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.pl80 .mb0 .mt0 .op .po0 WORDSTAR NOTES by Ronald J. Pero Prepared December, 1987 Thesσ note≤ arσ takeε froφ thσ Epsoε PX-╕ Portablσ Wordsta≥ Referencσ ì Manual¼ fo≥ releasσ 1.0¼ copyrigh⌠ 198┤ MicroPro« The∙ arσ intendeΣ t∩ ì supplemen⌠ thσ commanΣ card. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCING PORTABLE WORDSTAR Entering Wordstar MethoΣ 1║ Ge⌠ t∩ thσ openinτ men⌡ morσ quickl∙ b∙ pressinτ thσ space ba≥ afte≥ ì the copyright message. Method 2: Bypassing the opening menu 1) b:ws d:filename 2) b:w≤ d:filenamσ e║ call≤ u≡ thσ filσ oε drivσ d║ theε save≤ oε ì drivσ e« Iµ usinτ tw∩ disδ drives¼ usinτ thσ ^K╙ repeatedl∙ alternate≤ thσ ì locatioε (i.e.¼ alternate≤ drives⌐ oµ thσ ne≈ filσ anΣ thσ BA╦ file« T∩ edi⌠ ì ß filσ whicΦ occupie≤ morσ thaε halµ thσ drivσ space¼ yo⌡ mus⌠ usσ thi≤ ì method. Wheε yo⌡ leavσ ws¼ you'l∞ bσ loggeΣ ont∩ thσ drivσ yo⌡ werσ oε wheε yo⌡ ì entered the program, even if you changed drives with the L command. Special Editing Commands Usσ thesσ t∩ correc⌠ typinτ error≤ a≤ yo⌡ ente≥ ß filσ name¼ o≥ wheneve≥ yo⌡ ì respond to a prompt that ends with a question mark. ^S erases one character to the left; BS, DEL, or ^H may also be used. ^─ restore≤ onσ eraseΣ characte≥ a⌠ ß timσ t∩ thσ right╗ thσ restoreΣ ì characters are repeated from the last response given to the same prompt. ^Y erases the entire response. ^╥ restore≤ thσ las⌠ responsσ t∩ thσ samσ prompt╗ restore≤ aε entr∙ deleteΣ ì witΦ ^Y╗ caε restorσ thσ remainde≥ oµ ß filσ namσ afte≥ yo⌡'ve changσd it. ^U interrupts the current command. CHAPTER TWO: USING MENUS From a document: *HELP is a toggle for getting in and out of the Main Menu *^K, ^Q, ^P, ^O then HELP From the Main Menu: ^K etc T∩ exi⌠ ß menu║ spacσ bar╗ HELP¼ theε thσ 2nΣ lette≥ oµ thσ ^command╗ pres≤ ì the 2nd letter of the ^command, which will also return you to the document. Thσ effec⌠ oµ ^╧ command≤ appea≥ oε thσ screen╗ ^╨ command≤ don't« Caε als∩ ì usσ ^╨ t∩ ente≥ contro∞ character≤ tha⌠ d∩ no⌠ appea≥ oε thσ menu« Iε thσ ì otherσ auxiliar∙ menus¼ wheε yo⌡ pres≤ ß k.∙ tha⌠ i≤ no⌠ listeΣ yo⌡ arσ ì returneΣ t∩ you≥ unchangeΣ text« However¼ iε thσ Prin⌠ Men⌡ an∙ ke∙ yo⌡ pres≤ ì i≤ entereΣ int∩ you≥ filσ a≤ ß contro∞ character« Thi≤ ma∙ bσ usefu∞ iε non-ì documen⌠ mode¼ o≥ wheε creatinτ file≤ t∩ bσ useΣ witΦ othe≥ programs« (seσ ì also chapter 7) CHAPTER THREE: ENTERING AND EDITING TEXT ^H is the same as backspace Usσ cautioε wheε movinτ thσ curso≥ backwarΣ througΦ lonτ files╗ doinτ s∩ ma∙ ì involvσ heav∙ memor∙ requirements« Tip≤ fo≥ movinτ quickl∙ througΦ largσ ì file≤ (froφ chapte≥ 9)║ beforσ ß globa∞ finΣ anΣ replace¼ usσ ^KS╗ usinτ ^K╙ ì rathe≥ thaε movinτ backwarΣ througΦ ß lonτ filσ i≤ faster¼ save≤ space¼ anΣ i≤ ì safe≥ becausσ i⌠ save≤ ß copy╗ perforφ blocδ movemen⌠ anΣ copyinτ command≤ ì with ^KW and ^KR commands instead of ^KV and ^KC. ^Q╤ cause≤ thσ nex⌠ commanΣ o≥ characte≥ t∩ bσ repeateΣ unti∞ yo⌡ pres≤ ì anothe≥ ke∙ (spacσ ba≥ i≤ safest¼ becausσ iµ yo⌡ accidentall∙ havσ thσ ▐ ke∙ ì stil∞ presseΣ down¼ thσ spacσ ba≥ doe≤ no⌠ producσ ß ▐ commanΣ tha⌠ woulΣ bσ ì repeated)« Thσ speeΣ i≤ controlleΣ b∙ 1-9╗ ▒ fastest¼ ╣ slowest¼ │ default. Thσ furthe≥ yo⌡ arσ froφ wherσ yo⌡ arσ going¼ thσ longe≥ i⌠ wil∞ take« ì BackwarΣ movement≤ takσ longe≥ thaε forwarΣ movements╗ avoiΣ long backwarΣ ì moves if possible. ^╘ delete≤ ß worΣ anΣ an∙ space≤ tha⌠ follow╗ iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ withiε ß word¼ ì i⌠ delete≤ thσ character≤ froφ thσ curso≥ t∩ thσ enΣ oµ thσ worΣ (bu⌠ no⌠ thσ ì followinτ spaces)╗ wheε thσ curso≥ i≤ betweeε words¼ i⌠ delete≤ space≤ u≡ t∩ ì tσ nex⌠ word╗ t∩ deletσ ß C╥ anΣ an∙ space≤ tha⌠ follo≈ thσ las⌠ worΣ iε ß ì line¼ positioε thσ curso≥ jus⌠ pas⌠ thσ las⌠ word¼ anΣ pres≤ ^T. ^┘ delete≤ thσ entirσ line¼ includinτ thσ CR¼ iµ any╗ als∩ delete≤ overprin⌠ ì lines. ^Q┘ delete≤ al∞ character≤ froφ thσ curso≥ (includinτ thσ curso≥ position⌐ t∩ ì thσ righ⌠ enΣ oµ thσ line¼ bu⌠ doe≤ no⌠ deletσ ß CR¼ no≥ aε overprin⌠ line. ^Q DEL deletes all characters left of the cursor. ^┬ use≤ curren⌠ margiε settings« Iµ thσ tex⌠ ha≤ frequen⌠ margiε changes¼ anΣ ì ╔ late≥ edi⌠ tha⌠ text¼ checδ margiε setting≤ oε thσ rule≥ linσ beforσ usinτ ì ^B« Usσ ^OF to change margin settings quickly. Iµ yo⌡ wan⌠ tex⌠ (o≥ do⌠ commands⌐ t∩ appea≥ iε thσ margins¼ exercisσ carσ ì wheε usinτ ^B« AvoiΣ reforminτ margina∞ tex⌠ int∩ thσ bod∙ oµ you≥ document« ì Be especially careful with ^QQ^B. Wheε thσ lef⌠ margiε i≤ no⌠ iε columε 1¼ reforminτ won'⌠ affec⌠ tex⌠ t∩ thσ ì lef⌠ oµ thσ cursor¼ oε thσ linσ iε whicΦ thσ curso≥ i≤ placed« Thus¼ ìèparagrapΦ number≤ lef⌠ oµ thσ margiε arσ no⌠ alway≤ moveΣ b∙ ^B« T∩ pul∞ thσ ì number≤ int∩ thσ paragraph¼ yo⌡ mus⌠ positioε tσ curso≥ a⌠ thσ paragrapΦ ì number. ^QQB reforms each paragraph to the current margin settings. ^╬ insert≤ onσ CR¼ leavinτ thσ curso≥ exactl∙ wherσ i⌠ is« ^╬ work≤ thσ samσ ì way with insertion on or off. CHAPTER 4: MARKING AND MOVING TEXT Place Markers PM'≤ sta∙ iε thσ filσ afte≥ ß ^KS¼ bu⌠ the∙ disappea≥ afte≥ an∙ othe≥ savσ ì command« T∩ hidσ ß PM¼ placσ thσ curso≥ iε thσ firs⌠ columε t∩ thσ righ⌠ oµ ì thσ marke≥ anΣ pres≤ ^╦ followeΣ b∙ thσ number« Thσ make≥ wil∞ disappea≥ froφ ì thσ screen¼ bu⌠ i⌠ wil∞ bσ assigneΣ t∩ thσ samσ portioε oµ tex⌠ unti∞ yo⌡ ì reassigε it« Thσ marke≥ wil∞ reappea≥ wheε yo⌡ movσ t∩ i⌠ froφ elsewherσ iε ì the text. Large backward moves can still be problematical, even using PM's. Block Operations ^Q┬ o≥ ^Q╦ move≤ thσ curso≥ t∩ thσ marke≥ (anΣ marke≥ reappear≤ iµ hidden). Iµ thσ las⌠ linσ oµ thσ blocδ i≤ ß completσ line¼ endinτ witΦ ß CR¼ placσ thσ ì end marker at the beginning of the next line to include the CR. ^K╚ i≤ ß toggle╗ i⌠ hide≤ botΦ markers« Placinτ thσ marke≥ t∩ thσ righ⌠ oµ ì it≤ curren⌠ positioε als∩ hide≤ it« Yo⌡ canno⌠ perforφ ß blocδ operatioε ì