The Hacker's Encyclopedia 1998/hackers_encyclopedia.iso/zines/cud/cud1016.txt

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Computer underground Digest    Wed  Mar 4, 1998   Volume 10 : Issue 16
                           ISSN  1004-042X

       Editor: Jim Thomas ([e-mail])
       News Editor: Gordon Meyer ([e-mail])
       Archivist: Brendan Kehoe
       Shadow Master: Stanton McCandlish
       Shadow-Archivists: Dan Carosone / Paul Southworth
                          Ralph Sims / Jyrki Kuoppala
                          Ian Dickinson
       Field Agent Extraordinaire:   David Smith
       Cu Digest Homepage: http://www.soci.niu.edu/~cudigest

CONTENTS, #10.16 (Wed, Mar 4, 1998)

File 1--Renewed Federal and State attempts to censor Internet
File 2--In re CyberSitter (CuD 10.14)
File 3--Article by Allen Smith
File 4--"Internet Besieged: Countering Cyberspace Scofflaws", Dorothy E.
File 5--cj#781> *ALERT* Internet Vulnerability * COUNTERMEASURES *
File 6--1998-02-04 Executive Order on Year 2000 Conversion (fwd)
File 7--Cu Digest Header Info (unchanged since 7 May, 1997)

CuD ADMINISTRATIVE, EDITORIAL, AND SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION APPEARS IN
THE CONCLUDING FILE AT THE END OF EACH ISSUE.

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Fri, 13 Feb 1998 18:19:02 -0500 (EST)
From: [e-mail]
Subject: File *&*--Renewed Federal and State attempts to censor Internet

Source - ACLU Cyber-Liberties Update
         February 16, 1998

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Internet Censorship Legislation Takes Center Stage Again in Senate

Acting less than a year after the Supreme Court delivered a passionate
defense of free
speech on the Internet in Reno v. ACLU, a Senate committee held a
hearing on .Internet indecency. this week where Senators John McCain
(R-AZ) and Dan Coats (R-IN) called for support for two bills that seek
to regulate content and control access to sensitive or controversial
information on the Internet.

Commerce Committee Chairman McCain formally introduced legislation on
Monday that would require schools and libraries to block "indecent"
Internet sites or lose federal funds for online programs.  In defending
his proposal, McCain said that people should .give up. some of their
civil liberties to prevent the dissemination of .harmful. material on
the Net.

Senator Coats, who sponsored the ill-fated Communications Decency Act
that was held unconstitutional last year, also called for support on a
bill he introduced in November that would punish commercial online
distributors of material deemed "harmful to minors" with up to six
months in jail and a $50,000 fine.

The ACLU said that, if adopted, both bills would almost certainly face a
court challenge and would likely face the same fate as the
Communications Decency Act, which was unanimously overturned by the
Supreme Court last June.

In a letter to members of the Commerce Committee, ACLU Legislative
Counsel Gregory T. Nojeim said that the ACLU recognizes the "deeply felt
concerns of many parents about the potential abuse of information on the
Internet."

But, he said, the ACLU strongly believes that individual Internet users
must be given the right to access information and parents should not
abdicate responsibility to the government for determining which
information their children can see.

Under the Coats proposal, which was introduced last November, criminal
penalties could be leveled against "distributors," a designation that
could include the virtual bookstore amazon.com or a promotional site for
a Hollywood movie, as well as Internet Service Providers such as
Microsoft and America Online. And unlike the CDA, the Coats statute
would apply only to web sites, not to chat rooms, e-mail or news groups.

The new McCain legislation threatens speech in a completely different
way by cutting off federal funds to schools that do not implement
restrictive Internet access policies. Such a plan, the ACLU said, would
mean that teachers could not assign Internet research on subjects such
as female genital mutilation or the history of the Roe v. Wade abortion
rights case -- information that is typically blocked when filters are
installed, and that is otherwise available on the shelves of school and
public libraries.

