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- Unauthorised Access UK 0636-708063 10pm-7am 12oo/24oo
-
- File : NZFONES.TXT
- Author : The Defecator
- BBS : The Banana Republic BBS
-
- 24/01/89
- _____________________________________________________________
-
- PHREAKING IN NZ -- by The Defecator
-
- A Banana Republic Production complete with piped-in music
- Update 0.9 -- Not for general distribution!
- _____________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- INTRODUCTION
-
- There are many files floating around the place informing you on the various
- aspects of the fone system and other assorted activities. Unfortunately,
- most of these files are from the US and consequently a few of the details
- given only apply to the US fone system. This document intends to provide
- some details on the NZ fone system. Please note that this file is for
- informative purposes only, and since it is only version 0.9 there may be some
- incorrect information!
-
-
-
- WIRING
-
- NZ uses the same plugs and jacks as British Telecom uses. The jacks are
- known as BT jacks. These support 6-wire wiring systems. The wires are
- designated as follows:
-
-
- Wire Colour Purpose
-
- 1 Orange Unused
- 2 Red B-leg
- 3 Blue Anti-Tinkle
- 4 Green Ground
- 5 White A-leg
- 6 Black Unused
-
-
- These numbers are with respect to the terminals inside a BT jack. On a BT
- plug, however, the numbering is reversed.
-
- On the US fone system, the two important wires are known as the tip and ring,
- coloured green and red respectively. These are the wires that come from the
- exchange. The equivalent wires for the BT system are the A-leg and B-leg,
- coloured white and red respectively. To remember which is which, just note
- that the red wires are the same for both fone systems. For each line there is
- what is called a "master socket". There is only one per line and the purpose
- of this is to generate the anti-tinkle wire (green). The ground wire is not
- normally used.
-
-
-
- VOLTAGES & RINGING
-
- When your fone is hung up, there is about 60V or so potential across the A-leg
- and B-leg. When you lift up the fone, this drops to about 12V. This is
- similar to the US system but knowing Telecom the voltages will vary a lot
- from place to place. The ringing frequency from exchanges applies may be
- either 25Hz or 16.67Hz, according to Telecom.
-
-
-
- PULSE DIALLING
-
- This is the dialling method used on old rotary fones. US fones use different
- numbers of pulses than NZ fones. US fones use 1 pulse to dial 1, 2 pulses
- to dial 2, etc. plus 10 pulses to dial 0. For NZ fones, the number of pulses
- for digits 1-9 are reversed, as shown:
-
-
- Digit: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-
- # Pulses (US): 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- # Pulses (NZ): 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
-
-
- A pulse is generated by cutting the line for a very short time. Pulse
- dialling in NZ requires 9-11 pulses per second, and a gap of more than 750ms
- but not less than 1.5 seconds between digits (this is according to Telecom,
- so you could probably push these figures a bit).
-
- Some files mention flashing switchhooks to get around locked fones. This is
- fairly well-known and is commonly used on fortress fones around NZ to obtain
- free fone calls, but remember that the pulses are reversed, and dialing 0
- won't get you to an operator unless you are connected to an old exchange
- that doesn't have STD facilities.
-
-
-
- DTMF (DUAL-TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY) DIALLING
-
- This is the dialling method used on the newer pushbutton (touch-tone) fones.
- For each digit dialled, the fone transmits two tones of different frequencies
- simultaneously. Both the US and NZ fone system have this in common, and in
- fact use the same tones. The following table shows the two frequencies
- required for each signal:
-
-
- 1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz
-
- 697 Hz 1 2 3 A
-
- 770 Hz 4 5 6 B
-
- 852 Hz 7 8 9 C
-
- 941 Hz * 0 # D
-
-
- So in order to dial 6 you need to transmit tones of 770Hz and 1477Hz simul-
- taneously. As you should know, NZ fones have digits 0-9 plus the * and
- # keys, but do not have the A-D keys.
-
- According to Telecom, each signal has to be at least 70ms (milliseconds)
- long, and the gap between each digit must be at least 70ms. The frequencies
- must be within +/- 1.5% of the given value. Again, these are Telecom's
- figures which are normally conservative so you could probably push 60ms at
- times.
-
-
-
- OTHER STUFF
-
- There are many other tones used on exchanges for various purposes. In
- general, Telecom doesn't like people to transmit frequencies outside the
- range 300Hz - 3400Hz onto the fone system. Telecom apparently transmits
- various tones outside normal audio range on fone lines "from time to time".
-
- Within the 300 - 3400Hz range, there are a few "supervisory" tones Telecom
- use for various purposes. They are provided for your information here:
-
-
- Dial tone: 400Hz continuous
- Busy tone: 400Hz interrupted
- # unobtainable: 400Hz interrupted
- Ringing tone: 400Hz+450Hz or 400Hz
- Disconnect tone: 400Hz or 900Hz interrupt unbalanced
- AC1 signalling: 600Hz, 750Hz
- AC2 signalling: 2280Hz
-
-
- The first five tones are normally encountered on the NZ system. The dial
- tone is the most common, and the busy tone and ringing tones should be
- familiar to all. The # unobtainable tones is the signal you hear when the
- number you have dialed does not exist, has been disconnected or is otherwise
- unobtainable. The sound can be described as four short bips repeated:
- bip-bip-bip-bip...bip-bip-bip-bip...bip-bip-bip-bip...etc. The disconnect
- tone is somewhat rarer, but you hear it when the an exchange is overloaded
- and the system has disconnected you. It sounds similar to the busy tone.
-
- The last two tones, as I understand it, are present on the line to tell what
- state it is in: AC1 if the line is in use, and AC2 when it is free. When
- you are using a line, AC1 is present, but you can't hear it due to filters
- at the exchanges, but it is nevertheless there and Telecom can tell it's
- there.
-
- Another frequency, commonly mentioned in US files, is 2600Hz. As far as I
- know, this tone does nothing in the NZ fone system and the equivalent tone
- is 2280Hz. Also another set of tones known as the inter-office signalling
- tones appear, normally along with 2600Hz (these DTMF tones are made up from
- 700Hz, 900Hz, 1100Hz, 1300Hz, 1500Hz and 1700Hz). Because the override tone
- is different for the NZ system, the inter-office signalling tones could quite
- easily be different as well, in which case US blue boxes are useless in the
- NZ fone system and would have to be recalibrated. This file will be updated
- as new information comes to light, so watch out for updates!
-
- Finally, Telecom doesn't like frequencies in the range 2250 - 2700Hz on
- international calls (note that this range includes the US's 2600Hz). So
- feel free to experiment with these tones.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- AUTHOR: The Defecator
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Brought to the WORLD by The Banana Republic BBS, Auckland, New Zealand.
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