/ Celestin Apprentice 4 / Apprentice-Release4.iso / Information / Digests / CSMP Digest / volume 3 / csmp-digest-v3-068

< prev

next >

MacOS 8.1

Win98

DOS

browse contents

view JSON data

view as text

+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 52 65 63 65 69 76 65 64 | 2d 44 61 74 65 3a 20 54 |Received|-Date: T|
|00000010| 68 75 2c 20 31 37 20 4e | 6f 76 20 31 39 39 34 20 |hu, 17 N|ov 1994 |
|00000020| 31 35 3a 33 39 3a 32 33 | 20 2b 30 31 30 30 0d 46 |15:39:23| +0100.F|
|00000030| 72 6f 6d 3a 20 70 6f 74 | 74 69 65 72 40 63 6c 69 |rom: pot|tier@cli|
|00000040| 70 70 65 72 2e 65 6e 73 | 2e 66 72 20 28 46 72 61 |pper.ens|.fr (Fra|
|00000050| 6e 63 6f 69 73 20 50 6f | 74 74 69 65 72 29 0d 53 |ncois Po|ttier).S|
|00000060| 75 62 6a 65 63 74 3a 20 | 63 73 6d 70 2d 64 69 67 |ubject: |csmp-dig|
|00000070| 65 73 74 2d 76 33 2d 30 | 36 38 0d 54 6f 3a 20 63 |est-v3-0|68.To: c|
|00000080| 73 6d 70 2d 64 69 67 65 | 73 74 40 65 6e 73 2e 66 |smp-dige|st@ens.f|
|00000090| 72 0d 44 61 74 65 3a 20 | 54 68 75 2c 20 31 37 20 |r.Date: |Thu, 17 |
|000000a0| 4e 6f 76 20 31 39 39 34 | 20 31 35 3a 33 39 3a 31 |Nov 1994| 15:39:1|
|000000b0| 30 20 2b 30 31 30 30 20 | 28 4d 45 54 29 0d 58 2d |0 +0100 |(MET).X-|
|000000c0| 4d 61 69 6c 65 72 3a 20 | 45 4c 4d 20 5b 76 65 72 |Mailer: |ELM [ver|
|000000d0| 73 69 6f 6e 20 32 2e 34 | 20 50 4c 32 33 5d 0d 4d |sion 2.4| PL23].M|
|000000e0| 69 6d 65 2d 56 65 72 73 | 69 6f 6e 3a 20 31 2e 30 |ime-Vers|ion: 1.0|
|000000f0| 0d 43 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 | 2d 54 79 70 65 3a 20 74 |.Content|-Type: t|
|00000100| 65 78 74 2f 70 6c 61 69 | 6e 3b 20 63 68 61 72 73 |ext/plai|n; chars|
|00000110| 65 74 3d 49 53 4f 2d 38 | 38 35 39 2d 31 0d 43 6f |et=ISO-8|859-1.Co|
|00000120| 6e 74 65 6e 74 2d 54 72 | 61 6e 73 66 65 72 2d 45 |ntent-Tr|ansfer-E|
|00000130| 6e 63 6f 64 69 6e 67 3a | 20 38 62 69 74 0d 45 72 |ncoding:| 8bit.Er|
|00000140| 72 6f 72 73 2d 54 6f 3a | 20 6c 69 73 74 6d 61 6e |rors-To:| listman|
|00000150| 40 65 6e 73 2e 66 72 0d | 52 65 70 6c 79 2d 54 6f |@ens.fr.|Reply-To|
|00000160| 3a 20 70 6f 74 74 69 65 | 72 40 63 6c 69 70 70 65 |: pottie|r@clippe|
|00000170| 72 2e 65 6e 73 2e 66 72 | 0d 58 2d 53 65 71 75 65 |r.ens.fr|.X-Seque|
|00000180| 6e 63 65 3a 20 37 34 0d | 0d 43 2e 53 2e 4d 2e 50 |nce: 74.|.C.S.M.P|
|00000190| 2e 20 44 69 67 65 73 74 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. Digest|        |
|000001a0| 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 75 | 2c 20 31 37 20 4e 6f 76 |     Thu|, 17 Nov|
|000001b0| 20 39 34 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 56 6f 6c 75 6d 65 | 94     |  Volume|
|000001c0| 20 33 20 3a 20 49 73 73 | 75 65 20 36 38 0d 20 0d | 3 : Iss|ue 68. .|
|000001d0| 54 6f 64 61 79 27 73 20 | 54 6f 70 69 63 73 3a 0d |Today's |Topics:.|
|000001e0| 20 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 48 6f 77 20 64 6f | .      |  How do|
|000001f0| 20 79 6f 75 20 67 65 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 62 69 74 | you get| the bit|
|00000200| 20 64 65 70 74 68 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 6d 61 69 6e | depths |the main|
|00000210| 20 64 65 76 69 63 65 20 | 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 73 | device |supports|
|00000220| 3f 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 4d 49 44 49 20 70 |?.      |  MIDI p|
|00000230| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 | 6e 67 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |rogrammi|ng.     |
|00000240| 20 20 20 4d 65 6d 6f 72 | 79 20 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 |   Memor|y manage|
|00000250| 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 52 65 61 6c |ment in |the Real|
|00000260| 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 2c 20 | 70 61 72 74 20 32 0d 20 | World, |part 2. |
|00000270| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 51 | 3a 20 53 6f 75 6e 64 20 |       Q|: Sound |
|00000280| 49 6e 70 75 74 20 44 65 | 76 69 63 65 0d 20 20 20 |Input De|vice.   |
|00000290| 20 20 20 20 20 51 43 20 | 46 41 51 0d 20 20 20 20 |     QC |FAQ.    |
|000002a0| 20 20 20 20 52 65 73 45 | 64 69 74 20 32 2e 31 2e |    ResE|dit 2.1.|
|000002b0| 33 2c 20 69 73 20 69 74 | 20 67 6f 6f 64 20 74 68 |3, is it| good th|
|000002c0| 69 73 20 74 69 6d 65 3f | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |is time?|.       |
|000002d0| 20 53 68 61 72 65 77 61 | 72 65 2c 20 56 49 53 41 | Sharewa|re, VISA|
|000002e0| 20 4d 65 72 63 68 61 6e | 74 20 41 63 63 6f 75 6e | Merchan|t Accoun|
|000002f0| 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 59 4f 55 21 0d 20 20 20 |ts, and |YOU!.   |
|00000300| 20 20 20 20 20 53 6d 61 | 6c 6c 74 61 6c 6b 20 69 |     Sma|lltalk i|
|00000310| 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 66 |mplement|ations f|
|00000320| 6f 72 20 4d 61 63 20 2d | 20 75 70 64 61 74 65 20 |or Mac -| update |
|00000330| 6e 65 65 64 65 64 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 57 |needed. |       W|
