________________________________________________________
-
- A telephone exchange serving an individual organization and having
- connections to a public telephone exchange is called a Private Branch Exchange
- (PBX). The PBX performs a switching function by connecting any extension in
- the private organization to an outside line. A PBX is actually a private
- switch that connects a group of telephones within an individual organization.
- Calls placed outside this individual group are connected to a telephone
- company's central office switch through trunks. A PBX may be operated by an
- attendant from the private organization or the switching system may be done
- automatically. Other terms that are commonly used interchangeably with PBX
- are: Private Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX), Private Automatic Exchange
- (PAX), and Computerized Branch Exchange (CBX). Although these terms were
- originally used to identify specific switch structures, today they are often
- used as synonyms.
-
- PBXs can use any of three basic switching methods: step-by-step (SxS),
- Cross-bar (X-bar), and computer controlled, to perform the basic function of
- switching. However, in addition to detecting calls and establishing a
- transmission link between two telephones, PBXs can do much more.
-
- The common control, often called a central processing unit (CPU), controls
- the switching matrix that connects the stat ons and trunks. The switching
- matrix of a PBX performs the same job as does an operator at a manual
- switchboard or a common control central office switch. The CPU, however, gets
- its instructions from the "stored program", which contains directions for
- activities, such as detecting calls, sending them over the best available
- route, and recording billing information. These computerized electronic
- switches are used to perform routine, as well as unique, functions that simply
- weren't practical or even possible with electromechanical switches.
-
- Just as in the public switched network, PBX switches make connection between
- instruments, or "key telephone sets". We're all familiar with key telephone
- sets, whether we know them by name or not. They're the business telephones
- that have six push-button keys lined up below the dial--a red button marked
- "hold" and five buttons or lines with flashing lights.
-
- Systems with PBXs and key sets have a great deal of flexability in planning
- for their needs because they can set up their codes to accomplish the functions
- needed in their particular situations. In fact, the PBX can be programmed so
- that each individual extension within a system can take advantage of features
- applicable to its own business needs.
-
- Some of the features that are availiable with PBXs and key systems are: call
- transfer, which allows internal or external calls to be transferred from one
- telephone to any other phone in the system; automatic push-button signaling,
- which indicates the status of all phones in the system with display lights and
- buttons; one-way voice paging, which can be answered by dialing the operator
- from the nearest telephone in the system; camp-on, in which a call made to a
- busy phone automatically waits until the line is idle; and internal and
- external conference capabilities, which enables outside callers to conference
- with several inside users.
-
- Some features automatically handle incoming telephone calls. Automatic call
- waiting not only holds calls made to a busy extension until the extension is
- free, but also signals the person being called that a call is waiting and
- informs the caller that he is on hold. Automatic call forwarding will send
- calls to employees who are temporarily in locations other than their offices,
- provided they "inform" the PBX where they can be found. Automatic call
- distribution automatically send an incoming call to the first extension that's
- not busy--a useful feature for situations in which any one of a group of
- persons in the organization can adequately respond to incoming calls. Another
- example is automatic call back, which allows a caller who reaches a busy line
- to ask the PBX to return his or her call when the line is free.
-
- Still other features provide services such as night telelphone answering,
- telephone traffic monitoring, and network or hot-line connection. These
- examples are but a sample from the features possible with computerized PBXs.
-
- ===============================================================================
- This is a very brief description of how to use and what to expect on a PBX.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Basically, you call the PBX and you will have to enter a code that can be
- anywhere from 4 to 6 digits (Note: some PBXs do not require codes). Then you
- will hear a dial tone. From here you would under normal circumstances dial:
- 9 + 1 (or 0) + NPA-PRE-SUFF, for long distance dialing or dial 8 for local
- dialing.
-
- The most common use of the PBX is to call Alliance Teleconferencing,
- a teleconference service offered by AT&T. To do this dial:
- 0700-456-1000,1002,1003,2000,2001,2002.
-
- Note: PBX codes are usually very simple and usually 4 digits.
- EX: 0000, 1111, 1234, etc
- ===============================================================================
- Look for a file on Alliance Teleconferencing coming soon...
- _______________________________________________________________________________
-
- This has been a Knight Lightning presentation...
-
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