home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: vanbc.wimsey.com!deep.rsoft.bc.ca!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!usc!cs.utexas.edu!chinacat!not-for-mail
- Newsgroups: comp.society.cu-digest
- From: Cu-Digest (tk0jut2@mvs.cso.niu.edu) <TK0JUT2%NIU.BITNET@UICVM.UIC.EDU>
- Subject: Cu Digest, #5.45
- Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1993 01:57:12 CDT
- Message-ID: <1993Jun21.015712.13915@chinacat.unicom.com>
- Organization: the Computer Underground Digest gateway
- Reply-To: tk0jut2@mvs.cso.niu.edu
- Approved: usenet@chinacat.unicom.com (mail-to-news gateway)
- Sender: usenet@chinacat.unicom.com (mail-to-news gateway)
- Lines: 918
-
-
- Computer underground Digest Sun June 20 1993 Volume 5 : Issue 45
- ISSN 1004-045X
-
- Editors: Jim Thomas and Gordon Meyer (TK0JUT2@NIU.BITNET)
- Archivist: Brendan Kehoe
- Shadow-Archivists: Dan Carosone / Paul Southworth
- Ralph Sims / Jyrki Kuoppala
- Ian Dickinson
- Copy Editor: Etaoin Shrdlu, Seniur
-
- CONTENTS, #5.45 (June 20 1993)
- File 1--LISTSERVE FOR CuD DESPERATELY NEEDED!!!
- File 2--Re: 2600 testimony to Markey's subcommittee
- File 3--Newsgroup Moderator Survey -- Respondents Requested
- File 4--CUnews - SPA sues software rental; Sega/ratings; Censorship
- File 5--Newsletter on work in computer industry
- File 6--Course on "Politics and Technology"
- File 7--GPO WINDO text here!
- File 8--Re-AB1624: dumbing-down leg displays w/o dumbing-down data
- File 9--6/17 AB1624: dumbed-down displays - ADDENDA
-
- Cu-Digest is a weekly electronic journal/newsletter. Subscriptions are
- available at no cost electronically from tk0jut2@mvs.cso.niu.edu. The
- editors may be contacted by voice (815-753-6430), fax (815-753-6302)
- or U.S. mail at: Jim Thomas, Department of Sociology, NIU, DeKalb, IL
- 60115.
-
- Issues of CuD can also be found in the Usenet comp.society.cu-digest
- news group; on CompuServe in DL0 and DL4 of the IBMBBS SIG, DL1 of
- LAWSIG, and DL0 and DL12 of TELECOM; on GEnie in the PF*NPC RT
- libraries and in the VIRUS/SECURITY library; from America Online in
- the PC Telecom forum under "computing newsletters;"
- On Delphi in the General Discussion database of the Internet SIG;
- on the PC-EXEC BBS at (414) 789-4210; and on: Rune Stone BBS (IIRG
- WHQ) 203-832-8441 NUP:Conspiracy
- CuD is also available via Fidonet File Request from 1:11/70; unlisted
- nodes and points welcome.
- EUROPE: from the ComNet in LUXEMBOURG BBS (++352) 466893;
- In ITALY: Bits against the Empire BBS: +39-461-980493
-
- ANONYMOUS FTP SITES:
- UNITED STATES: ftp.eff.org (192.88.144.4) in /pub/cud
- uglymouse.css.itd.umich.edu (141.211.182.53) in /pub/CuD/cud
- halcyon.com( 202.135.191.2) in /pub/mirror/cud
- AUSTRALIA: ftp.ee.mu.oz.au (128.250.77.2) in /pub/text/CuD.
- EUROPE: nic.funet.fi in pub/doc/cud. (Finland)
- ftp.warwick.ac.uk in pub/cud (United Kingdom)
-
- COMPUTER UNDERGROUND DIGEST is an open forum dedicated to sharing
- information among computerists and to the presentation and debate of
- diverse views. CuD material may be reprinted for non-profit as long
- as the source is cited. Authors hold a presumptive copyright, and
- they should be contacted for reprint permission. It is assumed that
- non-personal mail to the moderators may be reprinted unless otherwise
- specified. Readers are encouraged to submit reasoned articles
- relating to computer culture and communication. Articles are
- preferred to short responses. Please avoid quoting previous posts
- unless absolutely necessary.
-
- DISCLAIMER: The views represented herein do not necessarily represent
- the views of the moderators. Digest contributors assume all
- responsibility for ensuring that articles submitted do not
- violate copyright protections.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Date: Thu, 12 June 1993 19:12:21 CDT
- From: CuD Moderators <cudigest@tk0jut2@mvs.cso.niu.edu>
- Subject: File 1--LISTSERVE FOR CuD DESPERATELY NEEDED!!!
-
- CuD's mailing list has grown sufficiently large that we crash our
- University mainframe's mailer with almost every issue. The computer
- folk at Northern Illinois University have been patient, supportive,
- and helpful. Sadly, they are constrained by the same fiscal
- constraints that plague most other schools and cannot solve the
- problem without a substantial investment of resources. NIU does not
- (and for at least the near future cannot) support a listserve. So, CuD
- is looking for a host to channel CuDs out to the mailing list of about
- 1,400 subscribers (growing at about 15-20 a week).
