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- Network Working Group J. Luciani
- Request for Comments: 2335 Bay Networks
- Category: Standards Track April 1998
-
-
- A Distributed NHRP Service Using SCSP
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Copyright Notice
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
-
- Abstract
-
- This document describes a method for distributing an NHRP service
- within a LIS [1]. This method uses the Server Cache Synchronization
- Protocol (SCSP) [2] to synchronize the client information databases
- held by NHRP Servers (NHSs) within a LIS.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- The keywords MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD,
- SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL, when they appear in this
- document, are to be interpreted as described in [4].
-
- NHRP Clients (NHCs) register their existence and reachability
- information with NHRP Servers (NHSs). There may be multiple NHSs in
- a given Logical IP Subnet (LIS). NHCs do not necessarily register
- with all NHSs in a LIS; however, all NHCs need to be able to query at
- least one NHS about any NHC within the LIS. Thus, the contents of
- the NHS databases in a LIS need to be synchronized across the LIS.
- The Server Cache Synchronization Protocol (SCSP) solves the
- generalized server synchronization/cache-replication problem for
- distributed databases and thus SCSP may be applied to the NHS
- database synchronization problem within the LIS.
-
-
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- Luciani Standards Track [Page 1]
-
- RFC 2335 NHRP Using SCSP April 1998
-
-
- SCSP is defined in two parts: the protocol independent part and the
- client/server protocol specific part. The protocol independent part
- is defined in [2] whereas this document will specify the
- client/server protocol specific part where NHRP is the client/server
- protocol.
-
- This document is separate from [2] because it was felt that it was
- desirable to allow the client/server protocol specific part
- specification for NHRP to progress independently from the protocol
- independent specification.
-
- 2. Overview
-
- All NHSs belonging to a Logical IP Subnet (LIS) [1] are said to
- belong to a Server Group (SG). An SG is identified by, not
- surprisingly, its SGID which is contained in a field in all SCSP
- packets. All SCSP packets contain a Protocol ID (PID) field as well.
- This PID field is set to 0x0002 to signify that SCSP synchronizing
- NHS databases as opposed to synchronizing some other protocol's
- databases (see Section B.2.0.1 of [2] for more details). In general,
- PIDs for SCSP will be assigned by IANA as described in Section C of
- [2]. In the case of NHRP, the client/server protocol specific
- specification was initially written at the same time as SCSP, and
- thus a PID=0x0002 was assigned by the author.
-
- SCSP places no topological requirements upon an NHRP SG. Obviously,
- however, the resultant graph of NHSs must span the set of NHSs to be
- synchronized. For more information about the client/server protocol
- independent part of SCSP, the reader is encouraged to see [2].
-
- When a SG is using SCSP for synchronization, an NHC will register
- with only one NHS, but the NHC MAY use any NHS in the SG. When an
- NHC wishes to leave a SG, the NHC MUST do one of the following: 1)
- the NHC MUST send an NHRP Purge Request for itself requesting a
- reply, and it MUST wait for an NHRP Purge Reply, 2) the NHC MUST keep
- the Request ID it used when registering itself in non-volatile RAM
- and use a Request ID larger than the one saved when re-registering,
- or 3) the NHC MUST not re-register for a time equal to the Holding
- Time specified in the previous registration. It is necessary to do
- one of the previous in order to prevent the unlikely case of race
- conditions from occurring during updated. In the case where method 2
- is used, the NHS with which the NHC registered uses its ID as the OID
- and the Request ID from the NHC as the CSA Sequence Number in the
- CSA(S) Record.
-
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- Luciani Standards Track [Page 2]
-
- RFC 2335 NHRP Using SCSP April 1998
-
-
- 3. Format of the CSA Record NHRP Specific Part
-
- CSA Records in SCSP contain a "Client/Server Protocol Specific Part"
- which contains the non-protocol independent information for a given
- server's cache entry.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Address Family Number | NHRP Protocol Type |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Snap |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Snap | NHRP Vers Num | Flags |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Request ID |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | State | Prefix Length | unused |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Maximum Transmission Unit | Holding Time |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Cli Addr T/L | Cli SAddr T/L | Cli Proto Len | Preference |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Client Subnetwork Address (variable length) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Client Subnetwork Subaddress (variable length) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Client Protocol Address (variable length) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
- The following six fields contain values specified in the common
- header of the mandatory part of an NHRP Registration Request or NHRP
- Purge Request packet which caused the
- creation/deletion/modification/update/etc. of an NHS's cache entry.
-
- Address Family Number
- Defines the type of "link layer" addresses being carried. This
- number is taken from the 'address family number' list specified in
- [3]. This field is the same field which would be supplied in an
- NHRP packet in the ar$afn field.
-
- NHRP Protocol Type
- This field is the same field which would be supplied in an NHRP
- packet in the ar$pro.type field.