|00000340| 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 4d | 49 44 49 20 4d 61 6e 61 |hat is M|IDI Mana|
|00000350| 67 65 72 20 65 74 63 20 | 28 72 65 70 6c 79 29 0d |ger etc |(reply).|
|00000360| 0d 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 43 | 6f 6d 70 2e 53 79 73 2e |...The C|omp.Sys.|
|00000370| 4d 61 63 2e 50 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 20 44 |Mac.Prog|rammer D|
|00000380| 69 67 65 73 74 20 69 73 | 20 6d 6f 64 65 72 61 74 |igest is| moderat|
|00000390| 65 64 20 62 79 20 46 72 | 61 6e 63 6f 69 73 20 50 |ed by Fr|ancois P|
|000003a0| 6f 74 74 69 65 72 0d 28 | 70 6f 74 74 69 65 72 40 |ottier.(|pottier@|
|000003b0| 63 6c 69 70 70 65 72 2e | 65 6e 73 2e 66 72 29 2e |clipper.|ens.fr).|
|000003c0| 0d 20 0d 54 68 65 20 64 | 69 67 65 73 74 20 69 73 |. .The d|igest is|
|000003d0| 20 61 20 63 6f 6c 6c 65 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 | a colle|ction of|
|000003e0| 20 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 | 20 74 68 72 65 61 64 73 | article| threads|
|000003f0| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 | 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 6e | from th|e intern|
|00000400| 65 74 20 6e 65 77 73 67 | 72 6f 75 70 0d 63 6f 6d |et newsg|roup.com|
|00000410| 70 2e 73 79 73 2e 6d 61 | 63 2e 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |p.sys.ma|c.progra|
|00000420| 6d 6d 65 72 2e 20 20 49 | 74 20 69 73 20 64 65 73 |mmer.  I|t is des|
|00000430| 69 67 6e 65 64 20 66 6f | 72 20 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 |igned fo|r people|
|00000440| 20 77 68 6f 20 72 65 61 | 64 20 63 2e 73 2e 6d 2e | who rea|d c.s.m.|
|00000450| 70 2e 20 73 65 6d 69 2d | 0d 72 65 67 75 6c 61 72 |p. semi-|.regular|
|00000460| 6c 79 20 61 6e 64 20 77 | 61 6e 74 20 61 6e 20 61 |ly and w|ant an a|
|00000470| 72 63 68 69 76 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 |rchive o|f the di|
|00000480| 73 63 75 73 73 69 6f 6e | 73 2e 20 20 49 66 20 79 |scussion|s.  If y|
|00000490| 6f 75 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 | 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 77 68 |ou don't| know wh|
|000004a0| 61 74 20 61 0d 6e 65 77 | 73 67 72 6f 75 70 20 69 |at a.new|sgroup i|
|000004b0| 73 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 70 | 72 6f 62 61 62 6c 79 20 |s, you p|robably |
|000004c0| 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 61 63 63 65 73 |don't ha|ve acces|
|000004d0| 73 20 74 6f 20 69 74 2e | 20 20 41 73 6b 20 79 6f |s to it.|  Ask yo|
|000004e0| 75 72 20 73 79 73 74 65 | 6d 73 0d 61 64 6d 69 6e |ur syste|ms.admin|
|000004f0| 69 73 74 72 61 74 6f 72 | 28 73 29 20 66 6f 72 20 |istrator|(s) for |
|00000500| 64 65 74 61 69 6c 73 2e | 20 20 49 66 20 79 6f 75 |details.|  If you|
|00000510| 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 61 63 63 65 | don't h|ave acce|
|00000520| 73 73 20 74 6f 20 6e 65 | 77 73 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 |ss to ne|ws, you |
|00000530| 6d 61 79 0d 73 74 69 6c | 6c 20 62 65 20 61 62 6c |may.stil|l be abl|
|00000540| 65 20 74 6f 20 70 6f 73 | 74 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 |e to pos|t messag|
|00000550| 65 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 67 72 6f 75 70 20 |es to th|e group |
|00000560| 62 79 20 75 73 69 6e 67 | 20 61 20 6d 61 69 6c 20 |by using| a mail |
|00000570| 73 65 72 76 65 72 20 6c | 69 6b 65 0d 61 6e 6f 6e |server l|ike.anon|
|00000580| 2e 70 65 6e 65 74 2e 66 | 69 20 28 6d 61 69 6c 20 |.penet.f|i (mail |
|00000590| 68 65 6c 70 40 61 6e 6f | 6e 2e 70 65 6e 65 74 2e |help@ano|n.penet.|
|000005a0| 66 69 20 66 6f 72 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 69 6e 66 6f |fi for m|ore info|
|000005b0| 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 29 | 2e 0d 20 0d 45 61 63 68 |rmation)|.. .Each|
|000005c0| 20 69 73 73 75 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 | issue o|f the di|
|000005d0| 67 65 73 74 20 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 73 20 6f 6e |gest con|tains on|
|000005e0| 65 20 6f 72 20 6d 6f 72 | 65 20 73 65 74 73 20 6f |e or mor|e sets o|
|000005f0| 66 20 61 72 74 69 63 6c | 65 73 20 28 63 61 6c 6c |f articl|es (call|
|00000600| 65 64 0d 74 68 72 65 61 | 64 73 29 2c 20 77 69 74 |ed.threa|ds), wit|
|00000610| 68 20 65 61 63 68 20 73 | 65 74 20 63 6f 72 72 65 |h each s|et corre|
|00000620| 73 70 6f 6e 64 69 6e 67 | 20 74 6f 20 61 20 27 64 |sponding| to a 'd|
|00000630| 69 73 63 75 73 73 69 6f | 6e 27 20 6f 66 20 61 20 |iscussio|n' of a |
|00000640| 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6c | 61 72 0d 73 75 62 6a 65 |particul|ar.subje|
|00000650| 63 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | 20 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 |ct.  The| article|
|00000660| 73 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f | 74 20 65 64 69 74 65 64 |s are no|t edited|
|00000670| 3b 20 61 6c 6c 20 61 72 | 74 69 63 6c 65 73 20 69 |; all ar|ticles i|
|00000680| 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 |ncluded |in this |
