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EARTHOLD.TXT
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1991-09-13
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WHY THE "MILLIONS OF YEARS" CONCEPT IS WRONG
by Christopher Chui
The Strength of any dating method cannot be stronger than the weakest
of any assumption. The longer the date, the less probable is its
validity. The first scientist who speculated 4.5 billion years for
the age of the earth made more than sixty assumptions![1]
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A single zircon crystal from the Black Hills of South Dakota has been
dated from 1.56 billion years to 2.55 billion years.[2] Rocks of known
ages are always dated millions to billions of years old without
exception. Modern rocks formed in 1801 near Hualalei, Hawaii have been
dated to range from 160 million to three billion years![3]
"Unfortunately, such checks have painted a generally gloomy picture
for those seeking a chronometric tool.... Experience shows that, with
the exception of results from the mineral uraninite, the three
uranium-thorium-lead ages are almost ALWAYS (my emphasis) different."[4]
Moon rocks brought back by Apollo 12 have plenty of uranium 236 having
a half-life of 23.9 million years. If the age of the Moon is 4.6
billion years old, uranium 236 could hardly be detectable. Apollo 15
brought back samples having excess of thorium 230 having a half-life
of 80,000 years, meaning thorium 230 is primordial and not a product
of uranium 238 decay. Apollo 16 brought back more striking sample
rocks which have localized excess of radon 222 (3.8 days half-life) and
excess of polonium 210 (138.3 days half-life). What this means is that
both daughter components and parent components have been there since
the very beginning when the rocks were formed. All dating equations
are, therefore, inadequate to generate a numerical value for the age
of rock samples, because unknown amounts of daughter components render
the equations unsolvalble for unique values.
Microprobe analysis of zircon crystal reveals that the crystal
structure is tetragonal having thorium atoms located at the outer
parts, uranium atoms at the opaque zones and lead atoms at the inner
part. If uranium atoms decayed into thorium and finally into lead THIS
IS WHAT THEY TEACH IN MOST HIGHH SCHOOLS-i.e. physical science
classes, then these atoms must locate at the same lattice site. This
shows that all these variety of atoms were there when the cyrstal was
formed; it did not take millions of years for uranium to decay into
lead.
Apollo rock samples from the Moon totally destroy the 4.5 billion
years for the Moon. Datings using uranium-thorium-lead and potassium
argon are always different for the same sample rock. When the uranium
method is applied to the same sample repeatedly, the discrepancies are
alarming. Some discrepancy is large than the so-called "age of the
universe"!
Whenever extremely long half-life isotopes are not found in uranium ore
mines, it spells disaster for dating systems. Uranium ore of
Shinokolobwe, Katanga and that of Martin Lake in the Canadian Shield
have negligible amounts of lead 204 (140 million billion years
half-life) and thorium 232 (14.1 billion years half-life), but plenty
of lead 208! Where did lead 208 come from without thorium? The decay
equations do not apply. One suggestion is that the lead 208 came from
lead 207 by neutron capture. By applying this technique, the age of the
ore is reduced to thousands of years.
Isotope ratios do not yield ages but rather the different composition
of isotope contents.[5] The concordant ages simply imply that they were
carried over from common mantle. Ratios of lead 206 to lead 204 plotted
against ratios of lead 206 to lead 207 show that rocks of any geologic
epoch are spread over the entire range of values,
making dating systems meaningless.
The problem of ratioactive dating methods are compounded by large flux
of uranium into oceans by running water. Furthermore, neutron-gamma
reactions are important in all lead isotope datings. In air, the
observed ratio of nitrogen 14 to nitrogen 15 is equal to 269 but the
same ratio in ratioactive minerals is 174 +/- 12, therefore, lead
isotope ratios are strongly modified. Observed age differences between
lead 206 to uranium 238 and lead 207 to uranium 235 are consistent with
neutron-gamma transmutations on lead 206 to lead 207 ratio. This
phenomenon explains well the presence of lead 208 in mineral bodies
with too little thorium and lead 204. This approach effectively reduces
the billions and millions into thousands of years.
Polystrate fossils demonstrate that the millions of years concept is
wrong. By means of index fossil technique, a fossil tree extends
through about 275 million yearsx! Does it mean that the tree stood
there for 275 million years and eventually was buried by rocks
caracterized by their respective index fossils?
In fact, it can be demonstrated that the mixing model can predict all
discordia curves. Further, it also predicts all isochrons. The
significance of this is that all radioactive isotope datings are
scientifically equivalent whether billions or millions or thousands or
even a few years old! Those isotope ratios are simply mixtures of
different chemicals with different half-lives and have no bearing to
their true ages.
Over 100,000 radiohalos have been documented suggesting that
Precambrian basement rocks were formed suddenly and not millions of
years. They also give evidence that decay rates vary with time.
The variations of decay rates have been studied theoretically and
experimentally. If the decay rates have varied exponentially, then 4.5
billion years half-life now was actually about 10,000 years half-life
when the decay process was first started. In carbon 14 alone, its
decay rate has increased over 200 years in a time span of only
20 years.
It has been calculated that what actually took 1656 years to form would
take over five billion years to form using standard radiometric dating
methods, showing that radiometric dating methods are essentially
faulty.
It is time for geochronometers to revise their thinking. At the very
least, they must not be dogmatic about their "millions of years"
concept because it has been proven to be wrong.
REFERENCES:
1. C. Patterson et al. SCIENCE 121 p. 69 1955
2. R.E. Zartman et al. SCIENCE 145 p. 479 1964
3. Journal of Geophysical Research 73. 7-15-68 p. 4606
4. ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA Vol 5 p. 505 1976
5. V.V. Cherdyntzov, G.I. Kislitsina, V.L. Zverev 67 "Isotopic
Composition of U and Th in Rocks and Products of Active Volcanism"
Geological Institute Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R. 172:178
6. Proceedings of the Second Lunar Science Conference Vol 2 pages
1117, 1494, 1496, 1499, 1516, 1539, 1620, 1631 (1971)
7. Apollo 12 Preliminary Science Report (NASA Sp-235) pp 205-208
(1970)
8. Proceedings of the Third Lunar Science Conference Vol 2, 1550
(1972)
9. Proceedings of the Fourth Lunar Science Conference Vol 2, pp
1200 and 1804 (1973)
10. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 17, 36 (1972)
11. M.A. Cook: PREHISTORIC AND EARTH MODELS, Max Parrish, London 1966
12. Jager and Hunziker: LECTURES IN ISOTOPE GEOLOGY, Springer-Verlag,
N.Y. (1979)
13. Gentry, R. et al. NATURE Vol 252 No. 5484, pp 564-566
14. Glasstone, S. SOURCEBOOK ON ATOMIC ENERGY, V. Nostrand 1950 pp ?-28
The Creation Science Association of Orange County (President is
Christopher Chui).