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-
-
- ==Phrack Inc.==
-
- Issue XIV, File 5 of 9
- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
- |_| |_|
- |_| Understanding the Digital Multiplexing System |_|
- |_| Part II |_|
- |_| |_|
- |_| by Control C |_|
- |_| |_|
- |_| An Advanced Telecommunications, Inc. Production |_|
- |_|_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|_|
- |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
-
-
-
- DMS switches were first introducted in 1979, since then it has been modified to
- interface numerious types of switches. DMS has the ability to interface with
- SP-1, #5 XBar, 1ESS, 2ESS, 3ESS, 4Ess, NX1D, NX1E, TSD, SXS, ETS4, NO. 1 EAC,
- NO. 2 EAX, NO. 3 EAX, TSPS, CAMA/3CL boards, Stromberg Carlson Turret of ONI
- and Visual Indicators, Modified North Electric TSD for ONI, Stomberg Carlson
- (CAMA operator Position - ONI/ANI), AE #31 Switchboard, Co-located NT/AE
- switchboard I/C, O/G, UDC data poller of OM, DACS(Directory Assistance Charging
- System), NT #144 LTD, WECO #14 LTD, WECO #16 LTD, CALRS(Centralized Automated
- Loop Reporting System), Badger 612A, AE #1 and #21 LTD, AE #30, SC #14 LTD,
- Lordel MITS70 line Test System, Porta System Line Test Unit, Pulsar II IMTS,
- Teradyne loop test unit, and the WECO MLT 1 (Mechanized Loop Testing System).
-
-
- Common Channel Interoffice Signaling
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Common Channel Interoffice Signaling (CCIS) is a way of signaling and a way of
- implementing network level services. CCIS provides reliable, crystal clear data
- signaling links between the network and the switching offices. The CCIS
- signaling meathod uses transmission equiptment that is separate from voice
- trunks.
-
-
- Common Channel Interoffice Signaling No. 6
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- The basis for the CCIS system is the intermational Consultative Committee on
- Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) No. 6 international standard, which is brought
- to it's fullest capasity for use in the Stored Program Control (SPC) network of
- AT&T.
-
- The CCIS6 network contains a bunch of signaling regions, each having a pair of
- interconnected Signal Transfer Points (STP). The switching systems put into
- CCIS6 then connecting to STPs are called Serving Offices (SO).
-
- Band Signaling (CCIS-BS) is used on trunk signaling for intertoll-type trunks
- using the CCIS network.
-
- Direct Signaling (CCIS-DS) is used for signaling between SPC switching machines
- and a Network Control Point (NCP). At the present time CCIS6 can handle
- Enhanced INWATS Originating Screening Office (OSO), Calling Card Validation
- (CCV), Mechanized Calling Card Service (MCCS), and Billed Number Screening
- (BNS). CCIS6 is avaiable with DMS-100/200, DMS-200, and DMS-100/200 or DMS-200
- with TOPS.
-
-
- CCIS6 Diagram:
- NSB ST
- ------------ - - - - - - - - - - -
- DTC | | | ------- |
- - - - DS30 | IPML | DS30 | - - - | || | |
- --------| |------|- - - - - - |------|-| |---| || | |
- Digital - - - | | | - - - | || | |
- Trunks | | | | || | |
- | | | ------- |
- | | - - - - - - -|- - - -
- DTC | | TM |
- DIG - - - DS30 | NUC | DS30 - - - -----
- --------| |------|- - - - - - |--------| |----| |
- ^ - - - |Network | - - - -----
- CCIS \ ------------ Modem
- Siganling \ |
- - - - -----
- AN Links--| | | CCC |
- - - - -----
- Channel
- Bank
-
-
-
- Acronyms:
-
- DIG - Digital
- AN - Analog
- DTC - Digital Trunk Controller
- MSB - Message Switch Buffer
- ST - Signaling Terminal
- TM - Trunk Module
- NUC - Nailed-Up Connection
- IPML - Inter-Peripheral Message Link
-
-
- Common Channel Interoffice Signaling No. 7
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Common Channel Signaling (CCS) No. 7 or CCIS7 is a CCS system bases on CCITT
- No. 7. CCIS7/CCS7 on the DMS switch consists of two parts the Message Transfer
- Part (MTP) and the Interim Telephone user Part. They are compatible with
- DMS-100, DMS-200, DMS-100/200, and DMS-100/DMS-100/200 with TOPS.
-
- CCIS7 can't tell the difference between banded and direct signaling. CCIS7
- uses Destination/Origination Point Codes (DPC/OPC) to rout back to the switch.
-
- CCIS7 can handle Automatic Calling Card Sercive (ACCS), Enhanced INWATS, Local
- Area Siganling Services, and Direct Service Dialing Capabilities.
-
-
- Equal Access
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~
- The DMS-200 Access Tandem (AT) gives a traffic concentration and distribution
- function for interLATA traffic originating and a distribution function for
- interLATA traffic origination or terminating inside a Local Access and
- Transport Area (LATA). This gives the interLATA Carrier (IC) access to more
- that one end office inside the LATA. It can handle InterLata Carrier access
- codes (10xxx), 10xxx and 950-yxxx dialing, Automatic Number Identification
- (ANI) on all calls, answer supervision, equal access Automatic Message
- Accounting (AMA) for both originating and terminating calls, and operator
- service signaling.
