home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Network Working Group J. Solomon
- Request for Comments: 2290 Motorola
- Updates: 2002 S. Glass
- Category: Standards Track FTP Software
- February 1998
-
-
- Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option for PPP IPCP
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Copyright Notice
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
-
- Abstract
-
- Mobile IP [RFC 2002] defines media-independent procedures by which a
- Mobile Node can maintain existing transport and application-layer
- connections despite changing its point-of-attachment to the Internet
- and without changing its IP address. PPP [RFC 1661] provides a
- standard method for transporting multi-protocol packets over point-
- to-point links. As currently specified, Mobile IP Foreign Agents
- which support Mobile Node connections via PPP can do so only by first
- assigning unique addresses to those Mobile Nodes, defeating one of
- the primary advantages of Foreign Agents. This documents corrects
- this problem by defining the Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option to the
- Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) [RFC 1332]. Using this
- option, two peers can communicate their support for Mobile IP during
- the IPCP phase of PPP. Familiarity with Mobile IP [RFC 2002], IPCP
- [RFC 1332], and PPP [RFC 1661] is assumed.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
- 1.1. Specification Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
- 1.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
- 1.3. Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
- 1.4. Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
- 2. Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
- 2.1. Option Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
- 2.2. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 1]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- 2.3. High-Level Requirements for Non-Mobile-Nodes . . . . . . 7
- 2.4. High-Level Requirements for Mobile Nodes . . . . . . . . 8
- 2.5. Detailed Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
- 2.6. Example Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
- 3. Additional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- 3.1. Other IPCP Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- 3.2. Move Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- 5. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- 6. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
- 7. Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
- 8. Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- Mobile IP [RFC 2002] defines protocols and procedures by which
- packets can be routed to a mobile node, regardless of its current
- point-of-attachment to the Internet, and without changing its IP
- address. Mobile IP is designed to run over any type of media and any
- type of data link-layer. However, the interaction between Mobile IP
- and PPP is currently underspecified and generally results in an
- inappropriate application of Mobile IP when mobile nodes connect to
- the Internet via PPP.
-
- This document defines proper interaction between a mobile node [RFC
- 2002] and a peer through which the mobile node connects to the
- Internet using PPP. This requires the definition of a new option for
- IPCP [RFC 1332], named the "Mobile-IPv4" Configuration Option, which
- is defined in this document. The mobile node and the peer use this
- option to negotiate the appropriate use of Mobile IP over the PPP
- link.
-
- The Mobile-IPv4 option defined in this document is intended to work
- in conjunction with the existing IP-Address option [RFC 1332].
-
- 1.1. Specification Language
-
- The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
- "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
- document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
-
- 1.2. Terminology
-
- This document uses the following terms as defined in [RFC 2002]:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 2]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- Mobile Node
-
- A host or router that changes its point-of-attachment from one
- link to another. A mobile node may change its location without
- changing its IP address; it may continue to communicate with
- other Internet nodes at any location using its (permanent)
- home, IP address, assuming link-layer connectivity is available
- at its current location.
-
- Home Agent
-
- A router with at least one interface on a mobile node's home
- link. A home agent intercepts packets destined to a mobile
- node's home address and tunnels them to the mobile node's
- care-of address when the mobile node is connected to a foreign
- link. A mobile node informs its home agent of its current
- care-of address through an authenticated registration protocol
- defined by Mobile IP.
-
- Foreign Agent
-
- A router with at least one interface on a mobile node's
- (current) foreign link. When a mobile node uses a foreign
- agent's care-of address, the foreign agent detunnels and
- delivers packets to the mobile node that were tunneled by the
- mobile node's home agent. A foreign agent might also serve as
- a default router for packets sent by a registered mobile node.
-
- Peer
-
- The PPP peer of a mobile node. The mobile node's peer might
- support home agent functionality, foreign agent functionality,
- both, or neither.
-
- 1.3. Problem Statement
-
- In Mobile IP, packets sent to a mobile node's home address are routed
- first to the mobile node's home agent, a router on the mobile node's
- home link which intercepts packets sent to the home address. The
- home agent then tunnels such packets to the mobile node's care-of
- address, where the packets are extracted from the tunnel and
- delivered to the mobile node. There are two types of care-of
- addresses:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 3]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- Co-located Care-of Address
-
- An address temporarily assigned to a mobile node itself. In this
- case, the mobile node is the exit-point of the tunnel and
- decapsulates packets encapsulated for delivery by its home agent.
