The Hacker's Encyclopedia 1998

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Network Working Group J. Gargano Request for Comments: 1834 K. Weiss Category: Informational University of California, Davis August 1995 Whois and Network Information Lookup Service Whois++ Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. I. Introduction As currently defined, NICNAME/WHOIS [HARR85] service is a TCP transaction based query/response server, running on a few specific central machines, that provides netwide directory service to Internet users. The Network Information Center (NIC) maintains the central NICNAME database and server, defined in RFC 954, providing online look-up of individuals, network organizations, key host machines, and other information of interest to users of the Internet. The usefulness of this service has lead to the development of other distributed directory information servers and information retrieval tools and it is anticipated more will be created. Many sites now maintain local directory servers with information about individuals, departments and services at that specific site. Typically these directory servers are network accessible. Local development of these services has resulted in wide variations in the type of data stored, access methods, search schemes, and user interfaces. The purpose of the Whois and Network Information Lookup Service Working Group (WNILS) is to expand and define the standard for WHOIS types of services, to resolve issues associated with the variations in access and provide a consistent and predictable service across the network. This memo describes new features for WHOIS to meet these goals. II. Architecture The WHOIS service should be provided in a client/server model. There are no restrictions on the design of the client, provided it is capable of passing queries to the server in the proper format, and capturing the server's response in some useful format. Existing WHOIS specifications call for clients to display responses in human- readable form. This more general proposal does not impose that Gargano & Weiss Informational [Page 1] RFC 1834 Whois++ Lookup Service August 1995 restriction. This paper acknowledges the existence of many distributed information servers, and anticipates the creation of many more. To help users locate WHOIS servers, each server should have a nameserver entry in the form "whois.domain", i.e. whois.internic.net. III. Client Design and Behavior The client provides the user interface to the WHOIS system and a mechanism for query generation and display of the response. The client is responsible for providing support for paging of long output from the server. All clients must provide this service. The server will not include any special characters, or make any efforts to control output to a screen. Special search criteria may be specified by the use of keywords or special characters, some of which are defined in RFC 954. Clients should be designed to make support for quoted strings unnecessary. IV. Server Design and Behavior The server should return the same information in response to a given query consistently, regardless of the client software or the hardware used to originate the query. Queries should be evaluated on a case- insensitive basis. Spaces should not be considered in searches. A search for "La Russo" should return both "LaRusso" and "La Russo" as matches. There are three types of data records supported in this proposal: records for people, hosts, and domains. Individual records Name Name of the individual required Organization Name of the organization required Organization-type Type of organization optional (university, commercial research) Work-telephone Work telephone number optional Fax-telephone Fax telephone number optional Work-address Work postal address optional Gargano & Weiss Informational [Page 2] RFC 1834 Whois++ Lookup Service August 1995 Title Working title or position optional within an organization Department Department optional Email-address Email address in RFC 822 optional format for this individual Handle A unique identifier for this required record on the local server Last-record-update Date this record was last required updated Home-telephone Home telephone number optional Home-address Home postal address optional Host records Hostname Full domain name required IPAddress Address required Sysadmin-name System administrator name optional Sysadmin-phone System administrator telephone optional Sysadmin-address System administrator address optional Sysadmin-email System admin. e-mail address optional Machine-type Type of machine optional OS Operating system optional MX Mail exchanger optional Last-update Last update optional Info Location of additional optional information (i.e. anonymous FTP) Domain records Domain-name Domain name registered with required the Network Information Center (NIC) Network-address Network address associated required with this domain name Admin-name Name of the Administrative required Contact for this domain Gargano & Weiss Informational [Page 3] RFC 1834 Whois++ Lookup Service August 1995 Admin-address Postal address of the required Admintistrative Contact for this domain Admin-telephone Telephone number of the required Admintistrative Contact for this domain Admin-email Electronic mail address in required RFC 1822 format for the Administrative Contact for this domain Tech-name Name of the Technical Contact required for this domain Tech-address Postal