home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Network Working Group SNMPv2 Working Group
- Request for Comments: 1901 J. Case
- Category: Experimental SNMP Research, Inc.
- K. McCloghrie
- Cisco Systems, Inc.
- M. Rose
- Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
- S. Waldbusser
- International Network Services
- January 1996
-
-
- Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies an Experimental protocol for the Internet
- community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any
- kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1. Introduction ................................................ 1
- 2. Components of the SNMPv2 Framework .......................... 2
- 2.1 Structure of Management Information ........................ 2
- 2.2 Textual Conventions ........................................ 3
- 2.3 Conformance Statements ..................................... 3
- 2.4 Protocol Operations ........................................ 3
- 2.5 Transport Mappings ......................................... 4
- 2.6 Protocol Instrumentation ................................... 4
- 3. The Community-based Administrative Framework ................ 4
- 4. Security Considerations ..................................... 5
- 5. Editor's Address ............................................ 6
- 6. Acknowledgements ............................................ 6
- 7. References .................................................. 7
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- The purpose of this document is to define the Community-based
- Administrative Framework for the SNMP version 2 framework (SNMPv2).
- The SNMPv2 framework is fully described in [1-6]. This framework is
- derived from the original Internet-standard Network Management
- Framework (SNMPv1), which consists of these three documents:
-
- STD 16, RFC 1155 [7] which defines the Structure of Management
- Information (SMI), the mechanisms used for describing and naming
- objects for the purpose of management.
-
-
-
- SNMPv2 Working Group Experimental [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1901 Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2 January 1996
-
-
- STD 16, RFC 1212 [8] which defines a more concise description
- mechanism, which is wholly consistent with the SMI.
-
- STD 15, RFC 1157 [9] which defines the Simple Network Management
- Protocol (SNMP), the protocol used for network access to managed
- objects.
-
- For information on coexistence between SNMPv1 and SNMPv2, consult
- [10].
-
- 2. Components of the SNMPv2 Framework
-
- A management system contains: several (potentially many) nodes, each
- with a processing entity, termed an agent, which has access to
- management instrumentation; at least one management station; and, a
- management protocol, used to convey management information between
- the agents and management stations. Operations of the protocol are
- carried out under an administrative framework which defines
- authentication, authorization, access control, and privacy policies.
-
- Management stations execute management applications which monitor and
- control managed elements. Managed elements are devices such as
- hosts, routers, terminal servers, etc., which are monitored and
- controlled via access to their management information.
-
- 2.1. Structure of Management Information
-
- Management information is viewed as a collection of managed objects,
- residing in a virtual information store, termed the Management
- Information Base (MIB). Collections of related objects are defined
- in MIB modules. These modules are written using a subset of OSI's
- Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) [11]. It is the purpose of the
- Structure of Management Information for SNMPv2 document [1] to define
- that subset.
-
- The SMI is divided into three parts: module definitions, object
- definitions, and, trap definitions.
-
- (1) Module definitions are used when describing information modules.
- An ASN.1 macro, MODULE-IDENTITY, is used to concisely convey the
- semantics of an information module.
-
- (2) Object definitions are used when describing managed objects. An
- ASN.1 macro, OBJECT-TYPE, is used to concisely convey the syntax
- and semantics of a managed object.
-
- (3) Notification definitions are used when describing unsolicited
- transmissions of management information. An ASN.1 macro,
-
-
-
- SNMPv2 Working Group Experimental [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1901 Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2 January 1996
-
-
- NOTIFICATION-TYPE, is used to concisely convey the syntax and
- semantics of a notification.
-
- 2.2. Textual Conventions
-
- When designing a MIB module, it is often useful to define new types
- similar to those defined in the SMI. In comparison to a type defined
- in the SMI, each of these new types has a different name, a similar
- syntax, but a more precise semantics. These newly defined types are
- termed textual conventions, and are used for the convenience of
- humans reading the MIB module. It is the purpose of the Textual
- Conventions for SNMPv2 document [2] to define the initial set of
- textual conventions available to all MIB modules.