- A Co-located Care-of Address may be used by exactly one mobile
- node at any point in time.
-
- Foreign Agent Care-of Address
-
- An address of a foreign agent that has at least one interface on a
- mobile node's visited, foreign link. In this case, the foreign
- agent decapsulates packets that have been tunneled by the home
- agent and delivers them to the mobile node over the visited link.
- A Foreign Agent Care-of Address may be used simultaneously by many
- mobile nodes at any point in time.
-
- In Appendix B, Mobile IP [RFC 2002] currently specifies only the
- following with respect to PPP:
-
- "The Point-to-Point-Protocol (PPP) [RFC 1661] and its Internet
- Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) [RFC 1332], negotiates [sic] the
- use of IP addresses.
-
- "The mobile node SHOULD first attempt to specify its home address,
- so that if the mobile node is attaching to its home [link], the
- unrouted link will function correctly. When the home address is
- not accepted by the peer, but a transient IP address is
- dynamically assigned to the mobile node, and the mobile node is
- capable of supporting a co-located care-of address, the mobile
- node MAY register that address as a co-located care-of address.
- When the peer specifies its own IP address, that address MUST NOT
- be assumed to be a foreign agent care-of address or the IP address
- of a home agent."
-
- Inspection of this text reveals that there is currently no way for
- the mobile node to use a foreign agent care-of address, without first
- being assigned a unique IP address, even if the peer also supports
- foreign agent functionality. The reason for this can be seen by
- walking through the IPCP negotiation:
-
- 1. A mobile node connects to a peer via PPP and proposes its home
- address in an IPCP Configure-Request containing the IP-Address
- option. In this scenario, we assume that the mobile node is
- connecting to some foreign link.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 4]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- 2. The peer has no way of knowing whether this Configure-Request was
- received from: (a) a mobile node proposing its home address; or
- (b) a conventional node proposing some topologically non-routable
- address. In this case, the peer must (conservatively) send a
- Configure-Nak of the IP-Address option supplying a topologically
- appropriate address for use by the node at the other end of the
- PPP link.
-
- 3. The mobile node, in turn, has no way of knowing whether this
- Configure-Nak was received because the peer is a foreign agent
- being conservative, or because the peer does not implement Mobile
- IP at all. Therefore, the mobile node must (conservatively)
- assume that the peer does not implement Mobile IP and continue
- the negotiation of an IP address in IPCP, after which point the
- mobile node can use the assigned address as a co-located care-of
- address.
-
- Here we observe that, even if the mobile node's peer is a foreign
- agent and sends an Agent Advertisement to the mobile node after IPCP
- reaches the Opened state, the mobile node will still have negotiated
- a routable address in step 3, which it is likely already using as a
- co-located care-of address. This defeats the purpose of foreign
- agent care-of addresses, which are designed to be shared by multiple
- mobile nodes and to eliminate the need to assign a unique address to
- each mobile node.
-
- 1.4. Requirements
-
- The purpose of this document is to specify the behavior of both ends
- of the PPP link when one or more of the PPP peers supports Mobile IP.
- Specifically, the design of the option and protocol defined in this
- document is based upon the following requirements:
-
- 1. The option and protocol described in this document must be
- backwards compatible with conventional nodes and their potential
- peers which do not implement this option nor any Mobile IP
- functionality.
-
- 2. The option and protocol described in this document must
- accommodate a variety of scenarios, minimally those provided in
- the examples of Section 2.6.
-
- 3. The option and protocol described in this document must not
- duplicate any functionality already defined in other IPCP
- options; specifically, the IP-Address option.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 5]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- 4. A unique address must not be assigned to a mobile node unless
- absolutely necessary. Specifically, no such address is assigned
- to a mobile node that connects via PPP to its home link or a
- mobile node that connects via PPP to a foreign agent (and uses
- that foreign agent's care-of address).
-
- 2. Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option
-
- This section defines the Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option and
- provides several examples of its use.
-
- 2.1. Option Format
-
- The Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option for IPCP is defined as follows:
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | Mobile Node's ...
