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- EFFector Online Volume 08 No. 13 July 21, 1995 editors@eff.org
- A Publication of the Electronic Frontier Foundation ISSN 1062-9424
-
- IN THIS ISSUE:
-
- ALERT: Act Now to Oppose Comm. Decency Act in House Telecom Bill
- The Latest News
- What You Can Do Now
- Chronology of the CDA
- For More Information
- List Of Participating Organizations
- List of the House of Representatives
- EFF Analysis of the "Anti-Electronic Racketeering Act of 1995" (S.974)
- Sen. Grassley's Statement to the Senate on S.974
- The Anti-Electronic Racketeering Act of 1995, Senate Bill S.974
- EFF and Others Thank 16 Senators for Voting Against the CDA
- Calendar of Events (major update)
- Quote of the Day
- What YOU Can Do
- Administrivia
-
- * See http://www.eff.org/Alerts/ or ftp.eff.org, /pub/Alerts/ for more
- information on current EFF activities and online activism alerts! *
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- Subject: ALERT: Act Now to Oppose Comm. Decency Act in House Telecom Bill
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- CAMPAIGN TO STOP THE EXON/COATS COMMUNICATIONS DECENCY ACT
- (SEE THE LIST OF CAMPAIGN COALITION MEMBERS AT THE END)
-
- Update: -Latest News: House will vote on net censorship in July
- -What You Can Do Now
- -Find out your Representative's position
- You have a right to know!
-
- CAMPAIGN TO STOP THE UNCONSTITUTIONAL COMMUNICATIONS DECENCY ACT
- July 14, 1995
-
- PLEASE WIDELY REDISTRIBUTE THIS DOCUMENT WITH THIS BANNER INTACT
- REDISTRIBUTE ONLY UNTIL August 1, 1995
- REPRODUCE THIS ALERT ONLY IN RELEVANT FORUMS
-
- Distributed by the Voters Telecommunications Watch (vtw@vtw.org)
-
- ________________________________________________________________________
-
- CONTENTS
- The Latest News
- What You Can Do Now
- Chronology of the CDA
- For More Information
- List Of Participating Organizations
- List of the House of Representatives
-
- ________________________________________________________________________
-
- THE LATEST NEWS
-
- In the House, the Comm. Decency Act is not a part of the fast-moving
- Telecommunications Reform Bill, *yet*. Althouth the Leahy/Klink alternative
- is currently part of the telecomm bill, supporters of the Exon bill have
- pledged to *remove* the Leahy/Klink bill and insert the Communications
- Decency Act in its place.
-
- We need to gear up to oppose the Communications Decency Act in the
- House AND TAKE A COUNT OF OUR REPRESENTATIVES POSITIONS ON THIS
- CRITICAL ISSUE.
-
- The Leahy/Klink study would direct the Department of Justice (DOJ) to
- determine whether current obscenity laws apply to the Internet and if
- law enforcement can use them to prosecute people trafficking in obscene
- material or child pornography. (Trafficking in obscene material and
- child pornography are not protected by the US Constitution.)
-
- Of course, the answer to these questions is yes, and the DOJ said as
- much in a letter to Senator Leahy on May 3, 1995 to Sen. Leahy (D-VT).
-
- Currently, Representatives Cox and Wyden have introduced a bill (HR
- 1978, the Internet Freedom and Family Empowerment Act) that would
- remove disincentives to implementing parental control of online content
- and *prohibit* the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from
- regulating expression on the Internet.
-
- Although many are concerned that this bill is not "all there", many
- civil liberties organizations (ACLU, CDT, EFF, EPIC, & PFAW to name a
- few) are contributing their legal and net-expertise to examining the
- bill and making sure it does the right thing.
-
- ________________________________________________________________________
-
- WHAT YOU CAN DO NOW
-
- 1. Familiarize yourself with the Communications Decency Act FAQ,
- available either by World Wide Web at
- (URL:http://www.panix.com/vtw/exon), gopher at gopher.panix.com, or
- via email by sending mail to vtw@vtw.org with "send cdafaq" in the
- SUBJECT line. (not the body of the message)
-
- 2. Call your Representative (there is a list attached below) and ask them
- these questions. The aim here is to get his or her take on net
- censorship. Here's the way a sample conversation might take place:
-
- First, figure out who your Rep is. (see the list of phone numbers below)
- (Y=You, S=Rep's Staffer)
-
- <ring ring>
- S:Rep. Snodgrass's office, may I help you?
-
- Y:Hi, I'm a constituent and I'd like to know what Mr. Snodgrass's
- position is on the issue of objectionable material on online
- networks such as the Internet.
-
- Does Mr. Snodgrass favor parental control over what kids see or
- governmental censorship?
-
- S:Let me transfer you to the staffer that handles that, hold
- <hold>
- S:Hi, this is Jane Jingle. May I help you?
- Y: <repeat above question>
-
- You'll probably get one of three answers, either:
-
- S:I believe that parents should have control over the information
- their children see, not government regulators.
- Y:Thanks. As a user of computer networks and a constituent, I
- agree with Mr. Snodgrass and hope he will vote this way when
- the relevant bills come to the floor.
-
- or
- S:Mr. Snodgrass doesn't have an opinion on this issue yet.
- Y:Thanks. As a user of computer networks and a constituent, I
- support parental control instead of government censorship. I
- hope Mr. Snodgrass will vote this way when the relevant bills
- come to the floor.
-
- or, finally,
-
- S:Mr. Snodgrass believes that porn on the net should be made
- illegal because it's a really big problem.
-
- Y:As a user of computer networks and constituent, I support
- parental control instead of government censorship. I hope
- Mr. Snodgrass is aware that trafficking in obscene material
- is already illegal for online systems.