-
- The DMS-100 EA gives direct and tandem switched access service inside the LATA
- for originating and terminating to interLATA Carriers. It is avaiable in the
- following three ways:
-
- Equal Access End Office (EAEO)
- ------------------------------
- DMS-100 Equal Access End Office (EAEO) gives a direct interconnection to
- interLATA Carriers (IC) and international Carriers (INCs) Point of Presence
- (POP) inside the LATA.
-
- Access Tandem with Equal Access End Office
- ------------------------------------------
- The DMS-200 Access Tandem (AT) when used with equal access end office (EAEO)
- lets trunk tandem interconnect to ICs/INCs POP inside the LATA.
-
- The connection of the Equal Access End Office (EAEO) to an IC/INC through the
- DMS-200 Access Tandem (AT) uses what is called two-stage overlap output pulsing
- which makes the time it takes to set up a call quicker. The AT uses the digits
- OZZ + XXX out pulsed in the first stage to identify the IC/INC dialed and to
- pick and outgoing turnk. Then a connection is established from the IC/INC to
- the EAEO through the AT. The second stage digits, consist of ANI and the
- called numbers are passed through the DMS-200 AT at the IC/INC.
-
- A AMA terminating record in AT&T format is produced by the DMS-200 for all the
- EAEOs. A per call terminating AMA record is made for calls that get to the
- stage where the trunk from the IC/INC has been seized and a "wink" has been
- returned by the DMS- 200 AT.
-
- Access Tandem with a Non-Equal Access End Office
- ------------------------------------------------
- DMS-200 AT using a non-equal access end office gives trunk tandem connection to
- an IC/INC POP within the LATA. To set up a call, connection of Feature Group B
- (FGB) or Feature Group C (FGC) End Office to an IC/INC through the DMS-200 AT,
- uses the standard Bell Central Automatic Message Accounting (CAMA) signaling.
- The Access Tandem uses the XXX digits of the access code 950-YXXX out pulsed
- from the FGB end office to identify the IC/INC and to connect to a outgoing
- trunk.
-
-
- Mechanized Calling Card Service(MCCS)
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- The fraudulent use of calling cards, third number and collect calls and the
- increasing movement to automate current operator services has directly led to
- the implantation of the Mechanized Calling Card Service(MCCS) to DMS-200/TOPS
- and to the remote and host Operator Centralization(OC).
-
- MCCS uses CCIS to relay queries and responses to and from the DMS-200/TOPS.
- Operator handled calling card calls and the direct entry by subscribers of
- Calling Cards by DTMF(Touch-Tones) telephones are given special provisions by
- the MCCS. Both, the operator handling and the direct entry of calling card
- calls, are decreasing the size of the operators.
-
- Billed Number Screening(BNS) gives an enhancement to the operator-handled
- collect and third-number billing by using CCIS to screen a number at the
- billing validation data base for billing restrictions(i.e. the third number is
- a fortress). This feature naturally will reduce fraudulent use of the collect
- call feature.
-
- Common Channel Interoffice Signalling-Direct Signalling(CCIS-DS), which is the
- feature that the MCCS is designed around, is used to transmit messages to and
- from many possible Billing Validation Centers(BVCs). Messages transmitted to
- the BVC about MCCS include the billing number and the Personal Identification
- Number(PIN). In BNS the messages have the special billing number(collect or
- third number). The return messages from the BVC include validity(of the
- number), billing restrictions(if any), and the Revenue Accounting Office(RAO)
- code.
-
-
- Auxiliary Operator Services System
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- The DMS-200 Auxiliary Operator Services System(AOSS) is used primarily for
- Directory Assistance and the intercept needs that are not included in the TOPS
- package. The AOSS is similiar to TOPS and co-exist with TOPS on the DMS-200
- Toll system.
-
- Major benifits of the AOSS include Directory Assistance is provided with a
- modern enviroment, AOSS position administrative activities are performed by the
- DMS-200 toll maintenance system, Trunking savings are achieved by combining
- trunking for 1+ and 0+, and Directory Assistance traffic, DA services are
- managed by using TOPS methods, Creation of a built-in training system, which
- does not require additional training equipment and reduces training costs.
-
-
- Intergrated Buisness Network
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- The Intergrated Buisness Network(IBN) is a revenue-producing concept designed
- for small and big buisnesses to offer modernized PBX and Centrex features. The
- Operating Company can use the IBN to maintain and enhance its competitive
- psoition on a operational DMS-100 and DMS 100/200 switches. While using the
- DMS-100 switch, the Operating Company can support varying buisness features
- along with existing local/toll traffic.
-
- IBN services can be introduced to a centrex-Central Office(CO) or a
- centrex-Customer Unit(CU) by additional software modules and minor hardware
- enhancements.