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- ... Home Address |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
- Type
-
- 4 (Mobile-IPv4)
-
- Length
-
- 6 (The length of this entire extension in bytes)
-
- Mobile Node's Home Address
-
- In a Configure-Request, the IP home address of the mobile node
- sending this Configuration Option, otherwise the (unmodified) IP
- home address of the mobile node when sent in a Configure-Ack or
- Configure-Reject. Configure-Nak'ing this option is undefined and
- MUST NOT be sent by implementations complying with this version of
- the specification. This field MUST NOT be zero.
-
- Default Value
-
- The Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option defaults to the sending
- mobile node's home address.
-
- In describing the operation of the Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option
- (in conjunction with the IP-Address Configuration Option), we use the
- following abbreviations:
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 6]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- PPP Message Types:
- Request = Configure-Request
- Reject = Configure-Reject
- Ack = Configure-Ack
- Nak = Configure-Nak
-
- IPCP Configuration Options:
- MIPv4 = Mobile-IPv4
- IP = IP-Address
-
- IP addresses:
- a.b.c.d = some non-zero IP address
- w.x.y.z = some non-zero IP address other than a.b.c.d
- home = a mobile node's IP Home address
- coa = an IP Care-Of Address
- 0 = the all-zeroes IP address (0.0.0.0)
-
- 2.2. Overview
-
- The Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option is designed to be used in
- conjunction with the IP-Address Configuration Option. For the
- convenience of implementors, the detailed description in section 2.5
- includes all possible combinations of these two options that might be
- sent by a PPP peer during IPCP. Along with each possibility is a
- description of how the receiver should interpret the contents as well
- as a suggested course of action.
-
- 2.3. High-Level Requirements for Non-Mobile-Nodes
-
- A node that is not performing mobile node functionality (such as
- non-Mobile-IP-aware nodes as well as nodes performing only home agent
- functionality, foreign agent functionality, or both) MUST NOT include
- a Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option within any Configure-Request
- message. As per [RFC 1332], such a node SHOULD send a Configure-
- Request containing an IP-Address Configuration Option in which the
- IP-Address field is set to a non-zero IP address that the node has
- assigned to one of its interfaces. If an explicit IP address has
- been assigned to the node's PPP interface then this address SHOULD be
- sent in preference to any of the node's other addresses.
-
- A node MUST NOT send a Configure-Nak containing a Mobile-IPv4
- Configuration Option. Doing so is currently "undefined" and might
- cause interoperability problems when a useful meaning for Configure-
- Nak is ultimately defined for the Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option.
- A node that sends a Configure-Ack containing a Mobile-IPv4
- Configuration Option SHOULD send an Agent Advertisement [RFC 2002]
- immediately upon IPCP for that link entering the Opened state.
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 7]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- 2.4. High-Level Requirements for Mobile Nodes
-
- A mobile node SHOULD begin its IPCP negotiation by sending the
- Configure-Request described in either item #1 or item #4 in Section
- 2.5. The mobile node MAY begin its negotiation with one of the other
- numbered items in Section 2.5 under extenuating circumstances.
-
- A mobile node that receives a Configure-Ack containing a Mobile-IPv4
- Configuration Option MUST receive an Agent Advertisement, possibly in
- response to an Agent Solicitation, before sending a Registration
- Request [RFC 2002] if that mobile node is connecting to a foreign
- link. This is because the peer might be a foreign agent that
- enforces a policy which requires a mobile node to register with that
- foreign agent even if the mobile node is using a co-located care-of
- address. A mobile node need not wait for such an advertisement if it
- connects to its home link. See item 7a in section 2.5 for one way in
- which a mobile node can determine if it has connected to its home
- link. Another way is by receiving an explicit notification of this
- fact from its peer, such as receipt of the messages in items 1b, 2c,
- and 3a in section 2.5.
-
- A mobile node that receives a Configure-Reject containing a Mobile-
- IPv4 Configuration Option SHOULD fall back to IPCP negotiation using
- the IP-Address option [RFC 1332]. A mobile node SHOULD begin this
- negotiation with Request(IP=home) or Request(IP=0), depending on
- whether or not the mobile node is connecting to its home link,
- respectively. A mobile node MAY make this determination by
- inspection of an IP-Address option contained within a Configure-
- Request sent by its peer. If the prefix of the peer's stated IP-
- address is equal to the prefix of the mobile node's home address,
- then the mobile node MAY conclude that it is connecting to its home
- link. Otherwise, if the mobile node is connecting to a foreign link,
- then the mobile node SHOULD send Request(IP=0) since its peer might
- have no means for assigning addresses other than IPCP. This
- specification therefore updates this behavior as described in [RFC
- 2002], the latter of which recommends that a mobile node begin IP-
- Address negotiation with Request(IP=Home) under all circumstances.
