The Hacker's Encyclopedia 1998

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======================================= = = = HP 2000 PART 2 (STATEMENTS) = = = = CAPTURED BY = = = = BLITZIOD ?? & GALACTUS ** = = = = of = = = = THE ELITE HACKERS GUILD = = = ======================================= STATEMENTS ********** 1. ADVANCE 2. ASSIGN 3. CHAIN 4. COM 5. CONVERT 6. CREATE 7. DATA 8. DEF 9. DIM 10. END 11. ENTER 12. FILES 13. FOR & NEXT 14. GOSUB & RETURN 15. GOTO 16. IF...THEN 17. IF END 18. IF ERROR 19. IMAGE 20. INPUT 21. LET 22. LINPUT 23. LINPUT# 24. LOCK 25. NEXT 26. PURGE 27. READ 28. READ# 29. REM 30. RESTORE 31. STOP 32. SYSTEM 33. UNLOCK 34. UPDATE ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?1 ADVANCE GEN FORM: ADVANCE #FILE NUMBER;SKIP COUNT,RETURN VARIABLE THE ADVANCE STATEMENT CAUSES THE SPECIFIED FILE (SIGNIFIED BY THE FILE NUMBER) POINTER TO BE MOVED PAST THE NUMBER OF ITEMS SPECIFIED IN THE SKIP COUNT. THE SKIP COUNT IS LIMITED TO 32767 AND MUST BE A POSITIVE INTEGER. IF THE 'ADVANCE STATEMENT IS EXECUTED SUCCESSFULLY THE RETURN VARIABLE IS SET TO '0'. IF AN END-OF-FILE MARKER IS ENCOUNTERED BEFORE THE SPECIFIED NUMBER OF ITEMS HAVE BEEN SKIPPED THE RETURN VARIABLE WILL BE SET TO THE NUMBER OF ITEMS YET TO BE SKIPPED. THE ADVANCE STATEMENT CANNOT BE USED WITH ASCII FILES. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?2 ASSIGN GEN FORM: ASSIGN FILE DESIGNATOR,FILE NO.,RETURN VAR.,[MASK],[RESTRICTION] OR ASSIGN *,FILE NUMBER,[RETURN VARIABLE] THE ASSIGN STATEMENT IS USED TO ASSIGN A FILE TO A FILE NUMBER RESERVED IN THE FILES STATEMENT (eg. 100 FILES *,*,*) AND TO OPEN THE FILE. THE FILE DESIGNATOR CAN BE A STRING OR CAN BE ENCLOSED IN QUOTES BUT IT MUST BE A VALID FILE NAME. IF AN ASTERISK (*) IS USED IN PLACE OF THE FILE DESIGNATOR THE FILE PREVIOSLY ASSIGNED TO THAT FILE NUMBER IS CLOSED. THE OPTIONAL MASK IS A STRING USED TO SCRAMBLE BASIC FORMATTED FILES AS TO MAKE THEM 'GREEK' TO USERS NOT ACCESSING THE FILE WITH THE SPECIFIED MASK. THE SAME MASK MUST BE USED WHEN READING FROM THE FILE AS WAS USED WHEN IT WAS PRINTED ON THE FILE. THE OPTIONAL RESTRICTION IS A TWO-LETTER CODE USED TO SPECIFY ACCESSABILITY RESTRICTIONS ON THE FILE. RESTRICTION CODES ARE AS FOLLOWS: RR NO SUBSEQUENT USER CAN ACCESS THE FILE WHILE THE FILE IS OPEN WR SUBSEQUENT USERS CAN READ FROM BUT CANNOT WRITE TO WHILE THE FILE IS OPEN NR SUBSEQUENT USERS CAN READ & WRITE WHILE THE FILE IS OPEN (NOTE: THE FILE MUST HAVE MUTIPLE WRITE ACCESS FOR THIS RESTRICTION). RETURN VARIABLES: 0 FILE AVAILABLE FOR READ AND WRITE 1 AVAILABLE FOR READ ONLY 2 READ ONLY 3 FILE DOES NOT EXIST OR IS NOT ACCESSABLE 4 FILE NUMBER OUT OF RANGE 5 NO BUFFER SPACE AVAILABLE FOR FILE 6 FILE IS UNAVAILABLE FOR READ OR WRITE 7 SPECIFED RESTRICTIONS IMPOSSIBLE 8 FILE IS AVAILABLE FOR WRITE ONLY ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?3 CHAIN GEN FORM: CHAIN [RETURN VAR.,]PROGRAM DESIGNATOR,[NUMERIC EXPRESSION] THE CHAIN STATEMENT CAUSES THE CURRENT RUNNING PROGRAM TO TERMINATE AND BEGIN EXECUTION OF THE PROGRAM SPECIFIED BY THE PROGRAM DESIGNATOR. THE PROGRAM DESIGNATOR MAY BE ENCLOSED IN QUOTES OR MAY BE