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- What follows is a short history lesson about the peoples and
- countries of the mid-east. The present conflict did not start in
- August of 1990 but rather began about 4000 years ago. In addition to
- territory claims by the different people in the area this conflict also
- is spiritual. Three major religious systems are clashing, they are
- Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
-
- The mid-east is the center of Islam, or Moslem people, the western
- people come from a Christian heritage, and of course Israel is a
- predominately Jewish nation. These differences have lead to mistrust
- and actual hatred between people in the past that continues to some
- extent today.
-
- During the last 4000 years many different people and nations have
- called the same lands home. Many of the present boundaries were not
- drawn up until after World War I, and in some cases after World War
- II.
-
- Some of the problems that now exist are because outside powers
- imposed borders and created countries without fully understanding the
- area. This is not just limited to this immediate area, but also
- includes for instance West Pakistan (now Pakistan) and East Pakistan
- (now Bangladesh). We tend to think that we can group people together
- just because they are the same color or religion. The people of the
- mid-east are just as diverse as we are. We have problems getting along
- with each other as well.
-
- I do not claim to be an expert in this area, but thought that I
- could share some information from a different perspective than seen on
- the evening news. The goal of this article is to help us understand
- the situation in an historical context and help us to pray
- effectively. I am a Christian. I believe that we need God's wisdom
- and patience to bring lasting peace to the area. I am not making a
- judgment on our need to be there, or the actions we need to take.
-
-
- A Middle Eastern Time Line
-
-
- Note: Early dates are approximate
- The flood occurs, Noah's
- Ark runs aground in what is now
- Turkey.
-
- Gen 9:22-27 Ham cursed for
- shaming his father Noah. Ham's
- descendants are the Canaanites
- who later intermarry w
- Ishmeal's
- descendants to become the Arab
- peoples.
-
- Genesis 10:10 Nimrod, Noah's
- son, founds Babylon.
-
- >2700 BC The tower of Babel built in
- what is now Iraq. Ruin is
- between the present cities of
- Baghdad and Bazra.
-
- 2150 BC Abraham born
- Abraham leaves Ur which is
- south east of Babylon by
- about 150 mi. to go to Caanan
-
- 2080 BC Abraham enters Canaan Abraham is promised the land
- of Canaan by God as his
- inheritance in Gen 12:7.
-
- Famine forces Abraham to flee
- to Egypt. Has run in with
- Pharaoh over wife. Diseases
- sent by the Lord. Gen 12:10-20
-
- Area City states in constant
- state of war. Alliances change
- every few years. Abraham
- rescues his relative, Lot, from
- the fighting.
-
- Abraham in a bid to take
- matters into his own hands has
- son Ishmael by Egyptian
- maidservant Hagar. Sarai
- Abraham's wife mistreates both.
- Ishmael receives blessing from
- God that his descendants will
- be to numerous to count.
- Descendants are the Arabs.
- 1880 BC Jacobs family enters Egypt
- because of famine. In the beginning Jacob's family
- enjoys the best of the land
- because of God's blessing of
- Egypt through Jacob. In time
- later rulers forget this.
-
- 1450 BC The Exodus of Israel from Israel moves out of Egypt to
- Egypt. posses their promised land.
- This of course was not good
- news to the people living there
- at the time. Israel almost
- immediately attacked by the
- Amalekites who are defeated
- with God's help.
- 1400 BC The conquest of Canaan by
- Israel begins.
-
-
-
- 980 BC Solomon begins his reign, Under Solomon the nation grows
- After several years he in size, power, and wealth.
- starts the temple building Territory extended to tip of
- gulf of Agaba, north to beyond
- Damascus. The area governed is
- now Israel and Jordan, and part
- of Syria, Egypt, and Lebanon.
- 900 BC Damascus rises to power
-
- 825 BC Hazael of Syria oppresses
- Israel.
-
- 730 BC The fall of Damascus
-
- 625 BC The rise of Babylon
-
- 600 BC Assyria collapses
-
- 580 BC Kingdom of Judah falls
- to Nebuchadnezzar
-
- 540 BC Babylon falls to Cyrus
- Egypt falls under control of
- Persians. Independent nation
- of Israel ceases to exist.
- 485 BC The Persians are defeated
- by the Greeks.
- Nehemmiah allowed to rebuild
- Jerusalem.
-
- 325 BC Alexander the Great de-
- feats Darius III.
-
-
- 50 BC The Romans take Palestine
- Roman rule of area during this
- time enabled new ideas, and
- 0 Christ is born trade to flourish. Had much to
- do with enabling rapid spread
- of Christianity.