The ACLU, along with other members of the Internet Free Expression
Alliance, (IFEA), which the ACLU co-founded, also submitted letters
objecting to online censorship efforts. Letters by Feminists for Free
Expression, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Electronic Privacy
Information Center (EPIC) and the National Coalition Against Censorship
are available online at the IFEA home page, at <http://www.ifea.net>

The ACLU and IFEA plan to fight the passage of both the McCain and Coats
bills.

The ACLU's letter to the Commerce Committee can be found at:
<http://www.aclu.org/congress/lg021098b.html>

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
New Mexico, Illinois, Rhode Island, Tennessee Consider Broad State
Internet Regulations

Despite the Supreme Court ruling in Reno v. ACLU, which granted the
highest level of First Amendment protection to the Internet, states are
busy crafting online censorship laws. At least 13 states have passed
laws since 1995, and several others are considering such bills.

Some particularly troublesome state legislation include recently
introduced bills in Tennessee, Rhode Island, New Mexico, and Illinois.
The bills are briefly described below:

Tennessee:
HB 3353, SB 3329, introduced 2/5/98.  Calls on the US Congress to create
a .domain code. for .adult oriented sites,. to facilitate users,
Internet Service Providers and software developers to .manage the
problem of uncontrolled access to obscenity, child pornography and other
adult oriented materials via the Internet..  The bill also includes the
following:

requires the creation of rules governing use of state computers and
sanctions for misuses;

requires public schools and libraries that operate computers with
Internet access to use software to block material, including,
pornography, obscentiy and other material .harmful to minors;.

imposes criminal liability on librarians, teachers, or any other
administrator who knowingly fails to comply with restrictions;

makes Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that provide services to
Tennessee residents criminally liable for any distribution, including by
third parties, of any harmful material.

Rhode Island:
GA Bill 11-9-21, introduced 1/98.  Criminalizes the use of computers for
.immoral and illegal purposes. involving children.  .Every person who,
by means of computer, knowingly compiles, enters, transmits, makes,
prints, publishes, reproduces, causes, allows, buys, sells, receives,
exchanges, or disseminates any notice, statement, advertisement, or
minor.s name... for the purposes engaging, facilitating, encouraging,
offering, or soliciting unlawful, sexual conduct and/or any felony or
misdemeanor shall be guilty of a felony..... (emphasis added)

New Mexico:
Senate Bill to amend 30-37-1, introduced 1/98.  Criminalizes the
transmission of .indecent material. to minors and requires the use of a
.mechanism such as labeling, segregation or other means that enables the
indecent material to be automatically blocked or screened by software or
other capability reasonably available....

Illinois:
HB 2558, introduced 1/27/98. Criminalizes the transmission of .harmful
material. to minors.

For more information about other state measures to regulate the
Internet, read the ACLU guide to online censorship in the states,
.Speech in America, ACLU in Brief,. available by calling
1-800-775-ACLU.

==============
About Cyber-Liberties Update:

ACLU Cyber-Liberties Update Editor:
A. Cassidy Sehgal ([e-mail])
American Civil Liberties Union
National Office 125 Broad Street,
New York, New York 10004

The Update is a bi-weekly e-zine on cyber-liberties cases and
controversies at the state and federal level. Questions or comments
about the Update should be sent to Cassidy Sehgal at [e-mail].
Past issues are archived at
<http://www.aclu.org/issues/cyber/updates.html>

To subscribe to the ACLU Cyber-Liberties Update, send a message to
[e-mail] with "subscribe Cyber-Liberties" in the body of your
message. To terminate your subscription, send a message to
[e-mail] with "unsubscribe Cyber-Liberties" in the body.

------------------------------

Date: Fri, 27 Feb 1998 20:15:00 -0700
From: Doc Holiday <[e-mail]>
Subject: File *&*--In re CyberSitter (CuD 10.14)

>From--"Robert J. Woodhead (AnimEigo)" <[e-mail]>
>Subject--File 3--Hacking Cybersitter (Cu Digest, #10.12, Wed 18 Feb 98)
>
>>Date--Tue, 17 Feb 98 15:04 EST
>>From-- Michael Gersten <[e-mail]>
>>Subject--File 5--Re--Cu Digest, #10.11, More on CyberSitter
>>
>>Programs like cybersitter, however, do not work that way. You cannot
>>tell ahead of time what they will block; often there is no way to
>>tell that your site is blocked. Although they claim to do it to
>>protect children from "unsuitable" material, that definition is
>>arbitrary, and often includes web pages that oppose such software,
>>or in some cases, any page hosted on the same site as one "unsuitable"
>>page.
>
>I've never played with cybersitter or similar programs, but it should be
>relatively trivial to write a program that emulates a browser and sends,
>say, every URL on Yahoo (it is trivial to write a spider to collect these)
>through the censorware, to determine what they are blocking.