-
- If anybody can provide a listserv, it will keep our local (and up to
- now very friendly) computer sysads happy and help us keep CuDs coming
- out once or twice a week.
-
- Any suggestions, advice, or volunteer hosts will be appreciated.
-
- Basic Information:
-
- 1) Reliability (obviously--an established university system preferred)
-
- 2) Capable of handling about 1,400 addresses
-
- 3) Each issue is about 40 K
-
- If you have suggestions or can offer a site, contact:
- Jim Thomas / tk0jut2@mvs.cso.niu.edu
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Mon, 14 Jun 93 20:31:17 -0700
- From: gnu@TOAD.COM
- Subject: File 2--Re: 2600 testimony to Markey's subcommittee
-
- I was at the subcommittee hearing last Wednesday when "Emmanuel
- Goldstein" testified, and I took notes. It is true that two committee
- members (about half of the total who were present) focused on 2600 as
- being a handbook for crime. Don Delaney, who was also on the panel,
- giving good evidence about the extent and organization of phone fraud
- in New York City, noted that the First Amendment had already been
- abridged to protect kids from pornography, and proposed a law that
- would make it a crime to sell security-related information to
- juveniles. Subcommittee Chairman Markey told a long rambling story
- about people going down Maple St. rattling the doorknobs and why that
- was a bad thing. He compared 2600 to people who rattle the doorknobs
- and then post on the bulletin board downtown, "The door to 123 Maple
- St. is unlocked". Rep. Fields said to "Emmanuel" that it was
- "frightening that someone like you thinks there's a protected right to
- violate someone's privacy."
-
- The ironic thing is that another panelist, John J. Haugh, heads a
- consulting firm that publishes details about similar topics. He's the
- editor and principal author of a two volume reference work, _Toll
- Fraud and Telabuse_, published by his company in early 1992. He's
- also the editor of a national newsletter, _Telecom & Network Security
- Review_, also published by his company, with subscribers in 49 states
- and 18 countries.
-
- Mr. Haugh did not get hectored by the panel. But Mr. Haugh charges
- $170/year for six issues of his newsletter, and wore a suit to the
- hearing. When the same information is published at 2600 prices,
- packaged for more adventurous people, it is "troubling".
-
- My opinion is that when the privacy and security of society depends on
- those doors being locked, then yes, we ought to have whole squads of
- Boy Scouts, cops, hackers, and ordinary citizens rattling those
- doorknobs hourly and daily. And when we find one open, we should let
- the world know, because the privacy and security of the world depends
- on it. This applies to information like, "if you tune an ordinary
- radio to these frequencies, you can hear everyone's phone calls." If
- the info is suppressed, the problem will never be fixed, because not
- enough public pressure will be brought to bear on those responsible
- for fixing it.
-
- John Gilmore
-
- PS: The first half of the hearing was on encryption and Clipper, and
- I am pleased to say that the subcommittee took the *right* stance on
- that issue -- that the Clipper proposal was trouble and that
- fundamental rights, upon which our society is based, were at stake.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Fri, 11 Jun 93 22:52:27 BST
- From: TG May <T.G.May1@LUT.AC.UK
- Subject: File 3--Newsgroup Moderator Survey -- Respondents Requested
-
- You may remember my request for survey participants a while ago?
- I have to date received a number of completed surveys. These have all
- been very interesting, but I need more respondents(especially soc.,
- sci. and rec. moderators).
-
- This survey is part of my research at the Department of Information
- and Library Studies, Loughborough University of Technology. It aims to
- provide the author with an idea of what rules or policies that are
- being used by moderators for the conduct of their newsgroup(s), the
- extent to which these are adhered to and the extent of ethical and/or
- legal problems (e.g. copyright infringements) and breaches of general
- netiquette (e.g. use of excessive signatures and text). As well as
- providing the author with further information on the work of moderators.
-
- I am also interested in how moderators feel about some suggestions
- that for example, all newsgroups should be moderated. Apart from
- being contrary to the philosophy of UseNet, there are many practical
- reasons for rejecting such ideas. What do you think?
-
- Some of the questions may be more relevant to some newsgroups than
- others. However I would appreciate your cooperation.
-
- Please find enclosed a survey. I would be grateful if you would assist
- me by completing it.
-
- If desired I will send you a summary of my findings.
-
- Please return the survey to my e-mail address by June 17th 1993.
-
- Thank you for your assistance.
-
-
- T.G.May [T.G.May1@lut.ac.uk]
- Internet: T.G.May1@uk.ac.lut
-
- ===+CUT HERE+===
-
- ******************** SURVEY OF USENET MODERATORS ********************
-
- *THE IDENTITY OF ALL RESPONDENTS WILL REMAIN CONFIDENTIAL*
-
-
- Please indicate answers with an X where appropriate.