-
- A peer that is performing neither home agent nor foreign agent
- functionality SHOULD send a Reject in response to any Request
- received from its peer that contains a Mobile-IPv4 Configuration
- Option.
-
- 2.5. Detailed Description
-
- The numbered items below show all possible combinations of Mobile-
- IPv4 and IP-Address Configuration Options that a mobile node (or a
- conventional node) might send to its peer. Mobile nodes SHOULD begin
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 8]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- their IPCP negotiation with item #1 or item #4 depending on whether
- they prefer a co-located or a foreign agent care-of address
- respectively. The lettered items list the possible legal responses
- that a peer might send to the mobile node (or conventional node) in
- response to the numbered Request.
-
- In each case, an interpretation is defined and a suggested course of
- action is provided. Finally, it is believed that the presentation
- below has the advantages of conciseness and precision in comparison
- to an equivalent presentation in "prose form."
-
- 1. Request(IP=0,MIPv4=home) means "I prefer a co-located care-of
- address to a foreign agent care-of address." Peer MUST respond
- with one of the following:
-
- a. Nak(IP=coa) means "use coa as your co-located care-of
- address". Goto 2.
- b. Nak(IP=home) means "you're at home and don't need a care-of
- address". Goto 3.
- c. Reject(IP=0) means "I cannot assign a co-located care-of
- address but you're welcome to use me as a foreign agent".
- Goto 4.
- d. Reject(MIPv4=home) means "I do not implement the Mobile-IPv4
- option". If the peer also sent Request(IP=address) and the
- prefix of the peer's assigned address is equal to that of the
- mobile node's home address, then goto 6 with a.b.c.d=home;
- otherwise, goto 5.
- e. Reject(IP=0,MIPv4=home) means "use the default". Goto 7.
-
- => Ack(IP=0, ...), Nak(MIPv4=any, ...) MUST NOT be sent.
-
- 2. Request(IP=coa,MIPv4=home) means "I want to use coa as my co-
- located care-of address." Peer MUST respond with one of the
- following:
-
- a. Ack(IP=coa,MIPv4=home) means "ok, use coa as your co-located
- care-of address; be sure to wait for an advertisement."
- Opened.
- b. Nak(IP=alternate-coa) means "no, use alternate-coa as your
- co-located care-of address". Goto 2.
- c. Nak(IP=home) means "you're at home and don't need a co-
- located care-of address". Goto 3.
- d. Reject(IP=coa) means "coa is not a useful value for a co-
- located care-of address on this link and I cannot assign a
- useful one (or I will not negotiate the IP-Address option) --
- you may use me as a foreign agent". Goto 4.
-
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 9]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- e. Reject(MIPv4=home) means "I do not implement the Mobile-IPv4
- option". If the peer also sent Request(IP=address) and the
- prefix of the peer's address is equal to that of the mobile
- node's home address, then goto 6 with a.b.c.d=home;
- otherwise, goto 5.
- f. Reject(IP=coa,MIPv4=home) means "use the default". Goto 7.
-
- => Nak(MIPv4=any, ...) MUST NOT be sent.
-
- 3. Request(IP=home,MIPv4=home) means "I think I'm at home but if I'm
- wrong then I prefer a co-located care-of address to a foreign
- agent care-of address." Peer MUST respond with one of the
- following:
-
- a. Ack(IP=home,MIPv4=home) means "yes, you're at home". Opened.
- b. Nak(IP=coa) means "you're not at home, use coa as your co-
- located care-of address". Goto 2.
- c. Reject(IP=home) means "you're not at home and I cannot assign
- a co-located care-of address (or I will not negotiate the
- IP-Address option) -- you may use me as a foreign agent".
- Goto 4.
- d. Reject(MIPv4=home) means "I do not implement the Mobile-IPv4
- option". If the peer also sent Request(IP=address) and the
- prefix of the peer's address is equal to that of the mobile
- node's home address, then goto 6 with a.b.c.d=home;
- otherwise, goto 5.
- e. Reject(IP=home,MIPv4=home) means "use the default". Goto 7.
-
- => Nak(MIPv4=any, ...) MUST NOT be sent.
