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- Network Working Group A. Bressen
- Request for Comments: 2321 Cohesive Network Systems
- Category: Informational 1 April 1998
-
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- RITA -- The Reliable Internetwork Troubleshooting Agent
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
- not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
- memo is unlimited.
-
- Copyright Notice
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
-
- Abstract
-
- A Description of the usage of Nondeterministic Troubleshooting and
- Diagnostic Methodologies as applied to today's complex
- nondeterministic networks and environments.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- Increasingly, IETF efforts have been devoted to aiding network
- management, troubleshooting, and diagnosis. Results have included
- SNMP, cflowd, and RMON, and ongoing projects at the time of this
- writing include Universal Logging Protocol and Distributed
- Management. These tools work well within the horizon of
- deterministic situations in which the configuration of the network or
- relevant components is known or can be relatively easily determined.
- They do not well address many problems that are related to the
- complex internetworks we have today, such as:
-
- o Networks where the root bridge for a world-wide bridged
- network is suboptimally located, such as under the desk of a
- secretary who kicks off her shoes when she arrives in the
- morning.
- o Networks where a hub is located adjacent to a monitor that
- emits disruptive RF when displaying certain graphics.
- o Networks where an ISP and several of their customers use
- network 10.0.0.0 internally and do not hide RIP broadcasts from
- one another.
- o Networks where gateways are data-sensitive
- o Networks where vendors inadvertently ship units with
- duplicate MAC addresses to the same end-user or where all users
- have a tool for changing MAC addresses.
-
-
-
- Bressen Informational [Page 1]
-
- RFC 2321 RITA 1 April 1998
-
-
- In this document we introduce a new hardware-based tool for diagnosis
- and repair of network related hardware and software problems. This
- tool is best suited to addressing nondeterministic problems such as
- those described above. This tool has broad areas of application at
- all levels of the OSI model; in addition to uses in the physical,
- network, transport and application layers, it has been used to
- successfully address problems at the political and religious layers
- as well. RITA, the Reliable Internet Troubleshooting Agent, was
- developed initially at The Leftbank Operation (now known as Cohesive
- Network Systems, New England Division) based on a hardware platform
- supplied by Archie McPhee (Reference [1]). A typical RITA unit is
- depicted in Figure 1.
-
- comb neck body feet
- | | | |
- v v V V
- ,^/'/, ,______________________. ,
- i' ' / / =========<-
- / <o> `---------/ \ `
- .;__. ,__,--------. / ,
- / ,/ vv \ =========<-
- '-' `-----------------------' `
- ^ ^ ^
- | | |
- beak wattles legs
-
- Figure 1.
-
- 2. Specification
-
- A typical RITA is 51.25 cm long and yellow-orange in color. Either
- natural or artificial substances may be used for construction. RITA
- has very flexible characteristics, and thus can interoperate within
- fairly broad parameters. Unlike most other tools described in
- forthcoming RFC's, RITA does not require any IANA namespace
- management. It is not anticipated that versions will be
- incompatible, thus no versioning field is present. Interoperability
- testing may be conducted at a future meeting of the IETF.
-
- 3. Diagnostic Usage:
-
- RITA may be applied in two diagnostic fashions, however only one of
- these methods, described below in 3.1, has been refined to a state
- such that we feel comfortable publishing the methodology.
-
-
-
-
-
-
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- Bressen Informational [Page 2]
-
- RFC 2321 RITA 1 April 1998
-
-
- 3.1 The first method provides a broad-spectrum evaluation of
- quality of the entity tested, and is thus known as the BS eval test.
- This method can be used with great success on both deterministic and
- non-deterministic problems. Testing is performed by placing the RITA
- unit on top of a suspect piece of hardware, or, in the case of
- software, placing the unit on a packaged copy of the program, or hard
- copy of the source code.
-
- If the RITA does not get up and fly away, the hardware or software
- being tested is misconfigured, fubar, or broken as designed. While
- this method does identify all equipment and software as sub-optimal,
- Sturgeon's Law (see reference [5]) indicates that at least 90% of
- these results are accurate, and it is felt that a maximum 10% false
- positive result is within acceptable parameters.
-
- 3.2 The second method involves applications of traditional techniques
- of haruspication (see reference [3]) and to date has been practiced
- with much greater success using implements other than RITA. The
- absence of entrails in the RITA unit may contribute to this; future
- design enhancements may address this issue by the addition of
- artificial giblets.