-
- Objects defined using a textual convention are always encoded by
- means of the rules that define their primitive type. However,
- textual conventions often have special semantics associated with
- them. As such, an ASN.1 macro, TEXTUAL-CONVENTION, is used to
- concisely convey the syntax and semantics of a textual convention.
-
- 2.3. Conformance Statements
-
- It may be useful to define the acceptable lower-bounds of
- implementation, along with the actual level of implementation
- achieved. It is the purpose of the Conformance Statements for SNMPv2
- document [3] to define the notation used for these purposes. There
- are two kinds of notations:
-
- (1) Compliance statements are used when describing requirements for
- agents with respect to object definitions. An ASN.1 macro,
- MODULE-COMPLIANCE, is used to concisely convey such requirements.
-
- (2) Capability statements are used when describing capabilities of
- agents with respect to object definitions. An ASN.1 macro, AGENT-
- CAPABILITIES, is used to concisely convey such capabilities.
-
- Finally, collections of related objects are grouped together to form
- a unit of conformance. An ASN.1 macro, OBJECT-GROUP, is used to
- concisely convey the syntax and semantics of a group.
-
- 2.4. Protocol Operations
-
- The management protocol provides for the exchange of messages which
- convey management information between the agents and the management
- stations. The form of these messages is a message "wrapper" which
- encapsulates a Protocol Data Unit (PDU).
-
-
-
-
-
- SNMPv2 Working Group Experimental [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1901 Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2 January 1996
-
-
- It is the purpose of the Protocol Operations for SNMPv2 document [4]
- to define the operations of the protocol with respect to the sending
- and receiving of the PDUs.
-
- 2.5. Transport Mappings
-
- The management protocol, version 2 of the Simple Network Management
- Protocol, may be used over a variety of protocol suites. It is the
- purpose of the Transport Mappings for SNMPv2 document [5] to define
- how the SNMPv2 maps onto an initial set of transport domains. Other
- mappings may be defined in the future.
-
- Although several mappings are defined, the mapping onto UDP is the
- preferred mapping. As such, to provide for the greatest level of
- interoperability, systems which choose to deploy other mappings
- should also provide for proxy service to the UDP mapping.
-
- 2.6. Protocol Instrumentation
-
- It is the purpose of the Management Information Base for SNMPv2
- document [6] to define managed objects which describe the behavior of
- a SNMPv2 entity.
-
- 3. The Community-based Administrative Framework
-
- It is the purpose of an administrative framework to define an
- infrastructure through which effective management can be realized in
- a variety of configurations and environments. Specified as a part
- of, or as extensions of, an administrative framework are security
- mechanisms used to achieve an administratively-defined level of
- security for protocol interactions.
-
- The administrative framework for SNMPv2 identified in this document
- is the same framework as was defined for SNMPv1 [9]. This
- administrative framework associates each message with a "community"
- as defined in [9]. Use of this administrative framework with SNMP
- Version 2 is commonly known as "Community-based SNMPv2 (SNMPv2C)."
-
- Specifically, Section 3.2.5 of [9] defines the concept of a
- community, and Section 4.1 of [9] defines the Elements of Procedure
- for generating and receiving messages. The following updates apply:
-
- (1) The types of access defined in Section 3.2.5 of [9] are updated
- by [1].
-
- (2) The Elements of Procedure defined in Section 4.1 of [9] are
- updated with the additional requirement of incrementing the
- relevant statistics counter as defined in [6].
-
-
-
- SNMPv2 Working Group Experimental [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1901 Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2 January 1996
-
-
- (3) The requirement in the Elements of Procedure in Section 4.1 of
- [9] that the "the source transport address that a response
- message is sent from shall be identical to the destination
- transport address that the original request message was sent to"
- is deleted, i.e., the source transport address of a response
- message can be any transport address belonging to the agent.
-
- The form of a message is also taken from [9], with the exception that
- a new version number is used in the message "wrapper". Use of a new
- version number is necessary because of SNMPv2's new PDU types [4],
- error codes [4], etc. With this one change, the wrapper becomes:
-
- COMMUNITY-BASED-SNMPv2 DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
-
- -- top-level message
-
- Message ::=
- SEQUENCE {
- version
- INTEGER {
- version(1) -- modified from RFC 1157
- },
-
- community -- community name
- OCTET STRING,
-
- data -- PDUs as defined in [4]
- ANY
- }
- }
-
- END
-
- Note that with this administrative framework, the
- 'authorizationError(16)' value defined for the error-status component
- of an SNMPv2 PDU [4] is unused. It may, however, be used with future
- administrative frameworks.
