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- Network Working Group T. N. Pyke, Jr.
- Request for Comments 230 NBS
- NIC 7647 24 September 1971
- Category: C5
- Reference #203
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-
- TOWARD RELIABLE OPERATION
- OF MINICOMPUTER-BASED TERMINALS ON A TIP
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-
- The present protocol for communication between a TIP and
- attached terminals requires character-oriented transmission and
- provides for no error control. In the design of this protocol, it was
- apparently assumed that the majority of terminals attached to a TIP
- would be interactive, be normally used in a character-by-character
- mode both for transmission to and from the terminal, and normally
- support a human user who would in effect be in the communication loop.
- The human user would thus be in a position to detect any significant
- telecommunication-induced errors both by direct observation of the
- character stream and, more importantly, by examining the computer
- output in the context of his ongoing interaction.
-
- The effectiveness of this means for error detection and
- initiation of corrective measures when necessary is not adequate in
- the following cases:
-
- a. For terminal-TIP communication at a medium or
- higher data rate (say 1200 bps or higher) it is quite possible
- that the human will skim computer output and not be an
- effective character-by-character error detector. In
- particular, when both user input and computer output
- contain numerical data it is possible that significant
- undetected errors could occur.
-
- b. For terminals located at a distance from the TIP
- and connected either by a private line or the switched
- network more errors may be introduced than with a
- terminal local to the TIP (see Note 1). When a large
- number of user terminals are connected to TIP's through
- telecommunications facilities, whether within a single
- organization or, even more likely, when users and user
- groups not needing the full TIP capability are connected
- to a remote TIP, this problem may arise.
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- [Page 1]
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- c. For terminals containing a substantial amount of logic,
- including possibly a minicomputer, a human user is very
- likely not in the direct terminal-TIP communications loop.
- This case is important, since both alphanumeric and full
- graphics terminals containing minis are now becoming
- popular.
-
- d. An interesting potential application of the network is to
- provide support for minicomputers used for process
- control and other laboratory measurement functions. In
- providing software support for such minis as well as
- acquiring data from them usually there is no human user
- in the communication loop.
-
- e. A number of sites already offer a remote job entry
- service. Although the present sites assume that the unit
- record devices such as card readers and line printers are
- files within a multiprogrammed system at another site, it
- appears natural that remote batch terminals be attached
- to the network through TIP's. Here again, there would be
- no human in the loop between the terminal and the TIP.
-
- In addition to some degree of error control on these types of
- terminal loops, it may be desirable to provide for block-oriented data
- transmission, at least for terminals of types (d) and (e) and possibly
- (c) above. It is possible that error control utilizing block
- transmission can be superimposed on the present TIP-terminal
- communication protocol. Data blocks, including error control and block
- delimiting information, can be multiples of a single character in
- length. The communication channel would still not be as fully utilized
- as for conventional synchronous block communication, since start and
- stop bits for each character would need to be transmitted. This loss
- is not substantial and does occur now for 2000 bps TIP-terminal
- communication.
-
- There are at least two ways to implement such a protocol on
- top of the existing TIP-terminal communication protocol. In both
- cases, the remote terminal would have to handle both originate and
- receive error and block control procedures:
-
- a. Through an addition to TIP software, the controlled
- communication loop could terminate in the TIP, thus
- providing error control only where it is most needed,
- between the TIP and the terminal. This, however, would
- involve additional TIP software and a block buffering
- capability which may put an excessive load on the TIP.
-
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- [Page 2]
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- b. The other end of the block transmission error control
- loop could be in the serving host system, either in an
- applications program or in system support software.
-
- If the remote end of the block transmission error control loop
- is in the serving host, then this software could possibly be used for
- host-to-host, end-to-end error control in addition to
- host-host-terminal end-to-end error control. For host-to-host
- communication, however, there would be a slight loss in efficiency due
- to the imbedded character-oriented format, unless an option were
- provided in which start/stop bits were not required.
-
-
- -------------------------------
- Note 1: The most recent published data concerning data transmission
- error performance of the switched telecommunications network is
- provided in the 1969-70 Connection Survey conducted by Bell
- Laboratories. The results are published in The Bell System Technical
- Journal, Vol. 4, No. 50, April 1971. In this survey, 12 receiving and
- 92 transmitting sites in the U.S. and Canada were used with standard
- Bell System Dataphone datasets used at both ends. At both 1200 and
- 2000 bps, approximately 82% of the calls had error rates of 1 error in
- 10^5 bits or better, assuming an equal number of short, medium, and
- long hauls.
-
- The results of this survey for low-speed, start/stop data
- transmission at rates up to 300 bps indicate a character error rate of
- 1 error in 10^4 characters or better on 77.6% of all calls made within
- the survey. It is interesting to note that only 48.3% of the low-speed
- data tests completed were error-free. These tests were nominally 40
- minutes in length.
-
- For voice grade private line data channels, the Bell System
- technical reference, "Transmission Specifications for Voice Grade
- Private Line Data Channels," dated March 1969 reports "When a Bell
- System dataset is combined with the recommended channel, the expected
- long term average error rate of the system is 1 error in 10^5 bits or
- better during normal transmission conditions. "
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- [ This RFC was put into machine readable form for entry ]
- [ into the online RFC archives by BBN Corp. under the ]
- [ direction of Alex McKenzie. 12/96 ]
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