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- Network Working Group J. Curran
- Request for Comments: 1669 BBN
- Category: Informational August 1994
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- Market Viability as a IPng Criteria
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- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
- does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- This document was submitted to the IETF IPng area in response to RFC
- 1550. Publication of this document does not imply acceptance by the
- IPng area of any ideas expressed within. Comments should be
- submitted to the big-internet@munnari.oz.au mailing list.
-
- Introduction
-
- In an open marketplace, adoption of new technology is driven by
- consumer demand. New technologies that wish to succeed in the
- marketplace must provide new capabilities or reduced costs to gain
- consumer confidence. Internetworking technologies can be
- particularly difficult to deploy and must provide a correspondingly
- high return on investment. In order to determine market viability of
- new internetworking technology, it's necessary to compare the
- required deployment effort against the potential benefits as seen by
- the customer. "Viability in the Marketplace" is an important
- requirement for any IPng candidate and this paper is an attempt to
- summarize some important factors in determing market viability of
- IPng proposals.
-
- "Pushing" Internetworking Technology
-
- It has been asserted by some that the adoption of a single IPng
- protocol by the computing industry would generate general acceptance
- in the networking industry. There is ample evidence to support this
- view; for example, some of the today's more prevalent networking
- protocols gained initial market acceptance through bundling with
- computer operating systems (e.g. IP via UNIX, DECNET via VMS, etc.)
- It should be noted, however, that this approach to technology
- deployment is by no means assured, and some of today's most popular
- internetworking software (Novell, etc.) have thrived despite
- alternatives bundled by computing manufacturers. Given that IPng
- will have to compete against an well established and mature
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- Curran [Page 1]
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- RFC 1669 IPng White Paper on Market Viability August 1994
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- internetworking protocol (IP version 4), promotion of an IPng
- solution by computer system manufacturers should be recognized as
- highly desirable but not sufficient on its own to ensure IPng
- acceptance in the marketplace.
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- Can IPng compete against IPv4?
-
- Given the large installed base of IPv4 systems, computer system
- manufacturers will need to continue to provide IPv4 capabilities for
- the foreseeable future. With both IPng and IPv4 support in their new
- systems, users will be facing a difficult choice between using IPv4
- and IPng for internetworking. Existing IPv4 users will migrate to
- IPng for one of three possible reasons:
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- New functionality not found in IPv4
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- IPng needs to provide functionality equivalent to that currently
- provided by IPv4. It remains to be seen whether additional
- functionality (such as resource reservation, mobility,
- autoconfiguration, autoregistration, or security) will be included in
- the base specification of any IPng candidate. In order to provide
- motivation to migrate to IPng, it will be necessary for IPng
- proposals to offer capabilities beyond those already provided IPv4.
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- Reduced costs by using IPng
-
- It is quite unlikely that migration to IPng will result in cost
- savings in any organization. Migration to IPng will certainly result
- in an increased need for training and engineering, and hence
- increased costs.
-
- To gain connectivity to otherwise unreachable IPng hosts
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- For existing sites with valid IPv4 network assignments, connectivity
- is not affected until address depletion occurs. Systems with
- globally-unique IPv4 addresses will have complete connectivity to any
- systems since backwards-compatible communication is required of new
- IPng hosts.
-
- From the perspective of an existing IPv4 site, IPng provides little
- tangible benefit until IPv4 address depletion occurs and
- organizations reachable only via IPng appear. Given the absence of
- benefits from migration, it is uncertain whether a significant base
- of IPng sites will be occur prior to IPv4 address depletion.
-
- Sites which are not yet running IP have little motivation to deploy
- IPng for the immediate future. As long as IPv4 network assignments
- are available, new sites have an choice to use IPv4 which provides
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-
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- Curran [Page 2]
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- RFC 1669 IPng White Paper on Market Viability August 1994
-
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- the sufficient internetworking capabilities (measured in
- functionality, cost, and connectivity) for many organizations today.
- Given the parity in IPng and IPv4 capabilities, IPv4 (as a more
- mature internetworking protocol) is the more probable choice for
- organizations just now selecting an internetworking protocol.
-
- Once IPv4 address assignments are no longer available, sites wishing
- to participate in the global Internet will have a very difficult
- decision in selection of an internetworking protocol. The current
- suite of IPng proposals cannot provide complete internetworking
- between IPng-only sites and IPv4-only sites since (by definition)
- there will be insufficient space to map all IPng addresses into the
- IPv4 address space. As none of the proposals currently call for
- dynamic network address translation (NAT), it is inevitable that
- IPng-only sites will have access to a partial set of IPv4 sites at
- any given moment.
-
- Internetworking services which do not allow complete access to the
- global Internet (IPv4 and IPng in the post-IPv4-address-depletion
- world) are clearly not as valuable as services which offer complete
- Internet access. Sites which are unable to obtain IPv4 network
- assignments will be seeking Internet services which can provide
- complete Internet service. Additionally, some sites will have
- "privately numbered" IPv4 networks and will desire similar Internet
- services which provide transparent access to the entire Internet. The
- development of network address translation devices and subsequent
- services is highly likely under these market conditions.
-
- Summary
-
- No internetworking vendor (whether host, router, or service vendor)
- can afford to deploy and support products and services which are not
- desired in the marketplace. Given the potential proliferation of
- network address translation devices, it is not clear that IPng will
- secure sufficient following to attain market viability. In the past,
- we have seen internetworking protocols fail in the marketplace
- despite vendor deployment and IPng cannot succeed if it is not
- deployed by organizations. As currently envisioned, IPng may not be
- ambitious enough in the delivery of new capabilities to compete
- against IPv4 and the inevitable arrival of network address
- translation devices. In order to meet the requirement for "viability
- in the marketplace', IPng needs to deliver clearly improved
- functionality over IPv4 while offering some form transparent access
- between the IPv4 and IPng communities once IPv4 address depletion has
- occurred.
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- Curran [Page 3]
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- RFC 1669 IPng White Paper on Market Viability August 1994
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- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- Author's Address
-
- John Curran
- BBN Technology Services, Inc.
- 10 Moulton Street
- Cambridge MA 02138
-
- EMail: jcurran@near.net
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- Curran [Page 4]
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