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1992-11-22
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A PILOT'S GUIDE
TO THE
AUTOMATED
FLIGHT SERVICE
STATION
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Aviation Administration
SJT AFSS
San Angelo, Texas
PILOT'S GUIDE
TO THE
AUTOMATED FLIGHT SERVICE STATION
Whether you are an "old-timer" who nostalgically remembers the good
old days when the Flight Service Station was in that little building on your
local airport, or a nervous new student who finds the Automated Flight
Service Station telephone system more of a challenge than crosswind
landings - this booklet is for you.
Just as electronics and new technology have updated the cockpit, so
modernization has come to the flight service station. We hope that this guide
will help you become more familiar, and more comfortable, with our services
and, at the same time, help us to give you better service.
Your comments and questions are welcomed and appreciated. Our
administrative phone number is 915-944-8791.
Prepared by
San Angelo
Automated Flight Service Station
8485 Hangar Road
San Angelo, Texas 76904
Revised 8/92
TABLE OF CONTENTS
To access the AFSS system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Main menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
TIBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
TIBS recordings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fast file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Obtaining a weather briefing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Abbreviated briefing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Outlook briefing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Briefing tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Filing a flight plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Equipment suffix codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Converting local time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Filing tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Flight plans and clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Radio communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
HIWAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Radio frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Pilot weather reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Flight Watch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Flight Watch outlets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Search and rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Emergency services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
VOR frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
AUTOMATED FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS
AL: Anniston NE: Columbus
AZ: Prescott NV: Reno
AR: Jonesboro NJ: Millville
CA: Hawthorne NM: Albuquerque
Oakland NY: Buffalo
Rancho Murieta Islip
Riverside NC: Raleigh
San Diego ND: Grand Forks
CO: Denver OH: Cleveland
CT: Bridgeport Dayton
FL: Gainsville OK: McAlester
Miami OR: McMinnville
St. Petersburg PA: Altoona
GA: Macon Williamsport
ID: Boise SC: Anderson
IL: Kankakee SD: Huron
IN: Terre Haute TN: Jackson
IA: Fort Dodge Nashville
KS: Wichita TX: Conroe
KY: Louisville Fort Worth
LA: DeRidder San Angelo
ME: Bangor UT: Cedar City
MI: Lansing VT: Burlington
MN: Princeton VA: Leesburg
MS: Greenwood WA: Seattle
MO: Columbia WV: Elkins
St. Louis WI: Green Bay
MT: Great Falls WY: Casper
TO ACCESS THE
AUTOMATED FLIGHT SERVICE STATION SYSTEM
1. To reach the San Angelo Automated Flight Service Station, dial the local
number 944-9315 or the toll-free number 1-800-WX-BRIEF (1-800-992-7433).
2. A recorded welcome will identify the AFSS you have reached, and will
advise you to remain on the line if you wish to speak to a briefer. Your call
will be answered by the next available briefer (a real person)> If you are
using a touch-tone phone, you may access the main menu or other special
features by pressing the proper three digit code.
In all areas of the Southwest Region, and in most of the contiguous 48
states, the 1-800-WX-BRIEF number will enable you to access an AFSS. When
flying in Idaho, Mississippi, and West Virginia, check the Airport Facility
Directory for the appropriate Flight Service Station number.
The FAA Southwest Region consists of the states of Texas, Louisiana,
Arkansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. The Automated Flight Service Stations
(AFSS's) are located at San Angelo (SJT), Conroe (CXO), and Fort Worth (FTW),
TX; DeRidder (DRI), LA; Jonesboro (JBR), AR; McAlester (MLC), OK; and
Albuquerque (ABQ), NM.
MAIN MENU - 636
To access the Main Menu at SJT AFSS, press 636. The Main Menu lists
the three digit codes for the Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS)
routes, or other information available at the AFSS you are calling.
At the end of the menu, you will hear a tone. After the tone, press the
three digits for the requested route, or for any of the other special features.
You may interrupt the menu or any recorded information, including the
welcome announcement, by pressing the pound (#) symbol and then the (*)
symbol.
To talk with a briefer after listening to any of the recordings, press
the star symbol and then 99.
If you are using a Merlin phone system, you must press the pound
symbol twice whenever its use is indicated.
