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- Originally from Brian Sorensen (1:109/195) to All.
- ---- Begin Forwarded Message
- From: Wulf Losee <WLosee@Getty.Edu>
- The Parable of the Bulletin Board
-
- Once there was a wealthy city-state whose populace was extremely literate.
- In every square and market place of the city there were bulletin boards.
- Some of the boards were provided by Council of Elders (who managed the
- city); some were provided by private citizens; some by merchants; some by
- the temples; and some by academic institutions of the city-state. Anyone,
- citizen or non-citizen, could post to these boards, and much of the
- intellectual, political, and commercial discourse of the city-state played
- itself out on the thousands of scraps of paper stuck to the boards each day.
-
- It came to pass that an anonymous accusation was pinned to one of the
- boards, accusing a wealthy and influential merchant of financial misdeeds.
- The merchant, with all his heart, believed that these accusations were lies.
- So he went before the Council of Elders and said to them, "See, I have been
- libeled, and my good name defamed. My business will surely suffer, and, if it
- does, I will no longer be able to make the generous financial contributions to
- your Council that I have in the past." The Council, not wanting to show
- overt favoritism to the merchant, decided that from hence forth
- anonymous postings would be outlawed. Any posting to any bulletin board
- in the city would need to bear the signature and the address of the person
- who posted it (hmmm, sounds like Los Angeles, doesn't it? -- ed.). The
- board owners would be obliged to remove any anonymous postings from
- their board or face severe fines. Some of the board owners did not have the
- time to check all the hundreds of postings that appeared every hour on their
- boards, so they opted to tear down their boards. And the discourse of the
- city was muted somewhat by the law against anonymous postings.
-
- The wealthy merchant was satisfied with this arrangement, though "Now no
- one can anonymously libel me," he thought. But the next day thousands of
- leaflets, bearing the wealthy merchant's signature and address, were posted
- on the remaining boards of the city. On them were printed a public apology
- from the merchant confessing his financial misdeeds. "These signatures are
- forgeries!" cried the merchant. "I have been libeled by someone using my
- good name falsely!"
-
- The merchant went back to the Council of Elders, and proposed that each
- posting to the city's boards would need to bear the unique seal of the person
- posting. The Elders agreed to the suggestion and proclaimed that only
- postings with complex and intricate seals (which would be 'impossible' to
- forge) would allowed on the bulletin boards of the city-state. Now it was no
- coincidence that only the expensive government-sponsored seals
- manufactured by the Seal-makers Guild (who were patrons of the Elders)
- could be used. Only the wealthiest fifty percent of the citizens of this
- city-state could afford these expensive seals, and so the discourse of the
- city was again diminished.
-
- Unfortunately, the Seal-makers, thinking no one else had the technology of
- metal-working, carelessly threw their molds in the trash. Soon a thriving
- black market in forged seals (made from the discarded molds) sprang up. For
- seals were now the key to trust, and unscrupulous individuals could use them
- for their own profit. Within a week the postings defaming the wealthy
- merchant reappeared on the bulletin boards of the city -- each bearing the
- merchant's 'unforgeable' seal.
-
- Enraged, the wealthy merchant went back to the Council of Elders, and
- demanded that the board owners be made legally responsible for the content
- of the postings on their boards. The Council agreed. The small board
- owners cried, "Alas, we cannot afford to violate the law, for we do not have
- the time nor the resources to read every message that crosses our boards.
- Nor do we precisely know what is a libelous posting and what is merely an
- outspoken posting." Of course, the Lawyers Guild offered to advise them
- and protect them from courts for 'very reasonable' fees, but the small board
- owners did not have the money. So it came to pass that only the three
- wealthiest board owners could stay in business, for only they could afford
- the lawyers to dispute the merchant's claim of libel.
-
- And still the scurrilous messages appeared on the remaining three bulletin
- boards of the city. After long and intricate legal maneuvers, the merchant
- was unable to extract damages from the wealthy board owners. But each
- party had spent so much on their lawyers that they now were willing to
- compromise. The board owners agreed to restrict access to their boards.
- Only authorized users could enter through the locked and guarded gate to the
- boards, and those users needed to show extensive proof of their identity and
- sign all sorts of logs accepting their liability for libelous postings. The
- merchant was now content. "No one, but no one, will be able to libel me
- now without leaving a trail to his doorstep!" Only those people wealthy
- enough to be able to afford the fees of the Town-Criers Guild and fees of the
- Messenger's Guild (who by the way were immensely happy with the
- disappearance of the bulletin boards) could continue to do business. So the
- discourse of the city was muted to a small fraction of what it once was.
-
- Still the scurrilous postings appeared on the three big boards. The merchant
- persuaded to Council of Elders to use its watchmen to observe the boards.
- And the watchmen returned with an explanation. "Oh, noble sir," they said,
- "these libelous postings are pegged to the board by an ingenious method.
- They are shot on darts over the city's wall and thus they are posted on our
- boards." The merchant replied, "Well go outside the city's walls and capture
- the man who is shooting these darts." The watchmen replied, "Alas, noble
- sir, that is outside our jurisdiction." The merchant went to the Council of
- Elders and demanded that city-state declare war on their neighbors, but the
- Council replied that there had been a precipitous drop in the tax revenues,
- and all the mercenaries had been discharged. The merchant in a helpless
- rage started foaming at the mouth, and he died there on the Council Room
- floor from apoplexy. No one mourned his passing, though, since most of
- the inhabitants had left the city-state to find a living elsewhere.
-
- One of the Elders got the bright idea to repeal all the ordinances regulating
- the bulletin boards, but his fellows replied, "Are you crazy? The bulletin
- boards were what got us into this mess in the first place!"
-
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