-
- An alternative approach that has been discarded involved cleromantic
- principles (see reference [3]), and was known as "flipping the bird".
-
- 4. Corrective Usage:
-
- Corrective usage of RITA is most successful in dealing with the most
- difficult class of networking problems: those that seem to exhibit
- sporadic, non-deterministic behavior.
-
- RITA units enhance normal corrective measures of these problems,
- methods such as rebooting, reseating of components and connectors,
- changing tabs to spaces or vice-versa in configuration files, blaming
- third-party vendors, and use of ballistic implements to effect
- wholesale displacement of systems and software, to at least 100% of
- their normal efficacy.
-
- Specific Problem Methodologies:
-
- o Physical Layer: Wave RITA unit towards malfunctioning
- components.
- o Network Layer: Wave RITA unit towards malfunctioning
- components.
- o Transport Layer: Wave RITA unit towards malfunctioning
- components.
-
-
-
-
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- Bressen Informational [Page 3]
-
- RFC 2321 RITA 1 April 1998
-
-
- o Application Layer: Strike product vendor representative
- (or programmer, if available) with RITA, preferably on the top
- of the skull, while shouting, "Read The Fine RFC's comma darn
- it!"
- o Political Layer: Strike advocates of disruptive or
- obstructive policies with RITA, preferably on the top of the
- skull. In extreme cases insertion of RITA into bodily apertures
- may become necessary. WARNING: subsequent failure to remove RITA
- may cause further problems.
- o Religious Layer: Strike advocates of disruptive or
- obstructive religions, and their vendor representatives, with
- RITA, preferably on the top of the skull. In extreme cases, the
- RITA may be used as a phlactory, funerary urn, or endcap for
- bus-and-tag cables.
-
- 5. Further Work
-
- A RITA MIB is under development. This may require adding interface
- technology and hardware to RITA; a prototype is depicted in Figure 2.
-
- comb neck body feet
- | | | |
- v v V V
- ,^/'/, ,______________________. ,
- i' ' / / =========<-
- / <o> `---------/ \_____________m
- .;__. ,__,--------. / ,
- / ,/ vv \ =========<-
- '-' `-----------------------' `
- ^ ^ ^ ^
- | | | |
- beak wattles legs ethernet
-
- Figure 2.
-
- There has been to date no investigation of the possible use of RITA
- to implement RFC 1149.
-
- Additionally, this tool has been used with some success for dealing
- with non-network problems, particularly in the debugging of SCSI bus
- malfunctions.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Bressen Informational [Page 4]
-
- RFC 2321 RITA 1 April 1998
-
-
- 6. Security Considerations
-
- The RITA will only have serious impact on system security facilities
- if it is filled with lead shot. It does however, increase the
- personal security of system administrators; few network toughs are
- willing to face down a sysadmin armed with a RITA and a confident
- demeanor.
-
- 7. Citations and References
-
- [1] Postel, J., and J. Reynolds, "Instructions to RFC Authors", RFC
- 2223, October 1997.
-
- [2] McPhee, A., http://www.mcphee.com
-
- [3] http://www.clix.net/5thworld/no-osphere/3e/manteia.html
-
- [4] Waitzman, D., "Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers"
- RFC 1149, April 1990.
-
- [5] Raymond, E. (editor), "The New Hacker's Dictionary" 2nd ed., MIT
- Press, September 1993. ISBN 0-262-18154-1
-
- 8. Acknowledgments
-
- Initial Development of RITA, Editing, and excellent leather jacket
- provided by Bob Antia, first reading by John "cgull" Hood,
- illustrations done using equipment provided by Elizabeth Goodman and
- Gerry Goodnough.
-
- 9. Author's Address
-
- Andrew K. Bressen
- 72 Endicott Street
- Somerville, MA
-
- Phone: 617-776-2373
- EMail: bressen@leftbank.com, bressen@cohesive.com, bressen@mirror.to
-
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- Bressen Informational [Page 5]
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- RFC 2321 RITA 1 April 1998
-
-
- 10. Full Copyright Statement
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
-
- This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
- others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
- or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
- and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
- kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
- included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
- document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
- the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
- Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
- developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
- copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
- followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
- English.
-
- The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
- revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
-
- This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
- "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
- TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
- BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
- HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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- Bressen Informational [Page 6]
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