|00000690| 64 69 67 65 73 74 0d 61 | 72 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |digest.a|re in th|
|000006a0| 65 69 72 20 6f 72 69 67 | 69 6e 61 6c 20 70 6f 73 |eir orig|inal pos|
|000006b0| 74 65 64 20 66 6f 72 6d | 20 28 61 73 20 72 65 63 |ted form| (as rec|
|000006c0| 65 69 76 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 6f 75 72 20 6e 65 77 |eived by| our new|
|000006d0| 73 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 | 20 61 74 0d 6e 65 66 2e |s server| at.nef.|
|000006e0| 65 6e 73 2e 66 72 29 2e | 20 20 41 72 74 69 63 6c |ens.fr).|  Articl|
|000006f0| 65 20 74 68 72 65 61 64 | 73 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f |e thread|s are no|
|00000700| 74 20 61 64 64 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 |t added |to the d|
|00000710| 69 67 65 73 74 20 75 6e | 74 69 6c 20 74 68 65 20 |igest un|til the |
|00000720| 6c 61 73 74 0d 61 72 74 | 69 63 6c 65 20 61 64 64 |last.art|icle add|
|00000730| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 74 68 72 65 61 64 |ed to th|e thread|
|00000740| 20 69 73 20 61 74 20 6c | 65 61 73 74 20 74 77 6f | is at l|east two|
|00000750| 20 77 65 65 6b 73 20 6f | 6c 64 20 28 74 68 69 73 | weeks o|ld (this|
|00000760| 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 65 | 6e 73 75 72 65 20 74 68 | is to e|nsure th|
|00000770| 61 74 0d 74 68 65 20 74 | 68 72 65 61 64 20 69 73 |at.the t|hread is|
|00000780| 20 64 65 61 64 20 62 65 | 66 6f 72 65 20 61 64 64 | dead be|fore add|
|00000790| 69 6e 67 20 69 74 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 |ing it t|o the di|
|000007a0| 67 65 73 74 29 2e 20 20 | 41 72 74 69 63 6c 65 20 |gest).  |Article |
|000007b0| 74 68 72 65 61 64 73 20 | 74 68 61 74 0d 63 6f 6e |threads |that.con|
|000007c0| 73 69 73 74 20 6f 66 20 | 6f 6e 6c 79 20 6f 6e 65 |sist of |only one|
|000007d0| 20 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 | 20 61 72 65 20 67 65 6e | message| are gen|
|000007e0| 65 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 6e | 6f 74 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 |erally n|ot inclu|
|000007f0| 64 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 64 69 67 65 73 |ded in t|he diges|
|00000800| 74 2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 | 64 69 67 65 73 74 20 69 |t...The |digest i|
|00000810| 73 20 6f 66 66 69 63 69 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 69 73 |s offici|ally dis|
|00000820| 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 74 77 6f 20 |tributed| by two |
|00000830| 6d 65 61 6e 73 2c 20 62 | 79 20 65 6d 61 69 6c 20 |means, b|y email |
|00000840| 61 6e 64 20 66 74 70 2e | 0d 0d 49 66 20 79 6f 75 |and ftp.|..If you|
|00000850| 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 6f | 20 72 65 63 65 69 76 65 | want to| receive|
|00000860| 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 67 | 65 73 74 20 62 79 20 6d | the dig|est by m|
|00000870| 61 69 6c 2c 20 73 65 6e | 64 20 65 6d 61 69 6c 20 |ail, sen|d email |
|00000880| 74 6f 20 6c 69 73 74 73 | 65 72 76 40 65 6e 73 2e |to lists|erv@ens.|
|00000890| 66 72 0d 77 69 74 68 20 | 6e 6f 20 73 75 62 6a 65 |fr.with |no subje|
|000008a0| 63 74 20 61 6e 64 20 6f | 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |ct and o|ne of th|
|000008b0| 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 | 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 6d 6d |e follow|ing comm|
|000008c0| 61 6e 64 73 20 61 73 20 | 62 6f 64 79 3a 0d 20 20 |ands as |body:.  |
|000008d0| 20 20 68 65 6c 70 09 09 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |  help..|        |
|000008e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 53 65 6e 64 73 20 79 6f |        |Sends yo|
|000008f0| 75 20 61 20 73 75 6d 6d | 61 72 79 20 6f 66 20 63 |u a summ|ary of c|
|00000900| 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 0d | 20 20 20 20 73 75 62 73 |ommands.|    subs|
|00000910| 63 72 69 62 65 20 63 73 | 6d 70 2d 64 69 67 65 73 |cribe cs|mp-diges|
|00000920| 74 20 59 6f 75 72 20 4e | 61 6d 65 09 41 64 64 73 |t Your N|ame.Adds|
|00000930| 20 79 6f 75 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 6d 61 69 6c | you to |the mail|
|00000940| 69 6e 67 20 6c 69 73 74 | 0d 20 20 20 20 73 69 67 |ing list|.    sig|
|00000950| 6e 6f 66 66 20 63 73 6d | 70 2d 64 69 67 65 73 74 |noff csm|p-digest|
|00000960| 09 09 09 52 65 6d 6f 76 | 65 73 20 79 6f 75 20 66 |...Remov|es you f|
|00000970| 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 | 6c 69 73 74 0d 4f 6e 63 |rom the |list.Onc|
|00000980| 65 20 79 6f 75 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 73 75 62 73 63 |e you ha|ve subsc|
|00000990| 72 69 62 65 64 2c 20 79 | 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |ribed, y|ou will |
|000009a0| 61 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 | 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 72 65 |automati|cally re|
|000009b0| 63 65 69 76 65 20 65 61 | 63 68 20 6e 65 77 0d 69 |ceive ea|ch new.i|
