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- Network Working Group K. Murakami
- Request for Comments: 2173 M. Maruyama
- Category: Informational NTT Laboratories
- June 1997
-
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- A MAPOS version 1 Extension - Node Switch Protocol
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
- does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- This document describes a MAPOS extension, Node Switch Protocol, for
- automatic node address assignment. MAPOS is a multiple access
- protocol for transmission of network-protocol datagrams, encapsulated
- in High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames, over SONET/SDH. NSP
- automates the HDLC address configuration of each node. Using NSP, a
- node retrieves its HDLC address from the switch to which it is
- connected.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- MAPOS[1], Multiple Access Protocol over SONET(Synchronous Optical
- Network)/SDH(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)[2][3][4][5], is a
- protocol for transmission of HDLC frames over SONET/SDH. A SONET
- switch provides multiple access capability to each node. In MAPOS,
- each node has a unique HDLC address within a switch. The address is
- equivalent to the port number of the switch to which the node is
- connected. This document describes an extension to MAPOS, Node
- Switch Protocol, which enable automatic HDLC address assignment.
- First, it explains the addressing of MAPOS. Then, it describes the
- NSP protocol for automatic HDLC node address assignment.
-
- 2. Node Address Format
-
- This section describes MAPOS Version 1 address format in single and
- multiple switch environment.
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- Murakami & Maruyama Informational [Page 1]
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- RFC 2173 MAPOS June 1997
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- 2.1 Address Format
-
- In MAPOS network, each end node has a unique HDLC address. As shown
- in Figure 1, the address length is 8 bits. The LSB is always 1 which
- indicates the end of the field. When a SONET switch receives an HDLC
- frame, it forwards the frame based on the address in the frame
- header.
-
- In unicast, MSB is 0 and the rest of the bits are the port number to
- which a node is connected. Since the LSB is always 1, the minimum and
- maximum addresses are 0x01 and 0x7F, respectively. Address 0x01 is
- reserved and is assigned to the control processor in a SONET switch.
-
- In broadcast, MSB is 1 and the rest of the bits are all 1s. In
- multicast, MSB is 1 and the rest of the bits, except for the LSB,
- indicate the group address.
-
- +-------------+-+
- | | | | | | | | |
- | |port number|1|
- +-+-----------+-+
- ^ ^
- | |
- | +------- EA bit (always 1)
- |
- 1 : broadcast, multicast
- 0 : unicast
-
- Figure 1 Address format
-
- 2.2 Address in multi-switch environment
-
- In a multi-switch environment, variable-length subnet addressing is
- used. Each switch has a switch number that is unique within the
- system. Subnetted node addresses consist of the switch number and the
- port number to which a node is connected. The address format is "0
- <switch number> <node number> 1" for a unicast address, "all 1" for
- the broadcast address, and "1 <group address> 1" for a multicast
- address.
-
- The address 0x01 is reserved and is assigned to the control processor
- in the "local" switch. That is, it indicates the switch itself to
- which the node is connected. The addresses of the form "0 <switch
- number> <all 0> 1" are reserved, and indicates the control processor
- of the switch designated by the switch number.
-
- In Figure 2, the switch numbers are two bits long. Node N1 is
- connected to port 0x3 of switch S1 numbered 0x1 (01 in binary). Thus,
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- RFC 2173 MAPOS June 1997
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- the node address is 0 + 01 + 00011, that is, 00100011(0x23). Node N3
- has an address 01001001(0x49), since the switch number of S2 is 0x2
- (10 in binary) and the port number is 0x09. Note that all the port
- numbers are odd because the LSBs are always 1.
-
- +------+
- | node |
- | N1 |
- +------+
- | 00100011(0x23)
- |
- |0x3 |0x3
- +------+ +---+----+ +---+----+ +------+
- | node +----+ SONET +-------+ SONET +-----+ node |
- | N2 | 0x5| Switch |0x9 0x5| Switch |0x9 | N3 |
- +------+ | S1 | | S2 | +------+
- 00100101(0x25) | 0x1 | | 0x2 | 01001001(0x49)
- +---+----+ +---+----+
- |0x7 |0x7
-
-
- Figure 2 Addressing in Multiple Switch Environment
-
- 4 NSP(Node-Switch Protocol)
-
- This section describes the NSP protocol used for automatic node
- address assignment.
-
- 4.1 NSP protocol
-
- NSP is introduced to provide an automatic node address assignment
- function in MAPOS version 1. It reduces the administrative overhead
- of node address configuration for each node and prevents troubles
- such as address inconsistency and collision. When a node is connected
- to a switch and receives SONET signal correctly, the node sends an
- address request packet to the control processor in the local switch.
- The destination address of this packet is 00000001(0x01). When the
- control processor receives the packet, it replies with an address
- assignment packet. The destination is the assigned node address. If
- the node does not receive the address assignment packet within 5
- seconds, it retransmits the address request packet. The
- retransmission continues until the node successfully receives the
- address assignment packet.
