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etherppp read.me file
Merit Network, Inc.
PPP Packet Driver Documentation August 5, 1993
This PPP packet driver was developed at, and is copyrighted by, the Merit
Network, Inc. and the University of Michigan. Merit and the University of
Michigan grant an unlimited license for use and redistribution of the
executable program provided that it is not sold for profit, either as is or
as part of another product. Charges to cover the cost of duplication and
distribution are permitted. The Packet Driver is offerred "as is" - neither
Merit nor the University of Michigan make any guarantees about the
performance or reliability of the software.
The Packet Driver was developed to allow NCSA TELNET, version 2.3, for DOS to
work over asynchronous serial connections including MichNet public dial-in
lines as well as hardwired SCP connections. The packet driver and NCSA are
bundled together as a package. This is because the packet driver was written
with a PPP interface to applications, and the released NCSA software does not
support PPP packet interfaces. The supported NCSA applications, telbin and
ftp server, have been modified by Merit/UM staff to support the PPP packet
driver.
In the future we expect to implement a Packet Driver that presents an
ethernet interface to the application and works over an async PPP network
connection. When this is available, the PPP packet driver will (we hope)
work with NCSA TELNET as released, and with any other DOS applications, such
as POP (Post Office Protocol) mail, usenet news, or gopher which interface to
ethernet packet driver. The NCSA services you are getting in this package
are a telnet client and an ftp server. This documentation provides the
following information:
I. What is PPP?
II. What is a packet driver?
III. What files or programs are in this package?
IV. How to set your PPP parameters and load PPP
V. Information on the CONFIG.PPP file
VI. Authorizing PPP sessions
VII. Information on the CONFIG.TEL file
VIII. How to load NCSA
IX. Information on the TERMIN.COM file
X. Acknowledgements
I. What is PPP?
PPP is Point-to-Point Protocol, an Internet standard
protocol. It can be faster than Serial Line Framing
Protocol (SLFP) because of a feature called header
compression. For more details on PPP, see the
September, 1991, MichNet News. More information
can also be found in Request for Comments (RFC) numbers
1331, 1332, and 1334.
II. What is a packet driver?
A packet driver is a software program that acts as an
interface between applications running on DOS machines and
lower networking layers.
III. Files or programs in this package
read.me file (documentation)
ppp.exe program (packet driver)
telbin.exe program (ncsa telnet)
config.tel file (ncsa parameters)
config.ppp file (optional packet driver parameters)
stat.exe program
termin.com program (uninstalls packet driver)
IV. How to set your PPP parameters and load PPP
Note: If you are on a hardwired connection, you will need
to check that your terminal type is set at the same speed
your connection. See your SCP manager regarding this.
To load the PPP packet driver you can simply enter:
PPP
at your DOS prompt. This will cause the program to attempt to establish
a network connection based on the default options of the program.
The default values are indicated in the command summary in the next section.
If you need to use a value other than a default you can change the
value with the "/<o> <v>" syntax where "<o>" is the option you wish
to change, and "<v>" is the new value to be used. For example:
ppp /s 9600 /d atdt7473400
would set the the speed to 9600 bps and pass the "atdt7473400" dial
command to your modem. You need only include options for the values
you wish to change, all options not specified will be left at their
defaults.
-- Command line options:
/b -- base address of communications (serial) port --
default = 0x3F8
The default, 0x3F8, specifies communications (serial) port,
COM1. Use this option when base address/irq pair can not be
specified by the /c option.
/c -- communications (serial) port -- default = 1
You can specify which serial port to use through either the "/c"
option or the "/b" and "/i" options. The following table provides
the default base address and irq values used for com ports 1-4.
/c /b /i
- ----- -
1 0x3F8 4
2 0x2F8 3
3 0x3E8 4
4 0x2E8 3
If you need a combination of values not given above, use the
/b and /i options to explicately specify them.
/d -- dial commands -- default = ''
This option provides you with a way to specify a connection script
to use in establishing initial connection. The default script is
set up for a hardwired connection to an SCP. If you are using a
hardwired connection to MichNet you should use the default.
If you have a dial modem and are connecting to a MichNet SCP, you
can modify the default script to include a modem command. This
is used to dial a MichNet number. If your modem supports MNP
you will need to include the AT commands to turn that off as part
of the dial string. Various examples are provided below.
