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- Network Working Group S. Hanks
- Request for Comments: 1702 NetSmiths, Ltd.
- Category: Informational T. Li
- D. Farinacci
- P. Traina
- cisco Systems
- October 1994
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- Generic Routing Encapsulation over IPv4 networks
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- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
- does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Introduction
-
- In an earlier memo [RFC 1701], we described GRE, a mechanism for
- encapsulating arbitrary packets within an arbitrary transport
- protocol. This is a companion memo which describes the use of GRE
- with IP. This memo addresses the case of using IP as the delivery
- protocol or the payload protocol and the special case of IP as both
- the delivery and payload. This memo also describes using IP
- addresses and autonomous system numbers as part of a GRE source
- route.
-
- IP as a delivery protocol
-
- GRE packets which are encapsulated within IP will use IP protocol
- type 47.
-
- IP as a payload protocol
-
- IP packets will be encapsulated with a Protocol Type field of 0x800.
-
- For the Address Family value of 0x800, the Routing Information field
- will consist of a list of IP addresses and indicates an IP source
- route. The first octet of the Routing Information field constitute a
- 8 bit integer offset from the start of the Source Route Entry (SRE),
- called the SRE Offset. The SRE Offset indicates the first octet of
- the next IP address. The SRE Length field consists of the total
- length of the IP Address List in octets.
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- Hanks, Li, Farinacci & Traina [Page 1]
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- RFC 1702 GRE over IPv4 networks October 1994
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-
- This has the form:
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Address Family | SRE Offset | SRE Length |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | IP Address List ...
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
- For the Address Family value of 0xfffe, the Routing Information field
- will consist of a list of Autonomous System numbers and indicates an
- AS source route. The third octet of the Routing Information field
- contains an 8 bit unsigned integer offset from the start of the
- Source Route Entry (SRE), called the SRE Offset. The SRE Offset
- indicates the first octet of the next AS number. THe SRE Length
- field consists of the total length of the AS Number list in octets.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Address Family | SRE Offset | SRE Length |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | AS Number List ...
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
- IP as both delivery and payload protocol
-
- When IP is encapsulated in IP, the TTL, TOS, and IP security options
- MAY be copied from the payload packet into the same fields in the
- delivery packet. The payload packet's TTL MUST be decremented when
- the packet is decapsulated to insure that no packet lives forever.
-
- IP source routes
-
- When a system is processing a SRE with an Address Family indicating
- an IP source route, it MUST use the SRE Offset to determine the next
- destination IP address. If the next IP destination is this system,
- the SRE Offset field should be increased by four (the size of an IP
- address). If the SRE Offset is equal to the SRE Length in this SRE,
- then the Offset field in the GRE header should be adjusted to point
- to the next SRE (if any). This should be repeated until the next IP
- destination is not this system or until the entire SRE has been
- processed.
-
- If the source route is incomplete, then the Strict Source Route bit
- is checked. If the source route is a strict source route and the
- next IP destination is NOT an adjacent system, the packet MUST be
-
-
-
- Hanks, Li, Farinacci & Traina [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1702 GRE over IPv4 networks October 1994
-
-
- dropped. Otherwise, the system should use the IP address indicated
- by the Offset field to replace the destination address in the
- delivery header and forward the packet.
-
- Autonomous system source routes
-
- When a system is processing a SRE with an Address Family indicating
- an AS source route, it MUST use the SRE Offset field to determine the
- next autonomous system. If the next autonomous system is the local
- autonomous system, the SRE Offset field should be increased by two
- (the size of an autonomous system number). If the SRE Offset is
- equal to the SRE Length in this SRE, then the Offset field in the GRE
- header should be adjusted to point to the next SRE (if any). This
- should be repeated until the next autonomous system number is not
- equal to the local autonomous system number or until the entire SRE
- has been processed.
-
- If the source route is incomplete, then the Strict Source Route bit
- is checked. If the source route is a strict source route and the
- next autonomous system is NOT an adjacent autonomous system, the
- packet should be dropped. Otherwise, the system should use the
- autonomous system number indicated by the SRE Offset field to replace
- the destination address in the delivery header and forward the
- packet. The exact mechanism for determining the next delivery
- destination address given the AS number is outside of the scope of
- this document.
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
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- Hanks, Li, Farinacci & Traina [Page 3]
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- RFC 1702 GRE over IPv4 networks October 1994
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- Authors' Addresses
-
- Stan Hanks
- NetSmiths, Ltd.
- 2025 Lincoln Highway
- Edison, NJ 08817
-
- EMail: stan@netsmiths.com
-
-
- Tony Li
- cisco Systems, Inc.
- 1525 O'Brien Drive
- Menlo Park, CA 94025
-
- EMail: tli@cisco.com
-
-
- Dino Farinacci
- cisco Systems, Inc.
- 1525 O'Brien Drive
- Menlo Park, CA 94025
-
- EMail: dino@cisco.com
-
-
- Paul Traina
- cisco Systems, Inc.
- 1525 O'Brien Drive
- Menlo Park, CA 94025
-
- EMail: pst@cisco.com
-
- References
-
- RFC 1701
- Hanks, S., Li, T, Farinacci, D., and P. Traina, "Generic Routing
- Encapsulation", RFC 1701, NetSmiths, Ltd., and cisco Systems,
- October 1994.
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- Hanks, Li, Farinacci & Traina [Page 4]
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