-
- Whenever a node detects a transmission error such as carrier loss or
- out-of-synchronization, it SHOULD send an address request packet to
- the control processor and verify its current address. In addition, a
- node MUST verify its address by sending address request packets every
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- 30 seconds. The switch regards them as keep-alive packets and
- utilizes them to detect the node's status. If it has not received a
- request packet for more than 90 seconds, it assumes that the node
- went down. In addition, it also assumes the node went down when a
- switch detects a SONET signal failure.
-
- 4.2 Packet Format
-
- The HDLC protocol field of a NSP frame contains 0xFE03 (hexadecimal)
- as defined by the "MAPOS Version 1 Assigned Numbers" [6]. The
- information field contains the NSP packet as shown in Figure 3.
-
-
- +-----------+------------+
- I command I address I
- +-----------+------------+
- I<- 32bit ->I<- 32 bit ->I
-
- Figure 3 NSP packet format
-
- The command field is 32 bits long and has the following values (in
- decimal);
-
- 1 address request
- 2 address assignment
- 3 reject(error)
-
- The length of the address field is 32bits. In address request
- packets, the NSP address field SHOULD be filled with zeroes, although
- the switch ignores it. In address assignment packets, the assigned
- address is placed in the least significant byte of the field. The
- rest of the field is padded with zeroes. When the switch can not
- assign the address for some reason, the switch replies with a reject
- command (the values is 3). The value of the address field is
- undefined.
-
- 4.3 Consideration for special cases
-
- There are two special cases to consider. One is a point-to-point
- connection without a switch. The other is loop-back, that is, direct
- connection between the input and the output of the same port.
-
- 4.3.1 point-to-point
-
- In the case of a point-to-point connection shown in Figure 4, a node
- sends an address request packet to the other node. The destination
- address is 00000001(0x01), that is usually a control processor in a
- switch. When a node receives the address request, it detects the
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- point-to-point connection by examining both the destination address
- and the command contained. Then, it MUST reply with an address
- assignment packet. The assigned address MUST be 00000011(0x03). Since
- both nodes send an address request to each other, both of them get
- address 00000011(0x03). Since any address can be used in point-to-
- point environment, there is no problem even if both of the nodes have
- the same address.
-
- ---- address request ----> 0x01
- 0x03 <---- address assignment ----
- +------+ +------+
- | node +--------------------------------+ node |
- +------+ +------+
- 0x01 <---- address request ----
- ---- address assignment ----> 0x03
-
- Figure 4 Point-to-point connection
-
- 4.3.2 loop-back
-
- Another special case is loop-back where the output port of a node is
- simply connected to its input port as shown in Figure 5. In this
- case, the same mechanism as that for point-to-point can be applied
- without modification. A node sends an address request packet
- destined to 00000001(0x01). The node then receives the same packet.
- Since the destination is 00000001(0x01), it replies with an address
- assignment packet, containing the assigned address 00000011(0x03), to
- the address 0000 0011(0x03). Thus, the node obtains the address
- 00000011(0x03).
-
- ---- address request ----> 0x01
- +------+ --- address assignment --> 0x03
- | +-------------->-----------------+
- | node + |
- | +--------------<-----------------+
- +------+
-
- Figure 5 Loop-back Configuration
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- Murakami & Maruyama Informational [Page 5]
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- RFC 2173 MAPOS June 1997
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- 5. Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- References
-
- [1] Murakami, K. and M. Maruyama, "MAPOS - Multiple Access Protocol
- over SONET/SDH, Version 1," RFC-2171, June 1997.
-
- [2] CCITT Recommendation G.707: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Bit
- Rates (1990).
-
- [3] CCITT Recommendation G.708: Network Node Interface for
- Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (1990).
-
- [4] CCITT Recommendation G.709: Synchronous Multiplexing Structure
- (1990).
-
- [5] American National Standard for Telecommunications - Digital
- Hierarchy - Optical Interface Rates and Formats Specification,
- ANSI T1.105-1991.
-
- [6] Maruyama, M. and K. Murakami, "MAPOS Version 1 Assigned
- Numbers," RFC-2172, June, 1997.
-
- Acknowledgements
-
- The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions and
- thoughtful suggestions of John P. Mullaney, Clark Bremer, Masayuki
- Kobayashi, Paul Francis, Toshiaki Yoshida, and Takahiro Sajima.
-
- Authors' Address
-
- Ken Murakami
- NTT Software Laboratories
- 3-9-11, Midori-cho
- Musashino-shi
- Tokyo 180, Japan
- E-mail: murakami@ntt-20.ecl.net
-
- Mitsuru Maruyama
- NTT Software Laboratories
- 3-9-11, Midori-cho
- Musashino-shi
- Tokyo 180, Japan
- E-mail: mitsuru@ntt-20.ecl.net
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