-
- 4. Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- SNMPv2 Working Group Experimental [Page 5]
-
- RFC 1901 Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2 January 1996
-
-
- 5. Editor's Address
-
- Keith McCloghrie
- Cisco Systems, Inc.
- 170 West Tasman Drive
- San Jose, CA 95134-1706
- US
-
- Phone: +1 408 526 5260
- EMail: kzm@cisco.com
-
- 6. Acknowledgements
-
- This document is the result of significant work by the four major
- contributors:
-
- Jeffrey D. Case (SNMP Research, case@snmp.com)
- Keith McCloghrie (Cisco Systems, kzm@cisco.com)
- Marshall T. Rose (Dover Beach Consulting, mrose@dbc.mtview.ca.us)
- Steven Waldbusser (International Network Services, stevew@uni.ins.com)
-
- In addition, the contributions of the SNMPv2 Working Group are
- acknowledged. In particular, a special thanks is extended for the
- contributions of:
-
- Alexander I. Alten (Novell)
- Dave Arneson (Cabletron)
- Uri Blumenthal (IBM)
- Doug Book (Chipcom)
- Kim Curran (Bell-Northern Research)
- Jim Galvin (Trusted Information Systems)
- Maria Greene (Ascom Timeplex)
- Iain Hanson (Digital)
- Dave Harrington (Cabletron)
- Nguyen Hien (IBM)
- Jeff Johnson (Cisco Systems)
- Michael Kornegay (Object Quest)
- Deirdre Kostick (AT&T Bell Labs)
- David Levi (SNMP Research)
- Daniel Mahoney (Cabletron)
- Bob Natale (ACE*COMM)
- Brian O'Keefe (Hewlett Packard)
- Andrew Pearson (SNMP Research)
- Dave Perkins (Peer Networks)
- Randy Presuhn (Peer Networks)
- Aleksey Romanov (Quality Quorum)
- Shawn Routhier (Epilogue)
- Jon Saperia (BGS Systems)
-
-
-
- SNMPv2 Working Group Experimental [Page 6]
-
- RFC 1901 Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2 January 1996
-
-
- Bob Stewart (Cisco Systems, bstewart@cisco.com), chair
- Kaj Tesink (Bellcore)
- Glenn Waters (Bell-Northern Research)
- Bert Wijnen (IBM)
-
- 7. References
-
- [1] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and
- S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management Information for Version 2
- of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1902,
- January 1996.
-
- [2] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and
- S. Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for Version 2 of the Simple
- Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1903, January 1996.
-
- [3] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and
- S. Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for Version 2 of the Simple
- Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1904, January 1996.
-
- [4] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and
- S. Waldbusser, "Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple
- Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1905, January 1996.
-
- [5] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and
- S. Waldbusser, "Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple
- Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1906, January 1996.
-
- [6] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and
- S. Waldbusser, "Management Information Base for Version 2 of the
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1907,
- January 1996.
-
- [7] Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of
- Management Information for TCP/IP-based internets", STD 16, RFC
- 1155, May 1990.
-
- [8] Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, "Concise MIB Definitions", STD 16,
- RFC 1212, March 1991.
-
- [9] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M., Davin, J., "Simple Network
- Management Protocol", STD 15, RFC 1157, SNMP Research, Performance
- Systems International, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, May
- 1990.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- SNMPv2 Working Group Experimental [Page 7]
-
- RFC 1901 Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2 January 1996
-
-
- [10] SNMPv2 Working Group, Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and
- S. Waldbusser, "Coexistence between Version 1 and Version 2 of the
- Internet-standard Network Management Framework", RFC 1908,
- January 1996.
-
- [11] Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection -
- Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1),
- International Organization for Standardization. International
- Standard 8824, (December, 1987).
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- SNMPv2 Working Group Experimental [Page 8]
-
-