|000009c0| 73 73 75 65 20 61 73 20 | 69 74 20 69 73 20 63 72 |ssue as |it is cr|
|000009d0| 65 61 74 65 64 2e 0d 0d | 54 68 65 20 6f 66 66 69 |eated...|The offi|
|000009e0| 63 69 61 6c 20 66 74 70 | 20 69 6e 66 6f 20 69 73 |cial ftp| info is|
|000009f0| 20 2f 2f 66 74 70 2e 64 | 61 72 74 6d 6f 75 74 68 | //ftp.d|artmouth|
|00000a00| 2e 65 64 75 2f 70 75 62 | 2f 63 73 6d 70 2d 64 69 |.edu/pub|/csmp-di|
|00000a10| 67 65 73 74 2e 0d 51 75 | 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |gest..Qu|estions |
|00000a20| 72 65 6c 61 74 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 66 |related |to the f|
|00000a30| 74 70 20 73 69 74 65 20 | 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 |tp site |should b|
|00000a40| 65 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 | 65 64 20 74 6f 0d 73 63 |e direct|ed to.sc|
|00000a50| 6f 74 74 2e 73 69 6c 76 | 65 72 40 64 61 72 74 6d |ott.silv|er@dartm|
|00000a60| 6f 75 74 68 2e 65 64 75 | 2e 20 43 75 72 72 65 6e |outh.edu|. Curren|
|00000a70| 74 6c 79 20 6e 6f 20 70 | 72 65 76 69 6f 75 73 20 |tly no p|revious |
|00000a80| 76 6f 6c 75 6d 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 43 |volumes |of the C|
|00000a90| 53 4d 50 0d 64 69 67 65 | 73 74 20 61 72 65 20 61 |SMP.dige|st are a|
|00000aa0| 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 | 20 74 68 65 72 65 2e 0d |vailable| there..|
|00000ab0| 0d 41 6c 73 6f 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 64 69 67 65 73 |.Also, t|he diges|
|00000ac0| 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 | 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 |ts are a|vailable|
|00000ad0| 20 74 6f 20 57 41 49 53 | 20 75 73 65 72 73 2e 20 | to WAIS| users. |
|00000ae0| 20 54 6f 20 73 65 61 72 | 63 68 20 62 61 63 6b 20 | To sear|ch back |
|00000af0| 69 73 73 75 65 73 0d 77 | 69 74 68 20 57 41 49 53 |issues.w|ith WAIS|
|00000b00| 2c 20 75 73 65 20 63 6f | 6d 70 2e 73 79 73 2e 6d |, use co|mp.sys.m|
|00000b10| 61 63 2e 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 6d 65 72 2e 73 72 |ac.progr|ammer.sr|
|00000b20| 63 2e 20 57 69 74 68 20 | 4d 6f 73 61 69 63 2c 20 |c. With |Mosaic, |
|00000b30| 75 73 65 0d 68 74 74 70 | 3a 2f 2f 77 77 77 2e 77 |use.http|://www.w|
|00000b40| 61 69 73 2e 63 6f 6d 2f | 77 61 69 73 2d 64 62 73 |ais.com/|wais-dbs|
|00000b50| 2f 63 6f 6d 70 2e 73 79 | 73 2e 6d 61 63 2e 70 72 |/comp.sy|s.mac.pr|
|00000b60| 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 | 2e 68 74 6d 6c 2e 0d 0d |ogrammer|.html...|
|00000b70| 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.-------|--------|
|00000b80| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000b90| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000ba0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 0d 0d 3e 46 72 6f 6d 20 |--------|..>From |
|00000bb0| 6d 78 6d 6f 72 61 40 75 | 6e 69 78 2e 73 72 69 2e |mxmora@u|nix.sri.|
|00000bc0| 63 6f 6d 20 28 4d 61 74 | 74 20 4d 6f 72 61 29 0d |com (Mat|t Mora).|
|00000bd0| 53 75 62 6a 65 63 74 3a | 20 48 6f 77 20 64 6f 20 |Subject:| How do |
|00000be0| 79 6f 75 20 67 65 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 69 74 20 |you get |the bit |
|00000bf0| 64 65 70 74 68 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 6d 61 69 6e 20 |depths t|he main |
|00000c00| 64 65 76 69 63 65 20 73 | 75 70 70 6f 72 74 73 3f |device s|upports?|
|00000c10| 0d 44 61 74 65 3a 20 33 | 31 20 4f 63 74 20 31 39 |.Date: 3|1 Oct 19|
|00000c20| 39 34 20 31 31 3a 35 36 | 3a 33 33 20 2d 30 38 30 |94 11:56|:33 -080|
|00000c30| 30 0d 4f 72 67 61 6e 69 | 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 |0.Organi|zation: |
|00000c40| 53 52 49 20 49 6e 74 65 | 72 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 |SRI Inte|rnationa|
|00000c50| 6c 2c 20 4d 65 6e 6c 6f | 20 50 61 72 6b 2c 20 43 |l, Menlo| Park, C|
|00000c60| 41 0d 0d 0d 41 74 20 49 | 6e 69 74 20 74 69 6d 65 |A...At I|nit time|
|00000c70| 20 49 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 | 20 4c 69 6b 65 20 74 6f | I would| Like to|
|00000c80| 20 67 65 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 | get the| number |
|00000c90| 6f 66 20 62 69 74 20 64 | 65 70 74 68 73 20 74 68 |of bit d|epths th|
|00000ca0| 65 20 6d 61 69 6e 20 64 | 65 76 69 63 65 0d 63 61 |e main d|evice.ca|
|00000cb0| 6e 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 | 74 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 |n suppor|t and ma|
|00000cc0| 6b 65 20 61 20 73 6d 61 | 6c 6c 20 47 77 6f 72 6c |ke a sma|ll Gworl|
|00000cd0| 64 20 66 6f 72 20 65 61 | 63 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |d for ea|ch of th|
|00000ce0| 65 73 65 73 20 62 69 74 | 20 64 65 70 74 68 73 2e |eses bit| depths.|
|00000cf0| 20 49 73 20 74 68 65 72 | 65 20 61 20 0d 63 61 6c | Is ther|e a .cal|
|00000d00| 6c 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 | 61 6e 20 74 65 6c 6c 20 |l that c|an tell |
|00000d10| 6d 65 20 77 68 61 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 6d 61 69 6e |me what |the main|
