C/C++ Interactive Guide

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╔════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ Unicorn Library ║ ║ of C functions ║ ║ ║ ║ Version 4.0 ║ ║ ║ ║ Reference Manual ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ For MicroSoft C & the Tandy 1000 ║ ║ or IBM-PC ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ Copyright (c) 1986, 1987 ║ ║ by ║ ║ David A. Miller ║ ║ for ║ ║ Unicorn Software ║ ║ ║ ╚════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ This library may be used for non-commercial purposes by individual users without payment or royalties of any kind. Registration with the author provides the user with a license to use the library in commercial programs without royalty payments, along with complete Ecommented source codeF for the library. The registration fee is $25.00 for this version and will include notification of all updates. Updates will be $10.00 without a disk or $8.00 with a disk. Please note that multiple versions of the library exist. The machine this version is to be used on is listed above. The Tandy 1000 version provides full access to the full 16 color medium resolution mode while the IBM version uses the 4 color medium resolution mode. Some of the functions are listed for one machine only. Using them on the wrong machine will possibly cause a crash. When Linking the Libraries Eit is imperative that the appropriate front end library be linked firstF. If you are using an IBM-PC or wish to use 4 color graphics on a Tandy-1000 you must link the library UCGRIBM.LIB first and the the UNICORN Library second. If you wish to use 16 color graphics on a Tandy-1000 be sure to link UCGRTDY and the UNICORN. Commands are listed on the following pages in alphabetical order along with function specifications and sample calls. Note that è the graphics mode generally used in the examples is mode 4, but the Tandy 1000 should use mode 9 for the 16 color graphics. Registration may be accomplished by filling out this page and sending it to the author with a $20.00 donation to cover costs. Help support the idea of freeware. It is a method whereby software authors may make available to the general user various types of software at a minimum cost. It benefits the entire computer community so do your part. Name: ________________________________________ Address: _____________________________________ City: _____________________ State: ________ Zip: _________ Library Version: Version 4.0 P For Microsoft C small model Version Desired (circle 1): Microsoft C 4.0 Lattice C 3.0 Turbo C I wish a Tandy 1000 version also: yes / no Computer Type and model: _________________________ Received this copy of the library from: ______________________ This will enable us to check distribution and provide updates. Comments concerning the library and additional functions desired may be listed on the back of the page. I understand that by submitting this form with the proper donation I will receive a disk with ALL source code for the latest version. I also undetstand that this allows me to use the library in any commercial or non-commercial application I desire without payment of additional fees of any type. I understand that the source code is proprietary and agree not to give it to third parties although I understand I may give the actual libraries to third parties as long as I include all documentation and copyright notices with or without registering my library and no fee other than a handling fee of no more than $10.00 is charged by a user group or club. Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 1 è __________________________________________________________________ F Some of the functions contained in this library require the Lattice floating point functions. Be sure to link it into your program. At the present time only the Large model is supported. This was done since graphics programs tend to become rather large. All parameters are integers unless otherwise noted in this document. EFor the Tandy version all parameters concerning color may be any of the 16 colors.F For the IBM the color set consists of colors 1, 2, and 3 and a background color. The Author may be contacted at the below address for registration of your copy of the library. This library may be freely copied and distributed as long as a reasonable fee of no more than $10.00 is charged for the service. Registration with the author will provide you with a license to use the library in programs for sale or distribution without royalty payments along with the library commented source code. The Esource code may NOT be distributed without express written permission of the authorF. Future versions will add both graphics and non-graphics functions. Contemplated at present are animation commands, further string and data handling including screen generation and tree functions along with others. The author may be contacted directly concerning the updates. Support this and all freeware programs. It is a way for authors to make programming available to users at a reasonable cost and thus helps both the user and the end user. E David A. Miller 18559 8th Ave. NE Seattle, WA 98155 (206) 361-0553 please no collect calls This library is a product of Unicorn Software. F E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 2 __________________________________________________________________ è atsay F This function is similar to the dBASE function of the same name. It allows the user to print a