-
- 1. Newsgroup name:
- 2. Start date of newsgroup:
- 3. Estimated number of subscribers(readers):
- a) active [ ] b) reading [ ]
-
- 4. Number of submissions per week:
-
- 5. Are you: [ ] male [ ] female.
-
- 6. What is your occupation/job (e.g. academic, faculty
- student etc.)? [ ]
-
- 7. How many years have you been a moderator to this
- newsgroup ? [ ] years.
-
- 8. Do you moderate any other newsgroups? [ ]yes [ ]no
-
- 9. How did you become a moderator?
- [ ] through a general discussion in news.groups
- [ ] through personal e-mail
- [ ] other *please give details*
-
-
-
- 10. What tasks do you perform as a moderator?
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- 11. How much time do you spend daily on moderating?
- [ ]less than 1hr [ ] 1-2hrs [ ] 3-4 hrs [ ]5 or more hrs.
-
- 12. How many *other* moderators, moderate this newsgroup?
- [ ] * If none go to question 13 *
-
- a) Do you work independently? [ ] yes [ ] no
- b) Do you consult with other moderators in this newsgroup?
- [ ] yes [ ] no
- c) Do you consult with moderators from *other* newsgroups?
- [ ] yes [ ] no [ ] other *please give details* [
- ]
- If *no* to both questions b and c go to question 13.
-
- d) On what issues, problems or activities do you consult?
-
-
-
-
-
- e) Does this include problematic ethical or legal issues?
- [ ] yes [ ] no
-
- 13. Do you have a written statement of policy ? [ ]yes [ ] no
-
- Please answer with an X where appropriate:
-
- a) As a moderator do you make specific rules with regard to
- any of the following list of issues?
- b) As a moderator, which pose a serious and continuing
- problem?
- c) How many (%) submissions per week *breach* those rules as you
- see them?
-
- a b c
-
- Copyright [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Anonymous postings [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Advertisements [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Pornography [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Obscene material [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Personal attacks [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Flaming [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Defamatory material [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Extreme bias [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Homophobic submissions [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Racism/t submissions [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Unrelated discussion [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Unrelated points [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Drifting [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Noise [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Length of text [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Length of signatures [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Quoting of previous submissions
- [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Use of personal mail [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Cross-posting [ ] [ ] [ ]
- Other *please give
- details*
- [ ] [ ] [ ]
-
- [ ] [ ] [ ]
-
- *If possible, please give examples of a and b*
-
- d) How many submissions are rejected each week? [ ]
-
- 14. What action, if any, is taken in response to submissions
- which breach any of the above?
-
-
-
-
-
- 15. Do you have an appeals procedure? [ ] yes [ ] no
-
- 16. Do you allow anonymous mailing/postings? [ ]yes [ ] no
- [ ] only under certain circumstances? *please give details*
-
-
-
- 17. As a moderator to this newsgroup, what do you feel a
- moderators role should?
-
-
-
-
-
-
- 18. Many suggestions have been made for the control of network
- services. But do *you* agree with any of the following statements?
-
- a) All newsgroups should be moderated [ ] yes [ ] no
- b) All newsgroups moderators should be elected by
- subscribers to the newsgroup? [ ] yes [ ] no
- c) All newsgroups should be registered with a regulatory body or
- authority?
- [ ]yes [ ]no
- d) All moderators should be vetted(*) by a regulatory body or authority?
- [ ] yes [ ] no
-
- * Vetted as in checking someone's personal background for criminal
- records etc. so as to ascertain whether that the individual meets certain
- criteria. This usually includes that the person should have no criminal
- record.
-
- Please use the space below to comment on any other issues
- which you feel have not been covered here (or any additional
- comments you wish to make).
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Once again, thank you for your assistance.
- T.G.May1@lut.ac.uk
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 11 Jun 93 21:03:58 EDT
- From: Gordon Meyer <72307.1502@COMPUSERVE.COM>
- Subject: File 4--CUnews - SPA sues software rental; Sega/ratings; Censorship
-
- To: >internet:tk0jut2@niu.bitnet
- SPA Cracks Down On Software Rental
- ==============================
- The Software Publishers Association filed a copyright infringement
- charges in a NY federal court last week. The charges were against
- Megatronics, Global Software and Accessories, and Software Review.
- The companies allegedly offer software for rent, which has been
- illegal since December of 1990.
- (Information Week. May 31, 1993. pg 8)
-
- Rating Games
- ===========
- Sega has announced that it will begin attaching ratings, similar to
- the Motion Picture Code ratings, to video games. An internal Sega
- council will determine the rating for each game, which will include GA
- for General Audiences, MA-13 for mature audiences, and MA-17 for
- adults. The game's premise, graphics, and audio content will be
- considered in assigning the rating.
