The Hacker's Encyclopedia 1998/hackers_encyclopedia.iso/hacking/internet/iphook1.txt

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Putting your home PC on the Internet: Summary and Compendium


I'd like to thank all the folks who took the time to respond to my
questions about how to get the home PC hung on the internet.  Here's a
summary of the responses as I understand them, followed by the
complete text of all responses so you can draw your own conclusions.
I regret that this summary is not very comprehensive or authoritative
(not that netnews ever is) but it does indicate directions to proceed
in.

There were two questions I asked:  1) how to get assigned an internet
address and get physically hooked in to the internet, and 2) failing
this, how to get an e-mail and news feed.  I specified that I didn't
want to discuss software (not that it's not important), just how to
get physically and administratively hooked up.  I also sent a query to
the group rec.ham-radio.packet asking what people thought of using
amateur packet radio as the connection to the outside world.  These
responses are also attached below.

0. Background information

People often confuse the terms "internet address" and "domain name"
(probably because e-mail is generally addressed to a domain name, not
an internet address).  An internet address is a 32-bit number that is
assigned to each node on the internet.  It's usually written in four
bytes, for instance the address of max.berkeley.edu is 128.32.178.63.
A domain name is a name like max.berkeley.edu.  You don't have to be
an internet node to get an official domain name, but if you aren't
one, you have to tell them the name of an internet node that will take
care of forwarding your mail off the internet.  To get more info about
registering a domain name in the "us" domain, ftp to nic.ddn.mil and
get netinfo:us-domain.txt.  There is no registration fee.

Note that although both the domain name system and the internet
addressing are heirarchical, they have nothing to do with each other.
The internet address heirarchy is related to physical connection, but
the domain name heirarchy is administrative.

1. Getting an internet address

A basic problem with getting on the internet is that the US gov't,
which is footing the bill for most of the internet, doesn't want
anyone on there unless some gov't agency will vouch that you are doing
research or other work for them.  So if you do contract work for Uncle
Sam in your spare time, you might get your patron agency to back you.
The relevant document is netinfo:internet-number-template.txt on
nic.ddn.mil.  I don't think there's any fee, and you get 256 internet
addresses to do with as you please.

If, however, you are not a budding Beltway Bandit, it becomes a matter
of who you know.  Suppose you have buddies at the local university or
bomb plant.  They might be willing and able to lend you an address out
of their pool.  Strictly speaking, they aren't supposed to do this
unless you are using the net for uses related to working for them, but
it's been known to happen anyhow.

Which of these options you select also affects the way you can hook
in, covered next.

2. Physical connections

The expensive way of getting connected is to rent a phone line from
you to some local organization, and pay them to deal with the other
end.  Somebody sent a copy of recent NEARnet rates.  A small operation
could get hooked up at 9600 baud for a $10,750 installation charge,
and $7000 per year exclusive of leased line charges.  The cost of the
leased line obviously depends on where you are, but according to
UUNET's AlterNet blurb, they cost $3000 per year and up.  NEARnet
serves New England, I suppose there are similar organizations in other
parts of the country but I don't know who they are.

UUNET runs AlterNet (just mentioned) and they estimate the following
charges for a 9600 baud connection.  Initial charge is $2750, and
annual fee of $3000 exclusive of phone company charges.  They mention
that they also support dial-up connections, which might save a bundle
on phone charges.  Alternet has a few hubs spaced around the country
and a couple in Europe.  To get info on AlterNet, send mail to
[e-mail].

Several respondents also mentioned PSI.  I have requested info from
them, but don't have it yet.

The above choices are not only a bit expensive, they also will not get
you on the Internet unless you have the aformentioned government
sponsorship.  If you have a friend with a hooked up network, you can
try to talk him into running a SLIP protocol connection over a dial-up
modem to one of his machines.  As I mentioned above, this is not
strictly on the up-and-up, but is enormously cheaper.

Another possibility that occurred to me was to make the outside
connection via amateur packet radio.  I don't know anything about
packet radio myself, but the replies I got indicated the following.
It's not legal to use amateur radio for any business purposes.
Nothing is supposed to be transmitted over amateur radio unless it's
been read by someone with a license.  And there's some question about
the legality of unattended operation.  Nonetheless, it seems some hams
are doing stuff like this.  I don't have any idea what kind of
equipment costs are involved.