TIBS
Telephone Information Briefing Service replaces the former PATWAS
information. TIBS recordings provide weather data for frequently travelled
routes or areas pertinent to each AFSS. Recordings are updated during the
day at four or five hour intervals, or whenever there are significant changes
in current or forecast conditions.
The TIBS at each AFSS will include information pertinent to the area.
TIBS recordings available at SJT AFSS:
201 - SAT-AUS-DFW route
202 - SAT-HOU route
203 - Texas, south of a LRD-CRP line
204 - 50nm radius of SAT
207 - 50nm radius of AUS
209 - Current conditions at SJT-SAT-AUS-DFW-HOU-MFE
210 - Terminal forecasts for SJT-SAT-AUS
211 - Terminal forecasts for DFW-HOU-MFE
212 - Forecast winds aloft for SAT-DAL-HOU-BRO-ABI-INK
216 - Tropical Storm and Hurricane Advisories in the Gulf of Mexico
217 - Special events
218 - (November to January) Information on the South Texas Hunting
Season
222 - Information on how to obtain a quality weather briefing
224 - Instructions of using the Automated Telephone System
333 - Fast File
Other routes or information may be added to this list as needed.
Listening to the complete Main Menu occasionally will keep you updated on
changes.
At SJT AFSS, the first four recording may be accessed directly through
special numbers:
201 - Dial 1-800-433-8103
202 - Dial 1-800-433-8105
203 - Dial 1-800-433-8106
204 - Dial 1-800-433-8107
FAST FILE - 333
Fast File is a system by which a pilot may record flight plan information
without waiting to speak to a briefer. The "Fast" in Fast File means only that
it saves time for the pilot - not that the flight plan enter the ATC system
sooner.
When using Fast File, speak distinctly and use phonetic spelling for
navaids, intersections, and for the pilot's name. Give all information for the
blocks on the printed flight plan form and be sure that all routing information
is correct. Giving incorrect data or failing to provide all information may
result in the delay or loss of the flight plan.
Each AFSS may have specific requirements for use of Fast File - for
instance, San Angelo AFSS limits the service to IFR flight plans only. Listen
to the instructions given for Fast File at the AFSS you are calling. Filing
time requirements vary also, but at no AFSS should you use the Fast File for
proposed departures less than thirty minutes from filing time.
OTHER HELPS
It is suggested that pilots take time to become familiar with the services
available through the automated call director system at the AFSS.
Pilots using rotary dial phones may ask the briefer to transfer them to
one of the recorded features.
OBTAINING A WEATHER BRIEFING
There are certain items of background information the briefer must
know before the briefing can begin:
1. Aircraft identification (tail number). If unknown, state your last
name.
2. Departure point and destination. Specify the city (and airport, if
more than one is located at that city).
3. Proposed time of departure (Zulu) and estimated time enroute.
Other items the briefer should know to give you all pertinent
information for your flight:
1. Type of flight - IFR or VFR.
If you want to go VFR but are instrument qualified and equipped, state
that you can go IFR if necessary.
2. Rout of flight, if not going direct, and any planned stops enroute.
3. Planned altitude, or requested winds aloft levels.
4. Type of aircraft.
5. Type of briefing requested - standard, abbreviated, or outlook.
If you are going to file a flight plan, you may do so before the briefing
to avoid repeating the background information.
TYPES OF BRIEFINGS
STANDARD BRIEFING
This is the complete briefing. It will include the following information
which usually will be given in the order listed:
1. Flight precautions. Advisories such as sigmets, airmets, convective
sigmets, etc. and forecast precautions for IFR, thunderstorms, turbulence,
icing, or low level windshear.
2. A statement that VFR flight is not recommended if IFR conditions
exist or are forecast at any point during your planned VFR flight.
3. Synopsis. A brief summary of the cause of the weather, pertinent to
your flight.
4. Current conditions. The weather that exists at your departure
point, enroute, and at your destination. Includes pilot weather reports
(PIREPS) and radar. Departure and destination temperature and dewpoint
should be given whenever the spread is 5 points or less.
5. Enroute forecast. Expected conditions along the route at the time of
your flight.
6. Destination forecast. Conditions expected to exist for your estimated
time of arrival, including significant changes expected within one hour before
and after your ETA.