-
- 4. Request(MIPv4=home) means "I want to run Mobile IP over this link
- and I don't want a co-located care-of address." Peer MUST respond
- with one of the following:
-
- a. Ack(MIPv4=home) means "ok, wait for an advertisement to
- figure out where you are." Opened.
- b. Reject(MIPv4=home) means "I do not implement the Mobile-IPv4
- option". If the peer also sent Request(IP=address) and the
- prefix of the peer's address is equal to that of the mobile
- node's home address, then goto 6 with a.b.c.d=home;
- otherwise, goto 5.
-
- => Nak(MIPv4=any, ...) MUST NOT be sent.
-
- 5. Request(IP=0) means "Please assign an address/co-located-care-
- of-address". Peer MUST respond with one of the following:
-
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 10]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- a. Nak(IP=a.b.c.d) means "use a.b.c.d as your address/co-
- located-care-of-address". Goto 6.
- b. Reject(IP=0) means "I cannot assign an address (for the
- Mobile Node to use as a co-located-care-of-address), or I do
- not implement the IP-Address option". Goto 7.
-
- => Ack(IP=0) MUST NOT be sent and historically means "I don't
- know your address either". Opened. An implementation MUST
- NOT use 0 as its IP address upon receiving Ack(IP=0) but MAY
- use some other, non-zero, interface address for packets sent
- on its PPP interface.
-
- 6. Request(IP=a.b.c.d) means "I want to use a.b.c.d as my
- address/home-address/co-located-care-of-address". Peer MUST
- respond with one of the following:
-
- a. Ack(IP=a.b.c.d) means "ok, a.b.c.d is your address/home-
- address/co-located-care-of-address". Opened.
- b. Nak(IP=w.x.y.z) means "no, use w.x.y.z as your address/home-
- address/co-located-care-of-address". Goto 6.
- c. Reject(IP=a.b.c.d) means "a.b.c.d is a bad address to use,
- but I cannot give you a good one" or "I do not implement the
- IP-Address option". Goto 7.
-
- 7. Request() means "I want to use the default". Peer MUST respond
- with one of the following:
-
- a. Ack() means "ok, use the default". Opened.
-
- In this case the mobile node will use the "default" values of
- the IP-Address option (no address configured by IPCP) and the
- Mobile-IPv4 option (the mobile node's IP home address). The
- mobile node SHOULD send Agent Solicitations to see if there
- are any agents present on the current link. (Note that the
- current "link" might also include a shared medium if the
- mobile node's PPP peer is a bridge.) If an agent is present
- and the mobile node receives an Agent Advertisement, then the
- mobile node employs its move-detection algorithm(s) and
- registers accordingly.
-
- In any case, if the mobile node's peer supplied an IP-Address
- option containing a non-zero value within an IPCP Configure-
- Request, the mobile node MAY use this address to determine
- whether or not it is connected to its home link. This can be
- accomplished by comparing the stated IP address with the
- mobile node's home address under the prefix-length associated
- with the home link. If the mobile node is connected to its
- home link then it SHOULD de-register with its home agent.
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 11]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- Otherwise, the mobile node MAY attempt to obtain a
- topologically routable address through any of its supported
- means (e.g., DHCP, manual configuration, etc.) for use as a
- co-located care-of address. If the mobile node is successful
- in obtaining such an address then it SHOULD register this
- address with its home agent.
-
- => Nak(IP=0) MUST NOT be sent. Goto 6.
-
- => Nak() MUST NOT be sent.
-
- => Reject() MUST NOT be sent.
-
- 2.6. Example Scenarios
-
- This section illustrates the use of the option and protocol as
- defined in the previous sections. In the examples which follow, a
- Configure-Request sent by a mobile node and the response generated by
- the peer are shown on the same line. The number and letter to the
- left of each request/response refer to the numbered and lettered
- items in Section 2.5.
-
- A. A mobile node prefers a co-located care-of address and the peer
- is a foreign agent that is capable of assigning such an address:
-
- (1)(a) Request(IP=0,MIPv4=Home) / Nak(IP=coa)
- (2)(a) Request(IP=coa,MIPv4=Home) / Ack(IP=coa,MIPv4=Home)
-
- - Mobile node waits to receive an Agent Advertisement.
- - If (Advertisement has R-bit set) then
- Mobile node registers using co-located care-of address via
- the foreign agent;
- else
- Mobile node registers using co-located care-of address
- directly with its home agent.