3. How about just mail and news?

The other option is to forget the internet and just get a news and
mail feed via UUCP.  Basicly you buy a modem and locate someone who
already has mail and news who will let you call in and grab them.
Possible feeds are UUNET (send mail to [e-mail]) or many
nixpub sites (listed in a period posting in pubnet.nixpub and
comp.misc) and probably thousands of others.  UUNET apparently costs
something like $400 a year plus phone charges; some of sites in the
nixpub list are free.  Someone suggested to look in comp.mail.maps to
find invitations for UUCP feeds.  Fidonet and PSI are also mentioned
as possible feeds.

One thing to bear in mind is that if you want a registered domain
name, you must have a internet site that agrees to forward your mail.
I believe UUNET and PSI take care of this for you, but if you just
pick someone out of comp.mail.maps to feed you, you will have to hunt
down your internet site separately.  I understand that Fidonet sites
all have registered domain names, albiet peculiar looking ones.

4. Other things to try

One of the responses below suggests sending a query to
[e-mail].  I have, but the reply just told me how to
register a domain name in the US domain.  I haven't pursued this
further.

As mentioned above, info on UUNET can be gotten by sending your US
mail address (no kidding!) to [e-mail].  I don't have this
packet yet, so I can't tell you what's in it.  Also, some info can be
gotten by anon FTP from uunet.uu.net in the directory uunet-info.

Info on PSI is reportedly available from [e-mail].

I don't know where to find info about fidonet.

 - Dave Cottingham
   [e-mail]

That's the summary, now here's all the stuff I got:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

From:    MX%"[e-mail]" 15-JAN-1991 10:03:00.85
To:    DC
CC:
Subj:    Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?

Return-Path: <@MAX.BERKELEY.EDU:[e-mail]>
Received: from cogsci.cog.jhu.edu by MAX.BERKELEY.EDU with SMTP; Tue, 15 Jan
          1991 10:02:54 PST
Received: by cogsci.cog.jhu.edu (4.0/SMI-4.0) id AA00400; Tue, 15 Jan 91
          13:06:25 EST
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 91 13:06:25 EST
From: [e-mail] (William J. Bogstad)
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail]
Subject: Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?
Newsgroups: comp.misc,comp.os.minix,comp.sys.nsc.32k,comp.unix.xenix.sco
In-Reply-To: <[e-mail]>
Organization: JHU Cognitive Science Center, Baltimore, MD
X-MX-Warning:   Warning -- Invalid "CC" header.
CC:

In article <[e-mail]> you write:
>It sure would be great if my PC at home were on the internet.  I'm
>sure this must be possible, since there are plenty of smallish
>businesses on the internet.  However, a perusal of the documents at
>nic.ddn.mil shows only how to launch a new network, which requires
>divine intervention from a government agency, and is definitely of a
>grander scale than what I have in mind.

    There should have been information there about getting an address.
You might try contacting the postmaster at the large Ohio State USENET
site.  (Don't remember the name off hand.)  I've seen messsage from him in
the past about providing mail/news help to people and he should point you in
the right direction.  You might also look into CSNET, UUNET, and PSINET??
all of which have TCP/IP networks and may have dial-up TCP/IP capability.
(Which is probably what you want.  Having a dedicated line to your home
could get expensive.)  Also look into the SLIP and/or PPP protocols which
are available for the PC and are used to implement TCP/IP over dial-up lines.
If you have good connections at local Internet sites, you might be able to
get somebody to assign you an address there and use dial-up connections.

>
>I'm hoping that someone out there who's done this can tell me how to
>go about getting assigned an internet address, and what kind of
>physical connection they use and to where, and just how massive a
>financial outlay is required.  (Software is another issue, but I was
>going to worry about that later.)

    A high speed modem may be all you need as far as additional
hardware.  (9600 or 19200 baud) Telebit would probably be a good choice.

>...
>And finally, if there is a more appropriate place to post this,
>please let me know.  (Intensive scrutiny of the list of active
>newgorups turned up none which really seemed right,  but these
>seemed slightly plausible.)

    The mail groups or tcp-ip groups might have been better.  You might
try finding the archives for the tcp-ip groups.  They should have
information.

                Good Luck,
                Bill Bogstad

From:    MX%"<[e-mail]>" 15-JAN-1991 12:20:40.11
To:    DC
CC:
Subj:    Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?

Return-Path: <@MAX.BERKELEY.EDU:[e-mail]>
Received: from violet.waterloo.edu by MAX.BERKELEY.EDU with SMTP; Tue, 15 Jan
          1991 12:20:16 PST
Received: by violet.waterloo.edu id <AA00170>; Tue, 15 Jan 91 15:24:27 EST
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 91 15:24:27 EST
From: Paul Colley <[e-mail]>
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail]
Subject: Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?
Newsgroups: comp.misc,comp.os.minix,comp.sys.nsc.32k,comp.unix.xenix.sco
In-Reply-To: <[e-mail]>
Organization: University of Waterloo
X-MX-Warning:   Warning -- Invalid "CC" header.
CC:

In article <[e-mail]> you write:

>It sure would be great if my PC at home were on the internet.