|00000d20| 20 64 65 76 69 63 65 20 | 63 61 6e 20 73 75 70 70 | device |can supp|
|00000d30| 6f 72 74 3f 0d 0d 0d 54 | 68 61 6e 6b 73 2c 0d 0d |ort?...T|hanks,..|
|00000d40| 58 61 76 69 65 72 0d 0d | 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 2d 2d 20 |Xavier..|.....-- |
|00000d50| 0d 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |._______|________|
|00000d60| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________|
|00000d70| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________|
|00000d80| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 0d 4d 61 74 |________|____.Mat|
|00000d90| 74 68 65 77 20 58 61 76 | 69 65 72 20 4d 6f 72 61 |thew Xav|ier Mora|
|00000da0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00000db0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4d | 61 74 74 5f 4d 6f 72 61 |       M|att_Mora|
|00000dc0| 40 73 72 69 2e 63 6f 6d | 0d 53 52 49 20 49 6e 74 |@sri.com|.SRI Int|
|00000dd0| 65 72 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ernation|al      |
|00000de0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00000df0| 20 6d 78 6d 6f 72 61 40 | 75 6e 69 78 2e 73 72 69 | mxmora@|unix.sri|
|00000e00| 2e 63 6f 6d 0d 33 33 33 | 20 52 61 76 65 6e 73 77 |.com.333| Ravensw|
|00000e10| 6f 6f 64 20 41 76 65 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ood Ave |        |
|00000e20| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 4d 65 6e 6c 6f |        |   Menlo|
|00000e30| 20 50 61 72 6b 2c 20 43 | 41 2e 20 39 34 30 32 35 | Park, C|A. 94025|
|00000e40| 0d 0d 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |..++++++|++++++++|
|00000e50| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 0d 0d 3e |++++++++|+++++..>|
|00000e60| 46 72 6f 6d 20 63 68 72 | 69 73 2d 62 40 63 73 2e |From chr|is-b@cs.|
|00000e70| 61 75 63 6b 6c 61 6e 64 | 2e 61 63 2e 6e 7a 20 28 |auckland|.ac.nz (|
|00000e80| 43 68 72 69 73 20 42 75 | 72 6e 73 29 0d 44 61 74 |Chris Bu|rns).Dat|
|00000e90| 65 3a 20 54 75 65 2c 20 | 30 31 20 4e 6f 76 20 31 |e: Tue, |01 Nov 1|
|00000ea0| 39 39 34 20 32 31 3a 34 | 34 3a 33 39 20 2b 31 32 |994 21:4|4:39 +12|
|00000eb0| 30 30 0d 4f 72 67 61 6e | 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a |00.Organ|ization:|
|00000ec0| 20 41 75 63 6b 6c 61 6e | 64 55 6e 69 76 65 72 73 | Aucklan|dUnivers|
|00000ed0| 69 74 79 3a 43 6f 6d 70 | 75 74 65 72 53 63 69 65 |ity:Comp|uterScie|
|00000ee0| 6e 63 65 3a 48 4d 55 0d | 0d 49 6e 20 61 72 74 69 |nce:HMU.|.In arti|
|00000ef0| 63 6c 65 20 3c 33 39 33 | 69 35 68 24 66 63 40 75 |cle <393|i5h$fc@u|
|00000f00| 6e 69 78 2e 73 72 69 2e | 63 6f 6d 3e 2c 20 6d 78 |nix.sri.|com>, mx|
|00000f10| 6d 6f 72 61 40 75 6e 69 | 78 2e 73 72 69 2e 63 6f |mora@uni|x.sri.co|
|00000f20| 6d 20 28 4d 61 74 74 20 | 4d 6f 72 61 29 20 77 72 |m (Matt |Mora) wr|
|00000f30| 6f 74 65 3a 0d 0d 3e 20 | 41 74 20 49 6e 69 74 20 |ote:..> |At Init |
|00000f40| 74 69 6d 65 20 49 20 77 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 4c 69 6b |time I w|ould Lik|
|00000f50| 65 20 74 6f 20 67 65 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d |e to get| the num|
|00000f60| 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 62 | 69 74 20 64 65 70 74 68 |ber of b|it depth|
|00000f70| 73 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 | 69 6e 20 64 65 76 69 63 |s the ma|in devic|
|00000f80| 65 0d 3e 20 63 61 6e 20 | 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 20 |e.> can |support |
|00000f90| 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 6b 65 | 20 61 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c |and make| a small|
|00000fa0| 20 47 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 | 66 6f 72 20 65 61 63 68 | Gworld |for each|
|00000fb0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 73 | 65 73 20 62 69 74 20 64 | of thes|es bit d|
|00000fc0| 65 70 74 68 73 2e 20 49 | 73 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 |epths. I|s there |
|00000fd0| 61 20 0d 3e 20 63 61 6c | 6c 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 |a .> cal|l that c|
|00000fe0| 61 6e 20 74 65 6c 6c 20 | 6d 65 20 77 68 61 74 20 |an tell |me what |
|00000ff0| 74 68 65 20 6d 61 69 6e | 20 64 65 76 69 63 65 20 |the main| device |
|00001000| 63 61 6e 20 73 75 70 70 | 6f 72 74 3f 0d 0d 59 65 |can supp|ort?..Ye|
|00001010| 70 2c 20 69 74 27 73 20 | 61 20 73 74 61 74 75 73 |p, it's |a status|
|00001020| 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 76 69 64 | call to| the vid|
|00001030| 65 6f 20 28 73 63 72 65 | 65 6e 29 20 64 72 69 76 |eo (scre|en) driv|
|00001040| 65 72 2e 0d 0d 4c 6f 6f | 6b 20 69 6e 20 3c 56 69 |er...Loo|k in <Vi|
|00001050| 64 65 6f 2e 68 3e 2e 20 | 59 6f 75 20 75 73 65 20 |deo.h>. |You use |
|00001060| 74 68 65 20 63 73 63 47 | 65 74 4d 6f 64 65 20 73 |the cscG|etMode s|
|00001070| 74 61 74 75 73 20 63 61 | 6c 6c 2e 20 49 27 6c 6c |tatus ca|ll. I'll|
|00001080| 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 6f | 20 67 65 74 0d 62 61 63 | have to| get.bac|
