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FARM
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1979-12-31
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3
10
The Manor Farm near Willingdon was a fairly typical small
English farm of the time Orwell was writing (1940's).
It was a mixed farm making a profit from the sale of dairy
produce poultry and eggs a variety of crops and the rearing and
sale of pigs and sheep.
At the beginning of the novel the farm is in a neglected state
due to the laziness and lack of care of Jones and his men.
Once the animals take over many improvements are made.
13
The farm had only the most primitive machinery and no
electricity so all work was done by hand by the farmer and his
men. The machines and improvements later suggested by Snowball
were quite innovative for the time.
Physically the farm consisted of a cluster of farm buildings
around a central yard and surrounding fields (paddocks) devoted
to grazing or crops.
A few details are revealed in the text of the novel:
There was a knoll the highest point on the farm in the long
field that led to the main road; a spinney (small clump of
trees); a stream; a pool; an orchard and a limestone quarry.
See Farm Map.
8
Allegorically the farm represents Russia as the neighbouring
farms represent Britain and Germany.
Some details of the farm clearly refer to particular historical
places.
e.g.
The farmhouse = Russian Imperial Palace in St Petersburg.
Harness rooms = prisons
The windmill stands for the Russian 5-Year Plans.