- (Information Week. May 31, 1993. pg 8)
-
- Internet Censorship
- ===============
- Information Week (May 31, 1993. pg. 84) summarizes a Wall Street
- Journal (May 24, pg B1) story about concerns over censorship on the
- Internet. The summation focuses on programs that automatically remove
- anonymous postings from newsgroups, and whether or not this
- constitutes a threat against freedom of expression. The Journal
- article is "Censorship Fights Heat Up On Academic Networks" by William
- M. Bulkeley.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Fri, 11 Jun 1993 13:36:57 -0700
- From: "James I. Davis" <jdav@WELL.SF.CA.US>
- Subject: File 5--Newsletter on work in computer industry
-
- CPU: WORKING IN THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY #3 Now Available
-
- Issue number 3 of the electronic newsletter CPU: WORKING IN THE
- COMPUTER INDUSTRY is now available. This issue includes stories on
- the current organizing efforts of janitors at Oracle Corporation,
- the world's largest producer of database software; and an analysis
- of the first strike ever in the Silicon Valley electronics
- industry, which took place last fall.
-
- Online subscriptions to CPU are available at no cost by emailing
- listserv@cpsr.org with a blank subject and a single line in the
- body of the message:
-
- SUBSCRIBE CPSR-CPU <your first name> <your last name>
-
- For example:
-
- SUBSCRIBE CPSR-CPU Robin Hood
-
- CPU back issues can be found via anonymous FTP at either cpsr.org
- in /cpsr/work or uglymouse.css.itd.umich.edu in /pub/CPSR/work.
- Current issues of CPU are also posted in the gen.newsletter
- conference on PeaceNet.
-
- CPU #1 (3/26/93) included original material on the state of work
- in the computer industry, the global software labor market, and a
- personal account of the implosion at IBM. CPU #2 (5/13/93)
- included original stories on the engineers' strike at Boeing in
- January, and contracting at Apple. Each issue also includes "Labor
- Bytes", a summary of some of the top stories about work in the
- computer industry.
-
- CPU is a project of a working group of Computer Professionals for
- Social Responsibility / Berkeley Chapter.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Fri, 11 Jun 1993 15:57:19 -0400 (EDT)
- From: Larry Flood <FLOODLG@SNYBSCVA.BITNET>
- Subject: File 6--Course on "Politics and Technology"
-
- (MODERATORS' NOTE: Judging from response we receive, a number of CuD
- readers are academic types who try to integrate issues we address in
- their classes. It might be helpful if we began sharing course info,
- strategies, resources, reading lists, and other information and
- perhaps make them available via ftp. Larry Flood is offering once such
- course. If others are involved in teaching, perhaps they could send
- any relevant material over, including electronically available
- papers, syllabi, or reading lists, and Brendan will create a directory
- (if there is sufficient response) for them)).
-
- Next Spring I will offer a new course on politics and technology.
- Emphasis will be on the impact of computers on politics and
- politics on computing, but we will also consider other technologies
- and b roader issues. Students will be introduced to the Internet
- and computer communication. I'm writing to ask for suggestions for
- readings, net-accessible materials, topics, contacts or whatever.
- I will of course share my syllabus and discoveries with all who are
- interested. Thanks in advance.
-
- Larry Flood, Political Science, Buffalo State College
- floodlg@snybufva
- floodlg@snybufva.cs.snybuf.edu
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Thu, 17 Jun 1993 20:13:04 GMT
- From: kiddyr@GALLANT.APPLE.COM(Ray Kiddy)
- Subject: File 7--GPO WINDO text here!
-
- In the spirit of the GPO WINDO Act, just signed, here is the GPA WINDO
- Act, as reported out of the Senate.
-
- 103RD CONGRESS; 1ST SESSION
- IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
- AS ENROLLED
-
- S. 564
- 1993 S. 564;
-
- AN ACT
- TO ESTABLISH IN THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE A MEANS OF ENHANCING
- ELECTRONIC PUBLIC ACCESS TO A WIDE RANGE OF FEDERAL ELECTRONIC
- INFORMATION.
-
- TEXT:
-
- BE IT ENACTED BY THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE
- UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, SECTION 1. SHORT
- TITLE.
-
- THIS ACT MAY BE CITED AS THE "GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ELECTRONIC
- INFORMATION ACCESS ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1993".
-
- SEC. 2. AMENDMENTS TO TITLE 44, UNITED STATES CODE.
-
- (A) IN GENERAL.-TITLE 44, UNITED STATES CODE, IS AMENDED BY ADDING AT
- THE END THE FOLLOWING NEW CHAPTER:
-
- "CHAPTER 41-ACCESS TO FEDERAL ELECTRONIC INFORMATION
- "SEC.
- "4101. ELECTRONIC DIRECTORY; ONLINE ACCESS TO PUBLICATIONS; ELECTRONIC
- STORAGE FACILITY.
- "4102. FEES.
- "4103. BIENNIAL REPORT.
- "4104. DEFINITION.
- "4101. ELECTRONIC DIRECTORY; ONLINE ACCESS TO PUBLICATIONS; ELECTRONIC
- STORAGE FACILITY
- "(A) IN GENERAL.-THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, UNDER THE DIRECTION
- OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER, SHALL-
- "(1) MAINTAIN AN ELECTRONIC DIRECTORY OF FEDERAL ELECTRONIC
- INFORMATION;
- "(2) PROVIDE A SYSTEM OF ONLINE ACCESS TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD,
- THE FEDERAL REGISTER, AND, AS DETERMINED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF
- DOCUMENTS, OTHER APPROPRIATE PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTED BY THE
- SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS; AND
- "(3) OPERATE AN ELECTRONIC STORAGE FACILITY FOR FEDERAL ELECTRONIC
- INFORMATION TO WHICH ONLINE ACCESS IS MADE AVAILABLE UNDER PARAGRAPH
- (2).