The command:
/d atdt7644800
will dial the Ann Arbor 2400bps number from a modem on a tone line. If
you have a DSI 9624LE modem, and so need to turn off MNP, you would
use the command:
/d at*E0dt7473400
The commands for changing the setting of MNP are specific to a modem,
so you will need to check your manual to determine the ones for your
modem. If you need to include a '%' in a modem command you will need
to double it. For example, to pass the command "at%E0dt7473400"
to your modem you would need to enter it as: /d at%%E0dt7473400 .
If you are using a pulse line you would need to change the "dt" in the
examples above to a "dp".
In order to completly disable the initial connection sequence use:
/d none
If you are calling in to something other than a MichNet SCP it may
be necessary to set up a connection script different than the
default. To do this, use the command:
/d script
to indicate to the packet driver that it is to get a script from
the file dial.ppp in the directory where ppp.exe resides.
The name of the dial script file may be over-riden by setting
the environment variable DIAL.PPP.
The file will consist of a series of send and recv commands.
The format of the commands in the dial script are as follows:
send <string>
recv <waitm> [ <string> ]
where
<string> is a C style string.
<waitms> is a number representing time in milliseconds.
The string in the recv command is optional. If absent, the script
receives characters for the time period, and then proceeds to the
next command.
If present, it receives characters until a string match, or the timer
expires. If it expires, the script fails.
An example of a string that might be used to call to the Livingston
Portmaster to dial the number and wait for the "login:" prompt
before initiating PPP is
send "at\r"
recv 5000 "OK\r\n"
send "atdt99999\r"
recv 60000 "host:"
recv 2000
note that the 99999 would need to be changed to the number for the
Livingston.
PPP would then use PAP to send id and pw, as in the previous
examples.
/f -- fifo checking -- default = 1
Initial FIFO check value. If set to one, PPP checks for a 16550a UART
for the communications port. This allows the high performance FIFO on
chip to be used. If set to zero, PPP assumes a normal 8250 chip set.
/h -- handware flow-control -- default = 1
If set to one, PPP uses hardware flow-control. Transmission is only
allowed if clear-to-send (cts) is enabled. Currently, request-to-send (rts)
is always enabled. Set to zero if CTS is always high, or not reliably
asserted.
/i -- IRQ -- default = 4
The "/i" option sets the interrupt for the communications port.
Use this option if the base address/irq pair can not be specified
by the /c option.
/k -- packet driver class -- default = 1
The option controls which class the packet driver presents to its
client. If set to one, if appears as an ethernet class device. If
set to 15, an SLFP class device.
/p -- packet driver memory location -- default = 0x60
This is memory address of your machine at which the PPP packet driver
will be loaded. You may need to use a different address if you have
other packet drivers loaded on your machine.
/q -- "quit" paramter -- default = 0
If set to "1", a soft hangup is performed when the terminate function
is called. This only works with hayes-compatable modems, as this sends
"+++" and "ATH0". If set to "0", a hardware hangup is performed by
dropping DTR.
/s -- speed -- bit rate of line -- default = 9600
If you have a hardwired connection you will want to make sure
your speed matches the speed of your connection. Also, make
sure that /d is set to the default or none.
/t -- timeout timer -- default = 180
Various aspects of the connection establishment process use timers. If
attempts to establish a connection are timing out you may need to
supply a value greater than the 180 second default.
/u -- user identification -- default = ''
The value of this field is used during the connection authorization/
authentication stage of the connection establishment process. This
value can also be supplied through the CONFIG.PPP file. If you do
not supply a value with this option, and are connecting to MichNet
from a dial-in or public terminal, you will be prompted for one when
the connection is being setup.
The value supplied here should be your MichNet authorization code. The
code has two parts -- one is the name of the host your account is on
and the other is the account on that machine. The two parts are
separated by a slash '/'. For example:
um/abcd
would be the authorization code for someone whose userid is "ABCD" on
the "UM" host at the University of Michigan. If you do not have an
authorization server account you can get "Basic Service" by entering the
username of "anonymous". When prompted for a password you will give
the password for your authorization account, or in the case of
"anonymous", you can enter "guest".
A more complete discussion on PPP session authentication/authorization
can be found below.
/v -- turn on verbose mode
The default is 0. To turn it on you use /v 1.
V. The CONFIG.PPP file:
The CONFIG.PPP file can be used to set the values of some options. The
use of this file is optional, and can be set off by renaming the file
provided to some other name. If this file is turned off, the
following two commands are executed:
ppp quick
ppp lcp open
DOS looks for an environment variable, CONFIG.PPP, to find the
location of the CONFIG.PPP file. If the file is not found,
in DOS 3.0 and later, DOS looks for the CONFIG.PPP file in the
directory where PPP.EXE was run from. Otherwise, DOS looks
in the current directory for CONFIG.PPP.
ppp trace <n> -- ppp trace 0
If set to 0, turns off tracing. If set to 255, turns on all tracing.