-
- B. A mobile node prefers a co-located care-of address and the peer
- is a foreign agent that cannot assign a co-located care-of
- address (e.g., it has no pool of addresses from which to allocate
- for the purpose of assignment):
-
- (1)(c) Request(IP=0,MIPv4=Home) / Reject(IP=0)
- (4)(a) Request(MIPv4=Home) / Ack(MIPv4=Home)
-
- - IPCP completes.
- - Mobile node waits to receive an Agent Advertisement.
- - Mobile node registers using the peer's foreign agent care-of
- address with its home agent.
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 12]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- C. A mobile node prefers a co-located care-of address and the peer
- determines that the mobile node's home address is such that the
- mobile node is connecting to its home link:
-
- (1)(b) Request(IP=0,MIPv4=Home) / Nak(IP=Home)
- (3)(a) Request(IP=Home,MIPv4=Home) / Ack(IP=Home,MIPv4=Home)
-
- - IPCP completes.
- - Mobile node de-registers with its home agent.
-
- D. A mobile node prefers a foreign agent care-of address and the
- peer is a foreign agent which finds this state of affairs
- satisfactory:
-
- (4)(a) Request(MIPv4=Home) / Ack(MIPv4=Home)
-
- - IPCP completes.
- - Mobile node waits to receive an Agent Advertisement.
- - Mobile node registers using the peer's foreign agent care-of
- or de-registers at home, depending on the values in the Agent
- Advertisement.
-
- E. A mobile node prefers a co-located care-of address and the peer
- does not implement the Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option. The
- peer is, however, capable of assigning dynamic addresses:
-
- (1)(d) Request(IP=0,MIPv4=Home) / Reject(MIPv4=Home)
- (5)(a) Request(IP=0) / Nak(IP=a.b.c.d)
- (6)(a) Request(IP=a.b.c.d) / Ack(IP=a.b.c.d)
-
- - IPCP completes.
- - Mobile node registers using a.b.c.d as a co-located care-of
- address with its home agent.
-
- F. A mobile node prefers a co-located care-of address and the peer
- does not implement the Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option. The peer
- is not capable of assigning dynamic addresses:
-
- (1)(e) Request(IP=0,MIPv4=Home) / Reject(IP=0,MIPv4=Home)
- (7)(a) Request() / Ack()
-
- - IPCP completes.
- - Mobile node sends an Agent Solicitation and/or attempts to
- obtain a co-located care-of address via means outside IPCP
- (e.g., DHCP or manual configuration), or it gives up.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 13]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- 3. Additional Requirements
-
- 3.1. Other IPCP Options
-
- A mobile node MUST NOT include the deprecated IP-Addresses option in
- any Configure-Request that contains a Mobile-IPv4 option, an IP-
- Address option, or both.
-
- Conversely, the mobile node MAY include an IP-Compression-Protocol
- option and any other options that do not involve the negotiation of
- IP addresses.
-
- If a mobile node and a foreign agent or a home agent agree in IPCP to
- use Van Jacobson Header Compression [RFC 1144], then the mobile node
- MUST NOT set the 'V' bit in its ensuing Mobile IP Registration
- Request [RFC 2002]. If the PPP peer entities are utilizing VJ header
- compression there is no gain for the mobile ip entities to do so, and
- requesting this option is likely to cause confusion.
-
- 3.2. Move Detection
-
- Mobile nodes that connect via PPP MUST correctly implement PPP's
- IPCP, since movement by the mobile node will likely change its PPP
- peer. Specifically, mobile nodes MUST be prepared to renegotiate
- IPCP at any time, including, the renegotiation of the IP-Address
- Configuration Option and the Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option
- described in this document. As per [RFC 1661], a mobile node in the
- Opened state MUST renegotiate IPCP upon receiving an IPCP Configure-
- Request from its peer.
-
- Also note that certain wireless links can employ handoff and proxying
- mechanisms that would not necessarily require bringing down a PPP
- link but would indeed require a mobile node to register with a new
- foreign agent. Therefore, mobile nodes which connect to an agent via
- PPP MUST employ their move detection algorithms (see section 2.4.2 in
- [RFC 2002]) and register whenever they detect a change in
- connectivity.