The question is, why should we have to work to get around Brian Milburn's
censorship, (or should I say Focus on the Family, to think I used to be
intimately involved with them?)? You and I may be able to create an
application that could send CyberSitter every URL listed on Yahoo, but the
average parent can't and doesn't want to. The average parent should be able
to pick and choose what is blocked -- if they choose to block anything. As
usual, in this type of debate, the fact that a child who is supervised
while using the Internet by their parent has the best "filter" of all
installed is never mentioned.

No offense to anyone else out there, but it is beginning to seem -- with
this filterware debate -- that I spend more time supervising my dog, Lady
Joyous of Shasta, CD (Golden Retriever, the 'CD' means 'companion dog' and
is a result of winning obedience trials), than they do supervising their
kids.

>
>Similarly, it would be trivial to build a site that returns pages with
>subsets of every word in a large dictionary, so one could binary-chop and
>determine what words are red-flagged.
>
>The beauty of such a hack, of course, would be that one would not be
>cracking their encryption or hacking their program, but merely asking it to
>do what it was designed to do, and noting the responses.

This all seems like too much work. The persons who are able to do this,
won't want to take the time to do it, because they won't buy into Milburn's
tripe and the others, well, unfortunately, they will probably buy his tripe
and be none the wiser. By the way, I am still not convinced that breaking
the weak encryption on CyberSitter's software for your own information
would be illegal, either criminally or tortiously.

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 25 Feb 1998 14:19:00 -0700
From: "Moore, Mike W" <[e-mail]>
Subject: File *&*--Article by Allen Smith

I have been a reader of CuD for a few years now and have occaisionally
felt an urge to respond but never stronger than when I read this
article:

Date--Thu, 19 Feb 1998 23:07:31 -0500
From--Allen Smith <[e-mail]>

>Regarding the various censorware programs... everyone seems to be
>making the assumption that parents _do_ have the right to censor
>what their children see. But is this truly the case, in ethics if
>not in law?

If I don't have the right to control and monitor the information my
children receive, than who does? The guvmint? No one?

>We do not allow parents to keep their children from getting an
>education. We do not allow this even though that education can lead
>to those children learning things that will cause them to disagree
>with their parents.

Parents do not have the right to keep their children from an education
but with things like the PTA and school board meetings we do have some
control on the content of that education.

> We do not allow this even though that education
>can lead to those children learning things that will shock them -
>such as about war.

War is a fact and cannot be hidden, however are you going to show photos
of Aushwitz to a 3rd grade class or pictures of liberated villages whose
people are glad that some one stood up to fight when it was necessary.
Showing a little child pictures of horror will not end wars in the
future but it will frighted, shock, and disturb him. Is this the way we
want our small children to feel? I don't and will do everything I can to
block such sights from them until I think they're ready.

 <snipped lot pertaining to blocking software and examples>

>The same is true of other controversial topics, such as ones
>regarding violence. While there is some evidence (and much evidence
>against it) that viewing violence results in increased aggression,
>whether this is a problem depends on in what situations and against
>whom that aggression emerges.

Violence is a fact of life but it is my job as a parent to protect my
children from violence as long as I can. I fail to see how teaching
self-defence to an eight year old can protect them from violence from an
adult. I must and do teach my kids what they can do in a bad situation,
but I also try to teach them that in many instances violence is not as
ubiquitious as the media portrays. I don't hide the fact of violence and
hate from them but if I left it up to them to learn on their own, would
they not learn that it is unavoidable, everyone is evil, and they can do
nothing to escape it? Wouldn't it be more traumatic for my kids to live
paranoid and afraid? Because of the sensational nature of the really
heinous crimes, might they not think they are more prevelant then they
actually are? Of course I'm going to keep some of this from my kids
until I, no one else, decide that they are ready to handle it.

