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- Network Working Group G. Malkin
- Request for Comments: 1721 Xylogics, Inc.
- Obsoletes: 1387 November 1994
- Category: Informational
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- RIP Version 2 Protocol Analysis
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
- does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- As required by Routing Protocol Criteria (RFC 1264), this report
- documents the key features of the RIP-2 protocol and the current
- implementation experience. This report is a prerequisite to
- advancing RIP-2 on the standards track.
-
- Acknowledgements
-
- The RIP-2 protocol owes much to those who participated in the RIP-2
- working group. A special thanks goes to Fred Baker, for his help on
- the MIB, and to Jeffrey Honig, for all his comments.
-
- 1. Protocol Documents
-
- The RIP-2 applicability statement is defined in RFC 1722 [1].
-
- The RIP-2 protocol description is defined in RFC 1723 [2]. This memo
- obsoletes RFC 1388, which specifies an update to the "Routing
- Information Protocol" RFC 1058 (STD 34).
-
- The RIP-2 MIB description is defined in RFC 1724 [3]. This memo
- obsoletes RFC 1389.
-
- 2. Key Features
-
- While RIP-2 shares the same basic algorithms as RIP-1, it supports
- several new features. They are: external route tags, subnet masks,
- next hop addresses, and authentication.
-
- The significant change from RFC 1388 is the removal of the domain
- field. There was no clear agreement as to how the field would be
- used, so it was determined to leave the field reserved for future
- expansion.
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- Malkin [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1721 RIP-2 Analysis November 1994
-
-
- 2.1 External Route Tags
-
- The route tag field may be used to propagate information acquired
- from an EGP. The definition of the contents of this field are beyond
- the scope of this protocol. However, it may be used, for example, to
- propagate an EGP AS number.
-
- 2.2 Subnet Masks
-
- Inclusion of subnet masks was the original intent of opening the RIP
- protocol for improvement. Subnet mask information makes RIP more
- useful in a variety of environments and allows the use of variable
- subnet masks on the network. Subnet masks are also necessary for
- implementation of "classless" addressing, as the CIDR work proposes.
-
- 2.3 Next Hop Addresses
-
- Support for next hop addresses allows for optimization of routes in
- an environment which uses multiple routing protocols. For example,
- if RIP-2 were being run on a network along with another IGP, and one
- router ran both protocols, then that router could indicate to the
- other RIP-2 routers that a better next hop than itself exists for a
- given destination.
-
- 2.4 Authentication
-
- One significant improvement RIP-2 offers over RIP-1, is the addition
- of an authentication mechanism. Essentially, it is the same
- extensible mechanism provided by OSPF. Currently, only a plain-text
- password is defined for authentication. However, more sophisticated
- authentication schemes can easily be incorporated as they are
- defined.
-
- 2.5 Multicasting
-
- RIP-2 packets may be multicast instead of being broadcast. The use
- of an IP multicast address reduces the load on hosts which do not
- support routing protocols. It also allows RIP-2 routers to share
- information which RIP-1 routers cannot hear. This is useful since a
- RIP-1 router may misinterpret route information because it cannot
- apply the supplied subnet mask.
-
- 3. RIP-2 MIB
-
- The MIB for RIP-2 allows for monitoring and control of RIP's
- operation within the router. In addition to global and per-interface
- counters and controls, there are per-peer counters which provide the
- status of RIP-2 "neighbors".
-
-
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- Malkin [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1721 RIP-2 Analysis November 1994
-
-
- The MIB was modified to deprecate the domain, which was removed from
- the protocol. It has also been converted into version 2 format.
-
- 4. Implementations
-
- Currently, there are three complete implementations of RIP-2: GATED,
- written by Jeffrey Honig at Cornell University; Xylogics's Annex
- Communication server; and an implementation for NOS, written by Jeff
- White. The GATED implementation is available by anonymous FTP from
- gated.cornell.edu as pub/gated/gated-alpha.tar.Z. The implementation
- for NOS is available by anonymous FTP from ucsd.edu as
- /hamradio/packet/tcpip/incoming/rip2.zip.
-
- Additionally, Midnight Networks has produced a test suite which
- verifies an implementation's conformance to RFC 1388 implemented over
- RFC 1058.
-
- The author has conducted interoperability testing between the GATED
- and Xylogics implementations and found no incompatibilities. This
- testing includes verification of protection provided by the
- authentication mechanism described in section 2.4.
-
- 5. Operational experience
-
- Xylogics has been running RIP-2 on its production systems for five
- months. The topology includes seven subnets in a class B address and
- various, unregistered class C addresses used for dial-up access. Six
- systems, in conjunction with three routers from other vendors and
- dozens of host systems, operate on those subnets.
-
- The only problem which has appeared is the reaction of some routers
- to Version 2 RIP packets. Contrary to RFC 1058, these routers
- discard Version 2 packets rather than ignoring the fields not defined
- for Version 1.
-
- 6. References
-
- [1] Malkin, G., "RIP Version 2 Protocol Applicability Statement", RFC
- 1722, Xylogics, Inc., November 1994.
-
- [2] Malkin, G., "RIP Version 2 - Carrying Additional Information",
- RFC 1723, Xylogics, Inc., November 1994.
-
- [3] Malkin, G., and F. Baker, "RIP Version 2 MIB Extension", RFC
- 1724, Xylogics, Inc., Cisco Systems, November 1994.
-
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- Malkin [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1721 RIP-2 Analysis November 1994
-
-
- 7. Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are discussed in sections 2.4 and 4.
-
- 8. Author's Address
-
- Gary Scott Malkin
- Xylogics, Inc.
- 53 Third Avenue
- Burlington, MA 01803
-
- Phone: (617) 272-8140
- EMail: gmalkin@Xylogics.COM
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- Malkin [Page 4]
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