7. Forecast winds aloft. Predicted wind direction and velocity at
specified mean sea level altitudes. Briefers may summarize by points of the
compass or state in specific forecast direction.
8. NOTAMS. "D" Notices to Airmen for departure and landing airports
and outages of navaids enroute. "L" NOTAMS are available only to the Flight
Service Station having responsibility for the airport.
Published information will be given on request.
9. ATC delays. Flow control or known traffic delays.
The briefer will give information on specific MOAs, Military Training
Routes, and Restricted Areas, upon request. It is the pilot's responsibility to
know which routes or areas affect the proposed flight.
ABBREVIATED BRIEFING
This is used to supplement weather data received from another source
or to update an earlier standard briefing. If you want only one or two items,
specify the information you are requesting. If updating, specify the time the
earlier briefing was received and information will be limited to changes that
occurred after that time.
OUTLOOK BRIEFING
To be used when calling six hours or more prior to departure time. An
outlook briefing should be followed by a standard briefing prior to departure.
Requesting an update when the original briefing was an outlook may mean that
important information could be missed.
BRIEFING TIPS
Try to let the briefer finish the briefing before asking questions. If
you have asked for a standard briefing, your questions probably will be
answered during the briefing.
If you are a student pilot and/or will be writing down some of the data
you are given, don't hesitate to give the briefer that information.
Remember - the briefer is there to help you!
FILING A FLIGHT PLAN
Flight plans are required for IFR and DVFR flights; they are good
insurance for VFR flights.
IFR flight plan information in blocks 2-11 is transmitted to the Center.
On VFR plans, only the information in blocks 2,3, and 9, plus a computed ETA,
is sent to the destination tie-in FSS/AFSS.
The following items are listed in the order of the blocks on the printed
flight plan form.
1. Type of flight. VFR, IFR, DVFR.
2. Aircraft identification. The full call sign of the aircraft.
3. Aircraft type/navigational equipment. The manufacturer's designator
for the make only, not the model, followed by "slant" and the equipment code.
For compatibility with ARTCC computers, only four characters are used for
aircraft type, such as PA28, MO20, BE35, C550. Model suffixes, such as 161, J,
RG, etc. are not used on flight plans.
4. True airspeed. (Knots).
5. Departure point. The identifier for the airport. IFR flight plans to
be picked up enroute should list the fix from which the route will begin.
6. Proposed time of departure. (Zulu).
7. Altitude. For the initial portion of the flight. Choose a correct
altitude for type and direction of flight.
8. Route of flight. VFR - not necessary unless it is to be a long flight
and/or you plan stop(s) enroute. IFR - airways or fixes you plan to use. Be
sure the information is correct.
9. Destination airport. The identifier.
10. Estimated time enroute. Total time to destination (in block 9) in
hours and minutes.
11. Remarks, if any.
12. Fuel on board. Usable fuel in hours and minutes.
13. Alternate airport. If required for IFR flight.
14. & 17. Pilot information. Last name (spell if not obvious) and first
name or initial. City of residence. Airport where aircraft is based and the
fixed base operation if more than one located on the airport. Home phone
number. Destination contact, especially for VFR one-way flights.
15. Number on board. Total number of people on board the aircraft.
16. Color of aircraft. Base color followed by trim color(s).
EQUIPMENT SUFFIX CODES (for block 3)
X = no transponder
T = 4096 code transponder only
U = transponder; encoding altimeter
D = DME only
B = DME; transponder
A = DME; transponder; encoding altimeter
W = RNAV only
C = RNAV; transponder
R = RNAV; transponder; encoder
TIME CONVERSION
For Coordinated Universal Time (Zulu), add the specified number of
hours to local time:
EST + 5; CST + 6; MST + 7; PST + 8;
EDT + 4; CDT + 5; MDT + 6; PDT + 7.
FILING TIPS
The Piper Seneca, Cheyenne, Arrow, and Aztec are entered in ARTCC
computers as PASE, PAYE, PARO, and PAZT respectively.
VFR flight plans are retained for only one or two hours, depending on
the type of equipment used at the Flight Service Station. If your departure
time is delayed beyond the retention time, you may have to refile. A VFR
flight plan always may be activated earlier than the proposed time.