>Yes, as a previous poster said, a 10-year-old searching for
>information under "American Girl" may see things that will remain
>with that child for the rest of his or her life. But there is no
>evidence that this harms the child; there are a _lot_ of things that
>remain with people throughout their lives. Parents have the
>opportunity to do a lot of things that have this characteristic;
>should they be able to shut children off from others doing the same,
>if no harm is done to the child?

Maybe this stuff will do no permanent harm but they can be confusing to
a child without the maturity to handle it. The little folks have enough
problems living in the big folks world as it is. So I will keep things
from my kids that I don't think they are ready for.

It boils down to a matter of values, not the PC "Family Values" that are
being touted but the values that I've learned over the years and have
put into my own life. I will try to instill those values in my children
until such time as they are ready to develop their own. And I will do it
by "censorship" if I think that is the way it should be done.

------------------------------

Date: Fri, 20 Feb 1998 08:28:41 -0800
From: <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail]
Subject: File *&*--"Internet Besieged: Countering Cyberspace Scofflaws", Dorothy
 E.

BKINBSGD.RVW   971120

"Internet Besieged: Countering Cyberspace Scofflaws", Dorothy E.
Denning/Peter J. Denning, 1998, 0-201-30820-7
%A   Dorothy E. Denning [e-mail]
%A   Peter J. Denning
%C   P.O. Box 520, 26 Prince Andrew Place, Don Mills, Ontario M3C 2T8
%D   1998
%G   0-201-30820-7
%I   Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
%O   416-447-5101 fax: [phone]-3700
%O   Fax: [phone] [e-mail]
%P   547 p.
%T   "Internet Besieged: Countering Cyberspace Scofflaws"

As with the earlier "Computers Under Attack" (cf. BKDENING.RVW), this
book is a collection of papers related to the titular topic.  This
text is not just an updating of the earlier work, although some of the
same papers appear, having been revised and updated.  It is also more
narrowly focussed, with sections discussing the worldwide network,
Internet security, cryptography, secure electronic commerce, and
finally dealing with law, policy, and education.  The anthology style
is well suited to a constantly changing and still emergent field.

Under the scope of the worldwide network, there is an initial review
of the history of the net by Peter Denning.  Dorothy Denning follows
up with an overview of system security breaking methods over networks.
(While it is a fine and readable piece of work, the essay is not quite
as riveting as the interview with a system cracker in "Computer Under
Attack.")  As usual, the most interesting papers deal with real case
studies, such as the attack on Rome Labs.  Peter Neumann's brief piece
on the RISKS-FORUM archives indicates the value that the net can be in
protecting itself, since RISKS acts as a kind of repository memory of
attacks and weaknesses.  The even briefer article on securing the
information infrastructure is a kind of call to arms to pay attention
to security in important control systems.  Part one is finished off
with Eugene Spafford's computer virus paper; by now the classic short
work in the field.

Part two, specifically looking at Internet security, starts with
another case study; that of the Berferd attack on Bell Labs.  This is
followed by an overview of network security threats and protective
tools.  Two articles look at specific types of assaults: "sniffing",
which works because of the broadcast nature of many means of media
access, and "spoofing", which works because of the automatic
configuration and repair protocols intended to provide reliability.
An overview of password use looks primarily at technologies to make
password cracking more difficult.  Four security tools are introduced,
a GPS (Global Positioning System) based authentication scheme,
Tripwire, DIDS (Distributed Intrusion Detection System), and SATAN
(Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks).  Java security
also gets a thorough examination.

The section on cryptography starts with the development of the Data
Encryption Standard.  (It is indicative of the rate of change in this
field that the following article, looking at the breaking of two
recent cryptographic systems, doesn't cover the cracking of DES.  The
book was published just before that happened.)  There is a detailed
essay on the Internet Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) protocol, and a more
conceptual paper on authentication for distributed networks.  There is
also a taxonomy, or method of classifying, for key recovery encryption
systems.