- "(B) DEPARTMENTAL REQUESTS.-TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THE
- SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS SHALL ACCOMMODATE ANY REQUEST BY THE HEAD OF
- A DEPARTMENT OR AGENCY TO INCLUDE IN THE SYSTEM OF ACCESS REFERRED TO IN
- SUBSECTION (A)(2) INFORMATION THAT IS UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE DEPARTMENT
- OR AGENCY INVOLVED.
- "(C) CONSULTATION.-IN CARRYING OUT THIS SECTION, THE SUPERINTENDENT OF
- DOCUMENTS SHALL CONSULT-
- "(1) USERS OF THE DIRECTORY AND THE SYSTEM OF ACCESS PROVIDED FOR
- UNDER SUBSECTION (A); AND
- "(2) OTHER PROVIDERS OF SIMILAR INFORMATION SERVICES.
- THE PURPOSE OF SUCH CONSULTATION SHALL BE TO ASSESS THE QUALITY AND VALUE
- OF THE DIRECTORY AND THE SYSTEM, IN LIGHT OF USER NEEDS.
- "4102. FEES
- "(A) IN GENERAL.-THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, UNDER THE DIRECTION
- OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER, MAY CHARGE REASONABLE FEES FOR USE OF THE
- DIRECTORY AND THE SYSTEM OF ACCESS PROVIDED FOR UNDER SECTION 4101,
- EXCEPT THAT USE OF THE DIRECTORY AND THE SYSTEM SHALL BE MADE AVAILABLE
- TO DEPOSITORY LIBRARIES WITHOUT CHARGE. THE FEES RECEIVED SHALL BE
- TREATED IN THE SAME MANNER AS MONEYS RECEIVED FROM SALE OF DOCUMENTS
- UNDER SECTION 1702 OF THIS TITLE.
- "(B) COST RECOVERY.-THE FEES CHARGED UNDER THIS SECTION SHALL BE SET SO
- AS TO RECOVER THE INCREMENTAL COST OF DISSEMINATION OF THE INFORMATION
- INVOLVED, WITH THE COST TO BE COMPUTED WITHOUT REGARD TO SECTION 1708 OF
- THIS TITLE.
- "4103. BIENNIAL REPORT
- "NOT LATER THAN DECEMBER 31 OF EACH ODD-NUMBERED YEAR, THE PUBLIC
- PRINTER SHALL SUBMIT TO THE CONGRESS, WITH RESPECT TO THE TWO PRECEDING
- FISCAL YEARS, A REPORT ON THE DIRECTORY, THE SYSTEM OF ACCESS, AND THE
- ELECTRONIC STORAGE FACILITY REFERRED TO IN SECTION 4101(A). THE REPORT
- SHALL INCLUDE A DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONS INVOLVED, INCLUDING A
- STATEMENT OF COST SAVINGS IN COMPARISON WITH TRADITIONAL FORMS OF
- INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION.
- "4104. DEFINITION
- "AS USED IN THIS CHAPTER, THE TERM 'FEDERAL ELECTRONIC INFORMATION'
- MEANS FEDERAL PUBLIC INFORMATION STORED ELECTRONICALLY.".
- (B) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.-THE TABLE OF CHAPTERS FOR TITLE 44, UNITED
- STATES CODE, IS AMENDED BY ADDING AT THE END THE FOLLOWING NEW ITEM:
-
- "41. ACCESS TO FEDERAL ELECTRONIC INFORMATION 4101".
-
- SEC. 3. STATUS REPORT.
- NOT LATER THAN JUNE 30, 1994, THE PUBLIC PRINTER SHALL SUBMIT TO THE
- CONGRESS A REPORT ON THE STATUS OF THE DIRECTORY, THE SYSTEM OF ACCESS,
- AND THE ELECTRONIC STORAGE FACILITY REFERRED TO IN SECTION 4101 OF TITLE
- 44, UNITED STATES CODE, AS ADDED BY SECTION 2(A).
- SEC. 4. SPECIAL RULES.
- (A) OPERATIONAL DEADLINE.-THE DIRECTORY, THE SYSTEM OF ACCESS, AND THE
- ELECTRONIC STORAGE FACILITY REFERRED TO IN SECTION 4101 OF TITLE 44,
- UNITED STATES CODE, AS ADDED BY SECTION 2(A), SHALL BE OPERATIONAL NOT
- LATER THAN ONE YEAR AFTER THE DATE OF THE ENACTMENT OF THIS ACT.
- (B) FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT.-THE FIRST REPORT REFERRED TO IN SECTION 4103
- OF TITLE 44, UNITED STATES CODE, AS ADDED BY SECTION 2(A), SHALL BE
- SUBMITTED NOT LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 1995.
