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- BEER
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- "Beer" refers to all brewed and fermented beverages that are made
- from malted grains and hops.
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- There are five major types of beer: Lager, ale, stout, porter,
- and bock. For all of these the 22 stages of brewing are similar.
- The difference between light and dark beers comes from the amount
- of roasting, or "kilning", of the barley malt. The more
- roasting, the darker the color and the greater the caramelization
- of malt sugars.
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- Usually made from barley, beer begins with germination of the
- grain. Once germinated, the barley is called "malt".
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- The malt is dried in a hot kiln. The temperature and duration of
- roasting determines both the color and sweetness of the product.
- The longer the roast, the darker and sweeter the beer.
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- Next, the roasted malt is mixed with other cereals and water and cooked.
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- The type of water used for beer is important. Some waters make
- good beers. Other waters possess minerals or tastes more
- suitable for ale. That's why certain areas are noted for beer or
- ale but seldom produce both.
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- After cooking, liquid from this pre-alcoholic porridge is drained
- off. The liquid is called "wort". It's put into a brew kettle
- and infused with hops, a small, soft pine cone-looking flower,
- which adds a depth of flowery flavor and a tang to beer.
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- After a few hours of boiling in the wort the hops are strained
- out, the wort is cooled, and yeast is added which "attacks" the
- malt sugar causing fermentation.
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- Yeast converts wort to beer. The pedigree of the yeast, the
- secret formula so carefully perpetuated so that the beer will
- have the same flavor year after year, is the brewmaster's "magic wand".
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- Two different types of yeasts make all the differences among
- beers. When "bottom" yeast finishes eating the sugar it settles
- to the bottom of the tank. Lager is a "bottom fermented" beer.
- Practically all beers brewed in the United States are lagers.
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- Ale, on the other hand, is a "top" fermented beverage. "Top"
- yeast floats on the top of the tank when it finishes with the sugar.
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- You can taste the difference the two yeasts make. Ale is sharper
- and stronger than lager, with a more pronounced flavor of hops.
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- The ideal serving temperature is 45 degrees F for beer and 50
- degrees F for ale. Beer goes flat if it's served too cold.
- Imported beers should be served at 50 degrees F and English or
- Irish stout at 55 degrees F.
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- Store bottled or canned beer in a cool dark place. Extremely
- sensitive to sunlight, bottled beer must never be put in windows
- or it will acquire a "skunky" odor. At home, store bottles or
- cans in the lowest, coolest part of the refrigerator; not in the
- door shelf because jostling and drafts of warm air from the
- kitchen will deteriorate the beer.
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- To serve beer, pour it so that the stream flows directly to the
- center of the glass, which should be stationary on the table.
- This produces a nice foam or "head". Beer naturally accompanies
- hamburger, stew, sausage, cold cuts, lobster, and sharp cheeses.
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- Here are some definitions:
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- Beer - a generic term for all brewed and fermented beverages made
- from cereal grains.
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- Lager - bright, clear-bodied beer, effervescent. A "bottom
- fermented" brew.
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- Ale - aromatic malt brew usually fuller-bodied and more bitter
- than pilsner. A "top fermented" brew.
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- Stout - a very dark ale, sweet and strong with a pronounced hops taste.
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- Porter - a type of ale with a rich, heavy foam. Sweeter than
- ale. Not quite as strong as stout.
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- Pilsner - a term put on labels of light beers around the world.
- These are bright, lagered beers, but none equal to their
- marvelous namesake: the unique Pilsner Urquell from Pilsner,
- Bohemia.
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- Bock Beer - darker, sweeter, and heavier than typical beers.
- Made for six weeks in the spring from the residue left in the
- vats before they are cleaned. After Prohibition was repealed
- in December, 1933, bars proclaimed the good news with signs
- that celebrated "Bock is back!"
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- Malt Liquor - a beer with considerable variation from light to
- dark color, and from a strong, hoppy flavor to little. Higher
- alcoholic content than most other beers.
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- Sweet Beer - a combination of fruit juice and beer. Yields a
- sweeter drink and higher alcoholic content than lagers.
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- Sake - actually a type of beer that is a re-fermented rice brew
- of high alcoholic content.
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- Light Beer - pilsners, lower in alcohol and calories, mild in taste.
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- Low Alcohol Beer - similar to Light Beer, but contains even less alcohol
- and calories.
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