Security of electronic commerce covers electronic commerce itself,
atomicity in electronic commerce (which determines the general
usefulness of a system), another overview of Internet security
vulnerabilities, digital forms of money and cash, ad identify misuse
and fraud.

The final part looks at social issues.  The law enforcement in
cyberspace address, coming as it does from a US federal agency, is
unsurprising in its call for key escrow.  Dorothy Denning follows up
with a more reasoned review of the market forces.  Bruce Sterling gets
two cracks at computers and privacy.  Eugene Spafford gets the hardest
job--looking at computer ethics--and does a decent and practical job.
There are two examples of use policies from universities, and a final,
very interesting, article on the inclusion of data security topics and
activities in the teaching of computer science concepts (rather than
the other way around).

Even within this limited frame of reference, the book cannot be
exhaustive.  When you start to consider the gaps that are missing,
like the international nature of many activities that make them
essentially immune to legal remedies, you also find that whole fronts
of the Internet siege are unmentioned, or only tangentially referred
to.  Spam, fraudulent scams, and chain letters claim many more victims
than do system crackers.

Still, this work is both interesting and valuable.  It should be of
particular use to the student or teacher of data security, although
there is much to hold the attention of any interested individual.

copyright Robert M. Slade, 1997   BKINBSGD.RVW   971120

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 23 Feb 1998 21:22:15 GMT
From: "Richard K. Moore" <[e-mail]>
Subject: File *&*--cj#781> *ALERT* Internet Vulnerability * COUNTERMEASURES *

Dear netizens,

Are you fully aware of how extremely fragile and vulnerable are Internet
infrastructures such as this list?   Did you know that any Internet server
(eg, "@sun.soci.niu.edu" or "@cpsr.org" or "@weber.ucsd.edu") can be taken
off the air at any time with no warning by a "mailbomb" attack?  ...that
your personal email address and web site can be incapacitated in the same
way?  ...and that there is no effective way to prevent such an attack nor
to defend against it?  Did you know such an attack can be conveniently
mounted by any sizable group of people who have an ideological axe to
grind, or by a smaller group with only minimal software support (to
automatically generate thousands of pseudo messages)?


~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~
~-=-=-=-=-=-=~THE DANGER IS REAL~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~

A successful attack of this kind was carried out last Summer against IGC
(Insitute for Global Communications), and IGC was promptly forced to close
down a Basque-related web site that a Spanish citizens' group had deemed to
be objectionable.    Phil Agre (RRE news service) published the first
announcemnt of the event that came to my attention:

  ~=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=~
| Date--Thu, 17 Jul 1997 15:34:17 -0700 (PDT)
| From--Maureen Mason <[e-mail]>
| Subject--IGC censored by mailbombers
|
| Hi Phil,
|
| [...]
|
| We host a site (http://www.igc.org/ehj) for a US group supporting Basque
| independence in Spain and France, and have gotten protest letters over the
| past 4 months saying that the site "suppports terrorism" because a section
| of it contains material on ETA, an armed group somewhat like the IRA in
| Northern Ireland, at http://www.igc.org/ehj/html/eta.html (the rest of the
| site includes material on human rights, politics, other Basque
| independence groups and hyperlinks to site with opposing views).
|
| But now the protest--fueled by ETA's kidnapping and killing of a
| Spanish politician this month--has turned into a serious
| "mailbombing" campaign against that is threatening to bring our
| servers to a halt.  We are also getting hundreds of legitimate
| protest messages, which we can handle.  What is damaging us is
| thousands of anonymous hits to our mail servers from hundreds of
| different mail relays, with bogus return addresses; there's not
| much we can do about these short of blocking access from hundreds
| of mail servers as new sources of mailbombings appear.
|
| Our other email users (we have 13,000 members) are having their
| mail tied up or can't reach it, and our support lines are tied
| up with people who can't access their mail.
|                  -=-=-=-=-=-=~-<snip>-~=-=-=-=-=-=-
|
  ~=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=~


Shortly after this posting, IGC (a "progressive" non-profit
service-provider) submitted to the demands of the attack and took down the
Basque-independence site.  The mailbombing then ceased.