string in color at a specified location on the screen. Call: atsay(row, column, color, string); row = row in which to begin string column = column in which to begin string color = color in which to print string string = string to be printed Example: main() { atsay(5, 10, 3, "Testing!"); } This will print the string "Testing!" beginning at row 5 column 10 in color number 3. E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 3 __________________________________________________________________ backclr F Sets the background color of the graphics screen. Call: backclr(color); color = desired background color Example: main() { sm(4); /* set the graphics mode */ backclr(14); /* sets background color to yellow */ } èE Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 4 __________________________________________________________________ box F Plots a rectangular uotline on the graphics screen. The upper left corner and the lower right corner coordinates are used to define the box. Call: box(ulc, ulr, lrc, lrr, color); ulc = upper left corner column ulr = upper left corner row lrc = lower right corner column lrr = lower right corner row color = color to draw box Example: main() { sm(4); /* Set graphics mode */ /* draw a box from 10, 20 to 100, 140 in color 3 */ box(10, 20, 100, 140, 3); } E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 5 __________________________________________________________________ box1 F Paints a one pixel wide border around a filled box. The fill and border colors may be separately specified. Call: box1(ulc, ulr, lrc, lrr, colorb, colorf); ulc = upper left corner column ulr = upper left corner row lrc = lower right corner column lrr = lower right corner row colorb = border color colorf = fill color è Example: main() { sm(4); /* set a graphics mode */ /* make a box from 10, 20 to 100,140 with a border in color 3 and filled with color 2 */ box110,20,100,140,3,2); E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 6 __________________________________________________________________ box2 F Paints a two pixel wide border around a filled box. The fill and border colors may be separately specified. Call: box2(ulc, ulr, lrc, lrr, colorb, colorf); ulc = upper left corner column ulr = upper left corner row lrc = lower right corner column lrr = lower right corner row colorb = border color colorf = fill color Example: main() { sm(4); /* set a graphics mode */ /* make a box from 10, 20 to 100,140 with a border in color 3 and filled with color 2 */ box2(10,20,100,140,3,2); E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 7 __________________________________________________________________ boxfill èF A function to plot a solid filled rectangle on the graphics screen. It draws using the upper left corner and lower right corner coordinates. Call: boxfill(ulc, ulr, lrc, lrr, color); ulc = upper left corner column ulr = upper left corner row lrc = lower right corner column lrr = lower right corner row color = color to paint rectangle Example: main() { sm(4); /* set a graphics mode */ /* paint a box from 10, 20 to 100, 140 in color 3 */ boxfill(10,20,100,140,3); } E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 8 __________________________________________________________________ circarea F Returns the area of a circle from a passed radius. Both the radius and the return are doubles. Call: circarea(radius); radius = radius of circle (double); Example: main() { double a, circarea(); a = circarea(67.45); } è E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 9 __________________________________________________________________ circle F Plots a circle on the graphics screen. Call: circle(xc, yc, radius, aspectn, aspectd, color); xc = column coordinate of the center yc = row coordinate of the center aspectn = numerator of the aspect ratio aspectd = denominator of the aspect ratio color = color of the circle Example: main() { sm(4); /* set a grphics mode */ /* draw a circle of radius 20 centered at 50, 60 in color 2 */ circle(50, 60, 20, 1, 1, 2); E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 10 __________________________________________________________________ circum F Returns the circumference of a circle as a double from a given radius which is also a double. Call: circum(radius); radius = radius of circle (double) è Example: main() { double circum(), a; a = circum(4.56); } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 11 __________________________________________________________________________ cls This function clears the screen by reading the current video mode then reseting that mode. Call: cls(); Example: main() { cls(); /* read the mode, reset it, which clears screen */ } E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 12 __________________________________________________________________ countch F Returns the number of times a character appears in a given string. Call: countch(str, ch); str = string to search è ch = character to search for Example: main() { /* find the number of i's in the string "This is a test". should return 2 */ countch("This is a test", 'i'); } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 13 __________________________________________________________________________ ctone This function sounds a tone using the IBM mode of sound. Compatible with IBM-PC and close compatibles. Call: ctone(freq, duration); freq = the frequency in HZ for the tone duration = the duration of the tone in milliseconds Example: main() { ctone(1000, 