address of the required Administrative Contact for this domain Tech-telephone Telephone number of the required Technical Contact for this domain Tech-email Electronic mail address in required RFC 822 format for the Administrative Contact for this domain Nameservers Primary domain nameservers optional for this domain Last-update Last date this record was required updated Search Options A unique handle must be provided for every record in the server database to target specific records for display. For example, if there are three individuals named, respectively, A. La Russo, B. LaRusso, and C. Larusso, then a search for "LA RUSSO" would return all three as matches. However, each record would have a unique handle, i.e. LARUSSO1, LARUSSO2, and LARUSSO3. A search for any one of these handles would return a single match for that particular individual. This is consistent with the RFC 954 query, "whois !SMITH1" Gargano & Weiss Informational [Page 4] RFC 1834 Whois++ Lookup Service August 1995 Other search options which should be supported are: whois smith exact match on last name whois smith,j exact match on last name, first name whois "smith,j" begins with "J" whois j. Smith whois "j. Smith" whois smith, john exact match on last and first names whois "smith, john" whois john Smith whois "john Smith" whois .john Smith whois "smith..." all last names beginning whois smith* with Smith whois begins smith whois smith?? all last names beginning with "Smith" and containing up to two letters after "Smith", i.e. "Smith", "Smithy", "Smithey" and "Smithie" whois ends smith all last names ending in "smith" whois exact A Martinez exact match for "A Martinez" whois fuzzy paulson all last names that sound like or are spelled like "Paulson" whois first Kazuko exact match on first name "Kazuko" whois first begins Art all first names beginning with "Art" whois first fuzzy Kasuko all first names that sound like or are spelled like "Kasuko" whois hamlet.ucdavis.edu IP address and other information whois system hamlet.ucdavis.edu on the computer called hamlet.ucdavis.edu.Could be served by a domain name service querytype (QTYPE) * Gargano & Weiss Informational [Page 5] RFC 1834 Whois++ Lookup Service August 1995 whois system hamlet IP address and other information on the computer called hamlet with the default domain appended. Could be served by a domain name service querytype (QTYPE) * whois 128.120.2.9 domain name and other whois system 128.120.2.9 information on the computer at specified IP address. Could be served by a domain name service querytype (QTYPE) PTR. whois !ucdavis-dom site contacts and other whois domain ucdavis.edu information on the site ucdavis If any keywords are specified in the query, the server will complete that specific query and return the results, even if 0 matches are found. If no keywords are specified, the server will interpret the query based upon the rules above. Optionally, the server may be configured so that if a search yields no matches, the query will automatically be run again, but with the keyword begin inserted. Servers must support multiple levels of detail in response to queries. A query yielding multiple matches should return a short- form record for each match. A query yielding a single match should return a long-form record. A query yielding no matches should return context-sensitive help on expanding the search criteria. On-line Help The client should return a minimal (two line) help message for every query sent to the server. That message should identify the database being searched and provide instructions for the user to obtain more detailed help screens. Additional help should be provided in special situations. The server should recognize queries that return zero matches, and provide a brief help message explaining how to broaden a search. If a search returns more than 50 matches, the server should take two actions. First, the user should get a message explaining how to narrow searches. Second, the user should be offered the option of re- specifying the search, or receiving all matching responses. When multiple matches are found and returned to the client, the server should add a brief help message explaining how to use handles to narrow the search to a single record. Gargano & Weiss Informational [Page 6] RFC 1834 Whois++ Lookup Service August 1995 If the client queries for "help" or "?" then the server should return a complete help file. The help file should contain information in sufficient detail for the user to understand and access all the features of WHOIS service. V. Extensibility This RFC defines a limited set of data records and fields for reliable whois queries. Mechanisms exist for whois clients to discover extended data records and query for fields not defined in this memo. It is recommended that Whois clients and servers include this functionality to maximize the extensibility and usefulness of this service. VI. References [Harr85] Harrenstein, K., Stahl, M., and E. Feinler, E., "NICNAME/WHOIS", RFC 954, SRI, October 1985. VII. Security Considerations Security issues are not discussed in this memo. VIII. Authors' Addresses Joan Gargano Information Technology Distributed Computing Analysis and Support University of California Davis, CA 95616 EMail: jcgargano@ucdavis.edu Ken Weiss Information Technology Distributed Computing Analysis and Support University of California Davis, CA 95616 EMail: krweiss@ucdavis.edu Gargano & Weiss Informational [Page 7]