-
- I also hope that Mr. Snodgrass is aware that there are a
- number of technologies already on the market that allow
- parents to control content on computer networks. I strongly
- believe that Mr. Snodgrass and Congress shold trust parents
- to make these choices.
-
-
- Take the response you get and mail it to vtw@vtw.org. We'll be
- totalling up the responses and using them to help coordinate the
- pressure before a House vote. Whether you are happy or unhappy with
- your legislator's response, we strongly encourage you to also post
- it and discuss it in your local geographical newsgroups. Educate
- your fellow voters!
-
- 3. Encourage your bulletin board system or Internet service provider to
- reproduce the following short alert either in their Message Of The Day
- or in a quick bulletin to the other users.
-
- 7/12/95: The Communications Decency Act (CDA) is in the House and
- discussion is heating up. Volunteers are needed to call their
- Representatives and get their rep's positions on net censorship.
- To get more info, send mail to vtw@vtw.org with "send alert" in
- the subject line, gopher -p 1/vtw/exon/alert gopher.panix.com, or
- URL:gopher://gopher.panix.com:70/00/vtw/exon/alert
-
- 4. Congratulate yourself! You've not only told your rep what you think,
- but you've also helped the Coalition learn more about where your rep
- stands on this issue!
-
- ________________________________________________________________________
-
- CHRONOLOGY OF THE COMMUNICATIONS DECENCY ACT
-
- No more actions have been scheduled as of July 12, 1995.
-
- Jun 30, '95 Cox and Wyden introduce the "Internet Freedom and Family
- Empowerment Act" (HR 1978) as an alternative to the CDA.
- Jun 21, '95 Several prominent House members publicly announce their
- opposition to the CDA, including Rep. Newt Gingrich (R-GA),
- Rep. Chris Cox (R-CA), and Rep. Ron Wyden (D-OR).
- Jun 14, '95 The Senate passes the CDA as attached to the Telecomm
- reform bill (S 652) by a vote of 84-16. The Leahy bill
- (S 714) is not passed.
- May 24, '95 The House Telecomm Reform bill (HR 1555) leaves committee
- in the House with the Leahy alternative attached to it,
- thanks to Rep. Ron Klink of (D-PA). The Communications
- Decency Act is not attached to it.
- Apr 7, '95 Sen. Leahy (D-VT) introduces S.714, an alternative to
- the Exon/Gorton bill, which commissions the Dept. of
- Justice to study the problem to see if additional legislation
- (such as the CDA) is necessary.
- Mar 23, '95 S314 amended and attached to the telecommunications reform
- bill by Sen. Gorton (R-WA). Language provides some provider
- protection, but continues to infringe upon email privacy
- and free speech.
- Feb 21, '95 HR1004 referred to the House Commerce and Judiciary committees
- Feb 21, '95 HR1004 introduced by Rep. Johnson (D-SD)
- Feb 1, '95 S314 referred to the Senate Commerce committee
- Feb 1, '95 S314 introduced by Sen. Exon (D-NE) and Gorton (R-WA).
-
- ________________________________________________________________________
-
- FOR MORE INFORMATION
-
- Web Sites
- URL:http://www.panix.com/vtw/exon/
- URL:http://epic.org/
- URL:http://www.eff.org/pub/Alerts/
- URL:http://www.cdt.org/cda.html
- URL:http://outpost.callnet.com/outpost.html
-
- FTP Archives
- URL:ftp://ftp.cdt.org/pub/cdt/policy/freespeech/00-INDEX.FREESPEECH
- URL:ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/Alerts/
-
- Gopher Archives:
- URL:gopher://gopher.panix.com/11/vtw/exon
- URL:gopher://gopher.eff.org/11/Alerts
-
- Email:
- vtw@vtw.org (put "send alert" in the subject line for the latest
- alert, or "send cdafaq" for the CDA FAQ)
- cda-info@cdt.org (General CDA information)
- cda-stat@cdt.org (Current status of the CDA)
-
- ________________________________________________________________________
-
- LIST OF PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS
-
- In order to use the net more effectively, several organizations have
- joined forces on a single Congressional net campaign to stop the
- Communications Decency Act.
-
-
- American Civil Liberties Union * American Communication Association *
- American Council for the Arts * Arts & Technology Society * Association
- of Alternative Newsweeklies * biancaTroll productions * Californians
- Against Censorship Together * Center For Democracy And Technology *
- Centre for Democratic Communications * Center for Public Representation
- * Citizen's Voice - New Zealand * Cloud 9 Internet *Computer
- Communicators Association * Computel Network Services * Computer
- Professionals for Social Responsibility * Cross Connection *
- Cyber-Rights Campaign * CyberQueer Lounge * Dutch Digital Citizens'
- Movement * ECHO Communications Group, Inc. * Electronic Frontier Canada
- * Electronic Frontier Foundation * Electronic Frontier Foundation -
- Austin * Electronic Frontiers Australia * Electronic Frontiers Houston
- * Electronic Frontiers New Hampshire * Electronic Privacy Information
- Center * Feminists For Free Expression * First Amendment Teach-In *
- Florida Coalition Against Censorship * FranceCom, Inc. Web Advertising
- Services * Friendly Anti-Censorship Taskforce for Students * Hands
- Off! The Net * Human Rights Watch * Inland Book Company * Inner Circle
- Technologies, Inc. * Inst. for Global Communications * Internet
- On-Ramp, Inc. * Joint Artists' and Music Promotions Political Action
- Committee * The Libertarian Party * Marijuana Policy Project *
- Metropolitan Data Networks Ltd. * MindVox * National Bicycle Greenway *
- National Campaign for Freedom of Expression * National Coalition
- Against Censorship * National Gay and Lesbian Task Force * National
- Public Telecomputing Network * National Writers Union * Oregon Coast
- RISC * Panix Public Access Internet * People for the American Way *
- Republican Liberty Caucus * Rock Out Censorship * Society for
- Electronic Access * The Thing International BBS Network * The WELL *
- Voters Telecommunications Watch
-
- (Note: All 'Electronic Frontier' organizations are independent entities,
- not EFF chapters or divisions.)