- 33 AD Christ crucified
-
- 500s Roman empire in decline
-
- 570 Mohammed is born in Mecca Islam which means "submission
- to Allah" is based on the
- revelations of Mohammed. He
- did not read or write, his
- ideas were recorded by his
- followers who had committed
- them to memory.
-
- 600s Arabs overrun area
- Baghdad is made the capital
- in 762.
- 1258 Mongols devastate country
-
- 1401 Mongols again conquer area
-
- 1534 Ottoman Turks capture Ottoman Turks capture Egypt
- Baghdad, stayed under Turkish
- control till WW I. Kuwait founded by Arab nomads
-
- 1798 Napoleon invades Egypt
- British protect Kuwait from a
- holy war from another Muslim
- sect.
- 1869 Suez canal completed by French
- Later purchased by British
- Egypt revolts, Britain sends
- 1897 Kuwait becomes a British forces to protect interests and
- protectorate remains in control till 1922
-
- 1918 Britain and the sharif of Country of Trans-Jordan formed
- Mecca gain control and Iraq by Britain from Biblical lands
- is formed as a country of Ammon, Bashan, Edom, and
- Moab.
- 1919 Saudi Arabia invades Kuwait
- British repel Saudis, who
- blockade country for 20 yrs.
-
- 1920 League of Nations made Iraq Islam first brought to US.
- a territory under British
- administration
-
-
- 1932 League of Nations mandate
- ends, Iraq gains independence
- Jordan receives independence.
-
- 1947 UN creates two nations from First Arab Israeli war.
- Palestine, one Jewish, and
- one Arabic. On the same day
- that British withdraw Arab
- countries attack.
-
- 1952 Iraq renews ancient claim to
- Kuwait. Rejected by British.
-
- 1955 Pro western Iraqi president
- Nuri es-Said joins Turkey,
- Iran, Pakistan, and Britain Second Arab-Israeli war
- in opposition of Egypt in
- "Baghdad Pact".
-
- 1958 Gen. Kassem overthrows govt.
- Later withdraws Iraq from pact.
-
- 1961 Kuwait becomes independent
-
- 1963 Military coup overthrows
- Kassem. Arab Baath Party
- gains control. Abdul Salem
- Arif as president.
-
- 1966 Abdul Salem Arif dies in
- Helicopter crash, succeeded Third Arab-Israeli war
- by his brother.
-
- 1968 Bloodless coup installes
- former premier Ahmed Hassan
- al-Bakr as president.
-
- 1969 Kuwait and Saudi Arabia agree
- on a boundary in the disputed
- area from 1919.
-
- 1973 Iraq joins war against Forth Arab-Israeli war
- Israel
-
- 1973 Iraq invades Kuwait, withdraws
- after Saudi Arabia sends 15000
- Troops to aid Kuwait.
-
- 1975 Iran agrees to stop providing
- arms to rebelling Kurdish
- minority in Iraq.
-
-
- 1976 Iraq and Syria at odds over
- Syria's intervention in
- Lebanon.
-
-
- 1977 UN states that Iraq is sys-
- tematically destroying
- Kurdish minority.
-
- 1978 Iraq plans to spend $36 mil
- to restore ancient city of
- Babylon, about 55 mi south
- of Baghdad.
-
- 1979 Gen Saddam Hussein becomes
- president, Bakr resigns due
- to illness.
-
- 1980 Iraq and Iran begin open war Israel moves capitol to
- after skermishing for 10 Jerusalem which is supposed to
- months. Iraq has early be a shared city.
- Success.
- Israel bombs Iraqi reactor
- 1982 Iraq has been pushed back to
- pre-war boundary.
-
- 1984 War expands into gulf area
- Shipping threatened.
-
- 1987 USS Stark hit by missile from
- Iraqi plane. 37 sailors die,
- Iraq apologises for mistaken.
- launch of missile.
-
- 1988 Iran and Iraq begin cease
- fire.
-
- 1990 Iraq invades Kuwait in dis- An oil field extends across
- pute over oil field and the Kuwait-Iraq border with
- shipping access to gulf. both countries pumping from
- it. Iraq has been demanding
- that Kuwait decrease production
- to help increase oil price.
- 1991 UN forces attack Iraq
- 17 hours after UN deadline
- for Iraqi withdrawal from
- Kuwait expires.
-
- Compiled by Herb Guenther from NIV Holy Bible, 1980 Reader's Digest
- Almanac, The World Almanac and Book of Facts - 1988, and other
- sources.
-