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- O O
- O How to Construct a High Voltage Jacob's Ladder O
- O by O
- O ..oooOO Count Zero OOooo.. O
- O O
- ..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..oo..
-
-
- Greetings...I assume all of you have at one point seen the old Frankenstein
- movies where the lab is filled with an assortment of electronic gadgets, all
- of them sparking and hissing furiously...Well, if you remember, one of these
- consisted of a V-shaped piece of wire, where a spark would form at the base of
- the V and slowly crawl up the wires, expanding until it reached the top..where
- it would bow out and disappear while a new spark formed back at the base...
- Such a device is known as a Jacob's Ladder (from the Bible, I think, where this
- dude named Jacob has a vision of Angels climbing some celestial, firey ladder)
- and was designed especially for special effects use in Frankenstein movies...
-
-
- ANYWAY, such a device is SIMPLE to create, and the total cost is only about
- $50....but FIRST I want to explain the theory behind its operation (what's the
- use in building something if you have no CLUE why it works?!?). The term
- VOLTAGE refers to potential, or like water pressure (a decent analogy).......
- CURRENT refers to electrical flow, or like the volume of water flowing thru a
- pipe...a DIELECTRIC is something that resists the flow of electricity until a
- high enough VOLTAGE is created, sort of like fish clogging a pipe until the
- water pressure builds enough to BLAST the fish and rush thru (hehehe..mebbe I
- should have been a plumber)...OK...well, AIR is a DIELECTRIC...and when two
- points in space build up enough VOLTAGE between them, a spark jumps between
- them (like lightning)..AIR is a tough dielectic...it takes about 1 thousand
- volts to create a spark only 1 millimeter long!...BUT..just because you have
- a high voltage DOESN'T mean your CURRENT is large...remember rubbing your feet
- on rugs in the library then going up to the class dweeb and touching his arm?
- Remember that spark that jumped from your finger?..well, you built up a VOLTAGE
- of about 2 thousand volts (2 mm distance, usually)..but the CURRENT was very
- LOW...remember, HIGH VOLTAGE does not always mean HIGH CURRENT...
- High currents KILL....a car battery, with only about 12 Volts, packs some
- SERIOUS current...enough to kill you QUICKLY....while that spark from your
- finger packed HIGH VOLTAGE..but no killing current....remember the old maxim
-
- "Volts jolt, but mills (as in milliAmps) KILL" *
-
- *Unfortunately, when you get up to a Voltage in excess of 10 thou, it IS
- enough to kill you...several times over..
-
-
- BTW, Amps are the measure of current magnitude...
-
-
- Now, a Jacob's Ladder works by building up a Voltage of AT LEAST 10 thousand
- Volts at the base of the V...this initial spark will heat and ionize the air
- directly above it, REDUCING the BREAKDOWN Voltage (normally 1kV/1mm) of this
- air..........basically, it becomes easier for the spark to form in
- this heated, ionized air, and the spark CLIMBS up the ladder..while the spark
- gets LONGER AND LONGER (as a result of the reduced breakdown voltage).......
- This spark grows longer and climbs, hissing and writhing between the wires
- ..... until it reaches the top of the V and bows out, extinguishing itself..
- after which another spark immediately forms back at the base.....got it? good.
-
- ACTUAL CONSTRUCTION....simple...ALL you need is a high voltage transformer..
- this transformer will BOOST the Voltage of your house current from 120V to
- 10kV or higher...but, "Where can I get a high voltage transformer?"...simple..
- find a Neon sign manufacturer/seller and ask them if they have any OLD Neon
- sign transformers lying around...tell the dude you NEED an OLD one that has
- an output of AT LEAST 10 thousand Volts...the Current output doesn't matter..
- DO NOT buy a NEW Neon sign transformer...it will not work properly..new Neon
- signs typically use transformers of a low output Voltage, and the Voltage is
- later stepped up with an array of capacitors, etc....SO...if you're lucky,
- the guy will pull out this black, oily, rectangular thing (probably will look
- like a battery)...with 2 ceramic standoffs (those things you shoot with BB guns
- on top of power lines..)..these ceramic standoffs are the OUTPUT...look for 3
- bolts..they will be the INPUT...(and ground)...ASK THE GUY to TRY THE THING...
- make sure he tests it before you buy it...don't get ripped off...OK..now,
- you've got this thing...what do you do?...FIRST..clean it up a bit...if it is
- leaking oil a bit, seal any leaks...this oil inside is NECESSARY to dissipate
- heat...NOW...get TWO coat hangers....straighten them up...attach them to the
- ceramic standoffs like this...
-
- ----- X - 4"- X
- | X X
- | X X
- 12" X X
- | X X <------------------ coathangers
- -------- X X
- X X
- X X
- I I
- OOO OOO <------------ ceramic standoffs (OUTPUT)
- ---------------
- | |
- | transformer |
- | |oooooooooooooooooooooE
- | | ^cord and plug to wall socket
- ---------------
-
-
- The hangers at the base of the V should be about 0.5" apart...Bend the hangers
- with a pair of needle nose pliers...
