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- Phile 1.3 of 1.14
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- ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER SYSTEMS
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- WRITTEN BY: THE LINE BREAKER & CODE CRACKER
-
-
- As a respond from The Master Hacker we have written this g-phile
- for those of you are either new or have no knowledge of carding.
- This is a 5-part g-phile covering all areas of using a credit
- card for carding. Part 1 is mainly a explaintion of how credit
- cards go through clearing houses and to the customers statement.
-
-
- ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER SYSTEMS
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-
-
- EFTS can broadly be described as computer data collection and
- relecommunication
- techniques that electronically transport information about the movement of
- funds between accounts managed by financial institutions.
-
- THE IMPETUS FOR EFT SERVICES
- ---------------------------->
-
- With the adoption of the MICR (Magnetic Ink Character recognition) stand in
- I Think about 1959, the banking industry took the first step toward
- facilitating computerized handling of the growing number of checks used
- in America. By the 70's paper check processing had reached a level where
- more than 37 billion individual pieces of paper moved through the banking
- system annually. In 1983 at the present rate of growth, it was anticipated
- that this number would reach 55 billion.
-
- Two general approaches are being follwoed in an effort to reduce the
- burden of check processing: the elimination of or supplant of check
- transactions by electronic messages and the reduction of the physical
- transport of paper.
-
- REPLACEMENT OF CHECK TRANSACTIONS BY ELECTRONIC MESSAGES
- -------------------------------------------------------->
-
- Examples are the installation of automated teller machines (ATMs) by
- financial institutions to provide on-line computerized banking
- services, the development of automated clearinghouse services (such
- as checkless payroll deposits) and telephone bill-paying services
- which allow customers to enter bill paying information directly in
- electronic form to a bank's computer through Touchtone telephones.
-
- Automated teller machines are unattended computer terminal-type devices
- that offer most of the services avaiable from a teller. They
- are actived by a customer through the combined use of a plastic card
- with a magnetic strip bearing machine readable account
- information, and a special secret number known only by the
- customer (termed a PIN or personal Identification number).
- Among the services offered through these machines are cash
- withdrawls, transfers of funds between accounts, and account
- balance inquiry. Although early development of these machines
- was restricted to providing off-line cash despensing, almost all
- new ATM installations are on-line to the financial institution's
- account database.
-
- Automated clearinghouses (ACHs) are regional computer centers
- fun for the most part by the federal reserve system and
- concentrating thier activities on the processing of
- pre-authorized electronic deposits or withdrawls from checking
- accounts maintained by financial institutions.
-
- Typical volume in the early 80's was over 11 million electronic
- items per month submitted to the ACHs primarily on magnetic tape
- for sorting and redistribution. The predominant types of
- electronic items processed by the 32 ACHs were military payroll
- and social security electronic deposits. Other types of
- transactions include withdrawl of funds to pay bills
- pre-authorized by the customer for payment. Electronic deposits
- or withdrawls destined for a F.I. not served by a specific
- regional ACH are transmitted via telecommunications links to the
- appropriate regional ACH for local redistribution.
-
- Bill paying by telephone is another popular EFT service designed
- to elimate paper check mailing and processing. In its most
- basic form, the service involves customer-direct input by a
- touchtone telephone to a computer of the data necessaty to
- generate electronic withdrawls from a account maintained by the
- cusotmer and an electronic deposit to an account maintained by
- the billing company. Deposits destined for a company that does
- not maintain an account with the customer's bank can be routed
- through the local ACH for delivery to an appropriate bank.
-
-
- REDUCTION OF PAPER FLOW
- ----------------------->
-
- Truncation of the physical transport of paper bearing
- instructions for the movement of funds between accounts is
- another EFT application. For example, efforts to truncate the
- flow of checks through the use of image processing techniques
- are under development. The thrust of this effort is to create
- electronic images of checks at the point of first deposit and to
- transmit only these images to the customer or customers's bank.
-
- The national credit card clearing and settlement system are
- other examples of such truncation systems. When a customer uses
- Visa or Mastercard to make a purchase, he or she normally is not
- dealing with a merchant who has an account with the financial
- institution that has issued the card. As a result, the evidence
- of the completed sale in the past was physically forwarded to
- the merchant's contracting bank for credit to the merchant's
- account and then on to the card-issuing banl for posting to the
- customer's statement. In 1978, national systems were installed
- by the two competing bankcard organizations which truncated the
- flow of this paper at the merchant's bank of deposit and
- forwared only an electronic message to the card issurer for
- posting to the cardholders statement. These systems were later
- expanded to include worldwide bankcard sales. The system that
- supports this electronic transmission fpr Visa cards processed
- over 60 million customer purchases per month during the latter
- part of 1985, or approximately 60% of all Visa card sales worldwide.
- The Visa system transmits this sales data overnight in a form
- which can be directly posted to a customer's descriptive billing
- statement through a network linking together 250 Visa bank
- processing centers in Europe, Canada, and the U.S. Magnetic
- tapes are sent to the balance of Visa banks operating in more
- than 125 countries throughout the rest of the world.
- As a result of the implemention of these two systems, both
- national systems have uniformly adopted cardholder billing
- statements which simply list a description of the sale without
- including a copy of the sales receipt.
- telephone numbers and password format. Gaining access to the
- ACH will give to all the information about credit cards needed.
- >From Person names to expiration dates to issuing banks. We hope
- you have found this article intresting.
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