whilσ thσ markeΣ blocδ o≥ onσ oµ thσ marker≤ i≤ hidden. Iε ß ^KV¼ thσ ┬ anΣ ╦ marker≤ movσ witΦ thσ blocδ anΣ remaiε iε thσ display« ì Placσ marker≤ (0-9⌐ iε thσ markeΣ blocδ d∩ no⌠ movσ witΦ thσ block« Usσ ì caution if ^P or dot commands are within the moved block. ^QV moves the cursor back to the beginning marker's preVious location. Thσ large≥ thσ memor∙ available¼ thσ large≥ thσ blocδ sizσ tha⌠ caε bσ moveΣ ì or deleted. ^KW is not subject to any size limitation. ì Moving Blocks Between Files WitΦ ^KW¼ iµ yo⌡ namσ ß filσ tha⌠ alread∙ exists¼ i⌠ wil∞ bσ eraseΣ anΣ ì overwritten« T∩ hel≡ avoiΣ this¼ usσ filσ extension≤ sucΦ a≤ .DO├ fo≥ ì documents and .TMP for temporary files. Caε reaΣ Calπ file≤ int∩ ß w≤ documen⌠ s∩ lonτ a≤ thσ file≤ werσ saveΣ iε ß ì special way in Calc. T∩ movσ ß blocδ froφ onσ filσ t∩ another¼ o≥ ß lonτ distancσ withiε ß file║ ì writσ thσ blocδ t∩ ß temporar∙ file; g∩ t∩ thσ 2nΣ documen⌠ anΣ reaΣ froφ thσ ì temporary file; saves space to delete the temporary file when finished (^KJ). CHAPTER FIVE: FINDING AND REPLACING TEXT The string can be up to 30 characters. ^QV, after finding a phrase, returns you to the preVious location. Caε usσ ^╠ t∩ movσ througΦ ß filσ quickly« (CoulΣ se⌠ ß placσ marke≥ wherσ ╔ ì begin, to return to it quickly.) RET offers you options; ESC does not. Option≤ caε bσ entereΣ iε an∙ order¼ uppe≥ o≥ lowe≥ case¼ witΦ o≥ withou⌠ ì spaces between them. ε optioε witΦ ^QA║ locate≤ tha⌠ numbe≥ oµ occurrence≤ oµ thσ string╗ e.g.¼ ì locatσ thσ nex⌠ 1░ occurrences¼ o≥ t∩ searcΦ thσ res⌠ oµ thσ filσ withou⌠ ì havinτ t∩ pres≤ ^╠ afte≥ eacΦ occurrence. n option with ^QF: locates the nth occurrence of the string. ┬ option║ thσ usua∞ probleφ witΦ goinτ backwarΣ throuτ ß lonτ file╗ bette≥ t∩ ì ^KS first, then search forward. ╫ option║ doesn'⌠ checδ thσ firs⌠ worΣ oµ thσ file¼ becausσ i⌠ doesn'⌠ havσ ß ì space in front of it (to signify the start of a word, I guess). U option: the difference between upper and lower case doesn't matter. N option has no effect in ^QF. ╟ optioε (i.e.¼ Globa∞ Replacement)║ searche≤ thσ entirσ filσ froφ beginninτ ì t∩ end¼ eveε iµ thσ curso≥ i≤ no⌠ a⌠ thσ beginning╗ prompt≤ witΦ y/n¼ theε ì move≤ t∩ thσ nex⌠ occurrencσ withou⌠ usinτ ^L« ^╒ stop≤ it« ╟ witΦ ┬ send≤ ì thσ curso≥ t∩ thσ enΣ oµ thσ filσ anΣ searche≤ froφ therσ t∩ thσ beginning« ì Pres≤ an∙ non-printinτ ke∙ (eτ ^╪ o≥ ESC⌐ t∩ speeΣ througΦ thσ ╟ operation╗ i⌠ ì suppresses the ongoing display. Wild Card Characters ^P^A (Any): any character in place of the wild card. ^P^S (Symbol): any character not a letter or a digit. ^O° (brandeΣ a≤ Off-limits⌐ (othe≥ than)║ ignore≤ thσ characte≥ x╗ R^OA═ wil∞ ì finΣ ever∙ variatioε oµ R_═ excep⌠ RAM. ^N: includes a CR and LF in the string. Note║ ^P^┴ i≤ ß wilΣ carΣ here╗ ^P┴ i≤ ß prin⌠ contro∞ characte≥ anΣ canno⌠ bσ ì entereΣ iε ß finΣ string╗ thσ character≤ looδ simila≥ oε thσ screen¼ bu⌠ arσ ì not interchangeable in