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- SPEEDING UP THE A2088 BRIDGEBOARD
- by Eddy Olk
- email: eddy@duteca.et.tudelft.nl
-
-
- ABSTRACT
- The A2088 bridgeboard is IBM XT compatible, especially with respect to speed
- unfortunately. So any speedup is welcome. Those with unlimited supply of
- money will go for a turbo AT bridgeboard of course. But for us cheapies with
- a plain A2088 there is some hope! This text describes how the A2088 bridgeboard
- can be (easily) run at 7.15 MHz or even 9.54 MHz with minor modifications.
- However, you must have a bridgeboard with the Faraday FE2010A (watch the A!)
- chip. If I'm not mistaken the newer A2088s are equipped with this chip.
-
-
- DISCLAIMER
- Of course: I can't guarantee the proper working of any of the modifications
- described in this file nor can I be held responsible for any related damage.
- I've done my best to describe the necessary speedup modifications (for a
- rev 3 board) as detailed and understandable as possible.
- I do advise however you only apply the modifications when you know what you're
- doing and have some experience with electronics. Don't risk ruining your
- bridgeboard, 4.77 MHz is still better than 0 MHz :-).
-
-
- TECHNICAL INFO
- The FE2010(A) is a multi-function chip in a 68-pin PLCC package and is almost a
- complete PC on a single chip. Among other things, it incorporates the 8237 (DMA
- controller), 8253 (timer/counter), 8254 (clock oscillator), 8255 (PIO) and 8259
- (PIC) ICs used in the IBM XT.
- The FE2010 chip (without the A) can only run a 8088 at 4.77 MHz. However, the
- FE2010A, a pin-compatible enhanced version of the FE2010, allows either a V20
- or 8088 to run at clock speeds of 4.77 and 7.15 MHz when using a 14.31818 MHz
- crystal/oscillator or at 4.77, 7.15 and 9.54 MHz when using a 28.63636 MHz
- crystal/oscillator. This input frequency is indicated by pin 16 (not used on
- FE2010). This pin must be pulled up with a 4K7 resistor to +5V when supplying
- 14.31818 MHz and must be tied to 0V when using a frequency of 28.63636 MHz.
-
- The FE2010A has an extended configuration control register to allow switching
- between CPU clock speeds. This (write only) register is located at I/O address
- 063H. The functions of the data bits of this register are summarized in Table 1.
-
- data bit | function
- ---------+----------
- 0 | disable parity
- 1 | 8087 present (enable 8087 NMI)
- 2 | 256K RAM (1 bank)
- 3 | lock register (bits 0-4)
- 4 | 512K RAM size (2 banks)
- 5 | fast mode (0=semi-fast, 1=fast)
- 6 | 7.15 MHz clock
- 7 | 9.54 MHz clock
-
- Table 1: Function of data bits of configuration register.
-
-
- SOFTWARE
- Since the FE2010A always clocks the CPU at 4.77 MHz after a reset and the BIOS
- doesn't support the faster execution modes of the FE2010A, we have to fiddle
- with the configuration register (see technical info) ourselves to run at the
- higher speeds. I've written two programs: BIOSEXT.COM and CPUCLK.COM
- BIOSEXT.COM is stay-resident and extends the BIOS and allows you switching the
- clock speed from the keyboard by pressing the following keys simultaneously:
-
- <ctrl>-<alt>-S for 4.77 MHz
- <ctrl>-<alt>-M for 7.15 MHz
- <ctrl>-<alt>-F for 9.54 MHz
-
- With CPUCLK.COM you can change the cpu clock speed under program control, most
- likely in a batch file.
- You must give a digit as argument: 0 for 4.77, 1 for 7.15 or 2 for 9.54 MHz.
- Put both programs in your AUTOEXEC.BAT, e.g.:
-
- biosext
- rem install bios extension
- cpuclk 2
- rem switch to 9.54 MHz
-
- I've included both sources and executables of the programs.
-
-
- YOU HAVE A FE2010 NOT A FE2010A
- If you've sadly discovered you have the old FE2010 and not the enhanced FE2010A
- (BTW the chip is near the CPU, see the photographs in the introduction section
- and Appendix F of your A2088 user's guide) you have three options:
-
- 1. do nothing: least trouble, least satisfaction :-).
- 2. not replace the FE2010 but still get a speedup by replacing the 14.31818 MHz
- crystal with a faster one, e.g. 22 or 24 MHz. This is essentially what the
- German firm X-Pert offers (even for bridgeboards with a FE2010A!). This
- has some drawbacks, e.g. the faster running timers (SI still reports
- index of 1.0!). Also when using the floppy drive, you must switch back
- to 4.77 MHz since the floppy interface will not work reliable at the higher
- speed. So what you need here is two oscillators, 14.31818 and 22-24 MHz,
- and a multiplexer controlled by a switch and/or the MOTORON signal of the
- floppy. If you want to build this, you will find instructions and a
- schematic in the German AMIGA (Markt & Technik) sonderheft 13, entitled
- "Tips & Tools". I can't help you further here, but there is a last option!
- 3. replace the FE2010 with a FE2010A and go for the (easy) 7.15 MHz or
- (slightly harder) 9.54 MHz modification. You can also use a V20 now.
- The main problem here will be to obtain the FE2010A. Unfortunately, I can't
- help you much here. Try a store specialized in electronic components for
- PCs. If it helps: the chip is manufactured by Faraday.