-
- ________________________________________________________________________
-
- LIST OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
-
- # D ST Name (Party) Phone Fax
-
- 0 AK Young, Don (R) 1-202-225-5765 1-202-225-5765
- 1 AL Callahan, H. L. (R) 1-202-225-4931 1-202-225-0562
- 2 AL Everett, Terry (R) 1-202-225-2901 na
- 3 AL Browder, Glen (D) 1-202-225-3261 1-202-225-9020
- 4 AL Bevill, Thomas (D) 1-202-225-4876 1-202-225-0842
- 5 AL Cramer Jr, Robert E. (D) 1-202-225-4801 1-202-225-4392
- 6 AL Bachus, Spencer (R) 1-202-225-4921 1-202-225-2082
- 7 AL Hilliard, Earl F. (D) 1-202-225-2665 1-202-226-0772
- AQ Faleomavaega, Eni F.H. (D) 1-202-225-8577 1-202-225-8757
- 1 AR Lambert-Lincoln, Blanche (D) 1-202-225-4076 1-202-225-4654
- 2 AR Thornton, Raymond (D) 1-202-225-2506 1-202-225-9273
- 3 AR Hutchinson, Tim (R) 1-202-225-4301 1-202-226-1163
- 4 AR Dickey, Jay (R) 1-202-225-3772 1-202-225-8646
- 1 AZ Salmon, Matthew (R) 1-202-225-2635 1-202-225-3405
- 2 AZ Pastor, Ed (D) 1-202-225-4065
- 3 AZ Stump, Robert (R) 1-202-225-4576 1-202-225-6328
- 4 AZ Shadegg, John (R) 1-202-225-3361 1-202-225-3462
- 5 AZ Kolbe, James T. (R) 1-202-225-2542 1-202-225-0378
- 6 AZ Hayworth, John (R) 1-202-225-2190 1-202-225-8819
- 1 CA Riggs, Frank (R) 1-202-225-3311 1-202-225-7710
- 2 CA Herger, Walter W. (R) 1-202-225-3076 1-202-225-1609
- 3 CA Fazio, Vic (D) 1-202-225-5716 1-202-225-0354
- 4 CA Doolittle, John T. (R) 1-202-225-2511 1-202-225-5444
- 5 CA Matsui, Robert T. (D) 1-202-225-7163 1-202-225-0566
- 6 CA Woolsey, Lynn (D) 1-202-225-5161 1-202-225-5163
- 7 CA Miller, George (D) 1-202-225-2095 1-202-225-5609
- 8 CA Pelosi, Nancy (D) 1-202-225-4965 1-202-225-8259
- 9 CA Dellums, Ronald V. (D) 1-202-225-2661 1-202-225-9817
- 10 CA Baker, Bill (R) 1-202-225-1880 1-202-225-2150
- 11 CA Pombo, Richard (R) 1-202-225-1947 1-202-226-0861
- 12 CA Lantos, Thomas (D) 1-202-225-3531 1-202-225-3127
- 13 CA Stark, Pete (D) 1-202-225-5065 na
- 14 CA Eshoo, Anna G. (D) 1-202-225-8104 1-202-225-8890
- 15 CA Mineta, Norman Y. (D) 1-202-225-2631 na
- 16 CA Lofgren, Zoe (D) 1-202-225-3072 1-202-225-9460
- 17 CA Farr, Sam (D) 1-202-225-2861
- 18 CA Condit, Gary (D) 1-202-225-6131 1-202-225-0819
- 19 CA Radanovich, George (R) 1-202-225-4540 1-202-225-0399
- 20 CA Dooley, Calvin M. (D) 1-202-225-3341 1-202-225-9308
- 21 CA Thomas, Bill (R) 1-202-225-2915 1-202-225-8798
- 22 CA Seastrand, Andrea (R) 1-202-225-3601 1-202-226-1015
- 23 CA Gallegly, Elton (R) 1-202-225-5811 1-202-225-1100
- 24 CA Beilenson, Anthony (D) 1-202-225-5911 na
- 25 CA McKeon, Howard P. (R) 1-202-225-1956 1-202-226-0683
- 26 CA Berman, Howard L. (D) 1-202-225-4695 1-202-225-5279
- 27 CA Moorhead, Carlos J. (R) 1-202-225-4176 1-202-226-1279
- 28 CA Dreier, David (R) 1-202-225-2305 1-202-225-4745
- 29 CA Waxman, Henry A. (D) 1-202-225-3976 1-202-225-4099
- 30 CA Becerra, Xavier (D) 1-202-225-6235 1-202-225-2202
- 31 CA Martinez, Matthew G. (D) 1-202-225-5464 1-202-225-4467
- 32 CA Dixon, Julian C. (D) 1-202-225-7084 1-202-225-4091
- 33 CA Roybal-Allard, Lucille (D) 1-202-225-1766 1-202-226-0350
- 34 CA Torres, Esteban E. (D) 1-202-225-5256 1-202-225-9711
- 35 CA Waters, Maxine (D) 1-202-225-2201 1-202-225-7854
- 36 CA Harman, Jane (D) 1-202-225-8220 1-202-226-0684
- 37 CA Tucker III, Walter R. (D) 1-202-225-7924 1-202-225-7926
- 38 CA Horn, Steve (R) 1-202-225-6676 1-202-226-1012
- 39 CA Royce, Ed (R) 1-202-225-4111 1-202-226-0335
- 40 CA Lewis, Jerry (R) 1-202-225-5861 1-202-225-6498
- 41 CA Kim, Jay C. (R) 1-202-225-3201 1-202-226-1485
- 42 CA Brown Jr., George E. (D) 1-202-225-6161 1-202-225-8671
- 43 CA Calvert, Ken (R) 1-202-225-1986 na
- 44 CA Bono, Sonny (R) 1-202-225-5330 1-202-226-1040
- 45 CA Rohrabacher, Dana (R) 1-202-225-2415 1-202-225-7067
- 46 CA Dornan, Robert K. (R) 1-202-225-2965 1-202-225-3694
- 47 CA Cox, Christopher (R) 1-202-225-5611 1-202-225-9177
- 48 CA Packard, Ronald (R) 1-202-225-3906 1-202-225-0134