>                                               just how massive a
>financial outlay is required.

$35.00 one-time fee for an internet-style mail address through UUnet.

Actual internet-style connection is substantially more ($800/month? I
think I remember for Alternet, don't have it in front of me).

Anyways, UUnet does both (the internet stuff from uunet is called "Alternet").

Write [e-mail] for details.

>mail via uucp.  I know one way to do this, which is to get in contact
>with one of the sites on the NIXPUB list.  If anybody knows a better
>way, I'd like to hear about it.

Post to a *.uucp group distributed near you & also Email
postmaster@"local sites" and ask for someone who is willing
to give you a feed.  To find local sites, look in the UUCP maps
(either on your favourite machine, or in the newsgroup comp.mail.maps).
The UUCP map for some sites lists an invitation for new UUCP mail
or news feeds; most sites are willing to give a mail feed if you
ask nicely, but news is much harder to come by.  Almost impossible
to come by if you aren't running a high-speed modem.  But, again,
uunet will give you a feed if all else fails.

Also, again, uunet does this---$35.00/month + $2.00/hour or so.

The information I have about Alternet is on paper, so you're out of luck;
ask uunet to send you a copy (that's what I did).

I appended to the bottom of this message the info from uunet on registering
a domain style address.

Have fun.

Probably, if you're associated with a University, you can do an internet
connection for free to them; look for information on TCP/IP and SLIP
(Internet Protocol, Serial Line Internet Protocol (i.e., for
modems), ...I think that's what these acronyms stand for)

Disclaimer:  I'm a UUCP only site, so I haven't actually done any of this;
use this info at your own risk, I'm not associated with the University,
the government, UUnet, or anyone else mentioned in this, etc, etc, ...

- Paul Colley
  [e-mail]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>From [e-mail]  Thu Jan 10 16:37:03 1991
Received: from uunet.UU.NET by violet.waterloo.edu with SMTP
    id <AA24620>; Thu, 10 Jan 91 16:37:03 EST
Received: by uunet.UU.NET (5.61/1.14)
    id AA23825; Thu, 10 Jan 91 16:36:32 -0500
From: [e-mail] (UUNET Postmaster)
Message-Id: <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: Registering site?
To: pacolley@violet (Paul Colley)
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 91 16:36:31 EST
In-Reply-To: <[e-mail]>; from "Paul Colley" at Jan 10, 91 10:31 am
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.3 PL10]
Status: RO


Hello,

>
> The README in comp.mail.maps seems to suggest that it's better to
> register in the "UUCP Zone", whatever that is, and gives this
> address...
>

 Please find below some info regarding domain registration and application form
 for registering.


BACKGROUND:

A "zone" is a registry of domains kept by a particular organization.  A
zone registry is "authoritative", that is, the master copy of the
registry is kept by the zone organization, and this copy is, by
definition, always up-to-date.  Copies of this registry may be
distributed to other places and kept in caches, but these caches are
not authoritative because they may be out of date.  An authoritative
answer is required for certain decisions, such as "this mail cannot be
delivered because there is no such domain", or "the name you have
chosen is available and is now assigned uniquely to you."

You need a registered domain name to use software (including smail)
which supports domain addresses.  This name must be unique in the
world, and must be registered with the appropriate registry.  You also
need to be in a domain that has a forwarder from the INternet.

Currently, the domain tree in the USA has three major top level
domains:  COM for companies, EDU for educational institutions, and GOV
for government entities.  Three other top level names exist: MIL, NET,
ORG, but are somewhat specialized.  For the most part, countries other
than the USA are using the ISO 3166 2 letter abbreviation for their
country as a top level.

The second level is generally the name of the organization, using the
shortest possible abbreviation that is clear and unique, thus ATT, DEC,
IBM, HP, etc.  The choice of exact name is up to the organization, and
longer names, such as Berkeley.EDU or Tektronix.COM are perfectly
acceptable.  Just remember that people must type the name, as well as
see it displayed.  Only the second level domain name need be registered.

Not all countries use the second level for the organization.  In
particular, Australia and Britain have set up second level domains
OZ.AU and AC.UK for their academic communities, and put the
organization at the third level.

The third and subsequent levels, if used, should be organizational
units within the organization.  Try to keep the number of levels to a
minimum, since people have to type the names.  More than four total
levels (country, org, org-unit1, and org-unit2) should rarely be
needed.  The actual organizational units to be used are up to you, for
example, they might be departments, or they might be machine names.
You do not need to register levels beneath the second level.