-
- Current IBN features include: A growing system that can handle 30,000 lines,
- networking capibilities, city wide service for DMS-100 switch and remotes for
- any one customer Station Message Detail Recording(SMDR), which gives IBN
- customers call records. The records can be used for system analysis and control
- and station charge-back. SMDR can use LAMA records, if the IBN host has LAMA
- equipment, Centralized attendant maintenance and administration functions and
- Direct Inward Dialing(DID).
-
-
- Electronic Switched Network(ESN)
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- The Electronic Switched Network is designed to meet the telecommunication needs
- of large multi-location corporations. The ESN is made up of a SL-1 or SL-100
- Digital Buisness Communications System with networking features or a DMS-100
- IBN host. The SL-1 can handle from 30-5000 lines. The SL-100 and the DMS-100
- IBN hosts can hold from a few thousands to 30,000 lines.
-
- A DMS-100 IBN or SL-100 can remotely serve many locations from the host site.
- This is done by a connection through digital transmission facilities which are
- set up at remote modules at the subscriber's premises.
-
- Here are some diagrams showing the differences between normal private
- telecommunications etworks and ESN networks.
-
- Normal telecommunications network
- =================================
-
- ----- ------
- [Phone]--| SnS | | SL-1 |-[Phone]
- | PBX | | PBX |
- ----- ------
- | |DOD/DID DOD/DID| |
- | ------- ------- |
- |Tie | | Tie|
- |Trunk --------- Trunk|
- ------| Class-5 |------
- ----| Centrex |----
- | --------- |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- ----- Tie Trunk ---------
- | SnS | ----------| Class-5 |
- | PBX | | Centrex |
- ----- ---------
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- ------- ------
- [Phone]-| Small | | SL-1 |-[Phone]
- | PBX | | |
- ------- ------
-
-
- ESN Network
- ===========
- -------- ----------
- [phone]--| Remote | | SL-1 PBX |--[phone]
- | Module | | ESN Main |
- -------- ----------
- | |
- | DS-1 Facility | DS-1 Facility
- | -------------- |
- --------> | Local Class 5| <---------
- [phone]---------| DMS-100 |
- ----| IBN/ESN |-------------
- 2W Loop MFIDP | -------------- | ESN Trunk Group
- or DS-1 | | | or DS-1
- | ----- ---------------
- | | CSC | | Local Class 5 |
- -------- ----- | DMS-100 |
- | SL-100 | <--- DS-1 ----> | IBN/ESN |
- -------- Facility ---------------
- | |
- | |
- | DS-1 Facility | DS-1 Facility
- | |
- -------- ----------
- [phone]--| Remote | | SL-1 PBX |--[phone]
- | Module | | ESN Main |
- -------- ----------
-
-
-
-
- Specialized Common Carrier Serice(SCCS)
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- The DMS-250 Specialized Common Carrier Service(SCCS) provides the capibility of
- Analog to Digital (A/D) and Digital to Analog(D/A) conversions which are
- necessary with analog circuts. The DMS-250 can also switch voice and data
- circuts.
-
- The DMS-250 takes either analog or digitally encoded info and by using time
- slot interchange, switches it from any input port to a temporary addressed and
- connected exit port. The info may or may not be converted back to analog.
-
- Cellular Mobile Radio Service
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- A cellular system consists of two main parts a cellular switch and cell site
- equipment.
-
-
- Cellular Switching Systems
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- A cellular switch performs three main functions audio switching, cell site
- control, and system administration.
-
- The DMS switches provide three basic implementations for cellular switching
- Stand-alone, Combined, and Remote.
-
- Stand-alone switching is done by a Mobile Telephone Exchange(MTX) which is
- interfaced with one or more class 5 end offices. The connection is made by
- DID/DOD trunks. Depending on the needs of the area, the MTX can be divided as
- follows: MTX which serves urban areas, MTXC which handles suburban areas, and
- MTXM which is used for rural areas.
-
- Combined switching is incorporated into a DMS-100 by some hardware additions
- and cellular software. Combined switching is designed to give a easy,
- cost-effective way to install cellular services to an existing host.
-
- Remote Switching is done by combining Remote Switching Center(RSC) with a Cell
- Site Controller(CSC). This combination is hosted by either a stand-alone or a
- combined switch. Remote Switching is designed for serving suburban centers,
- remote areas, or a small community and it gives extra flexibility for a growing
- system.
-
- All of these cellular switches have the ability to balance the workload among
- various cell sites. For example, if one site's workload reaches the
- programmable level of congestion, calls would be routed to nearby sites that
- can handle the extra calls.
-
-
- Cell Site Equipment
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Cell site equipment consists of a CSC and radio equipment. The CSC is
- controlled by the cellular switch and it controls radio equipment and
- maintenance tasks. The CSC will work on any MTX cellular switch because of the
- Remote Cluster Controller(RCC).
-
- The radio equipment consists of self-contained Radio Channel Units(RCU),
- antennas, transmitter multi-couplers and reciever combiners.
-
- By different program software a RCU can perform voice, control locating, and
- test functions. The self contained nature allows the RCU be remotely located
- to the CSC. A RCU has built-in circuitry for extended testing of the radio
- part of the system.
-
-
- Control C
-
- <End of File>
- <May 1987>
- _______________________________________________________________________________
-
-
-