- 49 CA Bilbray, Brian (R) 1-202-225-2040 1-202-225-2042
- 50 CA Filner, Bob (D) 1-202-225-8045 1-202-225-9073
- 51 CA Cunningham, Randy (R) 1-202-225-5452 1-202-225-2558
- 52 CA Hunter, Duncan L. (R) 1-202-225-5672 1-202-225-0235
- 1 CO Schroeder, Patricia (D) 1-202-225-4431 1-202-225-5842
- 2 CO Skaggs, David E. (D) 1-202-225-2161 1-202-225-9127
- 3 CO McInnis, Scott (R) 1-202-225-4761 1-202-226-0622
- 4 CO Allard, Wayne (R) 1-202-225-4676 1-202-225-8630
- 5 CO Hefley, Joel (R) 1-202-225-4422 1-202-225-1942
- 6 CO Schaefer, Daniel (R) 1-202-225-7882 1-202-225-7885
- 1 CT Kennelly, Barbara B. (D) 1-202-225-2265 1-202-225-1031
- 2 CT Gejdenson, Samuel (D) 1-202-225-2076 1-202-225-4977
- 3 CT DeLauro, Rosa (D) 1-202-225-3661 1-202-225-4890
- 4 CT Shays, Christopher (R) 1-202-225-5541 1-202-225-9629
- 5 CT Franks, Gary (R) 1-202-225-3822 1-202-225-5085
- 6 CT Johnson, Nancy L. (R) 1-202-225-4476 1-202-225-4488
- DC Norton, Eleanor Holmes (D) 1-202-225-8050 1-202-225-3002
- DE Castle, Michael N. (R) 1-202-225-4165 1-202-225-2291
- 1 FL Scarborough, Joe (R) 1-202-225-4136 1-202-225-5785
- 2 FL Peterson, Peter (D) 1-202-225-5235 1-202-225-1586
- 3 FL Brown, Corrine (D) 1-202-225-0123 1-202-225-2256
- 4 FL Fowler, Tillie (R) 1-202-225-2501 1-202-225-9318
- 5 FL Thurman, Karen (D) 1-202-225-1002 1-202-226-0329
- 6 FL Stearns, Clifford B. (R) 1-202-225-5744 1-202-225-3973
- 7 FL Mica, John L. (R) 1-202-225-4035 1-202-226-0821
- 8 FL McCollum, William (R) 1-202-225-2176 1-202-225-0999
- 9 FL Bilirakis, Michael (R) 1-202-225-5755 1-202-225-4085
- 10 FL Young, C. W. (R) 1-202-225-5961 1-202-225-9764
- 11 FL Gibbons, Samuel M. (D) 1-202-225-3376 na
- 12 FL Canady, Charles T. (R) 1-202-225-1252 1-202-225-2279
- 13 FL Miller, Dan (R) 1-202-225-5015 1-202-226-0828
- 14 FL Goss, Porter J. (R) 1-202-225-2536 1-202-225-6820
- 15 FL Weldon, Dave (R) 1-202-225-3671 1-202-225-9039]
- 16 FL Foley, Mark (R) 1-202-225-5792 na
- 17 FL Meek, Carrie (D) 1-202-225-4506 1-202-226-0777
- 18 FL Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana (R) 1-202-225-3931 1-202-225-5620
- 19 FL Johnston II, Harry (D) 1-202-225-3001 1-202-225-8791
- 20 FL Deutsch, Peter (D) 1-202-225-7931 1-202-225-8456
- 21 FL Diaz-Balart, Lincoln (R) 1-202-225-4211 1-202-225-8576
- 22 FL Shaw Jr., E. C. (R) 1-202-225-3026 1-202-225-8398
- 23 FL Hastings, Alcee L. (D) 1-202-225-1313 1-202-225-0690
- 1 GA Kingston, Jack (R) 1-202-225-5831 1-202-226-2269
- 2 GA Bishop, Sanford (D) 1-202-225-3631 1-202-225-2203
- 3 GA Collins, Mac (R) 1-202-225-5901 1-202-225-2515
- 4 GA Linder, John (R) 1-202-225-4272 1-202-225-4696
- 5 GA Lewis, John (D) 1-202-225-3801 1-202-225-0351
- 6 GA Gingrich, Newt (R) 1-202-225-4501 1-202-225-4656
- 7 GA Barr, Bob (R) 1-202-225-2931
- 8 GA Chambliss, Saxby 1-202-225-6531 1-202-225-7719
- 9 GA Deal, Nathan (D) 1-202-225-5211 1-202-225-8272
- 10 GA Norwood, Charles (R) 1-202-225-4101 1-202-226-1466
- 11 GA McKinney, Cynthia (D) 1-202-225-1605 1-202-226-0691
- GU Underwood, Robert A. (D) 1-202-225-1188 1-202-226-0341
- 1 HI Abercrombie, Neil (D) 1-202-225-2726 1-202-225-4580
- 2 HI Mink, Patsy T. (D) 1-202-225-4906 1-202-225-4987
- 1 IA Leach, James (R) 1-202-225-6576 1-202-226-1278
- 2 IA Nussle, James Allen (R) 1-202-225-2911 1-202-225-9129
- 3 IA Lightfoot, James R. (R) 1-202-225-3806 1-202-225-6973
- 4 IA Ganske, Greg (R) 1-202-225-4426
- 5 IA Latham, Tom (R) 1-202-225-5476 1-202-225-6929
- 1 ID Chenoweth, Helen 1-202-225-6611 1-202-226-1213
- 2 ID Crapo, Michael D. (R) 1-202-225-5531 1-202-225-8216
- 1 IL Rush, Bobby L. (D) 1-202-225-4372 1-202-226-0333
- 2 IL Reynolds, Mel (D) 1-202-225-0773 1-202-225-0774
- 3 IL Lipinski, William O. (D) 1-202-225-5701 1-202-225-1012
- 4 IL Gutierrez, Luis V. (D) 1-202-225-8203 1-202-225-7810
- 5 IL Flanagan, Michael (R) 1-202-225-4061
- 6 IL Hyde, Henry J. (R) 1-202-225-4561 1-202-226-1240