The attack was not only successful, but it was very selective (a surgical
strike on IGC) - there was no general disruption of the net, minimal
collateral opposition was generated, and media and officaldom simply
ignored the episode (as far as I know).  If it had been an attack on some
corporate-operated server, and it had disrupted financial transactions, one
could well imagine headlines about "net terrorism" and perhaps prompt
legislation to "crack down" on "excessive" net freedoms.  (Notice how we
lose either way if such attacks become more prevelant.)


~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~
-=-=-=-=-=-=~WHY YOU SHOULD BE CONCERENED~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~

Is this something we need to be concerned with?

I suggest that it is; I will explain why; and I will recommend some simple
counter measures - cheap "fire insurance" if you will - that should be
promptly implemented by anyone who wants to retain some ability to "stay in
touch" in the event of determined mailbombing campaigns (or net-attacks of
any description).

Fast forward to "-=~COUNTER MEASURES~=-" if you're already sufficietly
"conerned" and want to skip to the chase.

The means by which serious, but selective, net disruption could be brought
about should be clear at this point... here's a fully plausible scenario:

                        -=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-
        Imagine that a group of the Christian-Coalition genre were to
        make an issue of the fact that many "liberal" servers and web-sites on
        the net support discusson of abortion, gay liberation, revolution,
        pornography, and socialism.  We've seen how even murder (of abortion
        doctors) has been a result of fundamentalist fervor - is there any
        reason to assume that a mail-bomb attack on "liberal God-denying net
        servers" would be considered "out of bounds" as a tactic to "stop the
        anti-christ" and slow the further erosion of "family values"?
                        -=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-

Substitute your own scenario if you prefer, but I hope it's clear that only
_intention_ stands between us and the loss of our networking.  If some
activist group - on their own or via encouragement and support of "others"
- takes it in their head to bring an end to widespread progressive
networking, they can do it.  And if legal remedies are attempted, it is
difficult to imagine anything effective coming out of Washington (or the UK
or Germany or etc) that wouldn't do us more harm than good.  My first
recommendation (:>) is to knock on wood and say "God willing" each time you
dial in to the net.

So the means and the danger are clear, and have been established by
precedent.  The remaining question is:
        Do we have any reason to expect that such an attack will in fact be
        mounted?

Here is one person's view, received this morning over the wsn list:

  ~=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=~
| Date--Mon, 23 Feb 1998
| From--<name suppressed>
| To: WORLD SYSTEMS NETWORK <[e-mail]>
| Subject--The REAL WAR yet to come
|
| This Iraq/US stand off business is just international snow ball
| fights.
|
| Get this, the US says they want Iraq to honour UN decisions but
| says in the same breath "we (the USA) will not honour UN
| decisions.  The Americans fall for that ?
|
| The REAL WAR will come when the USA will be attacked by
| people of conscience from the ground through the Internet.  The
| US Govt will subversively attempt to close down or disturb internet
| comunications to disrupt ground swells.  The only interests the US
| has is oil ! Fuelled by the Oil Companies.  Think about it.  This
| GREAT Technologically advanced nation is not a nation of
| electronic vehicles in the late 1990's.  Amateur futurists like myself
| could have predicted this scenario in 1960.  I think it is time that
| the world citizens of this planet set the record straight.
|
| Be prepared however for disconnection through the Internet !
|
  ~=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=~


The Oil Theory re/ Iraq is a bit simplistic, but the Effective Progressive
Activism Scenario is one to take very seriously.  There hasn't been a
"real" protest movement during the Internet era, not one within an
order-of-magnitude of, say, the sixties movements.  If such a movement were
to arise, if it were to create political discomfort for those in power, and
if the net were being used effectively for coordination and news
distribution (eg, worldwide distribution of videos of 'blacked out' protest
events) - then it would not be at all surprising if counter-measures were
undertaken.