-
- Snap
- This field is the same field which would be supplied in an NHRP
- packet in the ar$pro.snap field.
-
-
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- Luciani Standards Track [Page 3]
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- RFC 2335 NHRP Using SCSP April 1998
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- NHRP Vers Num
- This field indicates what version of generic address mapping and
- management protocol that is represented by this message. This
- field contains 0x01 for the NHRP protocol version 1. This field is
- the same field which would be supplied in an NHRP packet in the
- ar$op.version field.
-
- Flags
- Defined flags are as follows:
-
- 0 1
- 0 1
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- |U|A| unused |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
- U
- This is the Uniqueness bit.
-
- A
- When set, this bit specifies that the cache entry was created
- as a result of ATMARP client interaction with the NHS.
-
- Request ID
- This field contains the Request ID value placed in the cache entry
- of the NHS as a result of an NHRP Registration Request. This NHS
- is the NHS causing a synchronization event.
-
- State
- This field contains a value which represents the new state of the
- client.
-
- 0 - Client is registered and available.
- 1 - Client reregistered.
- 2 - Client has been purged.
- 3 - No such client data in server cache
-
- Note that a time-out of a cache entry does not cause a CSA Record
- to be sent because, if everything is working properly then all NHSs
- have the cache entry timing out at the same time. Thus, the
- individual NHSs would take the appropriate actions necessary.
-
- The following ten fields contain values specified in or derived from
- the CIE of an NHRP Registration Request or NHRP Purge Request packet
- which caused the creation/deletion/modification/update/etc. of an
- NHS's cache entry.
-
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- Luciani Standards Track [Page 4]
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- RFC 2335 NHRP Using SCSP April 1998
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- Prefix Length
- This field contains the internetwork layer address prefix length
- value covered by the cache entry being synchronized.
-
- Maximum Transmission Unit
- This field contains a value supplied by or derived from information
- in the CIE of the NHRP Registration Request packet.
-
- Holding Time
- The Holding Time field specifies the number of seconds remaining
- for which the Next Hop NBMA information specified in the CIE of the
- NHRP Registration Request is considered to be valid by the NHS
- initiating the synchronization event.
-
- Cli Addr T/L
- Type & length of next hop NBMA address (see [1]).
-
- Cli SAddr T/L
- Type & length of next hop NBMA subaddress (see [1]).
-
- Cli Proto Len
- This field holds the length in octets of the Client Protocol
- Address.
-
- Preference
- This field specifies the preference value for use of the next hop
- NBMA information specified.
-
- Client NBMA Address
- This is the client's NBMA address.
-
- Client NBMA SubAddress
- This is the client's NBMA subaddress.
-
- Client Protocol Address
- This is the client's internetworking layer address.
-
- 4. Values for SCSP Protocol Independent Part
-
- The following sections give values for fields of the SCSP Protocol
- Independent Part of the various SCSP messages.
-
- 4.1 Values for the SCSP "Mandatory Common Part"
-
- Protocol ID = 0x0002
- Sender ID Len = 0x04
- Recvr ID Len = 0x04
-
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-
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- Luciani Standards Track [Page 5]
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- RFC 2335 NHRP Using SCSP April 1998
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-
- See Section B.2.0.1 of [2] for a detailed description of these
- fields.
-
- 4.2 Values for the SCSP "CSAS Record"
-
- Cache Key Len = 0x04
- Orig ID Len = 0x04
-
- See Section B.2.0.2 of [2] for a detailed description of these
- fields.
-
- 5. Security Considerations
-
- Relevant security considerations are documented in [1] and [2].
-
- References
-
- [1] Luciani, J., Katz, D., Piscitello, D., Cole, B., and N.
- Doraswamy, "NMBA Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP)", RFC 2332,
- April 1998.
-
- [2] Luciani, J., Armitage, G., Halpern, J., and N. Doraswamy, "Server
- Cache Synchronization Protocol (SCSP)", RFC 2334, April 1998.
-
- [3] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC 1700,
- October 1994.
-
- [4] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
- Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
-
- Acknowledgments
-
- I would like to thank (in no particular order) Maxine Burns of ISR
- and Joel Halpern of Newbridge. I would also like to thank the
- members of the ION working group of the IETF, whose review and
- discussion of this document has been invaluable.
-
- Author's Address
-
- James V. Luciani
- Bay Networks, Inc.
- 3 Federal Street, BL3-03
- Billerica, MA 01821
-
- Phone: +1-978-916-4734
- EMail: luciani@baynetworks.com
-
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- Luciani Standards Track [Page 6]
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- RFC 2335 NHRP Using SCSP April 1998
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- Full Copyright Statement
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
-
- This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
- others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
- or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
- and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
- kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
- included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
- document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
- the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
- Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
- developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
- copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
- followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
- English.
-
- The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
- revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
-
- This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
- "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
- TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
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- HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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- Luciani Standards Track [Page 7]
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