- 7 IL Collins, Cardiss (D) 1-202-225-5006 1-202-225-8396
- 8 IL Crane, Philip M. (R) 1-202-225-3711 1-202-225-7830
- 9 IL Yates, Sidney R. (D) 1-202-225-2111 1-202-225-3493
- 10 IL Porter, John E. (R) 1-202-225-4835 1-202-225-0157
- 11 IL Weller, Gerald (R) 1-202-225-3635 1-202-225-4447
- 12 IL Costello, Jerry F. (D) 1-202-225-5661 1-202-225-0285
- 13 IL Fawell, Harris W. (R) 1-202-225-3515 1-202-225-9420
- 14 IL Hastert, J. D. (R) 1-202-225-2976 1-202-225-0697
- 15 IL Ewing, Thomas (R) 1-202-225-2371 1-202-225-8071
- 16 IL Manzullo, Donald (R) 1-202-225-5676 1-202-225-5284
- 17 IL Evans, Lane (D) 1-202-225-5905 1-202-225-5396
- 18 IL LaHood, Ray (R) 1-202-225-6201 1-202-225-9461
- 19 IL Poshard, Glenn (D) 1-202-225-5201 1-202-225-1541
- 20 IL Durbin, Richard J. (D) 1-202-225-5271 1-202-225-0170
- 1 IN Visclosky, Peter J. (D) 1-202-225-2461 1-202-225-2493
- 2 IN McIntosh, David (R) 1-202-225-3021 1-202-225-8140
- 3 IN Roemer, Timothy (D) 1-202-225-3915 1-202-225-6798
- 4 IN Souder, Mark (R) 1-202-225-4436 1-202-225-8810
- 5 IN Buyer, Steve (D) 1-202-225-5037 na
- 6 IN Burton, Daniel (R) 1-202-225-2276 1-202-225-0016
- 7 IN Myers, John T. (R) 1-202-225-5805 1-202-225-1649
- 8 IN Hostettler, John (R) 1-202-225-4636 1-202-225-4688
- 9 IN Hamilton, Lee H. (D) 1-202-225-5315 1-202-225-1101
- 10 IN Jacobs Jr., Andrew (D) 1-202-225-4011 1-202-226-4093
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-
-
- Subject: EFF Analysis of the "Anti-Electronic Racketeering Act" (S.974)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- ***** FEEL FREE TO DISTRIBUTE WIDELY *****
-
- On June 27, Senator Charles Grassley (R-IA) introduced the Anti-Electronic
- Racketeering Act, S.974. The bill was designed "to prohibit certain acts
- involving the use of computers in the furtherance of crimes, and for other
- purposes." Its immediate effect, among other things, would be to
- criminalize the posting of any encryption software on any computer network,
- that foreign nationals can access (in other words, any computer network
- period). Because of poor wording, the bill would probably also criminalize
- data compression and other non-cryptographic encoding schemes available on
- networks. This includes the compression used in most of the images on
- Internet users' WWW homepages, not to mention uuencoding, binhex, MIME and
- other encoding methods for transferring binary files via email, and even
- language encoding used to represent non-English characters, such as the
- SJIS scheme for representing Japanese Kanji characters.
-
- In addition, the bill seems to be directed at undermining two big fights
- we've successfully waged in the past: the Steve Jackson Games decision
- against the United States Secret Service and the government's Clipper Chip
- proposal.
-
- Re: Steve Jackson Games -- this bill would permit the government to avoid
- the notice requirements of the Privacy Protection Act if "there is reason
- to believe that the immediate seizure of such materials is necessary to
- prevent the destruction or altercation [very Freudian sic!] of such
- documents." Furthermore, the government could use electronic evidence
- seized that had not been particularly described in a warrant if:
-
- "the seizure is incidental to an otherwise valid seizure, and the
- government officer or employee-
-
- ''(A) was not aware that work product material was among the data seized;
-
- ''(B) upon actual discovery of the existence of work product materials, the
- government officer or employee took reasonable steps to protect the privacy
- interests recognized by this section, including-
-
- ''(i) using utility software to seek and identify electronically stored data
- that may be commingled or combined with non-work product material; and
-
- ''(ii) upon actual identification of such material, taking reasonable steps
- to protect the privacy of the material, including seeking a search warrant."