In such an event, various governments might simply close down servers,
under some kind of conspiracy or riot-act charges.  Or a "spontaneous"
attack of the variety described above could be covertly encouraged and
supported.  The choice would be "theirs", and the tactics could be selected
on the basis of PR-effect & political expediency.  And the targets wouldn't
just be extremist groups, they'd be the whole progressive communications
infrastructure.  At least that's what would make obvious Machivellian sense
in such a scenario: nip problems in the bud, as it were.

As the US persists in its determination to deploy new weapons systems
against Iraq, and as global opposition grows and generalizes to the
sanctions as well, we could be on the very verge of a political movement
significant enough to show up on Washington's early-warning radar.  If the
net is doing its part in such a movement - as many of us are endeavoring to
encourage - we should not be surprised by a bud-nipping reactionary
response, in some adequately disguised or rhetorically justified form.

If not Iraq, then the MAI And National Sovereignty, or Disgust With
Corporate Political Domination, or, if we get our act together, All Of The
Above.  Corporate globalization has had easy sailing for too long, and has
made too many enemies - an energetic opposition movement is only a
spark-in-dry-grass away, by the estimate of this observer.

You may think Internet is Unsinkable, but even the Titanic had _some_
lifeboats; I suggest we don't steam unprepared into uncertain waters.


~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~
-=-=-=-=-=-=~COUNTER MEASURES~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~

What countermeasures are available to us?

The goal of countermeasures, I suggest, should be to facilitate
communication-by-other means among people and groups who have come to
depend on Internet in their political and educational activity.  Obviously
alternative communication means would be less effective than the net, but
in time of emergency _some_  connectivity will be preferable to total
isolation (ie: dependence on mass media for information).

My recommendation is to identify who your "key net contacts" are - people
whose presence you take for granted in your net communications, people you
are collaborating with, people who provide you with important information,
people who are likely to be in touch with others in an emergency situation.

The next step is to contact those people NOW - while you still can
conveniently - and exchange with them your phone numbers, fax numbers, and
postal addresses.  You might even go so far as to make preliminary
arrangements for "phone-tree" or "photocopy-tree" protocols for
distributing information, but most of us probably won't get around to that,
life being what it is.   The important thing is to have the necessary data
on hand well in advance of need.

If serious net disruption does occur, for whatever reason, it is critically
important to observe certain common-sense protocols in the use of phone and
fax numbers.  Effective anarchic communications require a certain finesse
and forethought.

For example, if you're a member of somone's email list (eg, cyberjournal)
you SHOULD NOT send faxes to the moderator such as: "Please tell me what's
going on, I'm curious".  That would jam up communications, and would lead
people to disconnect their fax machines.  Only contact "information source"
people if you have important information that needs to be shared, or if you
want to volunteer to be an "echo node" - to redistribute information to
others.  Other than that you should use your fax bandwidth to build up a
"peer" network and then try to connect as a group with wider neworking
efforts.

Much of our technology would continue to serve us: we could still use our
email software (Eudora or whatever) to create and manage our messages, but
we'd fax them to lists of recipients or we'd print them - for posting on
physical bulletin boards and kiosks or for copying and distributing.


~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~
-=-=-=-=-=-=~A REQUEST~=-=- re: NOW -=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~

I hereby invite those of you with whom I reguarly correspond, or who would
like to be on an emergency information-distribution network, to please send
me whatever contact details you'd like to make available.  Don't expect
accompanying comments to b

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 19 Feb 1998 14:19:55 -0600
From: [e-mail]
Subject: File *&*--1998-02-04 Executive Order on Year 2000 Conversion (fwd)

((MODERATORS' NOTE: The address of the poster who contributed the
following forward was lost in transit. But, thanks for the humor
anyway)).
 (A humor alert for the parody challenged):

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
                               THE WHITE HOUSE

                        Office of the Press Secretary
________________________________________________________________________
For Immediate Release
February 4, 1998


                                EXECUTIVE ORDER

                                 - - - - - - -

                              YEAR 2000 CONVERSION


    The American people expect reliable service from their
Government and deserve the confidence that critical government
functions dependent on electronic systems will be performed
accurately and in a timely manner.  Because of a design feature in
many electronic systems, a large number of activities in the
public and private sectors could be at risk beginning in the year
2000.  Some computer systems and other electronic devices will
misinterpret the year "00" as 1900, rather than 2000.  Unless
appropriate action is taken, this flaw, known as the "Y2K
problem," can cause systems that support those functions to
compute erroneously or simply not run.  Minimizing the Y2K problem
will require a major technological and managerial effort, and it
is critical that the United States Government do its part in
addressing this challenge.