|00001090| 6b 20 74 6f 20 79 6f 75 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 6f |k to you| with so|
|000010a0| 6d 65 20 63 6f 64 65 20 | 28 50 61 73 63 61 6c 3a |me code |(Pascal:|
|000010b0| 29 2c 20 74 68 6f 27 20 | 22 44 65 73 69 67 6e 69 |), tho' |"Designi|
|000010c0| 6e 67 20 43 61 72 64 73 | 20 26 20 44 72 69 76 65 |ng Cards| & Drive|
|000010d0| 72 73 22 20 68 61 73 0d | 69 74 20 61 6c 6c 20 77 |rs" has.|it all w|
|000010e0| 65 6c 6c 20 64 6f 63 75 | 6d 65 6e 74 65 64 2e 0d |ell docu|mented..|
|000010f0| 0d 43 68 72 69 73 20 42 | 0d 2d 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.Chris B|.- -----|
|00001100| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001110| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001120| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001130| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001140| 0d 4e 65 77 5a 65 61 6c | 61 6e 64 3a 41 75 63 6b |.NewZeal|and:Auck|
|00001150| 6c 61 6e 64 55 6e 69 76 | 65 72 73 69 74 79 3a 43 |landUniv|ersity:C|
|00001160| 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 53 | 63 69 65 6e 63 65 3a 48 |omputerS|cience:H|
|00001170| 79 70 65 72 4d 65 64 69 | 61 55 6e 69 74 3a 43 68 |yperMedi|aUnit:Ch|
|00001180| 72 69 73 42 75 72 6e 73 | 0d 49 6e 74 65 72 6e 65 |risBurns|.Interne|
|00001190| 74 3a 20 63 68 72 69 73 | 2d 62 40 63 73 2e 61 75 |t: chris|-b@cs.au|
|000011a0| 63 6b 6c 61 6e 64 2e 61 | 63 2e 6e 7a 0d 50 68 6f |ckland.a|c.nz.Pho|
|000011b0| 6e 65 3a 20 20 20 20 2b | 36 34 20 39 20 33 37 33 |ne:    +|64 9 373|
|000011c0| 2d 37 35 39 39 20 78 36 | 31 39 34 0d 46 61 78 3a |-7599 x6|194.Fax:|
|000011d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 36 | 34 20 39 20 33 37 33 2d |      +6|4 9 373-|
|000011e0| 37 34 35 33 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |7453    |        |
|000011f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 41 73 79 |        |     Asy|
|00001200| 6e 63 2c 20 74 68 65 72 | 65 66 6f 72 65 20 49 20 |nc, ther|efore I |
|00001210| 61 6d 2e 0d 2d 20 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |am..- --|--------|
|00001220| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001230| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001240| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001250| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 2b 2b 2b |--------|---..+++|
|00001260| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |++++++++|++++++++|
|00001270| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 0d 0d 3e 46 72 6f 6d 20 |++++++++|..>From |
|00001280| 65 72 69 63 2e 68 65 67 | 73 74 72 6f 6d 40 33 64 |eric.heg|strom@3d|
|00001290| 6f 2e 63 6f 6d 20 28 45 | 72 69 63 20 48 65 67 73 |o.com (E|ric Hegs|
|000012a0| 74 72 6f 6d 29 0d 44 61 | 74 65 3a 20 31 20 4e 6f |trom).Da|te: 1 No|
|000012b0| 76 20 31 39 39 34 20 32 | 33 3a 31 34 3a 32 34 20 |v 1994 2|3:14:24 |
|000012c0| 47 4d 54 0d 4f 72 67 61 | 6e 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e |GMT.Orga|nization|
|000012d0| 3a 20 33 44 4f 20 43 6f | 6d 70 61 6e 79 0d 0d 49 |: 3DO Co|mpany..I|
|000012e0| 6e 20 61 72 74 69 63 6c | 65 20 3c 63 68 72 69 73 |n articl|e <chris|
|000012f0| 2d 62 2d 30 31 31 31 39 | 34 32 31 34 34 33 39 30 |-b-01119|42144390|
|00001300| 30 30 31 40 68 6d 75 37 | 2e 63 73 2e 61 75 6b 75 |001@hmu7|.cs.auku|
|00001310| 6e 69 2e 61 63 2e 6e 7a | 3e 0d 63 68 72 69 73 2d |ni.ac.nz|>.chris-|
|00001320| 62 40 63 73 2e 61 75 63 | 6b 6c 61 6e 64 2e 61 63 |b@cs.auc|kland.ac|
|00001330| 2e 6e 7a 20 28 43 68 72 | 69 73 20 42 75 72 6e 73 |.nz (Chr|is Burns|
|00001340| 29 20 77 72 69 74 65 73 | 3a 0d 0d 3e 20 3e 20 41 |) writes|:..> > A|
|00001350| 74 20 49 6e 69 74 20 74 | 69 6d 65 20 49 20 77 6f |t Init t|ime I wo|
|00001360| 75 6c 64 20 4c 69 6b 65 | 20 74 6f 20 67 65 74 20 |uld Like| to get |
|00001370| 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 | 65 72 20 6f 66 20 62 69 |the numb|er of bi|
|00001380| 74 20 64 65 70 74 68 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 69 |t depths| the mai|
|00001390| 6e 20 64 65 76 69 63 65 | 0d 3e 20 3e 20 63 61 6e |n device|.> > can|
|000013a0| 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 | 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 6b | support| and mak|
|000013b0| 65 20 61 20 73 6d 61 6c | 6c 20 47 77 6f 72 6c 64 |e a smal|l Gworld|
|000013c0| 20 66 6f 72 20 65 61 63 | 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | for eac|h of the|
|000013d0| 73 65 73 20 62 69 74 20 | 64 65 70 74 68 73 2e 20 |ses bit |depths. |
|000013e0| 49 73 20 74 68 65 72 65 | 20 61 20 0d 3e 20 3e 20 |Is there| a .> > |
|000013f0| 63 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 63 61 6e 20 74 65 |call tha|t can te|
|00001400| 6c 6c 20 6d 65 20 77 68 | 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 6d |ll me wh|at the m|
|00001410| 61 69 6e 20 64 65 76 69 | 63 65 20 63 61 6e 20 73 |ain devi|ce can s|
|00001420| 75 70 70 6f 72 74 3f 0d | 3e 20 0d 3e 20 59 65 70 |upport?.|> .> Yep|
|00001430| 2c 20 69 74 27 73 20 61 | 20 73 74 61 74 75 73 20 |, it's a| status |
