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- Version 1.1
- 26 Jan 1990
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- WaveMaker
- ---------
-
- W. T. Meyer
- 12 Physics
- Iowa State University
- Ames, IA 50010
-
- Introduction
- ------------
-
- One of the important concepts in physics is understanding how sine waves
- having frequencies which are multiples of some fundamental frequency can be
- added to construct a composite waveform. Students encounter this concept in
- studying such topics as acoustics, optics, wave motion, and quantum
- mechanics.
-
- WaveMaker enables the beginning student to get a feel for wave
- synthesis by providing controls for adjusting the amount of each wave to be
- used. A large visual display shows the resulting waveform and use of the
- keyboard in a "piano mode" allows the user to hear the waveform via the
- digital-to-analog converters of the Amiga's custom sound chip.
-
- WaveMaker is intended to be used "hands on" by the student, although
- demonstration use by instructors is certainly possible. Experimentation
- and playing around are encouraged - there is even a game mode, in which
- the student tries to reproduce a mystery wave created by the computer.
- WaveMaker runs on any Amiga and is fully compatible with the Amiga's
- multitasking operating system. A mouse and icon interface make it easy
- to use by students with little computer experience.
-
- In the discussion that follows, the user is assumed to be familiar with
- the Amiga Workbench interface.
-
-
- Sound as an example of waves
- ----------------------------
-
- Sound waves are a good example for learning the basics of waveform
- synthesis because their properties are familiar in everyday life. Wave
- amplitude corresponds to volume and wave frequency corresponds to pitch.
- The difference between two composite waveforms which have the same
- fundamental frequency but differ in their composition of higher frequency
- components can be related to what musicians call timbre, or tone quality.
- This is the characteristic which lets the ear readily distinguish the
- brassy sound of a trumpet from the soft sound of a flute, even when they
- are playing the same note. One of the most interesting things to do with
- wavemaker, in fact, is to see how varying the amount of harmonics (higher
- frequency waves) affects the tone quality.
-
-
- Getting Started
- ---------------
-
- WaveMaker is started from the Amiga Workbench in the same way as any
- other program: double-click on its icon with the mouse. When the wavemaker
- screen appears, you will see a waveform display area (initially with only a
- gray line in it) in the top half of the screen and eight sets of amplitude
- controls in the bottom half. Each of these sets has four controls and
- one numerical display. The display shows the current amplitude as an
- integer between -127 and +127. The most useful control is the tall,
- thin slider. In it is a small rectangle called the knob. By dragging
- the knob up or down with the mouse, you can set the amplitude.
- The numerical display will change to show you the new setting. You can
- change the amplitude by a smaller amount (about 4 or 5 counts) by clicking
- in the open area inside the slider above or below the knob. The
- two arrow controls to the left of the slider provide very fine tuning by
- changing the amplitude by one count up or down each time you click in them.
- The fourth control is the box marked with a "+" and "-" symbol. Clicking
- here changes the sign of the amplitude, i.e. +50 becomes -50 and -75 becomes
- +75.
-
- Take a few minutes to play with the controls. Try each of them
- separately to see what the individual waves look like. See what happens
- when you change the sign. Now try turning on several waves at the same
- time.
-
- If the display tries to go off scale while you are changing the
- amplitudes, WaveMaker will rescale automatically, keeping the relative
- amount of each wave the same.
-
-
- The Keyboard
- ------------
-
- The keyboard can be used to hear the current waveform. The lowest two
- rows of keys have been programmed to act like a piano, with the lowest
- row being the white keys and the next row the black ones. The key layout
- is:
-
- -------------------------------------------------------
- | | C# | D# | | F# | G# | A# | | C# |
- | | | | | | | | | |
- | S | D | F | G | H | J | K | L | ; |
- -------------------------------------------------------------
- | B | C | D | E | F | G | A | B | C | D |
- | | | | | | | | | | |
- | Z | X | C | V | B | N | M | , | . | / |
- -------------------------------------------------------------
-
- You can press up to four keys at once to create chords.
-
-
- Menus
- -----
-
- Menus appear when you press the right mouse button. Here are the meanings
- of the various options:
-
- PROJECT
- -------
-
- ABOUT - gives information about the program and an address
- for sending kudos, suggestions, and complaints.
- FULL SCALE - scales the current waveform to fill the display
- window.
- SCREEN TO BACK - moves the WaveMaker screen to the back of the
- Workbench, allowing access to other tasks that may
- be running.
- SCREEN TO FRONT - moves the WaveMaker screen to the front of the Work-
- bench.
- QUIT - exits WaveMaker. This is the same as clicking on the
- "quit" button in the upper left corner of the screen.
-
- WAVEFORMS
- ---------
-
- This contains four pre-calculated waveforms to use as examples.
-
- RESET - sets all amplitudes to zero, provided as a convenience.
- TRIANGLE - creates a triangle waveform.
- SAWTOOTH - creates a sawtooth waveform.
- SQUARE - creates a square waveform.
-
- GAME
- ----
-
- The computer randomly selects four or eight amplitudes depending on
- the game mode, scales the wave to fill the display, and displays it as
- a green trace. The user then tries to match the wave using the controls.
- In the "easy" mode only the first four waves are used; in the hard mode
- all eight are used. The hard mode is a real challenge!
-
- START-EASY -
- START-HARD - start the game. This can be selected at any time. If a
- game is already in progress, the old amplitudes will be
- discarded and new ones calculated. The only difference between
- START-EASY and START-HARD is that the easy mode only uses four
- amplitudes, while the hard mode uses all eight.
- STOP - displays the answers and then exits the game mode.
-
-
- WaveMaker is freely distributable, but it cannot be sold for profit. It
- may be included on collections of freely distributable software sold for
- a nominal fee. Copyright is retained by the author.
-