-
- Specifically, a mobile node that fails to receive an Agent
- Advertisement within the Lifetime advertised by its current foreign
- agent, MUST assume that it has lost contact with that foreign agent
- (see Section 2.4.2.1, [RFC 2002]). If, in the mean time, the mobile
- node has received Agent Advertisements from another foreign agent,
- the mobile node SHOULD immediately register with that foreign agent
- upon timing out with its current foreign agent.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 14]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- Likewise, a mobile node that implements move detection based upon the
- Prefix-Length Extension MUST compare the prefix of any advertising
- agents with that of its current foreign agent (see Section 2.4.2.2,
- [RFC 2002]). If such a mobile node receives an Agent Advertisement
- from a foreign agent specifying a different prefix than that of its
- current foreign agent, then the mobile node that employs this method
- of move detection MUST register with that new foreign agent.
-
- A mobile node MAY treat PPP link-establishment as a sufficient reason
- to proceed with a new Mobile IP registration. Section 2 defines the
- circumstances under which mobile nodes MUST wait for an Agent
- Advertisement before registering. Accordingly, foreign agents and
- home agents SHOULD send an Agent Advertisement over a PPP link
- immediately after IPCP for that link enters the Opened state.
-
- 4. Security Considerations
-
- This document introduces no known security threats over and above
- those facing any node on the Internet that either connects via PPP or
- implements Mobile IP or both. Specifically, service providers should
- use cryptographically strong authentication (e.g., CHAP [RFC 1994])
- to prevent theft-of-service. Additionally, users requiring
- confidentiality should use PPP link encryption [RFC 1968], IP-layer
- encryption [RFC 1827], or application-layer encryption, depending
- upon their individual requirements. Finally, Mobile IP
- authentication [RFC 2002] protects against trivial denial-of-service
- attacks that could otherwise be waged against a mobile node and its
- home agent.
-
- 5. References
-
- [RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
- Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
-
- [RFC 1144] Jacobson, V., "Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low-Speed
- Serial Links", RFC 1144, January 1990.
-
- [RFC 1332] McGregor, G., "The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol
- (IPCP)," RFC 1332, May 1992.
-
- [RFC 1661] Simpson, W., Editor, "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
- for the Transmission of Multi-protocol Datagrams over Point-to-
- Point Links", STD 51, RFC 1661, July 1994.
-
- [RFC 1827] Atkinson, R., "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)",
- RFC 1827, August 1995.
-
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 15]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- [RFC 1994] Simpson, W., "PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication
- Protocol (CHAP)", RFC 1994, August 1996.
-
- [RFC 1968] Meyer, G., "The PPP Encryption Control Protocol (ECP)",
- RFC 1968, June 1996.
-
- [RFC 2002] Perkins, C., Editor, "IP Mobility Support", RFC 2002,
- October 1996.
-
- 6. Acknowledgments
-
- The design of this protocol and option were inspired by an earlier
- submission by B. Patel and C. Perkins, then of IBM, in a now expired
- internet draft. Also, some of William Simpson's text was copied
- verbatim from [RFC 1661] in order to ensure consistency of
- terminology and specification. The same goes for some of Charlie
- Perkins' definitions, and other relavent text, from [RFC 2002].
-
- Tim Wilson and Chris Stanaway (Motorola) contributed significantly to
- the design of this Configuration Option and protocol specification.
- Special thanks to Vernon Schryver (SGI), Craig Fox (Cisco), Karl Fox
- (Ascend), and John Bray (FTP) for their helpful suggestions,
- comments, and patience.
-
- 7. Authors' Addresses
-
- Jim Solomon
- Motorola, Inc.
- 1301 E. Algonquin Rd. - Rm 2240
- Schaumburg, IL 60196
-
- Phone: +1-847-576-2753
- Fax: +1-847-576-3240
- EMail: solomon@comm.mot.com
-
-
- Steven Glass
- FTP Software, Inc.
- 2 High Street
- North Andover, MA 01845
-
- Phone: +1-508-685-4000
- Fax: +1-508-684-6105
- EMail: glass@ftp.com
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 16]
-
- RFC 2290 Mobile-IPv4 Option for PPP IPCP February 1998
-
-
- 8. Full Copyright Statement
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
-
- This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
- others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
- or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
- and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
- kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
- included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
- document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
- the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
- Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
- developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
- copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
- followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
- English.
-
- The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
- revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
-
- This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
- "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
- TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
- BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
- HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Solomon & Glass Standards Track [Page 17]
-
-