CHOSING NAMES:

Domain names are case independent.  uucpnames MUST be all lower case.

"vax", "u3b20", and the like are terrible host names, because sooner or
later you'll have more than one vax, or more than one 3b20, and the
names will be confusing.  We recommend organizational names, with any
subdomains based on the department or project the machine is used for.
We highly discourage use of a nonorganizational uucpname as the second
level domain name.  Of course, in order to keep the names reasonably
short and to avoid duplicating names in the heirarchy, some compromise
will be needed.  For example, csvax.CS.UND.EDU is redundant, but
RISC.CS.UND.EDU might be a good name for the computer used by the RISC
project in the CS department.

Please note that you should support both RFC 976 and the documents it
refers to, in particular RFC 822 and RFC 920.  This means, for
example:

(a) The name "postmaster" on all machines visible to the outside
    should be forwarded to the technical contact.  This can be
    easily done with an alias in /usr/lib/aliases, if your site
    runs sendmail or smail release 2.0 or beyond.

(b) Your machine should not alter valid RFC 822 headers, such as
    From:, of mail it generates or forwards.  Many machines running
    sendmail have a bug which adds uucpname! to the front of such
    addresses.  Installing smail will fix the bug, because mail
    passed through the machine is not passed through sendmail.
    We hope to make a fix to sendmail available, also, at a
    later date.

COSTS:

UUNET charges a one time fee of $35 for processing the forms and
setting up the servers.  This fee does NOT include a connection to the
uunet computer.  There is no registration charge for UUNET customers.

Payment should be sent to:

    UUNET Communications Services
    3110 Fairview Park Drive, Suite 570
    Falls Church, VA 22042
    [phone]
    uunet!domain-request

Please indicate the name of your domain and the uucp name of your
gateway machine on your payment so that we may properly credit you.
Registration can not be completed until payment is received (except for
UUNET subscribers).

Information about UUNET's other services can be obtained by sending
your postal address to uunet!info


IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS:

We will notify you via mail to "postmaster" in your domain when your
domain is registered.  Please make sure such an address exists in your
domain.  You can NOT use your domain name in outgoing mail until
registration is completed, although it is OK to install smail (using
the host.UUCP domain) ahead of time.  We do recommend that you set up
to accept incoming mail for your domain name ahead of time, if this is
convenient.

Several steps are needed before your registration is complete.  Some of
these steps are approval by the NIC, setting up the nameservers, and
setting up the forwarder.  Seeing your domain published in the UUCP map
is not, by itself, sufficient (or necessary) for the use of your domain
name.

FORWARDERS:

A forwarder is a kind of mail bridge host between the Internet
(formerly called the ARPANET) and UUCP.  The nameserver structure
directs all Internet mail for your domain to the forwarder, and the
forwarder passes the mail from Internet into UUCP.  Forwarders can also
forward your mail from UUCP to Internet, but it is not strictly
necessary to use your forwarder for this, since mail to any of the
published UUCP->Internet gateways can do this.  If you use a forwarder
other than uunet please have the postmaster or a system administrator
at the forwarder send uunet a message granting permission to use that
system as a forwarder.

To register your domain, you need to have a forwarder.  If you know of
an Internet site (such as uunet) that is willing to be a forwarder for
your domain, let us know.  As a last resort, uunet can be a forwarder
for you even if you are not directly connected.  HOWEVER, we require
that you have the postmaster or system administrator at the site that
is directly connected to uunet and will route your mail send uunet a
message of permission before we start forwarding mail through them.


THE APPLICATION:

To register your domain with the NIC, we need to send in the following
form.  Questions 4,7,8 and 9 are already answered for you.  Do not
change them.

Answer questions 0,1,2,3,5,6 and 10 and return THE ENTIRE FORM to
uunet!domain-request.  PLEASE do not just return the questions you
answer and do not reformat the application.  It creates extra work for
us, as we have to copy your answers back onto the form we originally
sent you, and will delay registration.


[ THE FORM STARTS HERE. ]

   (0a) Specify what machine you want to be your forwarder.  If you are
    directly connected to uunet, uunet can be your forwarder.  If
    you are not directly connected, then you need to find some other
    site to be your forwarder OR get the permission of a site that
    IS directly connected to uunet to allow your arpanet mail to be
    forwarded through them.  We must receive the permission of the
    uunet site or the other forwarder directly from that forwarder.

