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-
-
- Disclaimer Notice:
-
- This file is presented as an INFORMATIONAL file only.
- Do not try any of the things mentioned in the text file
- as some of them are illegal to do. The bbs operator take
- NO responsibilty.
-
- ---------------------------------------
- How Ma Bell Works
- ---------------------------------------
-
- In this article, I will first describe the termination,
- wiring, and terminal hardware most commonly used in the Bell
- system, and I will include section on methods of using them.
-
-
- -------------
- LOCAL NETWORK
- -------------
-
- The local telephone network between the central
- office/exchange and the telephone subscribers can be briefly
- described as follows:
-
- From the central office (or local exchange) of a certain
- prefix(es), underground area trunks go to each area that has that
- prefix (Usually more than one prefix per area.) At every few
- streets or tract areas, the underground cables surface. They then
- go to the telephone pole (or back underground, depending on the
- area) and then to the subsribers house (or in the case of an
- apartment building or mutliline business, to a splitter or dis-
- tribution box/panel).
-
- Now that we have the basics, I'll try and go in-depth on the
- subject.
-
- ------------------
- UNDERGROUND CABLES
- ------------------
-
- These are sometimes inter-office trunks, but usually in a
- residential area they are trunk lines that go to bridging heads
- or distribution cases. The cables are about 2-3 inches thick
- (varies), and are either in a metal or pvc-type pipe (or
- similiar). Rarely (maybe not in some remote rural areas) are the
- cables just 'alone' in the ground. Instead they are usually in
- an underground cement tunnel (resembles a small sewer or storm-
- drain.) The manholes are >heavy< and will say 'Bell system' on
- them. they can be opened with a 1/2 inch wide crowbar (Hookside)
- inserted in the top rectangular hole. There are ladder rungs to
- help you climb down. You will see the cable pipes on the wall,
- with the blue and white striped one being the inter-office trunk
- (at least in my area). The others are local lines, and are
- usually marked or color coded. There is almost always a posted
- color code chart on the wall, not to mention Telco manuals de-
- scribing the cables and terminals, so I need not get into detail.
- Also, there is usually some kind of test equipment, and often
- Bell test sets are left in there.
-
- --------------
- BRIDGING HEADS
- --------------
-
- The innocent-looking grayish-green boxes. These can be
- either trunk bridges or bridging for residences. The major trunk
- bridging heads are usually larger, and they have the 'Western
- Electric' logo at the bottom, whereas the normal bridging heads
- (which may be different in some areas-depending on the company
- you are served by. GTE B.H.'s look slightly different. Also, do
- not be fooled by sprinkler boxes!) They can be found in just
- about every city.
-
- To open a bridging head: if it is locked (and you're feeling
- destructive), put a hammer or crowbar (the same one you used on
- the manhole) in the slot above the top hinge of the right door.
- Pull hard, and the door will rip off. Very effective! If it isn't
- locked (as usual), take a 7/8 inch hex socket and with it, turn
- the bolt about 1/8 of a turn to the right (you should hear a
- spring release inside). Holding the bolt, turn the handle all the
- way to the left and pull out.
-
- To Check for a test-set (which are often left by Bell employees),
- go inside - First check for a test-set (which are often left
- by Bell employees). There should be a panel of terminals and
- wires. Push the panel back about an inch or so, and rotate the
- top latch (round with a flat section) downward. Release the
- panel and it will fall all the way forward. There is usually a
- large amount of wire and extra terminals. The test-sets are
- often hidden here, so don$ overlook it (Manuals, as well, are
- sometimes placed in the head). On the right door is a metal box
- of alligator clips. Take a few (Compliments of Bell.). On each
- door is a useful little round metal device. (Says 'insert gently'
- or' clamp gently - do not overtighten' etc..) On the front of
- the disc, you should find two terminals. These are for your test
- set. (If you dont have one, dont despair -I'll show you ways to
- make basic test sets later in this article).
-
- Hook the ring (-) wire to the 'r' terminal; and the tip (+)
- wire to the other. (By the way, an easy way to determine the
- correct polarity is with a 1.5v LED. Tap it to the term. pair,
- if it doesnt light, switch the poles until it does. When it
- lights,find the longer of the two LED poles: This one will be on
- the tip wire (+). Behind the disc is a coiled up cord. This
- should have two alligator clips on it.. Its very useful, because
- you dont have to keep connecting and disconnecting the fone (test
- set) itself, and the clips work nicely.
-
- On the terminal board, there should be about 10 screw
- terminals per side. Follow the wires, and you can see which
- cable pairs are active. Hook the clips to the terminal pair, and
- you're set! Dial out if you want, or just listen (If someone's
- on theline). Later, I'll show you a way to set up a true 'tap'
- that will let the person dial out on his line and receive calls
- as normal, and you can listen in the whole time. More about this
- later...
-
- On major prefix-area bridging heads, you can see 'local
- loops' ,which are two cable pairs (cable pair = ring+tip, a fone
- line) that are directly connected to each other on the terminal
- board. These 'cheap loops' as they are called, do not work
- nearLy as well as the existing ones set up in the switching
- hardware at the exchange office. (Try scanning your prefixes'
- 00xx to 99xx #'s.) The tone sides will announce themselves with
- the 1008 hz loop tone, and the hang side will give no response.
- The first person should dial the 'hang' side, and the other
- person dial the tone side, and the tone should stop if you have
- got the right loop.)
-
- If you want to find the number of the line that you're on,
- you can either try to decipher the 'bridging log' (or whatever),
- which is on the left door. If that doesnt work, you can use the
- follwing:
-
- ---------------------------
- ANI # (Automatic Number ID)
- ---------------------------
-
- This is a Telco test number that reports to you the number
- that youre calling from (It's the same, choppy 'Bell bitch' voice
- that you get when you reach a disconnected #)
-
- For the 213 NPA - Dial 1223
- 408 NPA - Dial 760
- 914 NPA - Dial 990
-
- These are extremely useful when messing with any kind of
- line terminals, house boxes, etc.
-
- Now that we have bridging heads wired, we can go on... (dont
- forget to close and latch the box after all... Wouldnt want to GE
- and Telco people mad, now,would we?)
-
- Continued in: Ma Bell part II
-
-
-