A STRING. THE NUMERIC EXPRESSION CAN BE USED TO DEFINE A LINE NUMBER IN THE PROGRAM TO BE CHAINED TO. IF SUCH AN EXPRESSION IS DEFINED PROGRAM EXECUTION WILL BEGIN AT THE SPECIFIED LINE NUMBER. RETURN VARIABLES: 0 SUCCESSFUL 1 BAD STATEMENT NUMBER SPECIFIED 2 NO ACCESS PERMITTED TO NAMED PROGRAM 3 CHAIN NOT PERMITTED ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?4 COM GEN. FORM: COM COMMON LIST THE COMMON STATEMENT IS USED TO LIST THE VARIABLES THAT ARE COMMON BETWEEN TWO CHAINED PROGRAMS. ALL COMMON STRINGS AND STATEMENTS MUST ALSO BE DIMINSIONED HERE. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?5 CONVERT GEN. FORM: CONVERT NUMERIC EXPRESSION TO DESTINATION STRING OR CONVERT SOURCE STRING TO NUMERIC VARIABLE [,STMT #] THE CONVERT STATEMENT IS USED TO CONVERT A STRING TO A VARIABLE OR A VARIABLE TO A STRING. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?6 CREATE GEN. FORM: CREATE RETURN VAR., FILE DESIGNATOR, FILE LENGTH [,RECORD SIZE] THE CREATE STATEMENT CREATES A BASIC FORMATTED FILE OF THE DESIGNATED LENGTH. THE RETURN VARIABLES ARE AS FOLLOWS: RETURN VALUE MEANING 0 THE FILE WAS CREATED SUCCESSFULLY 1 A FILE ALREADY EXISTS WITH THE SAME NAME 2 INVALID FILE NAME, ACCESS, FILE LENGTH OR RECORD SIZE 3 NO SPACE IN THE ACCOUNT 4 NO SPACE IN THE SYSTEM ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?7 DATA GEN. FORM: DATA CONSTANT LIST THE DATA STATEMENT IS WHERE THE DATA IS STORED FOR THE READ STATEMENT. IT IS ENTERED IN SEQUENCE WITH EACH ITEM SEPARATED BY COMMAS. ANY STRING DATA MUST BE ENCLOSED IN QUOTES. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?8 DEF GEN. FORM: DEF FUNCTION NAME(PARAMETER)=NUMERIC EXPRESSION THE 'DEF' STATEMENT IS USED TO DEFINE A FUNCTION SUCH AS: A**2/(SQR(X)). HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF A USER DEFINED FUNCTION: 10 DEF FNA(X) = A**2/(SQR(X)) ALL FUNCTION NAMES MUST BEGIN WITH 'FN' AND HAVE A THIRD CHARACTER BETWEEN 'A' AND 'Z'. THE 'X' IN PARENTHASIS IS A DUMMY VARIABLE. ITS PURPOSE IS TO SHOW WHAT ARGUMENT WILL BE USED WHEN THE FUNCTION IS SUMMONED. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?9 DIM GEN. FORM: DIM DIMENSION LIST THE DIM STATEMENT IS USED TO SET THE AMOUNT OF SPACE ALLOTED IN THE PROGRAM FOR A STRING OR AN ARRAY. EXAMPLE: 20 DIM A(5),B(50),C$(100),D(7,10) ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?10 END GEN. FORM: END THE END STATEMENT TERMINATES THE RUNNING OR EXECUTING OF A PROGRAM. IT MAY OCCUR ANY WHERE IN THE PROGRAM BUT THE END STATEMENT MUST ALWAYS OCCUR AT THE END OF A PROGRAM. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?11 ENTER GEN. FORM: ENTER #NUMERIC VARIABLE OR ENTER [# VARIABLE,] TIME ALLOWED, RETURN VAR., READ VAR,. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?12 FILES GEN. FORM: FILES FILES LIST THE FILES STATEMENT IS USED AT THE BEGINNING OF A PROGRAM TO OPEN THE FILES FOR USE IN THE PROGRAM. AN '*' MAY BE USED TO HOLD THE PLACE OF A FILE TO BE DESIGNATED LATER. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?13 FOR & NEXT GEN. FORM: FOR FOR VAR.