    Who will be your forwarder:

        For Example: uunet.uu.net


   (0b) Specify the uucpname registered in the UUCP maps of the system
    which will act as the mail gateway for your domain.  This is
    optional, but highly recommended, for domains which do not use
    uunet.uu.net as forwarder.  UUNET subscribers using uunet.uu.net
    as forwarder may simply give the name of the account.

    What is the name of your mail gateway:


[ NETINFO:DOMAIN-TEMPLATE.TXT ]                                  [ 10/90 DM ]

   To establish a domain, the following information must be sent to
   the NIC Domain Registrar ([e-mail]).  Questions
   may be addressed to the NIC Hostmaster by electronic mail at the
   above address, or by phone at [phone] or [phone].

   NOTE: The key people must have electronic mailboxes and NIC
   "handles," unique NIC database identifiers.  If you have access to
   "WHOIS", please check to see if you are registered and if so, make
   sure the information is current.  Include only your handle and any
   changes (if any) that need to be made in your entry.  If you do not
   have access to "WHOIS", please provide all the information indicated
   and a NIC handle will be assigned.

   (1) The name of the top-level domain to join
       (EDU, COM, MIL, GOV, NET, ORG).

    1.  Top-level domain:


   (2) The name of the domain (up to 12 characters).  This is the name
   that will be used in tables and lists associating the domain with the
   domain server addresses.  [While, from a technical standpoint, domain
   names can be quite long we recommend the use of shorter, more user-
   friendly names.]

    2.  Complete Domain Name:


   (3) The name and address of the organization establishing the domain.

    3a.  Organization name:


    3b.  Organization address:



   (4) The date you expect the domain to be fully operational.

    4.  Date operational:  Now operational.



   (5) The NIC handle of the administrative head of the organization --
   or this person's name, mailing address, phone number, organization,
   and network mailbox.  This is the contact point for administrative
   and policy questions about the domain.  In the case of a research
   project, this should be the principal investigator.

   NOTE: Both the Administrative and the Technical/Zone contact of a
   domain MUST have a network mailbox, even if the mailbox is to be
   within the proposed domain.


         Administrative Contact

     5a.  NIC Handle (if known) :
     5b.  Name (Last, First) :
     5c.  Organization:
     5d.  Mail Address:

     5e.  Phone Number:
     5f.  Net Mailbox :


   (6) The NIC handle of the technical contact for the domain -- or
   the person's name, mailing address, phone number, organization,
   and network mailbox.  This is the contact point for
   problems concerning the domain or zone, as well as for updating
   information about the domain or zone.

         Technical and Zone Contact

     6a.  NIC Handle (if known):
     6b.  Name (Last, First) :
     6c.  Organization:
     6d.  Mail Address:

     6e.  Phone Number:
     6f.  Net Mailbox :


   (7) Domains must provide at least two independent servers that
   provide the domain service for translating names to addresses
   for hosts in this domain.

   * If you are applying for a domain and a network number assignment
   simultaneously and a host on your proposed network will be used
   as a server for the domain, you must wait until you receive your
   network number assigment and have given the server(s) a netaddress
   before sending in the domain application.  Sending in the domain
   application without complete information in Sections 7 and 8 of
   this template will result in the delay of the domain registration.

   Also, establishing the servers in physically separate locations
   and on different PSNs and/or networks is strongly recommended.

   NOTE: All new hosts acting as servers will appear in the DNS root
         servers but will not apppear in the HOSTS.TXT file
         unless otherwise requested.

      Primary Server: HOSTNAME, NETADDRESS, HARDWARE, SOFTWARE

      7a.  Primary Server Hostname:    uunet.UU.NET
      7b.  Primary Server Netaddress:     192.48.96.2
      7c.  Primary Server Hardware:     SEQUENT-S81
      7d.  Primary Server Software:     UNIX


   (8) The Secondary server information.

      8a.  Secondary Server Hostname:     seismo.CSS.GOV
      8b.  Secondary Server Netaddress: 192.12.141.25
      8c.  Secondary Server Hardware:    SUN-3/160
      8d.  Secondary Server Software:    UNIX

      8a.  Secondary Server Hostname:     cerberus.pa.dec.com
      8b.  Secondary Server Netaddress: 16.1.0.3
      8c.  Secondary Server Hardware:    VAX
      8d.  Secondary Server Software:    UNIX


   (9) If any currently registered hosts will be renamed into the new
       domain, please specify old hostname, netaddress, and new hostname.

      For example:

         BAR-FOO2.XYZ.COM (26.8.0.193) -> FOO2.BAR.COM
         BAR-FOO3.XYZ.COM (192.7.3.193) -> FOO3.BAR.COM
         BAR-FOO4.ARPA (34.6.0.193) -> FOO4.BAR.COM

      NOTE: Hostname changes to MILNET hosts must be approved by the
             MILNET Manager - [e-mail].


