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- Network Working Group E. Levinson
- Request for Comments: 2111 XIson, Inc.
- Category: Standards Track March 1997
-
-
- Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource Locators
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) schemes, "cid:" and "mid:" allow
- references to messages and the body parts of messages. For example,
- within a single multipart message, one HTML body part might include
- embedded references to other parts of the same message.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- The use of [MIME] within email to convey Web pages and their
- associated images requires a URL scheme to permit the HTML to refer
- to the images or other data included in the message. The Content-ID
- Uniform Resource Locator, "cid:", serves that purpose.
-
- Similarly Net News readers use Message-IDs to link related messages
- together. The Message-ID URL provides a scheme, "mid:", to refer to
- such messages as a "resource".
-
- The "mid" (Message-ID) and "cid" (Content-ID) URL schemes provide
- identifiers for messages and their body parts. The "mid" scheme uses
- (a part of) the message-id of an email message to refer to a specific
- message. The "cid" scheme refers to a specific body part of a
- message; its use is generally limited to references to other body
- parts in the same message as the referring body part. The "mid"
- scheme may also refer to a specific body part within a designated
- message, by including the content-ID's address.
-
- A note on terminology. The terms "body part" and "MIME entity" are
- used interchangeably. They refer to the headers and body of a MIME
- message, either the message itself or one of the body parts contained
- in a Multipart message.
-
-
-
-
-
- Levinson Standards Track [Page 1]
-
- RFC 2111 CID and MID URLs March 1997
-
-
- 2. The MID and CID URL Schemes
-
- RFC1738 [URL] reserves the "mid" and "cid" schemes for Message-ID and
- Content-ID respectively. This memorandum defines the syntax for
- those URLs. Because they use the same syntactic elements they are
- presented together.
-
- The URLs take the form
-
- content-id = url-addr-spec
-
- message-id = url-addr-spec
-
- url-addr-spec = addr-spec ; URL encoding of RFC 822 addr-spec
-
- cid-url = "cid" ":" content-id
-
- mid-url = "mid" ":" message-id [ "/" content-id ]
-
- Note: in Internet mail messages, the addr-spec in a Content-ID
- [MIME] or Message-ID [822] header are enclosed in angle brackets
- (<>). Since addr-spec in a Message-ID or Content-ID might contain
- characters not allowed within a URL; any such character (including
- "/", which is reserved within the "mid" scheme) must be hex-
- encoded using the %hh escape mechanism in [URL].
-
- A "mid" URL with only a "message-id" refers to an entire message.
- With the appended "content-id", it refers to a body part within a
- message, as does a "cid" URL. The Content-ID of a MIME body part is
- required to be globally unique. However, in many systems that store
- messages, body parts are not indexed independently their context
- (message). The "mid" URL long form was designed to supply the
- context needed to support interoperability with such systems.
-
- A implementation conforming to this specification is required to
- support the "mid" URL long form (message-id/content-id). Conforming
- implementations can choose to, but are not required to, take
- advantage of the content-id's uniqueness and interpret a "cid" URL to
- refer to any body part within the message store.
-
- In limited circumstances (e.g., within multipart/alternate), a single
- message may contain several body parts that have the same Content-ID.
- That occurs, for example, when identical data can be accessed through
- different methods [MIME, sect. 7.2.3]. In those cases, conforming
- implementations are required to use the rules of the containing MIME
- entity (e.g., multi-part/alternate) to select the body part to which
- the Content-ID refers.
-
-
-
-
- Levinson Standards Track [Page 2]
-
- RFC 2111 CID and MID URLs March 1997
-
-
- A "cid" URL is converted to the corresponding Content-ID message
- header [MIME] by removing the "cid:" prefix, converting %hh hex-
- escaped characters to their ASCII equivalents and enclosing the
- remaining parts with an angle bracket pair, "<" and ">". For
- example, "mid:foo4%25foo1@bar.net" corresponds to
-
- Message-ID: <foo4%foo1@bar.net>
-
- A "mid" URL is converted to a Message-ID or Message-ID/Content-ID
- pair in a similar fashion.
-
- Both message-id and content-id are required to be globally unique.
- That is, no two different messages will ever have the same Message-ID
- addr-spec; no different body parts will ever have the same Content-ID
- addr-spec. A common technique used by many message systems is to use
- a time and date stamp along with the local host's domain name, e.g.,
- 950124.162336@XIson.com.
-
- Some Examples
-
- The following message contains an HTML body part that refers to an
- image contained in another body part. Both body parts are contained
- in a Multipart/Related MIME entity. The HTML IMG tag contains a
- cidurl which points to the image.
-
- From: foo1@bar.net
- To: foo2@bar.net
- Subject: A simple example
- Mime-Version: 1.0
- Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="boundary-example-1";
- type=Text/HTML
-
- --boundary-example 1
- Content-Type: Text/HTML; charset=US-ASCII
-
- ... text of the HTML document, which might contain a hyperlink
- to the other body part, for example through a statement such as:
- <IMG SRC="cid:foo4*foo1@bar.net" ALT="IETF logo">
-
- --boundary-example-1
- Content-ID: foo4*foo1@bar.net
- Content-Type: IMAGE/GIF
- Content-Transfer-Encoding: BASE64
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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- Levinson Standards Track [Page 3]
-
- RFC 2111 CID and MID URLs March 1997
-
-
- R0lGODlhGAGgAPEAAP/////ZRaCgoAAAACH+PUNvcHlyaWdodCAoQykgMTk5
- NSBJRVRGLiBVbmF1dGhvcml6ZWQgZHVwbGljYXRpb24gcHJvaGliaXRlZC4A
- etc...
-
- --boundary-example-1--
-
- The following message points to another message (hopefully still in
- the recipient's message store).
-
- From: bar@none.com
- To: phooey@all.com
- Subject: Here's how to do it
- Content-type: text/html; charset=usascii
-
- ... The items in my
- <A HREF= "mid:960830.1639@XIson.com/partA.960830.1639@XIson.com">
- previous message</A>, shows how the approach you propose can be
- used to accomplish ...
-
- 3. Security Considerations
-
- The URLs defined here provide an addressing or referencing mechanism.
- The values of these URLs disclose no more about the originators
- environment than the corresponding Message-ID and Content-ID values.
- Where concern exists about such disclosures the originator of a
- message using mid and cid URLs must take precautions to insure that
- confidential information is not disclosed. Those precautions should
- already be in place to handle existing mail use of the Message-ID and
- Content-ID.
-
- 4. References
-
- [822] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text
- Messages," August 1982, University of Delaware, STD 11, RFC
- 822.
-
- [MIME] N. Borenstein, N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
- Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and
- Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies,"
- September 1993, RFC 1521.
-
- [URL] Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., and McCahill, M., "Uniform
- Resource Locators (URL)," December 1994.
-
- [MULREL] E. Levinson, "The MIME Multipart/Related Content-type,"
- December 1995, RFC 1874.
-
-
-
-
-
- Levinson Standards Track [Page 4]
-
- RFC 2111 CID and MID URLs March 1997
-
-
- 5. Acknowledgments
-
- The original concept of "mid" and "cid" URLs were part of the Tim
- Berners-Lee's original vision of the World Wide Web. The ideas and
- design have benefited greatly by discussions with Harald Alvestrand,
- Dan Connolly, Roy Fielding, Larry Masinter, Jacob Palme, and others
- in the MHTML working group.
-
- 6. Author's Address
-
- Edward Levinson
- 47 Clive Street
- Metuchen, NJ 08840-1060
- USA
- +1 908 549 3716
- <XIson@cnj.digex.net>
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- Levinson Standards Track [Page 5]
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