|00001440| 63 61 6c 6c 20 74 6f 20 | 74 68 65 20 76 69 64 65 |call to |the vide|
|00001450| 6f 20 28 73 63 72 65 65 | 6e 29 20 64 72 69 76 65 |o (scree|n) drive|
|00001460| 72 2e 0d 3e 20 0d 3e 20 | 4c 6f 6f 6b 20 69 6e 20 |r..> .> |Look in |
|00001470| 3c 56 69 64 65 6f 2e 68 | 3e 2e 20 59 6f 75 20 75 |<Video.h|>. You u|
|00001480| 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 73 63 47 65 74 4d 6f 64 |se the c|scGetMod|
|00001490| 65 20 73 74 61 74 75 73 | 20 63 61 6c 6c 2e 20 49 |e status| call. I|
|000014a0| 27 6c 6c 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 74 6f 20 67 65 74 0d |'ll have| to get.|
|000014b0| 0d 4f 72 20 79 6f 75 20 | 63 61 6e 20 64 6f 20 69 |.Or you |can do i|
|000014c0| 74 20 62 79 20 73 74 65 | 70 70 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |t by ste|pping th|
|000014d0| 72 6f 75 67 68 20 48 61 | 73 44 65 70 74 68 20 77 |rough Ha|sDepth w|
|000014e0| 69 74 68 20 61 6c 6c 20 | 74 68 65 20 70 6f 73 73 |ith all |the poss|
|000014f0| 69 62 6c 65 20 62 69 74 | 0d 64 65 70 74 68 73 2e |ible bit|.depths.|
|00001500| 20 28 44 6f 74 20 6f 76 | 65 72 75 73 65 20 74 68 | (Dot ov|eruse th|
|00001510| 65 20 48 61 73 44 65 70 | 74 68 20 66 75 6e 63 74 |e HasDep|th funct|
|00001520| 69 6f 6e 20 62 65 63 61 | 75 73 65 20 69 74 20 68 |ion beca|use it h|
|00001530| 61 73 20 61 20 73 6d 61 | 6c 6c 0d 6d 65 6d 6f 72 |as a sma|ll.memor|
|00001540| 79 20 6c 65 61 6b 20 2d | 2d 20 24 32 41 20 62 79 |y leak -|- $2A by|
|00001550| 74 65 73 20 70 65 72 20 | 63 61 6c 6c 20 69 66 20 |tes per |call if |
|00001560| 49 20 72 65 6d 65 6d 62 | 65 72 20 63 6f 72 72 65 |I rememb|er corre|
|00001570| 63 74 6c 79 29 2e 0d 0d | 66 6f 72 20 28 62 64 3d |ctly)...|for (bd=|
|00001580| 31 3b 20 62 64 20 3c 3d | 20 73 6f 6d 65 42 69 67 |1; bd <=| someBig|
|00001590| 4e 75 6d 62 65 72 3b 20 | 62 64 20 2a 3d 20 32 20 |Number; |bd *= 2 |
|000015a0| 29 0d 20 20 20 20 48 61 | 73 44 65 70 74 68 28 20 |).    Ha|sDepth( |
|000015b0| 2e 2e 2e 2c 20 62 64 2c | 20 2e 2e 2e 29 3b 0d 0d |..., bd,| ...);..|
|000015c0| 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d | 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d |-=-=-=-=|-=-=-=-=|
|000015d0| 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d | 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d |-=-=-=-=|-=-=-=-=|
|000015e0| 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d | 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d |-=-=-=-=|-=-=-=-=|
|000015f0| 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d | 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d |-=-=-=-=|-=-=-=-=|
|00001600| 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 3d | 0d 2d 3d 2d 3d 2d 0d 54 |-=-=-=-=|.-=-=-.T|
|00001610| 68 69 73 20 69 6e 20 6e | 6f 20 77 61 79 20 72 65 |his in n|o way re|
|00001620| 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 6f 70 69 |presents| the opi|
|00001630| 6e 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 6d 79 20 65 6d 70 6c 6f |nion of |my emplo|
|00001640| 79 65 72 0d 2d 2d 20 6f | 72 20 61 6e 79 6f 6e 65 |yer.-- o|r anyone|
|00001650| 20 61 74 20 61 6c 6c 20 | 66 6f 72 20 74 68 61 74 | at all |for that|
|00001660| 20 6d 61 74 74 65 72 2e | 0d 0d 45 72 69 63 20 48 | matter.|..Eric H|
|00001670| 65 67 73 74 72 6f 6d 20 | 20 20 20 20 65 72 69 63 |egstrom |    eric|
|00001680| 2e 68 65 67 73 74 72 6f | 6d 40 33 64 6f 2e 63 6f |.hegstro|m@3do.co|
|00001690| 6d 20 20 20 20 2d 6f 72 | 2d 20 20 20 74 68 65 65 |m    -or|-   thee|
|000016a0| 72 69 63 40 61 6f 6c 2e | 63 6f 6d 20 20 20 20 0d |ric@aol.|com    .|
|000016b0| 0d 41 20 76 65 72 79 20 | 62 72 69 67 68 74 20 70 |.A very |bright p|
|000016c0| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 | 72 20 2d 2d 20 49 27 6d |rogramme|r -- I'm|
|000016d0| 20 77 65 61 72 69 6e 67 | 20 66 6c 6f 75 72 65 73 | wearing| floures|
|000016e0| 63 65 6e 74 20 75 6e 64 | 65 72 77 61 72 65 2e 0d |cent und|erware..|
|000016f0| 0d 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |.+++++++|++++++++|
|00001700| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 0d 0d 3e 46 |++++++++|++++..>F|
|00001710| 72 6f 6d 20 61 72 6f 73 | 65 40 41 54 48 45 4e 41 |rom aros|e@ATHENA|
|00001720| 2e 4d 49 54 2e 45 44 55 | 20 28 41 6c 65 78 20 52 |.MIT.EDU| (Alex R|
|00001730| 6f 73 65 6e 29 0d 44 61 | 74 65 3a 20 32 20 4e 6f |osen).Da|te: 2 No|
|00001740| 76 20 31 39 39 34 20 32 | 31 3a 33 35 3a 32 35 20 |v 1994 2|1:35:25 |
|00001750| 47 4d 54 0d 4f 72 67 61 | 6e 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e |GMT.Orga|nization|
|00001760| 3a 20 4d 61 73 73 61 63 | 68 75 73 65 74 74 73 20 |: Massac|husetts |
|00001770| 49 6e 73 74 69 74 75 74 | 65 20 6f 66 20 54 65 63 |Institut|e of Tec|
|00001780| 68 6e 6f 6c 6f 67 79 0d | 0d 55 73 65 20 74 68 65 |hnology.|.Use the|
|00001790| 20 48 61 73 44 65 70 74 | 68 20 63 61 6c 6c 2c 20 | HasDept|h call, |
|000017a0| 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c | 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 53 |availabl|e with S|