   (10) Please describe your organization briefly.

      For example: Our Corporation is a consulting
      organization of people working with UNIX and the C language in an
      electronic networking environment.  It sponsors two technical
      conferences annually and distributes a bimonthly newsletter.


 PLEASE ALLOW AT LEAST 30 WORKING DAYS FOR PROCESSING THIS APPLICATION

[ THE FORM ENDS HERE. ]


For further information contact the DDN/INTERNET Network Information
Center (NIC):

      Via electronic mail:  [e-mail]
      Via telephone:        [phone]
      Via postal mail:      SRI International
                DDN Network Information Center
                333 Ravenswood Avenue
                EJ286
                Menlo Park, CA 94025



            RECOMMENDED READING (available from the NIC)

Feinler, E.J.; Jacobsen, O.J.; Stahl, M.K.; Ward, C.A., eds.  DDN
  Protocol Handbook: Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, DDN Network
  Information Center; 1985 December; NIC 50004 and NIC 50005 and NIC
  50006. 2749 p.

Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.J.; Stahl, M.K.; Ward, C.A., eds.  Internet
  Protocol Handbook: The Domain Name System (DNS) Handbook. Menlo Park,
  CA: SRI International, Network Information Systems Center; 1989
  August; 219 p. AD A214 698.

Postel, J.B.; Reynolds, J.K.  Domain Requirements. Marina del Rey, CA:
  University of Southern California, Information Sciences Inst.; 1984
  October; RFC 920. 14 p. (NIC.DDN.MIL  RFC:RFC920.TXT).

Harrenstien, K.; Stahl, M.K.; Feinler, E.J.  DoD Internet Host Table
  Specification. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, DDN Network
  Information Center; 1985 October; RFC 952. 6 p. (NIC.DDN.MIL
    RFC:RFC952.TXT).  Obsoletes: RFC 810

Harrenstien, K.; Stahl, M.K.; Feinler, E.J.  Hostname Server. Menlo
  Park, CA: SRI International, DDN Network Information Center; 1985
  October; RFC 953. 5 p. (NIC.DDN.MIL  RFC:RFC953.TXT).
    Obsoletes: RFC 811

Partridge, C.  Mail Routing and the Domain System. Cambridge, MA: BBN
  Labs., Inc.; 1986 January; RFC 974. 7 p. (NIC.DDN.MIL
    RFC:RFC974.TXT).

Lazear, W.D.  MILNET Name Domain Transition. McLean, VA: MITRE Corp.;
  1987 November; RFC 1031. 10 p. (NIC.DDN.MIL  RFC:RFC1031.TXT).

Stahl, M.K.  Domain Administrators Guide. Menlo Park, CA: SRI
  International, DDN Network Information Center; 1987 November; RFC
  1032. 14 p. (NIC.DDN.MIL  RFC:RFC1032.TXT).

Lottor, M.  Domain Administrators Operations Guide. Menlo Park, CA:
  SRI International, DDN Network Information Center; 1987 November; RFC
  1033. 22 p. (NIC.DDN.MIL  RFC:RFC1033.TXT).

Mockapetris, P.  Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities. Marina del
  Rey, CA: University of Southern California, Information Sciences
  Inst.; 1987 November; RFC 1034. 55 p. (NIC.DDN.MIL
    RFC:RFC1034.TXT).  Updated-by: RFC 1101
    Obsoletes: RFC 973; RFC 882; RFC 883

Mockapetris, P.  Domain names - Implementation and Specification.
  Marina del Rey, CA: University of Southern California, Information
  Sciences Inst.; 1987 November; RFC 1035. 55 p. (NIC.DDN.MIL
    RFC:RFC1035.TXT).  Updated-by: RFC 1101
    Obsoletes: RFC 973; RFC 882; RFC 883

Mockapetris, P.  DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types. Marina
  del Rey, CA: University of Southern California, Information Sciences
  Inst.; 1989 April; RFC 1101. 14 p. (NIC.DDN.MIL  RFC:RFC1101.TXT).
    Updates: RFC 1034; RFC 1035


-----
            [e-mail] (I.C)


----------------------------------------------------------------------------


From:    MX%"[e-mail]" 15-JAN-1991 12:36:09.47
To:    DC
CC:
Subj:    Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?

Return-Path: <@MAX.BERKELEY.EDU:uudell!upurbmw.dell.com![e-mail]>
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          12:36:00 PST
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Date: Tue, 15 Jan 91 15:02:55 CST
From: [e-mail] (Steve Blair)
Message-ID: <[e-mail].>
To: [e-mail], support@uudell
Subject: Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?