500); /* sound a 500 msec tone of 1000 HZ */ } E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 14 __________________________________________________________________ cubert F Returns cube roots of numbers accurate to 10 decimal places. Both the number and the return are floats. è Call: cubert(number); number = floating point number to find the cube root of. Example: main() { cubert(5.76); } E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 15 __________________________________________________________________ dectooct F Converts a decimal number to an octal representation of the same number. It is NOT a true octal value only a representation. Call: dectooct(decimal); decimal = decimal number; Example: main() { int a; a = dectooct(56); } E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 16 __________________________________________________________________ è deg2rad F Converts angles in degrees to the equivalent radian value. Both the angle and the return are doubles. Call: deg2rad(angle); angle = angle in degrees Example: main() { double deg2rad(), a; a = deg2rad(56.78); } E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 17 __________________________________________________________________ delay F Delays in multiples of 1 millisecond. Call: delay(count); count = the number of milliseconds to delay Example: main() { delay(1000); /* pause for 1 second */ } E Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 18 __________________________________________________________________ è drawfig F Draws an outline figure on the graphics screen form a passed array of column and row coordinates. Call: drawfig(np, xa, ya, color); np = the number of points in the passed arrays xa = array of column coordinates ya = array of row coordinates color = color of the outline figure Example: main() { sm(4); /* set a graphics mode */ int xa[4] = {10, 40, 50, 60}; int ya[4] = {50, 20, 70, 90}; int np; drawfig(4, xa, ya, 3); } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 19 __________________________________________________________________________ dx120bs This function backspaces the daisy wheel printer 1/120 th of an inch. Call: dx120bs(); Example: main() { dx120bs(); /* backspace the printer 1/120 the inch */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 20 è__________________________________________________________________________ dxback Select backwards prining. Does not affect cr, tabs or paper movement commands. Call: dxback(); Example: main() { dxback(); /* select backwards printing */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 21 __________________________________________________________________________ dxbi This function sets the bidirectional print mode for the daisy wheel printer. Call: dxbi(); Example: main() { dxbi(); /* set bi-directional mode */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 22 __________________________________________________________________________ è dxboldst This sets the daisy wheel printer to begin bold printing. Call: dxboldst(); Example: main() { dxboldst(); /* start bold printing */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 23 __________________________________________________________________________ dxbs This function backspaces the daisy wheel printer 1 full character width. Call: dxbs(); Example: main() { dxbs(); /* back space the daisy wheel 1 character width */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 24 __________________________________________________________________________ dxbsend èThis ends bold and shadow modes of printing on the daisy wheel printer. Call: dxbsend(); Example: main() { dxbsend(); /* end any bold or shadow printing */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 25 __________________________________________________________________________ dxchwide Set the character width in 1/120 ths inch. Also know as the HMI (horizontal motion index). Call: dxchwide(n); n = the number of 120ths of an inch Example: main() { dxchwide(10); /* set to 10/120 inch or 12 pitch */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 26 __________________________________________________________________________ dxclr1tb This clears a single tab setting on the daisy wheel printer at the current column. è Call: dxclr1tb(); Example: main() { dxclr1tb(); /* clears a tab at current column */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 27 __________________________________________________________________________ dxclrtab Clears all horizontal tabs that were set by the dxsetht command. Call: dxclrtab(); Example: main() { dxclrtab(); /* clear ALL horizontal tabs */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 28 __________________________________________________________________________ dxcr Sends a carriage return to the printer. May or may not start a new line depending on switch settings. è Call: dxcr(); Example: main() { dxcr(); /* send a carriage return */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 29 __________________________________________________________________________ dxdefwid Select the default character width or HMI. Call: dxdefwid(); Example: main() { dxdefwid(); /* select the default width according to switch settings. */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 30 __________________________________________________________________________ dxeject Eject a single sheet of paper without loading a new sheet when using the èsingle sheet feeder option. Call: dxeject(); Example: main() { dxeject(); /* eject page without loding new paper */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 31 __________________________________________________________________________ dxff Send a form feed character to the daisy wheel printer. Call: dxff(); Example: main() { dxff(); /* send form feed to daisy wheel printer */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 32 __________________________________________________________________________ dxfor Selects forward printing. Used to cancel the backwards printing selected by dxback. è Call: dxfor(); Example: main() { dxback(); /* select backwards printing */ dxfor(); /* cancel backwards printing */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 33 __________________________________________________________________________ dxhlf Advances the page 1/2 of the current line spacing. Used with dxrhlf to produce sub/superscripts. Call: dxhlf(); Example: main() { dxhlf(); /* move half line feed for a subscript */ dxrhlf(); /* move back to previous line */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 34 __________________________________________________________________________ dxht è Sends a horizontal tab (HT) character to the daisy wheel printer. Tab stops must be set with dxsetht. Call: dxht(); Example: main() { dxht(); /* move to next tab stop set by dxsetht */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 35 __________________________________________________________________________ dxinit Initializes daisy wheel printer to normal power on settings. Call: dxinit(); Example: main() { dxinit(); /* cancel all previous settings and return to default power on settings */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 36 __________________________________________________________________________ è dxlf Advances the paper one current line spacing. Remains in current column. Call: dxlf(); Example: main() { dxlf(); /* advance paper one line */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 37 __________________________________________________________________________ dxlinsp Sets the line spacing for line feed characters to (n-1)/48 inch. The value of n can range from 1 to 126. This is sometimes refered to as vertical motion index (VMI). Call: dxlinsp(); Example: main() { dxlinsp(6); /* set line spacing to 6/48 inch or 8 lines/in */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 38 è __________________________________________________________________________ dxlmarg Set the left margin at the current column. Call: dxlmarg(); Example: main() { dxlmarg(); /* set the left margin to current location */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 39 __________________________________________________________________________ dxpglen Sets the page length to n lines. This is stored as an absolute length and does not change if you change line spacing. This also sets the top of form to current paper location. Call: dxpglen(n); n = number of lines on one page Example: main() { dxpglen(66); /* set page to 66 lines, normal 11" paper */ } è Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 40 __________________________________________________________________________ dxrhlf Roll the paper down one half current line spacing. See dxhlf for further uses and details. Call: dxrhlf(); Example: main() { dxhlf(); /* move half line feed for a subscript */ dxrhlf(); /* move back to previous line */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 41 __________________________________________________________________________ dxrlf Moves paper down one line which in effect moves the print position up one line. Call: dxrlf(); è Example: main() { dxrlf(); /* move print position up one line spacing */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 42 __________________________________________________________________________ dxsetht Sets a horizontal tab at current position. Up to 160 HT's may be set. Call: dxsetht(); Example: main() { dxsetht(); /* set a tab at current column */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 43 __________________________________________________________________________ dxshast Select shadow print. This is canceled by dxbsend or a carriage return. Call: dxshast(); è Example: main() { dxshast(); /* turn on shadow printing */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 44 __________________________________________________________________________ dxundend Cancels underlining set by dxundlst. Call: dxundend(); Example: main() { dxundlst(); /* start underline */ lputch('a'); /* send an a to the printer and underline it */ dxundend(); /* stop the underlining */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 45 __________________________________________________________________________ dxunldst èStarts underlining. All characters including spaces are underlined except spaces before the first printable character or after the last printable character. Call: dxundlst(); Example: main() { dxundlst(); /* start underline */ lputch('a'); /* send an a to the printer and underline it */ dxundend(); /* stop the underlining */ } Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 46 __________________________________________________________________________ dxuni Selects uni-directional printing. Used to print in one direction only which improves alignment when printing vertical columns. Call: dxuni(); Example: main() { dxuni(); /* select unidirectional printing */ }