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- )_/:> RSX11M Version 3.X Real Time Operating System <:\_(
-
- [:> An Introduction <:]
-
- Written By:
-
- -=%> Terminus & Lord Digital <%=-
-
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- [: Originally Displayed On: Metro - Net System 001 [301]/944-3023 :]
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-
- ---------------
- [ Description ]:>
- ---------------
-
- RSX11M is a disk-based real time operating system which runs on any PDP11
- processor except the PDP11/03 or the LSI-11.It provides an environment for the
- execution of multiple real time tasks (program images) using a priority
- structured event driven scheduling mechanism.System generation allows the
- user to configure the software for systems ranging in size from small 16K
- word systems to 1920K word systems.
- RSX11M can be generated as either a mapped or unmapped system,depending on
- whether the hardware configuration includes a KT11 Memory Management Unit.
- If the configuration does not include hardware memory management the system
- can support between 16K and 28K words of memory.If the configuration includes
- hardware memory management,the system can support between 24K and 124K words
- of memory on processors other than the PDP11/70,or between 64K words and 1920K
- words on the PDP11/70.
- Memory is logically divided into partitions into which tasks are loaded
- and executed.Activity in a partition can be either user controlled or system-
- controlled,the user determines the placement of tasks in the former,and the
- system controls the placement of tasks in the latter.Automatic memory com-
- paction minimizes any fragmentation of a system controlled partition.Unmapped
- systems support only User controlled partitions.Mapped systems support both
- User controlled and System controlled partitions.
- Real time interrupt response is provided by the system's task scheduling
- mechanism which recognizes 250 software priority levels.The user specified task
- priority determines the task's eligibility to execute.A task can be fixed
- in a partition to ensure immediate execution when it is activated,or it can
- reside on disk while it is dormant to make memory available to other tasks.
- Task checkpointing enables tasks to be displaced from a partition to enable a
- higher priority non-resident task to execute.
- RSX11M offers complete program development facilities as well as a real
- time response run-time system.Program development and real time tasks can
- execute concurrently in systems with at least 24K words of memory.The system's
- software priority levels enable the user to compile/assemble,debug and install
- tasks without affecting real time task response.
- Tasks can be written in MACRO-11 assembly language,and optionally FORTRAN4
- FORTRAN IV PLUS,COBOL 11,AND BASIC.Shareable libraries and system support for
- user created libraries are provided.A text editor,utilities,symbol cross ref-
- erence and task memory dump facility is provided to assist task development
- and check out.
- The RSX11M file system provides automatic space allocation and file struc-
- tures for all block-structured devices.Features include:
-
- [*> sequential,random,and relative (with RMS 11) file organizations.
- [*> file protection
- [*> device independence and logical device assignment.
-
- During system generation the user can select a minimum 2K word version of
- the file system to conserve space.On systems with other than the minimum 2K
- word version of the file system,multi header file support is provided.It
- enables file size to be limited only by the capacity of the volume on which it
- resides (usually systems have multiple 160 or 300 Mbyte CDC drives).
- Indirect command file support provides batch like facilities.A terminal user
- can create a file containing system commands.The system can then be instructed
- to execute the commandf2in the file without operator intervention.The indirect
- command file processor can be executing command files concurrent with real
- time task execution.
-
- -------------------
- [ File Specifiers ]:>
- -------------------
-
- DDnn:[group,member]filename.filetype;version/sw.../subsw...
-
- Where:
- DDnn: Is the physical device name on which the volume containing
- the desired file is mounted.For example,DM1: or DQ1:.The name
- consists of two ascii characters followed by an optional one or
- two OCTAL unit number and a colon.
- (Note: In most cases,if a unit number is not given,it will default
- to 0.)
- DD - 2 alpha characters
- nn - 2 OCTAL numbers - range is (0-77)
- : - required when device is specified
-
- [group,member] is the group number and member number associated with
- the User File Directory (UFD) containing the desired file.
-
- [ - required when UIC specified
- group - OCTAL number - range is (0-377)
- member - OCTAL number - range is (0-377)
- ] - required when UIC specified
-
- filename is the name of the file.
-
- filename - ALPHANUMERIC characters - maximum is 9
-
- .filetype is the filetype of the file.The filetype is a convenient
- means of distinguishing different forms of the same file.For example,
- a FORTRAN source program might be named COMP.FTN,the object file for
- the same program might be named COMP.OBJ and the runnable code for the
- program might be named COMP.TSK.
-
- . - required when filetype specified
- filetype - ALPHANUMERIC characters - maximum is 3
-
- ;version is an OCTAL number that specifies different versions of the
- same file.For example,when a file is created,it is assigned a version
- number of 1 by default.Thereafter,each time the file is opened,the File
- Control System (FCS) - F11ACP.TSK - creates a new file with the same
- filename.filetype and a version number incremented by 1.