ARTCC Computers generally hold IFR flight plans for two hours, and a
delay longer than that may require refiling. Thirty minutes before the
proposed time, flight plan information automatically will print out on a flight
strip at the ATC facility responsible for issuing the clearance. Although the
clearance facility can request the strip earlier, it is best to call a Flight
Service Station to request a change of proposed time whenever your
departure will be more than thirty minutes early or more than one and a half
hours late.
In some remote locations, pilots will request that a VFR flight plan be
filed and activated as an "assumed departure." If this is done, it is
imperative that the pilot notify the FSS immediately if the departure is
delayed or cancelled.
ARTCC computers will reject an IFR route if the first fix is too far
outside the departure center boundary. A good rule is to include at least the
first fix within each center; however, the computer will accept distant
locations or fixes if the latitude/longitude coordinates are given. Coordinates
also should be given if you are using an NDB as a fix because the computers
do not recognize non-directional beacons.
When filing IFR, especially if using Fast File, be sure to link airways
with the correct navaids. Although you may be given radar vectors to an
off-airport airway, the flight plan must specify an intersection or point where
the airway will be joined.
Most vector departures are not computer-compatible as part of a route,
but may be included in remarks.
It is not necessary to specify "No SIDS or STARS" in remarks if the
departure airport does not have a SID (Standard Instrument Departure) or the
destination does not have a STAR (Standard Terminal Arrival Route).
Flight Service Stations no longer keep a file of pilots' names and
addresses, so the statement "on file with FSS" is not valid information for
block 14 of the flight plan form.
VFR pilots are advised to file a flight plan for each leg of a long trip,
to take advantage of the benefits provided by Search and Rescue procedures.
Filing a VFR flight plan with several hours estimated time enroute could cause
an untimely delay in beginning the search for an aircraft that was overdue
because of problems enroute.
IFR pilots who want to file a flight plan and pick up the clearance
enroute, should give the departure point as a navaid or fix at least ten
minutes ahead along the route. Time is needed to enter the flight plan into
the system and to coordinate the clearance with ATC.
Instrument students who file flight plans for training flights should list
the flight instructor as the pilot in block 14 of the flight plan.
Pilots who fly outside the United States should be aware that other
countries have different laws and different airspace procedures. It is the
responsibility of the pilot to become familiar with these laws and procedures
prior to the flight.
Most foreign countries have laws requiring flight plans for all flight
within the country. All pilots are urged to review the foreign airspace and
entry restrictions published in the International Flight Information Manual
(IFIM) prior to a flight to a foreign country.
For transborder flight to and from the United States, you must file a
flight plan and notify customs. If you want the Flight Service Station to
make the required customs notification for you, include that request in the
remarks section of your flight plan.
For flights to and from Mexico, you must file an IFR or a DVFR flight
plan. The IFR flight plan will be handled as any domestic IFR flight. The
DVFR flight plan must be activated and cancelled the same as any domestic
VFR plan.
You must file an IFR or VFR flight plan for a flight to or from Canada.
For customs notification into Canada, the flight plan, whether IFR or VFR,
must be activated. Contact the Flight Service Station and report your actual
time of departure, as soon as possible after takeoff.
FLIGHT PLANS AND CLEARANCES
A VFR flight plan should be activated with the departure Flight Service
Station as soon as possible after takeoff. In remote areas, or when a low
flight altitude hinders good radio communication capabilities, the fixed base
operator may relay the activation request by telephone. If the flight plan is
not activated at the departure point, any Flight Service Station enroute can
relay the information to the departure FSS. In all cases, give the departure
airport, destination, and the actual time of departure.
If the time enroute has been under-estimated on a VFR flight plan,
contact any Flight Service Station and request an extension of your flight
plan. Give the destination airport and the new estimated time of arrival.
Closing a VFR flight plan is the pilot's responsibility and should be
done immediately after arrival at the destination. Contact the appropriate FSS
and state that you want to close your flight plan, giving your destination and
departure point.
Do not request a tower or approach control to close your VFR flight
plan. Controller workload may prevent or delay the relay of your request to
the FSS.
In locations where an IFR clearance cannot be obtained by radio while
still in the ground, the pilot may contact FSS for a void-time clearance.
Some of the Automated Flight Service Stations have special toll-free
numbers just for Clearance Delivery. These numbers are to be used only for
relay of IFR departure clearances in areas not controlled by a tower or
approach facility, or to cancel a flight plan.