-
-
- SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
-
-
-
-
- VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND
- PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1993 18:20:31 -0700
- From: Jim Warren <jwarren@WELL.SF.CA.US>
- Subject: File 8--Re-AB1624: dumbing-down leg displays w/o dumbing-down data
-
- Tuesday, June 1, 1993 [modified for ASCII distribution, June 14th]
-
- to: Legislative Data Center, California State Legislative Counsel
- State Net
- Legi-Tech
- Debra Bowen, AB1624 author
- Michael Galizio, Chief of Staff, Speaker Willie Brown
- Rodney Smith, Democratic Caucus programmer
- Ron Cole, Director, Assembly Computer Services (ACS)
- Michael Hannigan, ACS Hardware Engineering Manager
- Linda Beattie, Assistant Director, Assembly Office of Research (AOR)
- Brian Wright, referenced in 5/24 AOR report
- Art Torres, AB1624 Senate Principal Co-author
- Keith Felty, Senate computer operations
-
- Hi all,
- One of the problems with distributing computerized legislative
- information is how to map the bill-text - notably including
- semantically-meaningful strike-thru, underscore and italics - to dumb
- character-only terminals and printers with only 80-columns. Worse
- still, some terminals and printers only have 40 columns, as in the
- case of some super-cheap consumer devices - and especially including
- some of the terminals used by the hearing-impaired, some large-font
- displays used by visually-impaired and possibly some Braille printers.
-
- Dumb-terminals and dumb-printers cannot be depended upon to have
- anything more than the standard ASCII character-set - no strike-thru
- or underscore, much less reverse character-images or italics.
-
- Most implementers seem to have settled on some sort of bracketing
- technique.
- E.g.:
-
- First, original and official bill-text is typset in regular, bold and
- italics, with and without strike-thru, formatted, with some text
- centered and most of it left- and right-justified. The italics versus
- regular has meaning, as does strike-thru. Page- and line-numbers are
- essential to understanding amendments - that are specified as
- modifications to isolated lines on random pages. The print-area is
- about 27.75 pica wide (~4-1/2 inches) by 43 pica high, plus page
- numbers.
-
- Secondly, the Legislative Inquiry System, inside the Legislature, can
- print bill-text right-ragged using a typewriter-style mono-font on a
- fixed-spacing printer. It has strike-thru and underscore capabilities,
- but no italics font.
-
- And finally, formatting for the [sadly, still common] worst-case
- dumb-terminal or dumb-printer - which would not have underscore or
- strike-thru capabilities - is difficult. Here is one example that
- spans across two printed pages from AB1624 as amended May 18th.
-
- It is exactly as it appears from one of the current premium-priced private-
- sector legislative information distributors <vile tax-emitting, job-producing
- capitalists that they are :-) >.
- It uses "[>A ... <A]" to bracket additions and "[D> ... <D]" to bracket
- deletions, and doesn't give page- or line-numbers:
- ...
- This bill would require [A> the Legislative Counsel, with the advice
- of <A] the Joint Rules Committee of the Senate and Assembly [A> , <A] to
- make available to the [D> State Library in electronic form on each day
- that either house of the Legislature is in session <D] [A> public by
- means of access by way of computer modem <A] specified information
- concerning bills [D> and <D] [A> , <A] the proceedings of the houses and
- committees of the Legislature [A> , statutory enactments, and the
- California Constitution <A] .
- ...
- (This uses eight lines. The three inserted commas are somewhat apparent.
- But, Ooooo!, is this fun to read <he sez, editorially>.)
-
- I had occasion to consider this problem in 1992, when I wanted to
- upload the text of a bill for distribution across the computer nets.
- This required adjusting to the lowest common denominator of dumb
- ASCII-only terminals and printers. Of course, the printed bill had
- strike-thru's and italics as it wound its torturous way to its final
- veto.
-
- Incidentally, it took me - as an educated professional, but
- unfamiliar with bill-formats or legislation - some time to realize the
- ramifications of italics versus regular font where they were used for
- current code in some sections, entirely new proposed-code in other
- sections, and code amendments in other sections.
-
- Furthermore, I also wanted to retain a full record of its
- modifications as it was whipped and torn through the legislative
- process. I distracted myself before I finished designing a systematic
- representation. However, hyar 't'is:
-
- PROPOSED FORMAT FOR LEGISLATIVE INFORMATION PRESENTED ON DUMB DEVICES
-
- The following is the first draft of a [ego alert!] "Warren format,"
- display/printing system designed to present legislative text on
- dumb-terminals and printers. It uses only ASCII characters without
- underscores or
- strike-thru's. It identifies:
- 1. current code/statute/law (there is none in this example, preceding),
- 2. original bill-text (such as the Legis Counsel's Digest example, above),
- 3. text to be added (italicized or underscored in the examples), and
- 4. text to be deleted (that was struck-thru in the preceding examples).
-
- The following position-numbers are listed only to illustrate how this would
- fit on an 80-column terminal or printer. For 40-columns, it remains an
- exercise for the reader to wrap and indent from the previous line,
- including the left-side flags.
