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- Network Working Group J. Halpern
- Request for Comments: 1923 Newbridge Networks
- Category: Informational S. Bradner
- Harvard University
- March 1996
-
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- RIPv1 Applicability Statement for Historic Status
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
- does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- RIP Version 1 [RFC-1058] has been declared an historic document.
- This Applicability statement provides the supporting motivation for
- that declaration. The primary reason, as described below, is the
- Classful nature of RIPv1.
-
- 1.0 Introduction
-
- RIP version 1 (RIPv1) (as defined by RFC 1058) was one of the first
- dynamic routing protocols used in the internet. It was developed as
- a technique for passing around network reachability information for
- what we now consider relatively simple topologies.
-
- The Internet has changed significantly since RIPv1 was defined,
- particularly with the introduction and use of subnets and CIDR.
-
- While RIPv1 is widely used in private networks, it can no longer be
- considered applicable for use in the global Internet.
-
- 2.0 RIPv1 restrictions
-
- RIPv1 has a number of restrictions and behaviors which restrict its
- useability in the global Internet.
-
- 2.1 Classfulness
-
- Chief among these is that it is a classful routing protocol. RIP
- packets do not carry prefix masks. The prefix length is inferred
- from the address. For non-local addresses, the prefix is always the
- "natural" (classful) length. (e.g., 24 bits for a "Class C" network
- address.) For networks to which a local interface exists, if the
- interface is subnetted with some specific mask, then RIPv1 assumes
-
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- Halpern & Bradner Informational [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1923 RIPv1 Applicability Statement for Historic Status March 1996
-
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- that the mask used locally is the correct mask to apply for all
- subnets of that network.
-
- This has a number of effects.
-
- 1) RIPv1 can not be used with variable length subnetting. In the
- presence of variable length subnetting it will consistently
- misinterpret prefix lengths.
-
- 2) RIPv1 is difficult to use with supernetting. All CIDR supernets
- must be exploded and advertised to RIPv1 as individual "natural"
- classful advertisements.
-
- 3) Even when the networks running RIPv1 are themselves only subnetted
- in fixed ways, if the remainder of the network has variable
- subnetting then one must carefully make sure that RIPv1 does not
- destroy the mask information when it passes through those subnets
- running RIPv1. Put another way, co-existence with mutual
- information exchange between RIPv1 and more advanced routing
- protocols is problematic at best. Note that this applies even when
- the other routing protocol is RIPv2.
-
- 4) The Internet will soon be making use of addresses which appear to
- RIPv1 to be parts of Class A networks. Networks using RIPv1 may not
- be able to reach all sites assigned the subsections of a single A.
-
- 2.2 Simple Distance Vector
-
- RIPv1 is a simple distance vector protocol. It has been enhanced
- with various techniques, including Split Horizon and Poison Reverse
- in order to enable it to perform better in somewhat complicated
- networks.
-
- However, being a simple distance vector protocol, it will run into
- difficulty. First and foremost, it will occasionally have to count to
- infinity in order to purge bad routes. This delays the convergence
- of routing. In order to keep this short, RIPv1 defines infinity as
- 16 hops. That means that networks with diameters larger than that
- can not use RIP. Even getting close to that limit can cause
- confusion for some implementations.
-
- 3.0 Conclusion
-
- The recommendation of this Applicability statement is that if there
- is reason to run RIP in a network environment, one should use RIPv2
- (RFC 1723).
-
-
-
-
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- Halpern & Bradner Informational [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1923 RIPv1 Applicability Statement for Historic Status March 1996
-
-
- RIPv1 itself should only be used in simple topologies, with simple
- reachability. It may be used by any site which uses fixed subnetting
- internally, and either uses a default route to deal with external
- traffic or is not connected to the global Internet or to other
- organizations.
-
- RIPv1 may also be used as a local advertising technology if the
- information to be used fits within its capabilities.
-
- 4.0 Security Considerations
-
- RIPv1 includes no security functions. RIPv2 includes a mechanism for
- authenticating the sender of the routing information. Sites which
- are worried about the vulnerability of their routing infrastructure
- and which feel they must run a RIP-like protocol should use RIPv2.
-
- 5.0 Authors' Addresses
-
- Joel M. Halpern
- Newbridge Networks Inc.
- 593 Herndon Parkway Herndon,
- VA 22070-5241
-
- Phone: +1 703 708 5954
- EMail: jhalpern@newbridge.com
-
-
- Scott Bradner
- Harvard University
- 1350 Mass Ave, Rm 813
- Cambridge MA 02138
-
- Phone: +1 617 495 3864
- EMail: sob@harvard.edu
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- Halpern & Bradner Informational [Page 3]
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