-
- ; - required when version is specified
- version - OCTAL numbers - range is (1-77777)
-
- /sw.../subsw... discussed later
-
- A program performs I/O on Logical Unit Numbers (LUNs) which the programmer or
- an operator subsequently assigns to specific devices before the program will
- actively use the LUNs.Also,in RSX11M a connected device is inoperable unless
- there is a resident I/O Driver for the device type.An I/O driver performs
- the functions that enable physical I/O operations to occur.RSX11M recognizes
- two types of I/O devices:
- 1. Physical Device Names - names associated with a hardware controller
- 2. Pseudo - device names - names not associated with any physical de-
- vice until they are associated to a physical device.
-
- Name Mfgr Physical Device
- ---- ---- ---------------
- DB DIVA COMPUTROLLER V Controller
- DK DEC RK11 Controller
- DM SI Model 4500 Controller
- DP SI Model 9500 Controller
- DQ SI Model 9500 Controller with shared computer option
- DX DEC RX11 Controller
- FX SMS FT0100D Floppy Controller
- LP VERSATEC Controller and Printer/Plotter
- LT TI Model 810 Line Printer
- MT Magtape Controller
- (DEC TMI Controller)
- (WP Western Peripherals)
- (Cipher Magtape Controller)
- PP DEC PC11 Paper Tape Punch
- PR DEC PC11/PR11 Paper Tape Reader
- TT Any terminal connected
- XL DEC DL11-E Asynchronous Communications Line Interface
-
- Logical devices are System Generation (SYSGEN) options of RSX11M that allow
- the user to assign logical names to physical devices by means of the MCR
- command 'ASN'.
-
- Code Device Function
- ---- ---------------
-
- LB System Library.Disk containing System Libraries
- SD Disk which contains all files necessary for normal system use
- SY System default device containing all tasks and files which do not need
- to be accessed for write functions during normal system operation.
- CO Console Output Device,device to which System error messages are sent.
- This is normally 'RED'irected to TT0:
- CL Console Listing Device.Device which receives all I/O for default LUN 6
- This is normally 'RED'irected to TT0:
- TI Terminal Input device,terminal from which a task was requested.
-
- NULL Device
- -----------
- NL The Bit Bucket
-
-
- ----------------------------
- [ User Identification Code ]:>
- ----------------------------
-
- The purpose of User Identification Codes (UIC) is to provide a method through
- which files can be allocated,located and maintained on a device.On a random
- access device there are User File Directories (UFD) in which files are cata-
- logued.A particular UFD is referenced by specifying the associated UIC.UICs
- are of the form: [group,member]
- The group number identifies the groups of directories.The member number is
- used to identify a specific member of a particular group.The conventions are:
-
- 1. Group numbers between 0 and 7 (octal) are reserved for access by
- the 'system operator'.Users assigned a group number in this range
- are therefore referred to as 'privileged users'.
- 2. The UIC [0,0] is reserved for the System Directory.The associated
- UFD contains a directory of all UFD's on the device.This UFD is
- therefore the Master File Directory (MFD).
- 3. No user can be assigned the UIC [0,0].
-
- Common UIC's on RSX11M Version 3.X
-
- 0,0 Master File Directory
- 1,1 System Libraries
- 1,2 Startup and Help Files
- 1,3 Lost File Directory
- 1,6 Error Logging Files
- 1,54 DEC System Tasks
- 7,2 Error message files
- 7,3 Queue Manager Files
-
-
- --------------------
- [ Getting Specific ]:>
- --------------------
-
- Filetypes
-
- .CMD Indirect Command File (edited and created by the editor)
- .DAT Data File
- .DOC Document File
- .HLP Help File
- .LST List file (generated by the MACRO-11 Assembler)
- .MAC MACRO-11 Source File (Assembler)
- .MAP Task Map File
- .MLB Macro Library File (used by BIGMAC.TSK)
- .MSG Message File
- .OBJ Compiled Task Object File
- .OLB Object Library File (used by BIGTKB.TSK)
- .PMD Post Mortum or Snapshot Dump File (core dump)
- .SML System Macro Library File
- .STB Task Symbol Table File
- .SYS Bootable Operating system File
- .TMP Temporary File
- .TSK Task or Driver Image File
- .TXT Text File
-
- File Specification Defaults
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Field | Default |
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | DDnn: | SY: |
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | [ggg,mmm] | The UIC with which you logged on,or a UIC determined by |
- | | the MCR command SET /UIC=[ggg,mmm] |
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | filename | No Default |
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | filetype | Depends on the command string in which the file specifier |
- | | appears. |
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | version | For Input files,the highest existing version.For Output |
- | | files,the highest existing version + 1.Note that some cmds |
- | | require an explicit version number. |
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- WILDCARDS (an asterisk convention)
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | DDnn: | Cannot be wildcarded.Must be specified or default to SY: |
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | [ggg,mmm] | All UIC's on the specified or default device except [0,0] |
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Filename | All filenames with the specified,defaulted or wildcarded |
- | | UIC,type and version. |
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Filetype | All filetypes with the specified,defaulted or wildcarded |
- | | UIC,name and version. |
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Version | All versions of the specified,defaulted or wildcarded UICs |
- | | names,and types. |
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- -----------------------------
- [ Monitor Console Interface ]:>
- -----------------------------
-
- The operator communicates with the RSX11M system from one of the following
- terminals:
-
- [*> Teletype Models ASR/KSR-33 or ASR/KSR-35
- [*> LA-30 or LA-36 DECwriter,or
- [*> VT05,VT50,VT50H,VT52,or VT55 Display
- [*> MicroComputer emulating one of the above
-
- MCR (Monitor Console Routine) is the interface between the terminal and the
- RSX11M system.An operator communicates with MCR by typing input in response
- to the default prompt '>' at an unattached terminal,or by typing input to the
- explicit MCR prompt 'MCR>' at any terminal.