-
- Re: Clipper Chip -- The bill would make it a crime "to distribute computer
- software that encodes or encrypts electronic or digital communications to
- computer networks that the person distributing the software knows or
- reasonably should know, is accessible to foreign nationals and foreign
- governments, regardless of whether such software has been designated as
- nonexportable." However, there is an exception: "It shall be an
- affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the software at
- issue used a universal decoding device or program that was provided to the
- Department of Justice prior to the distribution." This is essentially an
- attempt to sneak the key "escrow" provisions of the Clipper scheme in
- through a legislative back door.
-
- Fortunately, the bill does not have a very promising future. The bill has
- no co-sponsors. It was immediately referred to the Committee on the
- Judiciary, where it currently sits. LEXIS's bill tracking report only
- gives it a 10% chance of passing out of the committee.
-
- We thought Senator Grassley's own statement when he introduced the bill is
- worth reading, so we attach it here. Our favorite line is "Elliott Ness
- needs to meet the Internet." This is especially ironic in light of recent
- comparisons of hysteria about "dangerous" material on the internet, and
- the Prohibition.
-
- The bill itself follows Grassley's statement.
-
- ------------------------------
-
-
- Subject: Sen. Grassley's Statement to the Senate on S.974
- ---------------------------------------------------------
-
- Mr. President, I rise this evening to introduce the Anti-electronic
- Racketeering Act of 1995. This bill makes important changes to RICO and
- criminalizes deliberately using computer technology to engage in criminal
- activity. I believe this bill is a reasonable, measured and strong response
- to a growing problem. According to the computer emergency and response
- team at Carnegie-Mellon University, during 1994, about 40,000 computer
- users were attacked. Virus hacker, the FBI's national computer crime squad
- has investigated over 200 cases since 1991. So, computer crime is clearly
- on the rise.
-
- Mr. President, I suppose that some of this is just natural. Whenever man
- develops a new technology, that technology will be abused by some. And that is
- why I have introduced this bill. I believe we need to seriously reconsider the
- Federal Criminal Code with an eye toward modernizing existing statutes and
- creating new ones. In other words, Mr. President, Elliot Ness needs to meet the
- Internet.
-
- Mr. President, I sit on the Board of the Office of Technology Assessment.
- That Office has clearly indicated that organized crime has entered cyberspace in
- a big way. International drug cartels use computers to launder drug money and
- terrorists like the Oklahoma City bombers use computers to conspire to commit
- crimes.
-
- Computer fraud accounts for the loss of millions of dollars per year. And
- often times, there is little that can be done about this because the computer
- used to commit the crimes is located overseas. So, under my bill, overseas
- computer users who employ their computers to commit fraud in the United States
- would be fully subject to the Federal criminal laws. Also under my bill, Mr.
- President, the wire fraud statute which has been successfully used by
- prosecutors for many users, will be amended to make fraudulent schemes which use
- computers a crime.
-
- It is not enough to simply modernize the Criminal Code. We also have to
- reconsider many of the difficult procedural burdens that prosecutors must
- overcome. For instance, in the typical case, prosecutors must identify a
- location in order to get a wiretapping order. But in cyberspace, it is often
- impossible to determine the location. And so my bill corrects that so that if
- prosecutors cannot, with the exercise of effort, give the court a location, then
- those prosecutors can still get a wiretapping order. And for law enforcers-both
- State and Federal-who have seized a computer which contains both contraband or
- evidence and purely private material, I have created a good-faith standard so
- that law enforcers are not shackled by undue restrictions but will also be
- punished for bad faith.
-
- Mr. President, this brave new world of electronic communications and global
- computer networks holds much promise. But like almost anything, there is the
- potential for abuse and harm. That is why I urge my colleagues to support this
- bill and that is why I urge industry to support this bill.
-
- On a final note, I would say that we should not be too scared of technology.
- After all, we are still just people and right is still right and wrong is still
- wrong. Some things change and some things do not. All that my bill does is say
- you can't use computers to steal, to threaten others or conceal criminal
- conduct.
-
- Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed
- in the Record.
-
- There being no objection, the bill was ordered to be printed in the Record,
- as follows:
-
- ------------------------------
-
-
- Subject: The Anti-Electronic Racketeering Act of 1995, Senate Bill S.974
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- S. 974
-
-
-
- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
-
- This Act may be cited as the ''Anti-Electronic Racketeering Act of 1995''.
-
- SEC. 2. PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES.
-
- (a) Definitions .-Section 1961(1) of title 18, United States Code, is
- amended-
-
- (1) by striking ''1343 (relating to wire fraud)'' and inserting ''1343
- (relating to wire and computer fraud)'';
-
- (2) by striking ''that title'' and inserting ''this title'';
-
- (3) by striking ''or (E)'' and inserting ''(E)''; and
-
- (4) by inserting before the semicolon the following: ''or (F) any act that is
- indictable under section 1030, 1030A, or 1962(d)(2)''.
-
- (b) Use of Computer To Facilitate Racketeering Enterprise .-Section 1962 of
- title 18, United States Code, is amended-
-
- (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
-
- (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsection:
-
- ''(d) It shall be unlawful for any person-
-
- ''(1) to use any computer or computer network in furtherance of a
- racketeering activity (as defined in section 1961(1)); or
-
- ''(2) to damage or threaten to damage electronically or digitally stored
- data.''.