- 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901233456789
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- v========== current law (c), if any, or page number (page)
- v========= 1: 1st version, the bill as originally introduced
- v======== 2: 2nd version, the bill as first amended
- v======= 3: 3rd version
- v====== 4: 4th version
- v===== 5: 5th version
- v==== 6: 6th version
- v=== 7: 7th version
- v== 8: 8th version - eight because the God of Digital favors eight;
- would only use as many as are needed
- v= final version as adopted by the Legislature and sent for the
- Governor's veto (or maybe even approval)
- 012345678f ln c=current law; +=text added; -=text deleted; o=original text
- Current and added text begins in column 15.
- Paragraph indents begin in column 17.
- Text deleted in the current version begins in column 21.
- Text deleted in earlier versions begins in column 24.
-
- Here is how this system would present the sample bill-excerpt from above,
- including the four header-lines that explain the left-side flags:
-
- v========== current law, if any
- v========= 1: AB1624 as introduced, March 4, 1993
- v======== 2: AB1624 as amended in Assembly, May 18, 1993
- 012345678f ln c=current law; +=text added; -=text deleted; o=original text
- page 0001
- o This bill would require
- + the Legislative Counsel, with the advice of
- o the Joint Rules Committee of the Senate and Assembly
- + ,
- o to make available to the
- o- State Library in electronic form on each day that
- o- either house of the Legislature is in
- page 0002
- o- session
- + public by means of access by way of computer modem
- o specified information concerning bills
- o- and
- + ,
- o the proceedings of the houses and committees of the Legislature
- + , statutory enactments, and the California Constitution
- o .
-
- (This takes about twice as many lines. But, the four header lines
- would appear only one time per bill-listing or per screen- or
- printed-page - programmer's or user's choice. And, this example text
- may or may not be unusually hacked; filled with small additions and
- deletions. Also note those shy, added commas now stand out clearly -
- if anyone cares.)
-
- Most notably,
- (1) the added/deleted annotations are separated from the text ,making the
- text much easier to read,
- (2) deleted text is shifted further to the right making it easy to
- disregard (try it), and
- (3) this format can easily be line-processed to produce a variety of
- other possibly-desired edits of the text - including any version of the
- bill and the text-results of the bill without the deleted text, so as to
- easily see what its results will be.
-
- Please note these other characteristics:
- * This design gains readability, but at the expense of vertical length.
- This particularly change-bloated example takes many more lines than
- the earlier versions. But, it allocates three columns per line for
- line-numbers (assuming a maximum of 99 lines on any page) and retains
- the page numbers from the printed bill, none of which exist in the
- other versions generated on semi-dumb and real-dumb printers.
- * The parts of a bill that are current statute can easily and
- quickly be identified by the "c" flag in column 1 - needed for the
- legislative novice. If text from current law is being deleted by any
- version of the bill, it is easily spotted by the "c" in column-1 plus
- a "-" in one of the columns, 2 through 10.
- * Text deleted in the current incarnation of the bill is indented
- to visually "drop away" from current text, but is still separated from
- older deletions, which are indented still further to the right.
- * Notably - and unlike the current paper and electronic system in
- the Legislature - this permits tracking all of the language that was
- ever in a bill, and easily noting exactly when any text was added or
- deleted. This may be useful for historical and research purposes, and
- for uses such as "blame management" and pacifying the "I told you so"
- and "Was so! Was not!" types.
- * By line-processing the flags at the left, it is a simple matter to
- generate (1) the bill-text without the distraction of deleted text, and
- (2) any of the ten possible versions of the bill, from its original
- introduction to whatever whip-sawed aberration may finally be adopted prior
- to the Gov's veto.
- * By massive induction on a teeny-weeny sample of a Legislative Data
- Center print-file, it appears to be very straightforward to generate this
- format - except for calculating the line-numbers (left as an exercise for
- the advanced student - perhaps, say, someone with old friends from Triple-I
- who are still familiar with their PageTwo antique typesetting system. :-).
- * Fewer lines and fewer columns would be needed for the left-side flags
- if the design were limited to presenting only what is in current printed
- bills - i.e., the immediately-previous version and the additions and
- deletions that create the current version. I allowed more columns because
- I wanted to be able to track all versions in a single presentation, and
- because I assume presentation software that would allow the user to
- trivially swap back and forth between several presentation forms by
- keyboard or mouse-click command - as it Should Be.
-
-
- I would be pleased to receive any comments or criticisms anyone might wish
- to offer and chat with anyone about this. It is a draft design, based on very
- inadequate information about the ever-so-cloistered legislative formats,
- Created by the Sages of Sacramento.
-
- You are more than welcome to circulate this wherever you wish and/or use
- this format - or any variant you choose. It is herewith placed in the public
- domain - hang on to this; it's "prior art" with which to battle the
- look-n-feel fascists.
- This is the first approach I will be suggesting to the volunteers and
- programmers who want to implement the utility routines necessary to present
- the public's legislative data that will [sooner or later] be made available
- to its owners via the computer nets.