[not a marketing person, or marketing hype included( ;> )]

You may well want to consider purchasing DELL's SYS V.4,
as it has SLIP built *into* it. Then you could SLIP into
*.berkeley.edu(I know of several hosts there) that allow
SLIP access.

This would be the *easiest* way to do it. Just purchase
the s/w, &/or a machine(small hype(!!) from us, and then
you'd be on the 'net.

Of course, doing this would also allow things like ftp,
and etc...

For more information on DELL's SYS V.4 UNIX, drop a line to

[e-mail]

regards,

steve blair        UNIX DIVISION
[e-mail]

From:    MX%"[e-mail]" 15-JAN-1991 12:48:39.45
To:    DC
CC:
Subj:    Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?

Return-Path: <@MAX.BERKELEY.EDU:[e-mail]>
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Date: Tue, 15 Jan 91 15:53:08 -0500
From: [e-mail] (David Wood)
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail] (Dave Cottingham)
Subject: Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?
Newsgroups: comp.misc,comp.os.minix,comp.sys.nsc.32k,comp.unix.xenix.sco
In-Reply-To: article <[e-mail]> of 15 Jan 91 12:03 EST


    Since I 'work' at NYU, it would be acceptable to go and
    have a talk with the network manager for NYU.  If you are
    connected with UC Berkeley, you might look for the net
    manager there.


 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 David Wood                    [e-mail]
 New York University                ...!uunet!theway!lab!wood
 212-998-3363
   __o
  -\<,        "Brain. Brain. What is brain?"
  O' O            Kara the Eymorg, "Spock's Brain", Stardate 5432.3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

From:    MX%"[e-mail]" 15-JAN-1991 20:11:33.78
To:    DC
CC:
Subj:    Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?

Return-Path: <@MAX.BERKELEY.EDU:serene![e-mail]>
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To: [e-mail]
Subject: Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?
Newsgroups: comp.misc,comp.os.minix,comp.sys.nsc.32k,comp.unix.xenix.sco
In-Reply-To: <[e-mail]>
Organization: RF Engineering, Del Mar, California
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 91 20:08:26 PST
From: [e-mail] (Rick Farris)
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>

In article <[e-mail]> you write:

> I'm hoping that someone out there who's done this can tell
> me how to go about getting assigned an internet address, and
> what kind of physical connection they use and to where, and
> just how massive a financial outlay is required.

I have an Internet address, but I haven't taken the next
step onto the Internet.  PSI will give you a dial-up slip
connection for (I think) $250/month.  The only equipment you
need is a Telebit modem.  The drawback is that if you're not
in a "gateway" city, the long distance phone bills will kill
you.  (I'm not -- the closest is LA, a $20/hr bill)

I believe the next step up is a dedicated line (again to
either PSI or uunet's Alternet service) and I think those
costs are in the ~$2500/month range.  Plus an X.25 interface
which is not cheap.

I'd be interested in a summary of whatever you find out.

> If this turns out to be impossible, I figure I'll settle for
> news and mail via uucp.  I know one way to do this, which is
> to get in contact with one of the sites on the NIXPUB list.
> If anybody knows a better way, I'd like to hear about it.

That's about how it's done.  Actually, if you're in
Berkeley, I'd give the postmaster at UCB (look in the maps)
a voice call and ask for mail connections.  Since mail
doesn't generate a lot of traffic, he'll probably be happy
to accomodate you.  While you're on the phone, ask him if he
knows where you can get a news feed.  He may be willing to
feed you, or if not, he may know someone he feeds that will
feed you.

As a last resort, get "Reach Out California" and call me for
news.  (2 hrs a day for a full feed.)

Oh, and don't forget uunet.  $35/month plus connect time.


--
Rick Farris  RF Engineering POB M Del Mar, CA 92014  voice [phone]
[e-mail]     ...!ucsd!serene!rfarris      serenity bbs 259-7757



From:    MX%"[e-mail]" 15-JAN-1991 23:06:08.70
To:    DC
CC:
Subj:    Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?

Return-Path: <@MAX.BERKELEY.EDU:[e-mail]>
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From: [e-mail] (Christophe Wolfhugel)
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?
To: [e-mail]
Date: Wed, 16 Jan 91 8:11:18 MET
In-Reply-To: <[e-mail]>; from "Dave Cottingham"
    at Jan 15, 91 5:03 pm
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.3 PL11]

In his message, Dave Cottingham said:
|It sure would be great if my PC at home were on the internet. [...]