-
- (c) Criminal Penalties .-Section 1963(b) of title 18, United States Code, is
- amended-
-
- (1) by striking ''and'' at the end of paragraph (1);
-
- (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting '';
- and''; and
-
- (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
-
- ''(3) electronically or digitally stored data.''.
-
- (d) Civil Remedies .-Section 1964(c) of title 18, United States Code, is
- amended by striking ''his property or business''. [*S9181]
-
- (e) Use as Evidence of Intercepted Wire or Oral Communications .-Section 2515
- of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting before the period at
- the end the following: '', unless the authority in possession of the intercepted
- communication attempted in good faith to comply with this chapter. If the United
- States or any State of the United States, or subdivision thereof, possesses a
- communication intercepted by a nongovernmental actor, without the knowledge of
- the United States, that State, or that subdivision, the communication may be
- introduced into evidence''.
-
- (f) Authorization for Interception of Wire, Oral, or Electronic
- Communications .-Section 2516(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended-
-
- (1) by striking ''and'' at the end of paragraph (n);
-
- (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph () and inserting '';
- and''; and
-
- (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
-
- ''(p) any violation of section 1962 of title 18.''.
-
- (g) Procedures for Interception .-Section 2518(4)(b) of title 18, United
- States Code, is amended by inserting before the semicolon the following: ''to
- the extent feasible''.
-
- (h) Computer Crimes .-
-
- (1) New prohibited activities .-Chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code,
- is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
-
- '' 1A1030A. Racketeering-related crimes involving computers
-
- ''(a) It shall be unlawful-
-
- ''(1) to use a computer or computer network to transfer unlicensed computer
- software, regardless of whether the transfer is performed for economic
- consideration;
-
- ''(2) to distribute computer software that encodes or encrypts electronic or
- digital communications to computer networks that the person distributing the
- software knows or reasonably should know, is accessible to foreign nationals and
- foreign governments, regardless of whether such software has been designated as
- nonexportable; and
-
- ''(3) to use a computer or computer network to transmit a communication
- intended to conceal or hide the origin of money or other assets, tangible or
- intangible, that were derived from racketeering activity; and
-
- ''(4) to operate a computer or computer network primarily to facilitate
- racketeering activity or primarily to engage in conduct prohibited by Federal or
- State law.
-
- ''(b) For purposes of this section, each act of distributing software is
- considered a separate predicate act. Each instance in which nonexportable
- software is accessed by a foreign government, an agent of a foreign government,
- a foreign national, or an agent of a foreign national, shall be considered as a
- separate predicate act.
-
- ''(c) It shall be an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section
- that the software at issue used a universal decoding device or program that was
- provided to the Department of Justice prior to the distribution.''.
-
- (2) Clerical amendment .-The analysis at the beginning of chapter 47, United
- States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new item:
-
- ''1030A. Racketeering-related crimes involving computers.''.
-
- (3) Jurisdiction and venue .-Section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is
- amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
-
- ''(g)(1)(A) Any act prohibited by this section that is committed using any
- computer, computer facility, or computer network that is physically located
- within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States shall be deemed to have
- been committed within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States.
-
- ''(B) Any action taken in furtherance of an act described in subparagraph (A)
- shall be deemed to have been committed in the territorial jurisdiction of the
- United States.
-
- ''(2) In any prosecution under this section involving acts deemed to be
- committed within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States under this
- subsection, venue shall be proper where the computer, computer facility, or
- computer network was physically situated at the time at least one of the
- wrongful acts was committed.''.
-
- (i) Wire and Computer Fraud .-Section 1343 of title 18, United States Code,
- is amended by striking ''or television communication'' and inserting
- ''television communication, or computer network or facility''.
-
- (j) Privacy Protection Act .-Section 101 of the Privacy Protection Act of
- 1980 (42 U.S.C. 2000aa) is amended-
-
- (1) in subsection (a)-
-
- (A) by striking ''or'' at the end of paragraph (1);
-
- (B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting '';
- or''; and
-
- (C) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
-
- ''(3) there is reason to believe that the immediate seizure of such materials
- is necessary to prevent the destruction or altercation of such documents.''; and
-
- (2) in subsection (b)-
-
- (A) by striking ''or'' at the end of paragraph (3);
-
- (B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (4) and inserting '';
- or''; and
-
- (C) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
-
- ''(5) in the case of electronically stored data, the seizure is incidental to
- an otherwise valid seizure, and the government officer or employee-
-
- ''(A) was not aware that work product material was among the data seized;
-
- ''(B) upon actual discovery of the existence of work product materials, the
- government officer or employee took reasonable steps to protect the privacy
- interests recognized by this section, including-
-
- ''(i) using utility software to seek and identify electronically stored data
- that may be commingled or combined with non-work product material; and
-
- ''(ii) upon actual identification of such material, taking reasonable steps
- to protect the privacy of the material, including seeking a search warrant.''.
-
- [end]
-
- ------------------------------
-
-
- Subject: EFF and Others Thank 16 Senators for Voting Against the CDA
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- [Letter sent to the 16 Senators who voted against the Communications
- Decency Act.]
-
-
- Dear Senator:
-
- The undersigned organizations and individuals thank you for voting
- against the Exon/Gorton amendment that would censor electronic
- networks. Only 16 of you upheld both the Constitution and the will of
- the people (as clearly expressed through letters, phone calls, and
- petitions) in opposing the amendment. We will do whatever we can to
- make the public remember your principles and your courage.
