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- Microwave Oven Experiments
-
- Over the years I've indulged my fascination with microwave ovens by doing
- unwise experimentation.
-
- Disclaimer: This information is presented for your information only. Anyone
- who tries to duplicate these demonstrations does so entirely at their own
- risk. There is a chance that you will damage your microwave oven. There is a
- chance that you will cause a fire.
-
- They're Heeeeere!
-
- Years ago I was living with roomates, and while working in the kitchen I
- noticed that the florescent light over the sink was about 8 inches long. A
- light went on in my brain ;) because I'd always wondered what would happen if
- a flourescent tube was placed in a microwave oven. In theory the RF energy
- should have enough voltage to ignite the mercury vapor into a plasma, and the
- lamp should light. But standard ovens put out at least 500 watts, so the tiny
- flourescent tube should light quite bright, to say the least. I'd never
- encountered a flourescent tube which was short enough to fit. So, I pulled out
- the tube, stuck it in the oven, said "THEY'RE HEEEEEERE!" , and punched the ON
- switch. Sure enough, the kitchen was lit up by a blue-white blaze of light
- coming from the front of the microwave oven. I only let it run for about 1
- second, but this was enough to heat the flourescent tube so it was too hot to
- touch.
-
- Snifter of Neon
-
- While working on a microwave article for an encyclopedia, it crossed my mind
- that it might be possible to map the pattern of RF energy in the oven by
- filling it with low pressure gas. The gas would glow in proportion to the RF
- electric field in various parts of the oven's volume. This would be an
- involved bit of construction to pull off, so I did the next best thing. I
- grabbed a big bag of NE-2 neon pilot lights and stuck them into a wineglass,
- hoping that this small volume would show some patterns when the glass was
- rotated by the oven's turntable. I filled the glass with water, to give the
- oven something to heat so it wouldn't be damaged by the small load presented
- by the bulbs. I ran the oven, and the bulbs glowed REALLY BRIGHT. As the
- turntable turned, various bulbs extinguished and others lit up. However, I
- could see no coherent patterns. When I emptied the glass, I discovered that
- several of the bulbs were stuck together. The short metal leads of some bulbs
- had melted into the glass of adjacent ones. Also, several of the bulbs had
- small holes melted through their glass, and were full of water. Apparently the
- plasma temperature was so high that it heated the glass to melting. Or,
- possibly some corona discharges developed between the inside and outside of
- the bulbs and burned through the glass.
-
- Foil-eating Plasma
-
- I'd seen flames produced by microwave ovens before. In the strong RF field,
- even the tiniest flame will absorb a large percent of the many-hundred-watts
- oven output. Thousand watt candle? So, I decided to try initiating an
- electrical flame-discharge intentionally. I tore aluminum foil into 2"
- squares, crumpled it lightly so it didn't lay flat, then placed it on the oven
- turntable with the two pieces in light contact. Sure enough, when the oven was
- turned on there was a loud buzz and a bright light, and a flame erupted from
- the contact point between the two pieces of foil. When I looked in on them, I
- found that the brief flame had eaten a bite about the size of a dime out of
- both pieces.
-
- Mapping the Energy Nodes
-
- Microwave ovens cook unevenly because a pattern of standing waves forms inside
- the oven chamber, and the pattern creates an array of hotspots throughout the
- oven's volume. An operating frequency of around 2000 MHZ will produce a
- wavelength of around 10cm, and the hotspots should be at halfwave points, or
- every 5cm, but in a complex 3D pattern. I'd always wondered how this could be
- visualized. Perhaps fill the entire oven with raw eggwhites, then let the oven
- cook them into an interesting white, rubbery 3D sculpture? Or fill the oven
- with solid wax, and let the RF hotspots melt out a 3D structure of holes?
- Finally someone figured it out:
-
- Alistair Steyn-Ross and Alister Riddell, STANDING WAVES IN A MICROWAVE
- OVEN, The Physics Teacher October 1990, Vol. 28 No. 7 pp474-476
-
- Steyn-Ross and Riddell were stimulated to investigate the pattern of melted
- cheese on an oven-cooked pizza. They hit on the use of Cobalt Chloride soaked
- paper. When wet, CoCl solution is pink, but turns sky blue when dry. (It's
- sometimes sold as "weather indicator" paper) They discovered that this worked
- beautifully, and a large square of the paper would give varying patterns of
- pink and blue when supported at different heights on a tile of cork within the
- oven.
-
-
- Some Microwave Oven Myths
-
- Do Microwave Ovens cook from the inside out?
-
- Nope. Food is partially transparent to the radio waves, so the energy is
- able to shine through it, but at the same time the waves are absorbed by
- the food. Most of the heat is produced in an outer layer about an inch
- thick. So, large pieces of meat will be quickly cooked to a depth of about
- an inch, while the inside portions are cooked by heat conduction, just like
- in a conventional oven.
-
- If I put a fork in the Microwave, will it destroy the oven?
-
- Nope, this is a myth, but it has some roots in reality. In order to safely
- use metals inside a microwave oven, the cook would have to learn numerous
- complex and mysterious rules in order to avoid fires and undercooked food.
- For example, thin metal will heat up fast in the oven, and may cause fires.
- The famous problem of the staple in the paper popcorn bag comes to mind. If
- a metal object is touched to another one or to the metal wall of the oven,
- an electric arc might ignite there and if not stopped it can set fire to
- the oven. Sharp conductive points can initiate a corona discharge, a "Saint
- Elmo's Fire" which behaves the same as a flame and can set fire to the oven
- if allowed to continue. So it's much easier to totally ban the use of
- metals in microwave ovens.
-
- Aren't these ovens tuned so they only heat water?
-
- No. The usual operating frequency of a microwave oven is nowhere near the
- resonant frequency of water, and the RF energy will heat other substances.
- For example, drops of grease on a plastic microwave dish can be heated far
- hotter than 100C, and cause the mysterious scarring which frequently occurs
- on plastic utensils. Any molecule which is "polar" and has positive and
- negative ends will be rotated to align with the electric field of the radio
- waves in the oven. The vibrating electric field vibrates the water
- molecules (and any other polar molecules) within the food.
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