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- Network Working Group R. Atkinson
- Request for Comments: 1626 Naval Research Laboratory
- Category: Standards Track May 1994
-
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- Default IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Default Value for IP MTU over ATM AAL5
-
- Protocols in wide use throughout the Internet, such as the Network
- File System (NFS), currently use large frame sizes (e.g. 8 KB).
- Empirical evidence with various applications over the Transmission
- Control Protocol (TCP) indicates that larger Maximum Transmission
- Unit (MTU) sizes for the Internet Protocol (IP) tend to give better
- performance. Fragmentation of IP datagrams is known to be highly
- undesirable. [KM87] It is desirable to reduce fragmentation in the
- network and thereby enhance performance by having the IP Maximum
- Transmission Unit (MTU) for AAL5 be reasonably large. NFS defaults
- to an 8192 byte frame size. Allowing for RPC/XDR, UDP, IP, and LLC
- headers, NFS would prefer a default MTU of at least 8300 octets.
- Routers can sometimes perform better with larger packet sizes because
- most of the performance costs in routers relate to "packets handled"
- rather than "bytes transferred". So there are a number of good
- reasons to have a reasonably large default MTU value for IP over ATM
- AAL5.
-
- RFC 1209 specifies the IP MTU over SMDS to be 9180 octets, which is
- larger than 8300 octets but still in the same range. [RFC-1209] There
- is no good reason for the default MTU of IP over ATM AAL5 to be
- different from IP over SMDS, given that they will be the same
- magnitude. Having the two be the same size will be helpful in
- interoperability and will also help reduce incidence of IP
- fragmentation.
-
- Therefore, the default IP MTU for use with ATM AAL5 shall be 9180
- octets. All implementations compliant and conformant with this
- specification shall support at least the default IP MTU value for use
- over ATM AAL5.
-
-
-
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- Atkinson [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1626 Default IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5 May 1994
-
-
- Permanent Virtual Circuits
-
- Implementations which only support Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs)
- will (by definition) not implement any ATM signalling protocol. Such
- implementations shall use the default IP MTU value of 9180 octets
- unless both parties have agreed in advance to use some other IP MTU
- value via some mechanism not specified here.
-
- Switched Virtual Circuits
-
- Implementations that support Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs) MUST
- attempt to negotiate the AAL CPCS-SDU size using the ATM signalling
- protocol. The industry standard ATM signalling protocol uses two
- different parts of the Information Element named "AAL Parameters" to
- exchange information on the MTU over the ATM circuit being setup
- [ATMF93a]. The Forward Maximum CPCS-SDU Size field contains the
- value over the path from the calling party to the called party. The
- Backwards Maximum CPCS-SDU Size Identifier field contains the value
- over the path from the called party to the calling party. The ATM
- Forum specifies the valid values of this identifier as 1 to 65535
- inclusive. Note that the ATM Forum's User-to-Network-Interface (UNI)
- signalling permits the MTU in one direction to be different from the
- MTU in the opposite direction, so the Forward Maximum CPCS-SDU Size
- Identifier might have a different value from the Backwards Maximum
- CPCS-SDU Size Identifier on the same connection.
-
- If the calling party wishes to use the default MTU it shall still
- include the "AAL Parameters" information element with the default
- values for the Maximum CPCS-SDU Size as part of the SETUP message of
- the ATM signalling protocol [ATMF93b]. If the calling party desires
- to use a different value than the default, it shall include the "AAL
- Parameters" information element with the desired value for the
- Maximum CPCS-SDU Size as part of the SETUP message of the ATM
- Signalling Protocol. The called party will respond using the same
- information elements and identifiers in its CONNECT message response
- [ATMF93c].
-
- If the called party receives a SETUP message containing the "Maximum
- CPCS-SDU Size" in the AAL Parameters information element, it shall
- handle the Forward and Backward Maximum CPCS-SDU Size Identifier as
- follows:
-
- a) If it is able to accept the ATM MTU values proposed by the
- SETUP message, it shall include an AAL Parameters information
- element in its response. The Forward and Backwards Maximum
- CPCS-SDU Size fields shall be present and their values shall be
- equal to the corresponding values in the SETUP message.
-
-
-
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- Atkinson [Page 2]
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- RFC 1626 Default IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5 May 1994
-
-
- b) If it wishes a smaller ATM MTU size than that proposed, then
- it shall set the values of the Maximum CPCS-SDU Size in the AAL
- Parameters information elements equal to the desired value in the
- CONNECT message responding to the original SETUP message.
-
- c) If the calling endpoint receives a CONNECT message that does
- not contain the AAL Parameters Information Element, but the
- corresponding SETUP message did contain the AAL Parameters
- Information Telement (including the forward and backward CPCS-SDU
- Size fields), it shall clear the call with cause "AAL Parameters
- cannot be supported".
-
- d) If either endpoint receives a STATUS message with cause
- "Information Element Non-existent or Not Implemented" or cause
- ""Access Information Discarded", and with a diagnostic field
- indicating the AAL Parameters Information Element identifier, it
- shall clear the call with cause "AAL Parameters cannot be
- supported."