-
- You understand that the censorship issue goes beyond the question of
- whether a child sees a picture that is in bad taste. You know that
- censorship ends up suppressing what is good, valuable, and sometimes
- critical to public policy-making. Let us hope that the House of
- Representatives is more open to this view.
-
- We believe that electronic networks should allow all constitutionally-
- protected forms of expression, that the commercial organization of the
- media should encourage a wide range of content providers, and that the
- privacy of online users should be diligently safeguarded. Standards of
- propriety (which differ from community to community, and from individual
- to individual) should remain an individual decision on a medium like the
- Internet, which is truly the first expression of the emerging Global
- Information Infrastructure. When governments try to dictate content, we
- risk choking the life out of these vital communication, educational, and
- knowledge tools.
-
- Finally, we applaud the Internet as a forum where people can defend free
- speech in other media, and can organize to protect the civil rights of
- everyone. Attacks on the Internet could well be preludes to attacks
- on these broader values.
-
- Sincerely,
-
- * Organizations
- Electronic Frontier Foundation
- Electronic Frontier Canada
- Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
- Voters Telecommunications Watch
- Center for Information, Technology, & Society
- Libertarian Party
- National Writers Union - UAW Local 1981
- Marijuana Policy Project
- Florida Coalition Against Censorship
-
- * Individuals (organizations listed for identification purposes only)
- Robert Abrazado
- Michael Brownstein, IXA Inc.
- Gordon Cook, Editor & Publisher, The COOK Report on Internet -> NREN
- Brennon Martin, Network 99/IXA/Semaphore Internet Services
- Arun Mehta, Forum for Rights to Electronic Expression (India)
- Nathan Newman, co-chair, UC-Berkeley Center for Community Economic Research
- Bob Pauls, Exec. Director, Shawnee Free-Net, Inc.
- Bob Powell
- Joe Shea, Editor-in-Chief, The American Reporter
- Paul J. Ste. Marie
- Jim Warren, GovAccess moderator and columnist for Government Technology,
- BoardWatch, MicroTimes and other periodicals
-
-
- * Senators who received the letter
-
- P ST Name
- = == ==================
- D CT Lieberman, Joseph I.
- D DE Biden Jr., Joseph R.
- D IL Simon, Paul
- D IL Moseley-Braun, Carol
- D MA Kennedy, Edward M.
- D MI Levin, Carl
- D MN Wellstone, Paul
- D NM Bingaman, Jeff
- D NY Moynihan, Daniel P.
- D OH Glenn, John
- R RI Chafee, John H.
- D VA Robb, Charles S.
- D VT Leahy, Patrick J.
- R VT Jeffords, James M.
- D WA Murray, Patty
- D WI Feingold, Russell
-
- ------------------------------
-
-
- Subject: What YOU Can Do
- ------------------------
-
- * The Communications Decency Act
-
- The Communications Decency Act poses serious threats to freedom of
- expression online, and to the livelihoods of system operators. The
- legislation also undermines several crucial privacy protections.
-
- Business/industry persons concerned should alert their corporate govt.
- affairs office and/or legal counsel. Everyone should write to their own
- Representatives and ask them to support Rep. Klink's alternative
- legislation, already folded into the House telecom reform bill, and
- ask their legislators to oppose any efforts to remove the Klink
- language from the bill and replace it with the CDA or similar
- censorship legislation. Explain, quickly and clearly, why the CDA is
- dangerous, and urge efforts to prevent its introduction in any form.
-
- For more information on what you can do to help stop this and other
- dangerous legislation, see:
-
- ftp.eff.org, /pub/Alerts/
- gopher.eff.org, 1/Alerts
- http://www.eff.org/pub/Alerts/
-
- If you do not have full internet access, send your request
- for information to ask@eff.org.
-
-
- * The Anti-Electronic Racketeering Act
-
- This bill is unlikely to pass in any form, being very poorly drafted, and
- without support. However, the CDA is just as bad and passed with flying
- colors [the jolly roger?] in the Senate. It's better to be safe than sorry.
- If you have a few moments to spare, writing to, faxing, or calling your
- Congresspersons to urge opposition to this bill is a good idea. If you
- only have time to do limited activism, please concentrate on the CDA instead.
- That legislation is far more imminent that the AERA.
-
-
- * Find Out Who Your Congresspersons Are
-
- Writing letters to, faxing, and phoning your representatives in Congress
- is one very important strategy of activism, and an essential way of
- making sure YOUR voice is heard on vital issues.
-
- EFF has lists of the Senate and House with contact information, as well
- as lists of Congressional committees. (A House list is included in this
- issue of EFFector). These lists are available at:
- ftp.eff.org, /pub/Activism/Congress_cmtes/
- gopher.eff.org, 1/EFF/Issues/Activism/Congress_cmtes
- http://www.eff.org/pub/Activism/Congress_cmtes/
-
- The full Senate and House lists are senate.list and hr.list, respectively.
- Those not in the U.S. should seek out similar information about their
- own legislative bodies. EFF will be happy to archive any such
- information provided.
-
- If you are having difficulty determining who your Representatives are,
- try contacting your local League of Women Voters, who maintain a great
- deal of legislative information.
-
-
- * Join EFF!
-
- You *know* privacy, freedom of speech and ability to make your voice heard
- in government are important. You have probably participated in our online
- campaigns and forums. Have you become a member of EFF yet? The best way to
- protect your online rights is to be fully informed and to make your
- opinions heard. EFF members are informed and are making a difference. Join
- EFF today!
-
- For EFF membership info, send queries to membership@eff.org, or send any
- message to info@eff.org for basic EFF info, and a membership form.
-
- ------------------------------
-
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- End of EFFector Online v08 #13 Digest
- *************************************
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- $$
-