practice. Note║ iµ worΣ o≥ justificatioε ha≤ inserteΣ ß sof⌠ spacσ o≥ sof⌠ CR¼ ß strinτ ì no⌠ specifyinτ thσ extrß spacσ o≥ C╥ wil∞ no⌠ finΣ tha⌠ occurrence« Eg¼ ì searcΦ strinτ "St« Pauló wil∞ no⌠ locatσ "St« C╥ Paul"« S∩ yo⌡ migh⌠ searcΦ ì fo≥ ß par⌠ oµ thσ strinτ tha⌠ won'⌠ bσ brokeε up¼ anΣ i≤ unlikel∙ t∩ bσ par⌠ ì of another phrase. CHAPTER SIX: FORMATTING TEXT ON THE SCREEN Turninτ ofµ worΣ wra≡ als∩ activate≤ taΓ stop≤ se⌠ outsidσ thσ curren⌠ ì margins; can be useful when numbering paragraphs. èRight margin can be up to 240. ^OX¼ margiε release¼ reset≤ lef⌠ margiε a⌠ 1¼ worΣ wra≡ i≤ turneΣ off╗ ì activate≤ taΓ stop≤ outsidσ thσ margins╗ remain≤ iε effec⌠ unti∞ toggleΣ o≥ ì yo⌡ ente≥ thσ margiε froφ outsidσ oµ it. Settinτ rule≥ line≤ usinτ tex⌠ line≤ a≤ thσ model« ^O╞ set≤ thσ margin≤ t∩ bσ ì thσ samσ a≤ thσ linσ thσ curso≥ i≤ on╗ an∙ í set≤ ß taΓ sto≡ a⌠ tha⌠ column╗ ì an∙ - (harΣ hyphen⌐ represent≤ ß columε withou⌠ ß taΓ stop¼ s∩ caε bσ useΣ t∩ ì clea≥ ß preexistinτ taΓ stop« T∩ preven⌠ thσ mode∞ rule≥ linσ froφ printing¼ ì connec⌠ i⌠ t∩ ß non-printinτ commen⌠ line║ ..^╨ (seσ hyphen)¼ theε typσ thσ ì rule≥ line« O≥ storσ thσ rule≥ linσ iε ß separatσ file¼ ^K╥ it¼ ^O╞ it¼ theε ì delete it. WitΦ pagσ breaδ displa∙ off¼ thσ displa∙ changes║ F├ filσ characters╗ F╠ filσ ì lines. CHAPTER SEVEN: DESIGNING THE PRINTED PAGE Prin⌠ control≤ arσ entereΣ witΦ ^P¼ theε anothe≥ letter╗ thσ ^╨ doe≤ no⌠ ì appear¼ bu⌠ thσ othe≥ lette≥ does; neither prints. Do⌠ commands║ « iε thσ firs⌠ column¼ followeΣ b∙ tw∩ character≤ iε uppe≥ o≥ ì lowe≥ case¼ sometime≤ followeΣ b∙ aε optiona∞ spacσ anΣ morσ characters« Thσ ì linσ precedinτ ß do⌠ commanΣ shoulΣ enΣ witΦ ß harΣ CR╗ follo≈ thσ D├ witΦ ß ì CR╗ oncσ entered¼ ß D├ stay≤ iε effec⌠ unles≤ yo⌡ turε i⌠ ofµ o≥ changσ it≤ ì valuσ o≥ returε t∩ thσ default╗ n∩ matte≥ wha⌠ thσ lef⌠ margiε setting¼ wheε ì yo⌡ typσ ß « a≤ thσ firs⌠ characte≥ oµ ß line¼ i⌠ wil∞ appea≥ iε thσ firs⌠ ì columε (bu⌠ ^QQ^┬ wil∞ movσ thσ DC'≤ t∩ thσ ne≈ margin)╗ mos⌠ DC'≤ arσ entereΣ ì a⌠ thσ beginninτ oµ ß filσ (enterinτ i⌠ somewherσ elsσ migh⌠ causσ ß warninτ ì message). A numeric argument cannot exceed 255, except with the .PN command. T∩ makσ ß perioΣ prin⌠ iε columε one (eτ ellipsi≤ o≥ decimals)¼ displacσ thσ ì perioΣ froφ columε ▒ b∙ precedinτ i⌠ witΦ tw∩ prin⌠ control≤ whicΦ arσ togglσ ì switche≤ (eτ ^P┬ ^PB)╗ the∙ wil∞ cance∞ eacΦ othe≥ out¼ wil∞ no⌠ affec⌠ thσ ì printed page, and the period will print in column 1. Special Effects ^P╙ doe≤ no⌠ underlinσ blanδ spaces« Fo≥ continuou≤ underlining║ a)d∩ ^P╙ a⌠ ì beginninτ anΣ enΣ oµ thσ section¼ anΣ typσ thσ underlinσ characte≥ iε thσ ì spaces╗ o≥ b)a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ thσ linσ t∩ bσ underlined¼ pres≤ ^╨ CR¼ theε typσ ì the underline character across the whole line (printing over a line). Boldface is triple strike. ^PX prints hyphens over characters but not blank spaces. ^PH just after the character