- When you have somehow acquired a FE2010A, you have to make some
- modifications to your A2088 before replacing the FE2010. The FE2010A is pin
- compatible with the FE2010 but some internal pull-up resistors present in
- the FE2010 were left out in the FE2010A. This affects pins 12,13 and 16.
- Pin 12 and 13 are connected to J1, the default display jumper. For proper
- operation you have to pull-up pins 1 and 2 of J1 (see Appendix H of the
- A2088 user's guide) with a 4K7 resistor to +5V. However, I didn't encounter
- problems using the FE2010A without the pull-up resistors.
- Pin 16 indicates the input frequency of the FE2010A: 14.31818 (pull-up with
- 4K7 to +5V) or 28.63636 MHz (tie to 0V).
-
-
- RUNNING A2088 AT 7.15 MHZ
- This is simple! You must:
- 1. Replace the 5MHz 8088 with a 8MHz 8088 or V20. You may even want to try
- running the original 8088 at 7.15 MHz, this will most likely work although
- I haven't tried this.
- 2. Run the CPUCLK.COM program on your bridgeboard with option 1 to set the cpu
- clock to 7.15 MHz.
-
-
- MODIFY A2088 TO RUN AT 9.54 MHZ
- Here's where a soldering-iron comes in handy! The following steps are needed:
- 1. desolder the 14.31818 MHz crystal near the bracket.
- 2. replace it with a 28.63636 MHz crystal (not sure this will work) or use a
- 28.63636 MHz oscillator. Connect pins 1 and 7 of the oscillator with 0V,
- pin 14 with +5V and pin 8 to the lower contact hole (the one nearest to the
- edge connector) of the (now desoldered) 14.31818 MHz crystal.
- Also put a 100nF decoupling capacitor between pins 7 and 14.
- 3. tie pin 16 of FE2010A to 0V.
- Figure 1 shows the contacts (top)
- of the FE2010A socket seen ooooooooooo
- from the back of the ooooooooooooo
- bridgeboard. Pin 16 is oo oo
- marked with an asterisk (*). oo oo
- Check with an ohmmeter if oo oo
- you're not sure! oo oo
- oo oo
- oo oo
- Figure 1: FE2010A socket seen oo oo
- from backside, pin 16 oo oo
- marked with *. oo oo
- ooooooooooooo
- oooooooo*oo
- (bottom)
-
- 4. replace the original 8088 with a 10 MHz 8088 or (better) V20, a 8 MHz V20
- will work too (and may be cheaper). Before inserting the new 8088/V20 you
- must bend pin 19 (clock input) a little bit outwards so it will not stick
- in the socket. Do the same with the 8087, if you have one.
- 5. connect pin 19 of the 8088/V20 (and pin 19 of the 8087, if present) to
- pin 15 of U8 (74LS244). This pin carries the unbuffered cpu clock signal
- from the FE2010A (also pin 19) and must be used instead of the buffered
- clock signal connected originally to let it all work at 9.54 MHz.
- U8 is the lower-right one of the four 20-pin ICs below the 8088/V20.
- 6. run the CPUCLK.COM program with options 0,1,2 to run the bridgeboard at
- 4.77, 7.15 and 9.54 MHz respectively.
-
-
- PROBLEMS
- Well, you didn't expect it to be perfect did you? But relax, the problems I
- encountered using my 'upgraded' bridgeboard are not severe.
- The two problems I've run into are:
- 1. The floppy interface only works reliable at 4.77 MHz. Most of the time
- it works at other speeds but it occasionally fails. However, DOS doesn't
- report this but zoo, for instance, sometimes gives CRC errors when
- unzooing from floppy. I don't know whether this is a hardware or a
- software problem. I do remember some (earlier) turbo pc clones having
- this problem too. Be sure to switch to 4.77 MHz when using the floppy!
- 2. When using a PC display window on the amiga side, characters are
- occasionally wrongly displayed (mostly as a space) on the screen. This
- is probably a problem with the communication between the amiga and the
- PC and is a lot more noticeable at 7.15 MHz than at 9.54 MHz where I can
- work for weeks on the monochrome display without seeing a single wrongly
- displayed character. Of course, when using a video card, e.g. a VGA card,
- there is no problem.
-
- Furthermore, I'm not sure a 8 or 10 MHz 8087 will work in the faster
- bridgeboard. I don't expect problems however, but perhaps someone could verify
- this! BTW make sure the 8087 clock (pin 19) is provided with the unbuffered
- clock signal, i.e. connect it to pin 19 of 8088/V20.
-
-
- CONCLUSION
- Well, I think the modifications described in this file are pretty neat. (That's
- why I call them modifications, not hacks!) I've my fully equipped A2088 (VGA
- card, hardcard, multi I/O card, 512K 150ns RAM, 128K 120ns dual-port RAM and
- 8 MHz V20) running at 9.54 MHz for over 5 months now and besides the problem
- with the floppy, it runs perfectly. Perhaps someone (I don't have time
- unfortunately) is willing to extend the BIOSEXT.COM program to automatically
- (temporary) switch back to 4.77 MHz when accessing the floppy.
-
- If you have any questions/remarks regarding the modifications I described, you
- can reach me via email: eddy@duteca.et.tudelft.nl
- Enjoy!!
-
-