If greater than 0, turns on serious internal problems tracing
If greater than 1, turns on interoperability problems tracing
If set to 0x08, traces option negotiation
If set to 0x40, traces option checking
If set to 0x80, gives entry information of every routine
In general you will probably not need (or want) to have tracing turned
on. Removing this line from the CONFIG.PPP file, or setting the value
to "0" will turn off tracing.
ppp pap user -- setting user authentication
The syntax of the command is <host>/<username> <password>
This option allows you to provide authorization information (as outlined
in the "/u" option above). Using the "/u" option will override the value
provided in the CONFIG.PPP file.
ppp pap user um/abcd
While the password, if included, will be passed through on the
authorization process, it is not generally a good idea to put
passwords in files.
ppp quick
The "ppp quick" option sets up a number of defaults, including:
- Async control character map set to 0x00000000
- Van Jacobsen header compression turned on
- Address control field compression turned on
- Protocol field compression turned on
- Magic numbers turned on
ppp lcp open
Opens link control protocol.
ppp ipcp open
Opens IP control protocol.
VI. Authenticating/authorizing PPP sessions:
All PPP sessions that are established through "public" connections
to MichNet (for example, dial-in and public access terminals) are
required to be authenticated/authorized. Two levels of service are
available.
-- Basic Service:
If you do not have a MichNet authorization code you can enter
"anonymous" at the PPP "User:" prompt. You can enter "guest" when
prompted for a password. With basic service you will be able to
connect to ports 17, (quote of the day), 23 (telnet), and 21 & 20
(ftp connection and data), of MichNet hosts.
-- Full Service:
If you provide a validated authorization code and password when
prompted, you will be given full service. With full service you
can telnet to hosts outside of MichNet, as well as reach services
on ports other than those indicated under "Basic Service".
Detailed information on authorization codes can be found in the
"AUTHORIZATION server information" option under the ACCESS sub-menu
of the MichNet help server. The help server can be reached by entering
HELP at the MichNet "Which Host?" prompt.
VII. The CONFIG.TEL file:
The CONFIG.TEL file includes setup information for the NCSA telnet
program. The file includes information about Domain Name Serves,
as well as options for the location of the PPP packet driver and
the type of video card being used. If you change the location of
the packet driver with the "/p" command line parameter you will
need to change that value in the CONFIG.TEL file as well.
We have encountered some problems using the NCSA package over
slow connections (1200bps or lower). We will be doing some
further testing and will provide a modified CONFIG.TEL file
when these problems have been resolved.
VIII. HOW TO LOAD NCSA
At your DOS prompt type
telbin <hostname>
NCSA documentation is in the public domain and can
be ftp-ed from the following site:
ftp ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu
change to the PC/Telnet directory
IX. TERMIN.COM program:
The TERMIN.COM program can be used to unload the PPP packet driver
(and drop the modem connection), when you are done. To use the
program you enter:
termin 0x60
at the DOS prompt to remove the packet driver at the memory address
"0x60" (which is the default). If you have loaded the packet driver
at a different address you will need to replace "0x60" with that
alternate value.
If your modem doesn't hang up after executing TERMIN.COM,
make sure your modem does not ignore DTR. Check your
modem manual to find out how to make your modem not ignore
DTR.
***end of documentation***
X. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The PPP core software engine is based on public domain code written
by William Allen Simpson, taken from KA9Q. All modifications to
the PPP core software engine necessary to deveop the PPP packet
driver and bring the implementation to compliance with RFCs 1331,
1332, and 1334 have been performaed by Merit Network, Inc. and the
University of Michigan.
In recognition of his original work, William Allen Simpson has been
granted copyright for the PPP core software engine. The TCP header
compression routines used in the Packet Driver were written by Van
Jacobsen and are Copyrigh 1989 REgents of the University of
California. These routines were heavily modified by Katie Stevens
and William Allen Simpson. Some routines written by Phil Karn are
covered by the KA9Q distribution copyright.
Primary development of the PPP packet driver at Merit Network,
Inc., and the University of Michigan was done by Glenn McGregor.
If you have questions regarding any of this documentation,
contact the computing help desk at your local institution.
copyright, 1993, Merit Network, Inc.