-
-
- The CRITICAL thing here is the distance and angle of the coathangers....you
- will have to play with them to get them right...the distances given are
- approximations......when you get the distances right, the spark should
- climb all the way to the top..!
-
- OK..."How do I plug this sucker in?..is it safe for my house?..will I blow
- every fuse on the block?"...first of all, it drains only as much juice as
- an average TV set, so it won't blow any fuses..but it WILL fuck up radio
- and television broadcasts.....(fun with the neighbors!!!!)
-
- The next thing to do is make a trip to Radio Hack and buy a 3-prong
- plug...YOU MUST GET A 3 PRONG....with exposed wires ..like this...
-
-
- oooXXX ....... < to input
- plug > ooo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX./....... < to input
- oooXXX \............ < to ground
-
-
- Attach this cord to your transformer...be sure to ground this sucker!...if you
- aren't sure about which is the input and ground, ASK THE DUDE YOU BUY IT FROM!!
- Wrap all exposed wires on this cord with electrician's tape...(heheh..DON'T
- WRAP the coathangers..they need to be BARE)
- If your coathangers have paint on 'em, sand it off....
-
- OK..now..PLUG IT IN?...NO...also buy at Radio Hack one of those surge
- suppressing power strips..the kind with a switch built in..ok...plug the
- strip in..make sure it is OFF...then plug in the transformer cord...then stand
- back and turn it on..probably, nothing will happen...UNPLUG the transformer
- and adjust the coathangers (move 'em a bit closer)..try, try again..you will
- eventually get it right!..
-
- WARNING: I don't think I need to tell you how DANGEROUS this thing is...as long
- as you remain AT LEAST 3 feet away from it, you are in no danger...transformers
- don't blow up....they are very simple devices...BUT, as the sucker is sparking,
- you might notice a strange smell in the air..this is OZONE, produced by the
- ionization..OZONE is DEADLY to humans..at least when it is inhaled....this
- is the same smell you notice after an electrical storm..ALSO, Ultraviolet
- light is produced during the spark's creation...if you STARE at this thing all
- night, your corneas will be phucked up...so if you must, wear UV shades..!
-
- A note of warning.....high voltage like this will cause every muscle in your
- body to contract...since this is AC high voltage, they will contract
- spastically...let me illustrate...
-
- "Bob sets up his c00l new Jacob's ladder at a party...Wayne is amazed by it and
- reached out to adjust the coathangers...when he gets within about an INCH of
- hangers, a brilliant blue spark jumps to his hand...Wayne's hand spastically
- clamps shut on the coathangers...all the muscles in his body contract
- violently...with a gutteral scream, his diaphram expells all air from his
- lungs..he empties his bowels, as well as shits his pants...his brain shuts
- down within seconds, but his muscles keep fibrillating...his heart merely
- quivers in his chest, as Waynes eyeballs turn opaque and wither....if Wayne
- is lucky, his leg spasms propell him away from the transformer..breaking the
- connection..but he probably will land on the floor already dead"..
-
- Get the picture?
-
- I don't want to scare anyone off, but this IS a SERIOUS device..not a CUTE
- PLASMA SPHERE..not a mythical Blotto box...this thing is REAL and WILL WORK..
- but you must use it carefully and with respect...if you do, you have nothing
- to worry about...heck, it's probably safer to use than to drive down the
- Interstate!....just don't leave it on for more than 5 or 10 min. at a time..
- otherwise it may overheat a bit...
-
- OK...now you have it...what do you do with it?...show it off at Halloween
- parties....impress your friends...impress your enemies...use it as a project
- for a Science class....generate ozone to replenish the Earth's ozone layer...
- turn it on, turn out all the lights, and marvel at the POWER of electricity..
- we forget what electricity looks like in its RAW form....make it part of an
- art project..a monument to the age of electonics!
-
- ..oooOOooo..
-
- Some Neon sign manufacturers that PROBABLY have such transformers
- in the Boston area (I live in Boston) include
-
- Neon Williams
- 93 Hano St., Allston
- 617/783-9680
- 617/547-7001
-
- Jim Did it Signs
- 465 Cambridge St., Allston
- 617/728-2410
-
- The price for an OLD Neon sign transformer should be about $40-50....
- Look in the yellow pages under "Neon Signs"..make some phone calls..
- you shouldn't have too much of a problem locating one....
-
- Well, it's been PHUN, dudes...this is my first textfile about high-voltage
- gizmos...I plan to write more...too many textfiles out there are full
- of SH!T or outdated or BOTH in regards to electronic devices...I plan
- to try and remedy that situation...I know what I'm talking about..and
- I BUILD everything I talk about....if you have any questions, contact
- me at any decent board in MA.....
-
-
-
- Special Greetings to Darby, JT, Muppet, Magic Man,Madmike, Falcon, George Bush,
- FBI Agent, Canine, Plutus, Old Pink, the Knight, and anyone else I forgot..
-
- Call ATDT!...Life w/out ATDT isn't worth living! (617)PRI-VATE
-
- Keep the faith, share the knowledge, and drink Jolt cola...
-
- ..................................
-
- ..oooOO Count Zero OOooo..,MCWS
-
- ..................................
-
-