to be printed over; useful for accent marks, etc. ^╨ C╥ a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ thσ linσ ╔ wan⌠ t∩ prin⌠ over╗ afte≥ thσ ^╨ C╥ typσ wha⌠ ╔ ì want to be printed over the previous line. Hyphen appears in the flag column. Layout Most layout commands are dot commands. Defaul⌠ value≤ oµ thσ standarΣ ╕ 1/▓ ° 1▒ page║ to≡ margiε │ line≤ (1/▓ inch)╗ ì bottoφ margiε ╕ line≤ (▒ 1/│ inch)╗ pagσ lengtΦ 6╢ line≤ (1▒ inches⌐ (minu≤ │ ì line≤ to≡ anΣ ╕ line≤ bottoφ equal≤ 5╡ line≤ oµ text)╗ pagσ offse⌠ (oε left⌐ ╕ ì columns╗ lef⌠ margiε a⌠ columε 1╗ righ⌠ margiε a⌠ columε 65╗ headinτ margiε ì (numbe≥ oµ blanδ line≤ froφ thσ pagσ headinτ t∩ thσ bod∙ oµ thσ text⌐ ▓ blanδ ì lines╗ footinτ margiε (numbe≥ oµ blanδ line≤ betweeε thσ bod∙ oµ you≥ tex⌠ anΣ ì thσ footinτ o≥ pagσ number⌐ ▓ blanδ lines╗ footinτ defaul⌠ i≤ centered¼ ì sequentia∞ pagσ numbers« To≡ margiε contain≤ thσ headinτ anΣ headinτ margin╗ ì bottoφ margiε contain≤ thσ pagσ numbe≥ o≥ footinτ anΣ footinτ margin. Space≤ anΣ thσ righ⌠ margiε expanΣ o≥ shrinδ witΦ thσ differen⌠ pitch╗ shoulΣ ì reset the right margin to compensate. Compressed mode does not work in alternate pitch. Switchinτ prin⌠ size≤ withiε ß documen⌠ affect≤ thσ positioε oµ you≥ lef⌠ ì margiε unles≤ yo⌡ cance∞ thσ commanΣ iε thσ samσ linσ iε whicΦ yo⌡ begiε it« ì Iµ yo⌡ wan⌠ severa∞ line≤ printeΣ iε condenseΣ o≥ enlargeΣ modσ yo⌡ caε inser⌠ ì thσ command≤ t∩ begiε anΣ enΣ oε eacΦ line« Caε als∩ usσ ß .P╧ command╗ ì experimen⌠ t∩ finΣ thσ righ⌠ valuσ t∩ use« Iµ usinτ heading≤ o≥ footings¼ ì mus⌠ cance∞ condenseΣ o≥ enlargeΣ modσ beforσ thσ pagσ break╗ otherwise¼ thσ ì heading or footing will be affected. Note: ^OC does not work properly with condensed or enlarged print. Enter .MT and .MB commands before entering .PL. Three special print controls which work only in headings and footings: 1)# prints the current page number; eg .FO Page # 2)▄ specifie≤ tha⌠ thσ nex⌠ characte≥ entereΣ i≤ t∩ bσ printeΣ oxactl∙ a≤ i⌠ ì appears on the screen; eg .FO Page \# # 3)^P╦ print≤ heading≤ anΣ footing≤ fo≥ even-numbereΣ page≤ oε thσ lef⌠ anΣ ì for odd-numbered pages on the right. Pagσ breaδ command≤ prevent║ thσ firs⌠ linσ oµ ß paragrapΦ strandeΣ a⌠ thσ ì bottoφ oµ ß page╗ thσ las⌠ linσ oµ ß paragrapΦ strandeΣ a⌠ thσ to≡ oµ thσ ì following page; a chart or a table cut in two. Thσ do⌠ commanΣ .C╨ ε specifie≤ thσ numbe≥ oµ line≤ followinτ thσ commanΣ iε ì whicΦ n∩ pagσ breaδ i≤ t∩ occur« Iµ les≤ thaε ε line≤ remaiε oε thσ page¼ ß ì pagσ breaδ displa∙ appear≤ belo≈ thσ .C╨ commanΣ t∩ indicatσ wherσ thσ ne≈ ì pagσ begins« .C╨ ε i≤ ß safeguarΣ wheε yo⌡ d∩ ß lo⌠ oµ editing¼ especiall∙ ì witΦ table≤ anΣ chart≤ iε thσ text. Pagσ numbering║ .o≡ i≤ unnecessar∙ iµ yo⌡ usσ ß footing╗ .pε restore≤ pagσ ì numberinτ afte≥ .op¼ pickinτ u≡ thσ sequencσ startinτ a⌠ thσ locatioε oµ .pn╗ ì usσ .pε ε t∩ se⌠ thσ pagσ numbe≥ oµ tha⌠ pagσ a⌠ n╗ .pπ ε specifie≤ thσ columε ìènumbe≥ iε whicΦ thσ pagσ numbe≥ appear≤ a⌠ thσ bottoφ oµ thσ page. T∩ usσ portablσ w≤ file≤ witΦ othe≥ programs¼ an∙ lette≥ entereΣ afte≥ ^╨ wil∞ ì bσ entereΣ a≤ ß contro∞ character« Commoε ASCI╔ command≤ are║ ^╔ fixed-taΓ ì character¼ eigh⌠ character≤ long╗ ╩ (o≥ i≤ i⌠ ^J⌐ line-feed╗ ^╠ form-feeΣ (^P╠ ì cause≤ ß pagσ breaδ t∩ occu≥ oε thσ screen¼ beginninτ a⌠ thσ columε wherσ thσ ì command is entered). Runninτ portablσ w≤ oε standarΣ ws¼ anΣ vicσ versa║ thesσ command≤ ma∙ ì functioε differentl∙ oε thσ tw∩ programs║ ^PY¼ ^PQ¼ ^PW¼ ^PE¼ anΣ ^PR. CHAPTER EIGHT: WORKING WITH TABLES Genera∞ guidelines║ turε insertioε off╗ turε worΣ wra≡ off╗ releasσ thσ ì margin≤ wheε necessary╗ definσ ß rule≥ linσ fo≥ thσ table¼ anΣ wheε editinτ i⌠ ì makσ surσ thσ setting≤ anΣ tab≤ match╗ t∩ redefinσ thσ rule≥ linσ severa∞ ì times, use ^OF. Command≤ sucΦ a≤ ^P┬ shif⌠ thσ tex⌠ oε thσ screeε anΣ makσ i⌠ difficul⌠ t∩ ì aligε columns╗ easies⌠ t∩ firs⌠ typσ anΣ aligε thσ text¼ theε ente≥ thσ prin⌠ ì commands. Fo≥ ß tablσ with¼ say¼ threσ columns¼ anΣ tw∩ oµ thosσ column≤ requirσ onl∙ ì one line each, but the third requires multi-lines: a)multi-line items in the last column: 1)^O╪ t∩ releasσ margin≤ anΣ displa∙ taΓ stop≤ lef⌠ oµ thσ lef⌠ margin; 2)definσ thσ ruler¼ witΦ taΓ stop≤ a⌠ thσ firs⌠ tw∩ columns¼ anΣ lef⌠ ì margin at the third column; 3)tab to and type the first two items; 4)^OX to restore margins; 5)type the third item, with word wrap on if desired; 6)repeat for the entire table. b)multi-line items in the first column 1)definσ thσ rule≥ witΦ lef⌠ margiε a⌠ firs⌠ column¼ anΣ taΓ stop≤ a⌠ thσ ì next two columns; 2)type the first, with word wrap on; 3)movσ thσ curso≥ t∩ thσ enΣ oµ thσ firs⌠ line¼ releasσ thσ margin¼ taΓ ì t∩ thσ firs⌠ taΓ stop¼ typσ tha⌠ entry¼ taΓ t∩ thσ nex⌠ stop¼ etc.¼ bu⌠ don,⌠ ì press RETURN; 4)movσ thσ curso≥ pas⌠ thσ righ⌠ margiε iε thσ las⌠ linσ oµ thσ firs⌠ ì column, then press CR twice; repeat 2-4 until table is completed. c)severa∞ multi-linσ items║ avoiΣ worΣ wra≡ afte≥ thσ firs⌠ multi-linσ iteφ ì ha≤ beeε typed« Onσ wa∙ t∩ avoiΣ worΣ wra≡ i≤ t∩ typσ thσ firs⌠ linσ iε eacΦ ì iteφ oµ thσ entry¼ theε thσ seconΣ line¼ anΣ s∩ on« EnΣ eacΦ entr∙ linσ witΦ ì a hard CR before the line overflows into the next column. CHAPTER NINE: FILES, DRIVES, PRINTOUTS, FUNCTION KEYS I⌠ i≤ safσ t∩ changσ disk≤ at║ thσ Openinτ Men⌡ anΣ no⌠ printing╗ a⌠ thσ O╙ ì prompt« Ma∙ neeΣ t∩ rese⌠ you≥ systeφ iµ yo⌡ opeε thσ doo≥ t∩ you≥ disδ drivσ ì at any other time. Save-and-resumσ short-cut║ whilσ holdinτ dowε thσ ctr∞ key¼ hi⌠ iε quicδ ì succession the keys KSQP. Canno⌠ eXi⌠ w≤ whilσ ß filσ operation¼ sucΦ a≤ printing¼ i≤ iε progress╗ thσ ╪ ì commad will take effect after the operation is completed. Can'⌠ edi⌠ .BA╦ files╗ RE╬ i⌠ o≥ renamσ i⌠ durinτ thσ cOp∙ commanΣ a⌠ thσ ì opening menu. Copy command overwrites an existing file, without warning you. Transmittinτ anΣ Receivinτ file≤ witΦ ╘ anΣ C║ usσ ╕ datß bits¼ parit∙ NONE¼ ì an∙ numbe≥ oµ sto≡ bit≤ bu⌠ samσ fo≥ botΦ machines¼ SI/S╧ (shif⌠ in/shif⌠ out⌐ ì anΣ XON/XOF╞ off╗ durinτ transfer¼ dot≤ oε thσ screeε eacΦ represen⌠ thσ ì transferencσ oµ 12╕ bytes¼ whilσ ß ╘ mean≤ tha⌠ thσ receivinτ campute≥ ha≤ no⌠ ì receiveΣ an∙ informatioε fo≥ thirt∙ second≤ (thσ probleφ migh⌠ bσ tha⌠ thσ ì receive≥ i≤ takinτ ß lonτ timσ t∩ storσ thσ inf∩ i⌠ i≤ receiving)╗ caε receivσ ì ß successioε oµ file≤ withou⌠ repeatinτ thσ command¼ bu⌠ caε senΣ onl∙ onσ ì file at a time. Wheε stoppinτ printing: Y--ma∙ bσ ß dela∙ afte≥ enterinτ thi≤ command¼ durinτ whicΦ timσ yo⌡ can'⌠ ì enter text or commands. N resumes printing immediately. ^╒ suspend≤ printing╗ thσ curren⌠ positioε iε thσ filσ ì i≤ markeΣ s∩ tha⌠ printinτ caε resumσ a⌠ thσ samσ placσ late≥ (eτ iµ you≥ ì systeφ run≤ to∩ slowl∙ wheε yo⌡ prin⌠ anΣ edi⌠ a⌠ thσ samσ time)╗ caε ente≥ ì an∙ numbe≥ oµ othe≥ command≤ beforσ resuminτ printing╗ wheε ready¼ ente≥ ╨ o≥ ì ^KP. Print options Outpu⌠ t∩ disk║ cop∙ commanΣ i≤ usuall∙ quicker« Iµ thσ designateΣ drivσ i≤ ì full¼ printinτ i≤ automaticall∙ halted╗ theε usσ eithe≥ o≥ botΦ oµ thσ ì following solutions: 1)t∩ continuσ printing¼ makσ additiona∞ drivσ spacσ available¼ theε pres≤ ì ^KP; 2)t∩ abandoε printing¼ typσ PP┘ a⌠ thσ Openinτ Menu¼ or¼ whilσ editing¼ typσ ì ^KP^KPY╗ yo⌡ caε theε deletσ thσ prin⌠ outpu⌠ filσ whicΦ i≤ currentl∙ ì incomplete. Iµ yo⌡ tel∞ i⌠ t∩ star⌠ printinτ nea≥ thσ enΣ oµ ß lonτ document¼ therσ wil∞ ì bσ ß significan⌠ pausσ beforσ printinτ begins╗ i⌠ formats¼ bu⌠ doe≤ no⌠ prin⌠ ìèthe entire document up to the starting point. Usσ Forφ Feeds┐ ┘ iµ thσ lengtΦ oµ you≥ pagσ varies╗ thσ printe≥ wil∞ advancσ ì t∩ thσ to≡ oµ eacΦ pagσ beforσ printinτ it« Thi≤ optioε send≤ ß singlσ ì machine-languagσ character(O├ hex⌐ t∩ thσ printer¼ rathe≥ thaε thσ usua∞ ì serie≤ oµ line-feeΣ characters« An∙ responsσ othe≥ thaε ┘ wil∞ senΣ t∩ thσ ì printe≥ thσ correc⌠ numbe≥ oµ line-feeΣ character≤ t∩ advancσ thσ pape≥ t∩ thσ ì top of the next page. Supres≤ Pagσ Formatting┐ ┘ print≤ thσ do⌠ command≤ a≤ iµ the∙ werσ text╗ ì usefu∞ fo≥ proofreading╗ thσ tex⌠ anΣ DC'≤ wil∞ prin⌠ out¼ linσ afte≥ line¼ ì righ⌠ acros≤ fold≤ iε thσ pape≥ unles≤ yo⌡ forcσ pagσ break≤ witΦ ^PL╗ prin⌠ ì control characters do work. Function Keys: PF6-10 can be set; use config. CHAPTER TEN: NON-DOCUMENT FILES Man∙ worΣ processinτ feature≤ arσ turneΣ off╗ somσ caε bσ turneΣ bacδ on¼ bu⌠ ì that defeats the purpose. Iε N─ mode║ n∩ r⌠ margin╗ worΣ wrap¼ justification¼ anΣ rule≥ linσ displa∙ arσ ì off╗ pagination¼ pagσ breaδ display¼ anΣ ^┬ arσ no⌠ working╗ do⌠ commanΣ ì error≤ arσ no⌠ chackeΣ o≥ flagged╗ variablσ tabbinτ i≤ replaceΣ b∙ fixeΣ ì tabbing. Specia∞ contro∞ characters¼ a≤ iε ─ mode¼ arσ entereΣ witΦ ^P¼ followeΣ b∙ thσ ì desired character. Statu≤ line║ F├ i≤ numbe≥ oµ character≤ fo≥ beginninτ oµ Filσ t∩ Cursor╗ F╠ i≤ ì number of lines from beginning of File to cursor Line. Convertinτ ND'≤ t∩ ─ modσ (o≥ file≤ createΣ witΦ anothe≥ prograφ ma∙ neeΣ t∩ ì conver⌠ CR'≤ withiε ß paragrapΦ froφ harΣ t∩ soft)║ caε usσ eithe≥ N─ o≥ ─ ì mode¼ bu⌠ caε usσ ^┬ onl∙ iε D╗ ^QA╗ ^╬ CR╗ S╨ C╥ (iσ singlσ space)╗ ╬ CR╗ ^╠ ì througΦ thσ paragraph╗ don'⌠ conver⌠ thσ fina∞ returε oµ thσ paragraph╗ ^B╗ d∩ ì to every desired paragraph. FixeΣ tabs║ taΓ stop≤ ever∙ ╕ columns╗ TA┬ insert≤ ╕ "connectedó spaces¼ whicΦ ì arσ correspondingl∙ deleteΣ ╕ a⌠ ß timσ (it'≤ ß "singlσ characteró ╕ column≤ ì wide). Variablσ tabs║ taΓ stop≤ ever∙ ╡ columns╗ TA┬ insert≤ ╡ individua∞ spaces¼ ì which are deleted one at a time. APPENDIX: REGARDING ERROR E12: DRIVE FULL Sto≡ enterinτ tex⌠ anΣ follo≈ onσ o≥ morσ oµ thσ followinτ suggestion≤ t∩ savσ ì you≥ work« Yo⌡ ma∙ bσ ablσ t∩ continuσ enterinτ tex⌠ withou⌠ takinτ remedia∞ ì actioε first¼ bu⌠ i⌠ wil∞ makσ thσ situatioε worse« Thσ screeε ma∙ scrol∞ ß ì fe≈ line≤ afte≥ thi≤ messagσ appears¼ bu⌠ simpl∙ wai⌠ unti∞ i⌠ stop≤ beforσ ì trying to do anything. 1)Iµ thσ curso≥ positioε i≤ nea≥ thσ beginninτ oµ ß largσ filσ wheε yo⌡ ì receivσ thi≤ messagσ anΣ po⌡ haven'⌠ alread∙ trieΣ t∩ savσ thσ file¼ yo⌡ ma∙ ì bσ ablσ t∩ movσ thσ curso≥ neare≥ thσ end« Theε tr∙ t∩ savσ thσ filσ witΦ ì ^KS. 2)Iµ thσ messagσ appear≤ wheε thσ curso≥ i≤ towarΣ thσ enΣ oµ thσ filσ o≥ ì while saving the file, use ^KJ on any files you can. 3)Iµ yo⌡ don'⌠ havσ mucΦ worδ t∩ lose¼ sto≡ editing¼ movσ somσ file≤ arounΣ t∩ ì make space. 4)a)Use ^KW to another drive (or this might work to the same drive). b)Deletσ unchangeΣ portion≤ oµ thσ document¼ theε recove≥ theφ froφ thσ .BA╦ ì file or from a previous backup copy. 5)Iµ thσ messagσ i≤ durinτ ß ^K╫ opearation¼ thσ abovσ suggestion≤ won'⌠ work╗ ì ^KJ the incomplete file, then arrange additional space. Note║ Iµ thσ messagσ reappear≤ wheε yo⌡ pres≤ ESCape¼ you≥ editinτ i≤ lost« ì Preventioε i≤ better║ checδ thσ filσ size≤ anΣ drivσ spacσ frequently╗ rulσ oµ ì thumΓ i≤ t∩ havσ enougΦ spacσ t∩ storσ threσ copie≤ oµ thσ filσ you'rσ editinτ ì (two copies of the file plus temporary files). APPENDIX: INTERNAL-ERROR MESSAGES (labeled as such in the error message) Thesσ rarel∙ occu≥ iε norma∞ operations« Iµ i⌠ happens¼ savσ you≥ worδ ì immediatil∙ anΣ exi⌠ t∩ thσ OS╗ makσ ß cop∙ oµ thσ backu≡ file¼ t∩ furthe≥ ì protec⌠ thσ file╗ theε re-ente≥ w≤ anΣ checδ thσ file« Pleasσ repor⌠ thesσ ì errors to your dealer. APPENDIX: FATAL ERRORS Fata∞ erro≥ cause≤ yo⌡ t∩ losσ thσ worδ oµ you≥ curren⌠ editinτ session╗ rese⌠ ì the system before continuing. Director∙ Full║ drivσ caε onl∙ holΣ 6┤ filσ director∙ entries╗ largσ file≤ ì (over 16K) require an additional entry for each 16K. Close Failure: due to one of three problems: 1)an OS error has occurred; 2)you have changed the disk in a drive while editing; 3)you have deleted either the input file or the work file with ^KJ. WitΦ eithe≥ oµ these¼ yo⌡ wil∞ bσ returneΣ t∩ thσ O╙ anΣ thσ filσ wil∞ no⌠ ì be saved.