In locations that do not have the special numbers, if you do not know
the number, or if the clearance delivery line is busy, you may call the
weather briefing number to request your void-time clearance or to cancel your
flight plan.
At San Angelo AFSS, the Clearance Delivery number is 1-800-433-8101.
When requesting a clearance, be prepared to give the specialist your
call sign, departure point, destination, how soon you can be ready to go, and
the runway you will be departing.
IFR flight plans will be activated and cancelled automatically at airports
with operating control towers.
If your are landing at a non-tower field and are unable to cancel with
approach or center, contact the Flight Service Station as soon as possible to
report cancellation and your time of landing.
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
Frequency congestion can be as much of a problem at the Automated
Flight Service Station as it is at centers and approach controls. The AFSS
specialist may be monitoring as many as 40 communication outlets - several of
them on the same frequency - so good radio procedures are important for the
specialist to give, and the pilot receive, the best service.
Give your full call sign. Speak slowly and distinctly. Although your
aircraft number is familiar to you, it probably is unfamiliar to the specialist
and may even sound unintelligible if given too rapidly.
State the frequency you are using and/or your position. This will save
time and will expedite service by enabling the specialist to select the correct
outlet and respond to your call.
Wait for the specialist to answer your call. If you do not get an
immediate response, it could be for one of several reasons. The specialist may
be trying to guess where you are if you did not identify the frequency and
location, the specialist my be talking to someone else on another outlet, or the
specialist may be answering but you volume control is turned too low.
If you do not receive a response after a few minutes, check your
volume control and then call again, stating your call sign, frequency, and
location.
Listen to the response. If the specialist has other calls ahead of yours,
you may be told to stand by. You will know the specialist is ready for your
communication when your call sign is followed by "over" or "go ahead with
your request."
Be sure you receive a response. Do not assume that your flight plan
has been activated or cancelled unless the specialist acknowledges your
request.
If requesting enroute weather, give your position, direction of flight,
and your altitude.
If transmitting on frequency 122.1, and listening over a VOR, state the
name of the VOR on your initial call. Be sure that your VOR selector is set on
voice function, and check that the volume is turned up. The voice capability
on some VORs has been decommissioned - check the Airport Facility Directory
or sectional charts for information on the voice capability of the VORs you will
be using during your flight.
If equipped with dual nav-coms, verify that the selected unit
corresponds with the desired frequency.
HIWAS
Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS) is a continuous
broadcast of weather advisories, which may be heard on specific VOR
frequencies. In the San Angelo AFSS flight plan area, HIWAS may be heard
over the COT, CRP, FST, HRL, JCT, LRD, LLO, MRF, MAF, AND SAT VORs.
RADIO FREQUENCIES
In the San Angelo AFSS Flight Plan Area
ALI: 122.6 255.4 121.5 243.0
AUS: 122.55 255.4
BGS: 122.4
BRO: 122.3
CRP: 122.65 255.4
COT: 122.2
DRT: 122.3
EGP: 122.3
HRL: 122.35
INK: 122.05 255.4 121.5 243.0
JCT: 122.3 121.5
LZZ: 122.55 121.5
LRD: 122.3 255.4 121.5
MFE: 122.2 255.4 121.5 243.0
MAF: 122.6 255.4 121.5 243.0
SJT: 122.25 255.4
SAT: 122.3 122.2 255.4
UVA: 122.65 121.5
PILOT WEATHER REPORTS
Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPS) are the most important source of "real-
time" weather. You provide a valuable service to other pilots when you give
reports of the conditions along your route or at your location, including when
the weather is better than forecast to be.
For PIREPS to be valid, certain facts must be given: Location in
reference to a VOR, type of aircraft, altitude (especially important for
turbulence and icing reports), and the conditions you are reporting. If
giving reports of bases or tops, give the type of cloud cover (scattered,
broken, or overcast) if possible.
PIREPS should be passed to Flight Watch, Flight Service, or any ATC
facility.
FLIGHT WATCH
Enroute Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) or Flight Watch is a service
designed to provide timely and meaningful weather advisories.
Contact Flight Watch by giving the name of the control station (if
known) and then your call sign and the nearest VOR.
The low altitude Flight Watch frequency is 122.0. High altitude
frequencies vary with center boundaries and are listed on enroute charts or
on the inside back cover of the Airport/Facility Directory.
ENROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY SERVICE (EFAS)
Radio Call: Flight Watch - Freq. 122.0
ALBUQUERQUE CENTER
HIGH ALTITUDE EFAS OUTLETS
Albuquerque 127.625
Carlsbad 127.625
El Paso 127.625
Marfa 127.625
Tucumcari 127.625
Zuni 127.625
FORT WORTH CENTER
HIGH ALTITUDE EFAS OUTLETS
Fort Worth 133.775
HOUSTON CENTER
HIGH ALTITUDE EFAS OUTLETS
De Ridder 126.625
Grand Isle 126.625
Rockport 126.625
Rock Springs 126.625
MEMPHIS CENTER
HIGH ALTITUDE EFAS OUTLETS
Pine Bluff 133.675
Razorback 133.675
Walnut Ridge 133.675
SEARCH AND RESCUE
Search and Rescue operations will be initiated thirty minutes after the
estimated time of arrival if a VFR flight plan has not been closed. Specialists
will begin the search by contacting the destination airport, the tie-in Flight
Service Station for the departure point, and the telephone contact listed on
the flight plan.
If the aircraft or pilot is not located by one hour after the ETA, the
search will have expanded to include air traffic facilities along the proposed
route of flight, and the Rescue Coordination Center at Scott Air Force Base in
Illinois will have been alerted. Flight Service Stations along the route will
check all airports in their area to determine if the aircraft has landed at
other than the intended destination. Police and sheriff's departments may be
asked to make visual checks of parking ramps. By two hours after the ETA,
the search has become a widespread, all-out effort.
Fortunately, most Search and Rescue operations end with the initial
contacts when the forgetful pilot or the aircraft is located safely on the
ground. Although there is no penalty for failure to close a flight plan, a
considerable amount of time, money, and emotional stress is saved when the
pilot remembers to close the plan.
EMERGENCY SERVICES
If you become lost or disoriented during your flight, you may contact
the Flight Service Station for assistance. Do not hesitate to ask for help -
there are known cases of pilots running out of fuel while trying to determine
their position because they did not want to admit to being lost. Requesting
inflight assistance will not get you into trouble nor will it be a cause for
suspension of your certificate.
When asking for assistance, be prepared to provide specific information.
You will be asked your aircraft type and if transponder equipped (you may be
given a squawk code for radar identification), the nature of the emergency
(lost, low fuel, disoriented), and your desires (just want to know where you
are, need guidance to an airport). Other information that will be requested
includes altitude, heading, navigation equipment on board, weather at your
altitude, true airspeed, and the amount of remaining fuel in hours and
minutes.
The AFSS has direction finding (DF) equipment to aid in locating pilots
who request help. The equipment displays a radial showing aircraft position
from the DF site whenever the pilot transmits or keys the microphone. The
specialist can pinpoint the aircraft location by having the pilot make specific
turns or by combing the DF information with VOR or ADF crosschecks.
DF sites and frequencies in the SJT AFSS area of responsibility ar
Junction, 122.3; Lampasas, 122.55; and Uvalde, 123.65. These sites also utilize
the emergency frequency 121.5.
In areas where Direction Finding equipment is not available, the aircraft
position can be determined through VOR and/or ADF orientation procedures.
Stay calm - the specialist is trained and skilled in locating aircraft!
Pilots may request a practice DF steer or orientation at any time. After
establishing radio contact with a Flight Service Station in your area, state
that you would like to simulate a lost aircraft problem. The specialist will
choose the method of orientation based on the equipment available in the
location and onboard the aircraft.
Practicing orientation procedures can be a valuable training experience.
VOR FREQUENCIES
ALI 114.5 FST 112.8 MFE 117.2
AUS 117.1 HRL 108.8 MRF 115.9
BGS 114.3 INK 112.1 PEQ 111.8
BRO 116.3 JCT 116.0 RSG 111.2
COT 115.8 LLO 108.2 SAT 116.8
CRP 115.5 LRD 117.4 STV 113.1
CSI 117.5 LZZ 112.5 SJT 115.1
DLF 114.4 MAF 114.8 THX 111.4