=INITIAL VALUE TO FINAL VALUE [STEP SIZE] NEXT FOR VARIABLE THE FOR NEXT LOOP ALLOWES YOU TO GO THROUGH A SET STATEMENT A SPECIFIED NO. OF TIMES. FOR EXAMPLE IF YOUR LOOP WAS: 100 FOR P=1 TO 5 . . 150 NEXT P ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?14 GOSUB & RETURN GEN. FORM: GOSUB STATEMENT NO. OR GOSUB NUMERIC EXP. OF STATEMENT NO. LIST RETURN THE GOSUB STATEMENT IS A WAY OF DROPPING TO ANOTHER PART OF THE PROGRAM BUT STILL KEEPING YOUR PLACE WHERE YOU ARE SO YOU CAN RETURN AND CONTINUE ON WITH THE PROGRAM. IF GOSUBS ARE NESTED MORE THAN 20 DEEP THEN THE PROGRAM WILL TERMINATE WITH AN ERROR STATEMENT. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?15 GOTO GEN. FORM: GOTO STATEMENT NO. OR GOTO NUMERIC EXPRESSION OF STATEMENT # LIST THE GOTO STATEMENT OVERRIDES THE NORMAL ORDER THAT STATEMENTS ARE CARRIED OUT. IT TELLS THE PROGRAM TO SKIP TO THE SPECIFIED LINE NUMBER AND CONTINUE EXECUTION OF THE PROGRAM FROM THERE. GREAT CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN WHEN A GOTO STATEMENT ENTERS A FOR... NEXT LOOP. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?16 IF...THEN GEN. FORM: IF NUMERIC RELATION THEN STATEMENT NO. OR IF STRING RELATION THEN STATEMENT NO. THE IF...THEN STATEMENT TELLS THE PROGRAM IF THE SPECIFED RELATION IS TRUE THEN GO TO THE SPECIFIED LINE NO. IF THE RELATION IS NOT TRUE THEN IT DROPS ON THROUGH AND CONTINUES EXECUTION AS NORMAL. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?17 IF END GEN. FORM: IF END #FILE NO. THEN STATEMENT NO. THIS STATEMENT TELLS THE COMPUTER THAT IF THE FILE POINTER IS AT THE END OF FILE MARK THEN TO GO ON TO THE SPECIFIED LINE NUMBER. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?18 IF ERROR GEN. FORM: IF ERROR THEN STATEMENT NO. THE IF ERROR STATEMENT IS USUALLY USED IN COORDINATION WITH THE SYS STATEMENT. IT IS USED TO DETERMINE WHAT ERROR IS OCCURING IN THE RUNNING OF THE PROGRAM. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO S INPUT GEN. FORM: INPUT READ VARIABLE LIST THE INPUT STATEMENT IS USED TO ENTER DATA THROUGH THE KEYBOARD. A '?' IS PRINTED TO INDICATE YOU NEED TO ENTER DATA. BOTH NUMERIC AND STRING DATA MAY BE ENTERED. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?20 INPUT GEN. FORM: INPUT READ VARIABLE LIST THE INPUT STATEMENT IS USED TO ENTER DATA THROUGH THE KEYBOARD. A '?' IS PRINTED TO INDICATE YOU NEED TO ENTER DATA. BOTH NUMERIC AND STRING DATA MAY BE ENTERED. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?21 LET GEN. FORM: [LET] REPLACEMENT LIST=NUMERIC EXPRESSION OR [LET] DESTINATION STRING=STRING EXPRESSION THE LET STATEMENT IS USED TO SET A VARIABLE OR A STRING EQUAL TO A NUMBER OR AN EXPRESSION. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE: 10 LET B=73 THE 'LET' IS NOT NECESSARY SO YOU COULD SAY '100 B=73'. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?22 LINPUT GEN. FORM: LINPUT DESTINATION STRING THE LINPUT STATEMENT ALLOWS THE USER TO ENTER AN ENTIRE LINE OF STRING DATA. THIS INCLUDES COMMAS,QUOTE MARKS, AND LEADING AND TRAILING BLANKS. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?23 LINPUT# GEN. FORM: LINPUT #FILE NUMBER;DESTINATION STRING THIS STATEMENT READS THE NEXT AVALIABLE RECORD INTO A DESTINATION STRING. AN ASCII FILE MUST BE USED. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?24 LOCK GEN. FORM: LOCK #FILE NUMBER [,RETURN VARIABLE] THE LOCK STATEMENT IS USED TO GIVE YOU EXCLUSIVE ACCESS TO YOUR FILES. THE RETURN VARIABLES ARE AS FOLLOWS: RETURN VALUE MEANING 0 FILE LOCKED SUCCESSFULLY 1 FILE ALREADY LOCKED 2 INVALID FILE NUMBER ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?25 NEXT REFER TO FOR & NEXT ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?26 PURGE GEN. FORM: PURGE RETURN VARIABLE,FILE DESIGNATOR THE PURGE STATEMENT IS USED TO DELETE A FILE FROM THE SYSTEM IT CAN ONLY BE USED AFTER A FILE IS CLOSED. RETURN VARIABLE MEANING 0 FILE SUCCESSFULLY PURGED 1 FILE IS BUSY CANNOT BE PURGED 2 FILE NOT ACCESSIBLE 3 NO SUCH FILE ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?27 READ GEN. FORM: READ READ VARIABLE LIST THE READ STATEMENT READS STRING AND NUMERIC VALUES FROM THE DATA STATEMENT. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?28 READ# GEN. FORM: READ #FILE NO. [,RECORD NO.] [;READ VARIABLE LIST] THE READ# STATEMENT READS FROM A FILE LISTED IN THE FILES STATEMENT. THE FILE NO. DETERMINES WHICH FILE WILL BE READ FROM AND THE READ VARIABLE DETERMINES WHAT TYPE OF DATA CAN BE READ. STRING DATA CAN'T BE READ WITH A NUMERIC VARIABLE. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?29 REM GEN. FORM: REM [REMARK] THE REMARK STATEMENT IS USED TO ADD REMARKS IN YOUR PROGRAM. THESE REMARKS ARE NOT PRINTED OR CARRIED OUT DURING THE RUNNING OF YOUR PROGRAM. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?30 RESTORE GEN. FORM: RESTORE [STATEMENT NUMBER] THE RESTORE STATEMENT MOVES THE POINTER BACK TO THE FIRST ITEM IN THE DATA. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?31 STOP GEN. FORM: STOP THE STOP STATEMENT ENDS EXECUTION OF THE PROGRAM. IT MAY BE INSERTED ANY WHERE IN THE PROGRAM. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?32 SYSTEM GEN. FORM: SYSTEM RETURN VARIABLE, SOURCE STRING OR SYSTEM DESTINATION STRING , SOURCE STRING THE STSTEM STATEMENT LETS YOU EXECUTE THE SYSTEM COMMANDS DURING THE RUNNING OF THE PROGRAM. THE COMMANDS THAT MAY BE USED ARE: BYE, ECHO, MESSAGE, FILE, PROTECT, LOCK, PRIVATE, UNRESTRICT, MWA, SWA, & PAUSE. ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?33 UNLOCK GEN. FORM: UNLOCK #FILE NUMBER [,RETURN VARIABLE] THE UNLOCK STATEMENT ALLOWS THE FILE TO BE RELEASED TO ALLOW OTHERS TO REFERENCE THE FILE. RETURN VALUE MEANING 0 FILE SUCCESSFULLY UNLOCKED 1 FILE ALREADY UNLOCKED 2 FILE NUMBER INVALID ENTER YOUR CHOICE (ENTER 0 TO STOP)?34 UPDATE GEN. FORM: UPDATE #FILE NUMBER ; NUMERIC EXPRESSION OR UPDATE #FILE NUMBER ; SOURCE STRING THE UPDATE STATEMENT REPLACES THE NEXT SEQUENTIAL ITEM IN THE FILE. THE DATA MUST BE OF THE SAME TYPE WHEN UPDATING AN ITEM A ASCII FILE CAN NOT BE UPDATED. IF THE NEW STRING IS LONGER THAN THE OLD STRING THEN THE NEW STRING WILL BE CUT OFF AT THE LENGTH OF THE OLD STRING. BE VERY CAREFUL WHEN FIRST USING THIS STATEMENT BECAUSE YOU CAN EASILY RUIN A FILE. ======================================= = END OF PHILE = ======================================= Downloaded from P-80 Systems......