  I see 2 possibilities for you: the first as you said is to get your
  own attachment, but this will be very expensive, and I don't think
  that's interesting for just one or 2 machines.

  What would be more interesting is that your node get an attribution
  from an existing subnetwork you can call by phone. That would cost
  you just the negotiation of an attribution is this subnet, without
  having to bother about an IP domain.

  Hope this help.

--
Christophe Wolfhugel                  |  Email: [e-mail]
INSA Lyon - Departement Informatique  |  Fax: [phone]
69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France      |    (Attn-To: Wolfhugel - C 210)

  Disclaimer: these are my own opinions, not my employer's.

From:    MX%"ames!claris!portal!cup.portal.com![e-mail]" 16-JAN-1991 01:49:41.27
To:    DC
CC:
Subj:    Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?

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To: [e-mail] (Dave Cottingham)
Subject: Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?
Lines: 19
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 91 22:42:56 PST
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
X-Origin: The Portal System (TM)

Dave, as I understand it, you have to talk some site into
giving you a feed. This entails a modem line in, lots of mass storage,
(you DID want *everything*, didn't you?), and pretty high fees,
usually based on the traffic, over which you have litle control.

Your other choice, that of getting mail and news via uucp, is
a lot easier and cheaper. I use Portal Communications, in
Cupertino (South Bay). For $10 per month, we get unlimited
use of a large system of local BBs, Usenet email, and news.
They have a fairly sophisticated news reader interface, and
archive many groups for quite long periods. I know this is
a toll call for you, but you might try it out for a few months,
and also look for a similar service in the North or East Bay.

They can be reached in Cupertino at [phone] by voice,
or log in at [phone] or 725-1930 for info online.
(1200 or 2400 bps, 8,N,1)

Dave     [e-mail]

From:    MX%"<[e-mail]>" 16-JAN-1991 09:25:43.28
To:    DC
CC:
Subj:    Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?

Return-Path: <@MAX.BERKELEY.EDU:[e-mail]>
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Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: Wed, 16 Jan 91 12:26:52 EST
From: [e-mail] (Warren J. Lavallee)
Reply-To: <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail]
Subject: Re: Q: how to make home PC an internet node?
Newsgroups: comp.misc,comp.os.minix,comp.sys.nsc.32k,comp.unix.xenix.sco
References: <[e-mail]>

In comp.unix.xenix.sco you write:
>I'm hoping that someone out there who's done this can tell me how to
>go about getting assigned an internet address, and what kind of
>physical connection they use and to where, and just how massive a
>financial outlay is required.  (Software is another issue, but I was
>going to worry about that later.)


Here's how I'd do it.  BIG BUCKS...  NEARnet is only New England though,
you'd have to find your local network service provider.

                             NEARnet FEE SCHEDULE
                               January 1, 1990
Annual Membership Dues

Member Class      Type            Annual Revenue/Budget       Dues Amount
University/       Small                <$50M                  $ 1,000
Non-Profit        Medium               $50-200M               $ 2,500
                  Large                $200-500M              $ 5,000
                  Very Large           >$500M                 $ 7,500

Industry/         Entrepreneurial      <$10M                  $ 1,000
Government        Small                $10-50M                $ 5,000
                  Medium               $50-200M               $10,000
                  Large                $200M-1B               $15,000
                  Very Large           >$1B                   $20,000

Annual Service Fees  (These do not include leased line costs.)
                                   Connection Data Rate       Service Fee
                                   9.6Kb/s                    $ 6,000
                                   56Kb/s                     $ 9,000
                                   500Kb/s                    $15,000
                                   T1 (1.54Mb/s)              $24,000
                                   10 Mb/s microwave          $36,000

Annual Leased Line Costs

NEARnet will provide purchasing services for leased telephone lines for
member organizations.  The options available and their costs will vary
per member location.

One Time Installation Fees
Self Service Installation*:        Medium                   Estimated Fee
                                   9.6Kb/s leased line      $10,750
                                   56Kb/s leased line       $ 9,750
                                   500Kb/s leased line      $20,500
                                   T1 leased line           $20,500
                                   10 Mb/s microwave        $50,000

*For full service installation add $2,500 to the self service fee.

Please call NEARnet at [phone] for an exact quotation for your site.

NEARnet is operated on the basis of full-cost recovery.  Charges are designed
to recover the full costs of providing service to the NEARnet members.
Membership dues cover the costs of management, administration, and user
services.  Service fees cover the costs of network operations, maintenance,
depreciation and backbone circuits.  Installation fees cover the costs of
providing equipment to connect members to the network.  Fees are subject to
periodic review and change by the NEARnet Steering Committee.