-
- ------------------
- [ Command Syntax ]:>
- ------------------
-
- It is not necessary to type the entire command name when submitting a command.
- MCR requires only the first three letters of the command name,followed by the
- command parameters,if any exist.If parameters exist,they must be proceeded by
- at least one blank or tab.
- The following example shows how the TIME command can be specified.Note that the
- square brackets in the example indicate that the 'E' is optional;there the
- first three letters indicate the command name.The angle brackets denote that
- the enclosed values are not literally part of the command syntax.For example,
- <CR> indicates that a carriage return terminates the input line.
-
- >TIM[E] <CR> or TIME <CR> is acceptable
-
- ------------
- [ Keywords ]:>
- ------------
-
- Some commands use keywords that generally apply to a command argument.A key-
- word consists of a slash '/' followed by an '=' sign and the value of the
- keyword,as follows: /Keyword=value . Keywords can be entered in any order.As
- an example of keyword usage,the Install command requires a filename argument
- specifying the task to be installed.Keywords can be appended to the filename.
- One such keyword, /TASK,can specify the name under which the task can be in-
- stalled.
-
- ------------
- [ Comments ]:>
- ------------
-
- MCR treats a line of text as a comment if the first character in the line is
- a semi-colon ';'.In addition,the exclamation mark '!' may be used to delimit
- comments in a command.The first exclamation mark starts the comment and the
- next exclamation mark or end of line terminates the comment.All text between
- the two exclamation marks is ignored.For example: >; This line is a comment.
- >TAS !This is a comment string! Comment are useful to clarify commands in
- MCR indirect command files,remember those ?
-
- --------------------------------------
- [ Command References to Active Tasks ]:>
- --------------------------------------
-
- Task-Naming Convention - In a system that supports multi-user protechMon,more
- than one copy of a task can be active simultaneously.When a user requests a
- task that is already active,having requested from another terminal,the MCR
- dispatcher automatically creates a name for a copy of the requested task:
- tskTnn where nn is the unit number of the requesting terminal.However,to refer
- to that task from the terminal that requested it,the user need only specify
- the three character task name (tsk).For example,if a user requests PIP from
- TT2:,when PIP is already running at another terminal,the MCR dispatcher runs
- a task called PIPT2.To abort PIPT2 from TT2:,the users enters the command:
- ABO PIP and MCR aborts the correct version of PIP.However to abort TT2:'s
- version of PIP from another Terminal,a privileged user (me) must type:
- >ABO PIPT2.Note that this naming convention does not apply to tasks requested
- by the MCR RUN command.
- Install-Run-Remove Tasks - whenever a user activates a task by means of the
- install-run-remove option of the RUN command,the MCR Dispatcher names the
- task TTnn: where nn is the unit number of the terminal that requested the
- task.To refer to task TTnn: in a command issued from terminal TTnn:,the user
- can omit the task name altogether.For example,if a user issues the command
- >RUN $CALC from TT1:,MCR runs the task in a file called CALC.TSK listed
- in the system directory (for example,[1,54] in a mapped system),and names
- it TT1.To abort this task from TT1:,the user can issue the Abort command
- without specifying a parameter; that is, >ABO <CR>.The command >ABO TT1: <CR>
- issued either from TT1: or any privileged terminal also causes MCR to abort
- the task originally referred to as $CALC in a RUN command issued from terminal
- TT1:.Only a privileged user,or a user at a privileged terminal,can abort a
- task requested from another terminal.
-
- -:-:-:-:-:-:-
-
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- /--------------------------------------------------------------\
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