    Accordingly, by the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is
hereby ordered as follows:

    Section 1.  Policy.  (a)  It shall be the policy of the
executive branch that agencies shall:

    (1) assure that no critical Federal program experiences
disruption because of the Y2K problem;

    (2) assist and cooperate with State, local, and tribal
governments to address the Y2K problem where those governments
depend on Federal information or information technology or the
Federal Government is dependent on those governments to perform
critical missions;

    (3) cooperate with the private sector operators of critical
national and local systems, including the banking and financial
system, the telecommunications system, the public health system,
the

transportation system, and the electric power generation system,
in addressing the Y2K problem; and

    (4) communicate with their foreign counterparts to raise
awareness of and generate cooperative international arrangements
to address the Y2K problem.

    (b) As used in this order, "agency" and "agencies" refer to
Federal agencies that are not in the judicial or legislative
branches.

    Sec. 2.  Year 2000 Conversion Council.  There is hereby
established the President's Council on Year 2000 Conversion (the
"Council").

    (a)  The Council shall be led by a Chair who shall be an
Assistant to the President, and it shall be composed of one
representative from each of the executive departments and from
such other Federal agencies as may be determined by the Chair of
the Council (the "Chair").

    (b)  The Chair shall appoint a Vice Chair and assign other
responsibilities for operations of the council as he or she deems
necessary.

    (c)  The Chair shall oversee the activities of agencies to
assure that their systems operate smoothly through the year 2000,
act as chief spokesperson on this issue for the executive branch
in national and international fora, provide policy coordination of
executive branch activities with State, local, and tribal
governments on the Y2K problem, and promote appropriate Federal
roles with respect to private sector activities in this area.

    (d)  The Chair and the Director of the Office of Management
and Budget shall report jointly at least quarterly to me on the
progress of agencies in addressing the Y2K problem.

    (e)  The Chair shall identify such resources from agencies as
the Chair deems necessary for the implementation of the policies
set out in this order, consistent with applicable law.

    Sec. 3.  Responsibilities of Agency Heads.  (a)  The head of
each agency shall:

    (1)  assure that efforts to address the Y2K problem receive
the highest priority attention in the agency and that the policies
established in this order are carried out; and

    (2)  cooperate to the fullest extent with the Chair by making
available such information, support, and assistance, including
personnel, as the Chair may request to support the accomplishment
of the tasks assigned herein, consistent with applicable law.

    (b)  The heads of executive departments and the agencies
designated by the Chair under section 2(a) of this order shall
identify a responsible official to represent the head of the
executive department or agency on the Council with sufficient
authority and experience to commit agency resources to address the
Y2K problem.

    Sec. 4.  Responsibilities of Interagency and Executive Office
Councils.  Interagency councils and councils within the Executive
Office of the President, including the President's Management
Council, the Chief Information Officers Council, the Chief
Financial Officers Council, the President's Council on Integrity
and Efficiency, the Executive Council on Integrity and Efficiency,
the National Science and Technology Council, the National
Performance Review, the National Economic Council, the Domestic
Policy Council, and the National Security Council shall provide
assistance and support to the Chair upon the Chair's request.

    Sec. 5.  Judicial Review.  This Executive order is intended
only to improve the internal management of the executive branch
and does not create any right or benefit, substantive or
procedural, enforceable at law or equity by a party against the
United States, its agencies, or instrumentalities, its officers or
employees, or any other person.


       WILLIAM J. CLINTON


       THE WHITE HOUSE,
       February 4, 1998.

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 7 May 1997 22:51:01 CST
From: CuD Moderators <[e-mail]>
Subject: File *&*--Cu Digest Header Info (unchanged since 7 May, 1997)

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End of Computer Underground Digest #10.16
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