-
-
- WHAT FORMAT(S) OF DATA MIGHT THE LEGISLATIVE DATA CENTER FINALLY PROVIDE?
- There is one final issue floating around about computerized legislative
- data: What format(s) will Benevolent Bion [Gregory], the Masterful
- Legislative Counsel. permit for providing public records publicly?
- For some years, as I understand it, LDC has been selling the public's
- data in the original print-file format that they send to the Office of
- State Printing (OSP). Well, sez I, what's good enough for fee-exuding
- distributors should be good 'nuf fo' us po' folks.
- In fact, the print-files are essential if the full public record is to
- be distributed electronically: Please note that the print-file contents
- - the text and exact OSP print-commands - are essential for calculating
- page- and line-numbers - which ARE part of the public record. Providing
- anything less than the OSP print-files will be a failure to provide the
- full public record.
-
- THE SUBLIMINAL PART OF THE PUBLIC RECORD
- Interesting, huh? Print-commands appear subliminally in the public
- printed bills. They appear as semantically-meaningful text-changes, and
- they functionally appear as page-numbers and line-numbers - which have
- significant value in the legislative process.
-
- There certainly could be no objection to the Legislative Data Center also
- providing bills in other formats, such as the draft design presented in
- this paper or whatever they spend "much less than $20,000" dreaming up, as
- reported by the Assembly Office of Research. But, they must provide their
- OSP print-files. Otherwise they would fail to provide the full public
- legislative information as mandated in AB1624.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Thu, 17 Jun 1993 09:29:49 -0700
- From: Jim Warren <jwarren@WELL.SF.CA.US>
- Subject: File 9--6/17 AB1624: dumbed-down displays - ADDENDA
-
- Thursday, June 17, 1993
-
- Regarding my 6/14, "dumbing-down legislative displays w/o dumbing-down
- data": Some folks misconstrued this as a proposal that this be the
- *only* display and printing option offered - absolutely *not* the
- intent of my proposal.
-
- The whole issue with this bill is *MAXIMUM* PUBLIC ACCESS to
- legislative data.
-
- It is an essential principle that access be assured for as broad a
- spectrum of users a possible - even those with old and antiquated
- [cheap!] "digital eyeglasses," even those with Baudot-code machines
- (such as the many thousands that are still the standard across the
- deaf community).
-
- INTENDED TO ASSURE MAXIMUM ACCESS, EVEN FOR CITIZENS WITH MINIMUM
- EQUIPMENT The 6/14 note was no more than a proposal for how
- legislative information could be presented on terminals, displays and
- printers that *only* permit the ASCII character-set - given that the
- legislative files include semantically-significant strike-thru and
- italics text . I.e, the 6/14 proposal focused on assuring access to
- the many tens of thousands of citizens who still use devices that are
- limited only to ASCII characters - no underscore, no italics, no
- reverse-images, no strike-thru, no RTF, no PostScript, etc.
-
- ALSO WANT ACCESS TO FULL PRINT-FILES TO ALLOW ROBUST DISPLAY ON ROBUST
- GADGETS While that 6/14 proposal outlines how legislative data can be
- presented on very-limited devices, I am pushing for
- amendment-language that will guarantee public access to the full
- print-files - the files of text plus all the print-formatting
- commands that are sent by the Legislative Data Center (LDC) to the
- Office of State Printing (OSP) for use in calculating page- and
- line-numbers and for typesetting the fully-formatted bills for print
- publication in their official form.
-
- This is an issue because the Assembly's Chief Executive Officer has
- recommended determining "a [SINGLE!!] format most likely to satisfy
- public information needs." [My contention: The only one is the OSP
- print-files. From them, we can generate all other formats anyone
- desires.]
- Additionally, the Assembly Office of Research reports that LDC
- administrators want to "filter the data to a format usable by standard
- access of Internet" [sic].
-
- WHY NOT RTF OR SGML?
-
- Several months ago, the LDC Coordinator said that couldn't use RTF
- (Rich Text Format) nor SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language),
- that they had to use a home-grown they call CGML (California
- Generalized Markup Language) to represent all the formats used by the
- Legislature in its printed records. Ask 'em about it: Bill Eubanks,
- Director, LDC, 916-445-4966x715.
-
- The OSP print-files that we need to assure are available to the public
- are of limited value for ASCII-only devices, but are *essential* if we
- are to be able to emulate the page- and line-number calculations and
- display and print the information identical to its official printed
- form - useful for those who DO have appropriate more-than-ASCII
- displays, terminals and printers.
-
- For our maximum UTILITY we must assure that they don't dumb-down the
- data that they provide for public access.
-
- And for maximum ACCESS, we must assure that we provide dumbed-down
- *displays* as OPTIONS for those many citizens who have minimal
- equipment.
-
- Hope this clarifies the issues and my position. Jim Warren, columnist
- for MicroTimes, Government Technology & BoardWatch
- jwarren@well.sf.ca.us -or- jwarren@autodesk.com
-
- ------------------------------
-
- End of Computer Underground Digest #5.45
- ************************************
-