-
- e) If either endpoint receives CPCS-SDUs in excess of the
- negotiated MTU size, it may use IP fragmentation or may clear the
- call with cause "AAL Parameters cannot be supported". In this
- case, an error has occurred either due to a fault in an end
- system or in the ATM network. The error should be noted by ATM
- network management for human examination and intervention.
-
- If the called endpoint incorrectly includes the Forward and Backward
- Maximum CPCS-SDU Size fields in the CONNECT messages (e.g. because
- the original SETUP message did not include these fields) or it sets
- these fields to an invalid value, then the calling party shall clear
- the call with cause "Invalid Information Element Contents".
-
- Path MTU Discovery Required
-
- The Path MTU Discovery mechanism is an Internet Standard [RFC-1191]
- and is an important mechanism for reducing IP fragmentation in the
- Internet. This mechanism is particularly important because new
- subnet ATM uses a default MTU sizes significantly different from
- older subnet technologies such as Ethernet and FDDI.
-
- In order to ensure good performance throughout the Internet and also
- to permit IP to take full advantage of the potentially larger IP
- datagram sizes supported by ATM, all routers implementations that
- comply or conform with this specification must also implement the IP
- Path MTU Discovery mechanism as defined in RFC-1191 and clarified by
- RFC-1435. Host implementations should implement the IP Path MTU
- Discovery mechanism as defined in RFC-1191.
-
-
-
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- Atkinson [Page 3]
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- RFC 1626 Default IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5 May 1994
-
-
- Applicability Statement
-
- The Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM AAL5 defined in RFC-1483 is
- not specific to any model of IP and ATM interaction. [RFC-1483]
- Similarly, this specification is general enough to apply to all
- models for use of IP over ATM AAL5. Use of this specification is
- recommended for all implementatons of IP over ATM AAL5 in order to
- increase interoperability and performance. This specification does
- not conflict with the Classical IP over ATM specification and may be
- used as a conforming extension to that specification. [RFC-1577]
- Applicability of this draft is not limited to the Classical IP over
- ATM model.
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- References
-
- [RFC-791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol - DARPA Internet Program
- Protocol Specification", STD 5, RFC 791, DARPA, September
- 1981.
-
- [RFC-793] Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol - DARPA
- Internet Program Protocol Specification", STD 7, RFC 793,
- DARPA, September 1981.
-
- [RFC-1122] Braden, R., Editor, Requirements for Internet Hosts --
- Communications Layers, STD 3, RFC 1122, USC/Information Sciences
- Institute, October 1989, pp.58-60.
-
- [RFC-1191] Mogul, J., and S. Deering, "Path MTU Discovery",
- RFC 1191, DECWRL, Stanford University, November 1990.
-
- [RFC-1209] Piscitello, D., and J. Lawrence, "The Transmission of
- IP Datagrams over the SMDS Service", RFC 1209, Bell Communications
- Research, March 1991.
-
- [RFC-1435] Knowles, S., "IESG Advice from Experience with Path MTU
- Discovery, RFC-1435, IESG, March 1993.
-
- [RFC-1483] Heinanen, J., "Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM
- Adapatation Layer 5", RFC 1483, Telecom Finland, July 1993.
-
- [RFC-1577] Laubach, M., "Classical IP and ARP over ATM", RFC 1577,
- Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, January 1994.
-
-
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- Atkinson [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1626 Default IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5 May 1994
-
-
- [ATMF93a] Breault, R., Grace, J., Jaeger, J., and L. Wojnaroski,
- Editors, "ATM Forum User Network Interface Specification", Version
- 3.0, Section 5.4.5.5, p. 194-200, 10 September 1993, ATM Forum.
-
- [ATMF93b] Breault, R., Grace, J., Jaeger, J., and L. Wojnaroski,
- Editors, "ATM Forum User Network Interface Specification", Version
- 3.0, Section 5.3.1.7, p. 171-172, 10 September 1993, ATM Forum.
-
- [ATMF93c] Breault, R., Grace, J., Jaeger, J., and L. Wojnaroski,
- Editors, "ATM Forum User Network Interface Specification", Version
- 3.0, Section 5.3.1.3, p. 168, 10 September 1993, ATM Forum.
-
- [KM87] Kent C., and J. Mogul, "Fragmentation Considered Harmful",
- Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '87 Workshop on Frontiers in
- Computer Communications Technology, August 1987.
-
- Acknowledgements
-
- While all members of the IETF's IP over ATM Working Group have been
- helpful, Vern Schryver, Rob Warnock, Craig Partridge, Subbu
- Subramaniam, and Bryan Lyles have been especially helpful to the
- author in analysing the host and routing implications of the default
- IP MTU value. Similarly, Dan Grossman provided significant review
- and help in ensuring alignment of this text with the related work in
- the ATM Forum and ITU.
-
- Disclaimer
-
- Author's organisation provided for identification purposes only.
- This document presents the author's views and is not necessarily the
- official opinion of his employer.
-
- Author's Address
-
- Randall J. Atkinson
- Information Technology Division
- Naval Research Laboratory
- Washington, DC 20375-5320
- USA
-
- EMail: atkinson@itd.nrl.navy.mil
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- Atkinson [Page 5]
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