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- Network Working Group R. Chandra
- Request for Comments: 1997 P. Traina
- Category: Standards Track cisco Systems
- T. Li
- August 1996
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- BGP Communities Attribute
-
- Status of This Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- Border Gateway Protocol [1] is an inter-autonomous system routing
- protocol designed for TCP/IP internets.
-
- This document describes an extension to BGP which may be used to pass
- additional information to both neighboring and remote BGP peers.
-
- The intention of the proposed technique is to aid in policy
- administration and reduce the management complexity of maintaining
- the Internet.
-
- Introduction
-
- BGP supports transit policies via controlled distribution of routing
- information. Mechanisms for this are described in [1] and have been
- successfully used by transit service providers. However, control
- over the distribution of routing information is presently based on
- either IP address prefixes or on the value of the AS_PATH attribute
- (or part of it).
-
- To facilitate and simplify the control of routing information this
- document suggests a grouping of destinations so that the routing
- decision can also be based on the identity of a group. Such a scheme
- is expected to significantly simplify a BGP speaker's configuration
- that controls distribution of routing information.
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- Chandra, et. al. Standards Track [Page 1]
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- RFC 1997 BGP Communities Attribute August 1996
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-
- Terms and Definitions
-
- Community
- A community is a group of destinations which share some common
- property.
-
- Each autonomous system administrator may define which communities
- a destination belongs to. By default, all destinations belong to
- the general Internet community.
-
- Examples
-
- A property such as "NSFNET sponsored/AUP" could be added to all AUP
- compliant destinations advertised into the NSFNET. NSFNET operators
- could define a policy that would advertise all routes, tagged or not,
- to directly connected AUP compliant customers and only tagged routes
- to commercial or external sites. This would insure that at least one
- side of a given connection is AUP compliant as a way of enforcing NSF
- transit policy guidelines.
-
- In this example, we have just eliminated the primary motivation for a
- complex policy routing database that is used to generate huge prefix
- and AS path based filter rules. We have also eliminated the delays
- caused by the out-of-band maintenance of this database (mailing in
- NACRs, weekly configuration runs, etc.)
-
- A second example comes from experience with aggregation. It is often
- useful to advertise both an aggregate prefix and the component more-
- specific prefixes that were used to form the aggregate to optimize
- "next hop" routing. These component prefixes are only useful to the
- neighboring BGP peer or perhaps the autonomous system of the
- neighboring BGP peer, so it is desirable to filter this information.
- By specifying a community value that the neighboring peer or peers
- will match and filter on, these more specific routes may be
- advertised with the assurance that they will not propagate beyond
- their desired scope.
-
- COMMUNITIES attribute
-
- This document creates the COMMUNITIES path attribute is an optional
- transitive attribute of variable length. The attribute consists of a
- set of four octet values, each of which specify a community. All
- routes with this attribute belong to the communities listed in the
- attribute.
-
- The COMMUNITIES attribute has Type Code 8.
-
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- Chandra, et. al. Standards Track [Page 2]
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- RFC 1997 BGP Communities Attribute August 1996
-
-
- Communities are treated as 32 bit values, however for administrative
- assignment, the following presumptions may be made:
-
- The community attribute values ranging from 0x0000000 through
- 0x0000FFFF and 0xFFFF0000 through 0xFFFFFFFF are hereby reserved.
-
- The rest of the community attribute values shall be encoded using an
- autonomous system number in the first two octets. The semantics of
- the final two octets may be defined by the autonomous system (e.g. AS
- 690 may define research, educational and commercial community values
- that may be used for policy routing as defined by the operators of
- that AS using community attribute values 0x02B20000 through
- 0x02B2FFFF).
-
- Well-known Communities
-
- The following communities have global significance and their
- operations shall be implemented in any community-attribute-aware BGP
- speaker.
-
- NO_EXPORT (0xFFFFFF01)
- All routes received carrying a communities attribute
- containing this value MUST NOT be advertised outside a BGP
- confederation boundary (a stand-alone autonomous system that
- is not part of a confederation should be considered a
- confederation itself).
- NO_ADVERTISE (0xFFFFFF02)
- All routes received carrying a communities attribute
- containing this value MUST NOT be advertised to other BGP
- peers.
- NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED (0xFFFFFF03)
- All routes received carrying a communities attribute
- containing this value MUST NOT be advertised to external BGP
- peers (this includes peers in other members autonomous
- systems inside a BGP confederation).
-
- Operation
-
- A BGP speaker may use this attribute to control which routing
- information it accepts, prefers or distributes to other neighbors.
-
- A BGP speaker receiving a route that does not have the COMMUNITIES
- path attribute may append this attribute to the route when
- propagating it to its peers.
-
- A BGP speaker receiving a route with the COMMUNITIES path attribute
- may modify this attribute according to the local policy.
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- Chandra, et. al. Standards Track [Page 3]
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- RFC 1997 BGP Communities Attribute August 1996
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- Aggregation
-
- If a range of routes is to be aggregated and the resultant aggregates
- attribute section does not carry the ATOMIC_AGGREGATE attribute, then
- the resulting aggregate should have a COMMUNITIES path attribute
- which contains all communities from all of the aggregated routes.
-
- Applicability
-
- The COMMUNITIES path attribute may be used with BGP version 2 and all
- subsequent versions of BGP unless specifically noted otherwise.
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- Acknowledgments
-
- We'd like to thank Vince Fuller, Sean Doran, and Andrew Partan for
- bringing to our attention the problems that we believe the BGP
- communities attribute will help solve. We'd also like to thank Yakov
- Rekhter his review of this document as well as his constructive and
- valuable comments.
-
- Authors' Addresses
-
- Paul Traina
- cisco Systems, Inc.
- 170 W. Tasman Dr.
- San Jose, CA 95134
-
- EMail: pst@cisco.com
-
-
- Ravishanker Chandrasekeran
- (Ravi Chandra)
- cisco Systems, Inc.
- 170 W. Tasman Dr.
- San Jose, CA 95134
-
- EMail: rchandra@cisco.com
-
-
- Tony Li
- EMail: tli@skat.usc.edu
-
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- Chandra, et. al. Standards Track [Page 4]
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- RFC 1997 BGP Communities Attribute August 1996
-
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- References
-
- [1] RFC 1771
- Rekhter, Y., and T. Li, "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)",
- March 1995.
-
- [2] RFC 1965
- Traina, P., "Autonomous System Confederations for BGP", June 1996.
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- Chandra, et. al. Standards Track [Page 5]
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