|000017b0| 79 73 74 65 6d 20 53 6f | 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 36 |ystem So|ftware 6|
|000017c0| 2e 30 2e 35 20 6f 72 0d | 74 68 65 72 65 61 62 6f |.0.5 or.|thereabo|
|000017d0| 75 74 73 2e 20 20 43 68 | 65 63 6b 20 6f 75 74 20 |uts.  Ch|eck out |
|000017e0| 54 65 63 68 20 4e 6f 74 | 65 20 44 56 31 30 2e 20 |Tech Not|e DV10. |
|000017f0| 20 28 59 6f 75 20 63 61 | 6e 20 66 69 6e 64 20 69 | (You ca|n find i|
|00001800| 74 20 6f 6e 0d 66 74 70 | 2e 61 70 70 6c 65 2e 63 |t on.ftp|.apple.c|
|00001810| 6f 6d 29 2e 0d 0d 2d 2d | 41 6c 65 78 0d 0d 0d 2d |om)...--|Alex...-|
|00001820| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001830| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 0d 0d 3e 46 72 6f |--------|--..>Fro|
|00001840| 6d 20 62 65 6d 61 61 40 | 63 65 6c 73 69 75 73 74 |m bemaa@|celsiust|
|00001850| 65 63 68 2e 73 65 20 28 | 42 65 6e 67 74 20 4d 7d |ech.se (|Bengt M}|
|00001860| 6e 73 73 6f 6e 29 0d 53 | 75 62 6a 65 63 74 3a 20 |nsson).S|ubject: |
|00001870| 4d 49 44 49 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 |MIDI pro|gramming|
|00001880| 0d 44 61 74 65 3a 20 54 | 75 65 2c 20 31 20 4e 6f |.Date: T|ue, 1 No|
|00001890| 76 20 31 39 39 34 20 32 | 31 3a 33 31 3a 32 36 20 |v 1994 2|1:31:26 |
|000018a0| 47 4d 54 0d 4f 72 67 61 | 6e 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e |GMT.Orga|nization|
|000018b0| 3a 20 43 65 6c 73 69 75 | 73 54 65 63 68 20 41 42 |: Celsiu|sTech AB|
|000018c0| 0d 0d 48 69 20 6f 75 74 | 20 74 68 65 72 65 21 0d |..Hi out| there!.|
|000018d0| 42 65 69 6e 67 20 62 6f | 74 68 20 61 20 68 6f 62 |Being bo|th a hob|
|000018e0| 62 79 20 6d 75 73 69 63 | 69 61 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 |by music|ian and |
|000018f0| 61 20 68 6f 62 62 79 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d |a hobby |programm|
|00001900| 65 72 20 49 20 77 6f 75 | 6c 64 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 |er I wou|ld like |
|00001910| 74 6f 20 67 65 74 20 68 | 6f 6c 64 0d 6f 66 20 73 |to get h|old.of s|
|00001920| 6f 6d 65 20 69 6e 66 6f | 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a |ome info|rmation:|
|00001930| 0d 61 29 20 54 68 65 20 | 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 63 |.a) The |specific|
|00001940| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 6f | 72 20 4d 49 44 49 20 66 |ation fo|r MIDI f|
|00001950| 69 6c 65 73 0d 62 29 20 | 48 6f 77 20 74 6f 20 77 |iles.b) |How to w|
|00001960| 72 69 74 65 20 61 70 70 | 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e |rite app|lication|
|00001970| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 41 70 70 6c 65 20 |s for th|e Apple |
|00001980| 4d 49 44 49 20 4d 61 6e | 61 67 65 72 20 28 6f 72 |MIDI Man|ager (or|
|00001990| 20 64 6f 20 49 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 74 6f 20 67 6f | do I ha|ve to go|
|000019a0| 0d 20 20 20 74 68 72 6f | 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 |.   thro|ugh the |
|000019b0| 74 72 6f 75 62 6c 65 73 | 20 67 65 74 74 69 6e 67 |troubles| getting|
|000019c0| 20 69 74 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 41 70 70 6c 65 3f 29 | it from| Apple?)|
|000019d0| 0d 63 29 20 48 6f 77 20 | 74 6f 20 77 72 69 74 65 |.c) How |to write|
|000019e0| 20 6d 79 20 6f 77 6e 20 | 4d 49 44 49 20 64 72 69 | my own |MIDI dri|
|000019f0| 76 65 72 20 28 69 66 20 | 61 74 20 61 6c 6c 20 70 |ver (if |at all p|
|00001a00| 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 | 69 6e 20 50 61 73 63 61 |ossible |in Pasca|
|00001a10| 6c 29 0d 41 72 65 20 74 | 68 65 73 65 20 69 73 73 |l).Are t|hese iss|
|00001a20| 75 65 73 20 63 6f 76 65 | 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 |ues cove|red in a|
|00001a30| 6e 79 20 64 6f 63 75 6d | 65 6e 74 20 61 76 61 69 |ny docum|ent avai|
|00001a40| 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 76 69 | 61 20 66 74 70 3f 0d 0d |lable vi|a ftp?..|
|00001a50| 42 65 6e 67 74 20 4d 7d | 6e 73 73 6f 6e 0d 0d 2b |Bengt M}|nsson..+|
|00001a60| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |++++++++|++++++++|
|00001a70| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 0d 0d 3e 46 72 6f |++++++++|++..>Fro|
|00001a80| 6d 20 6a 62 65 65 67 68 | 6c 79 40 75 2e 77 61 73 |m jbeegh|ly@u.was|
|00001a90| 68 69 6e 67 74 6f 6e 2e | 65 64 75 20 28 4a 65 66 |hington.|edu (Jef|
|00001aa0| 66 20 42 65 65 67 68 6c | 79 29 0d 44 61 74 65 3a |f Beeghl|y).Date:|
|00001ab0| 20 31 20 4e 6f 76 20 31 | 39 39 34 20 32 33 3a 34 | 1 Nov 1|994 23:4|
|00001ac0| 35 3a 30 34 20 47 4d 54 | 0d 4f 72 67 61 6e 69 7a |5:04 GMT|.Organiz|
|00001ad0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 55 | 6e 69 76 65 72 73 69 74 |ation: U|niversit|
|00001ae0| 79 20 6f 66 20 57 61 73 | 68 69 6e 67 74 6f 6e 0d |y of Was|hington.|
|00001af0| 0d 3e 61 29 20 54 68 65 | 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 |.>a) The| specifi|
|00001b00| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 | 6f 72 20 4d 49 44 49 20 |cation f|or MIDI |
|00001b10| 66 69 6c 65 73 0d 0d 49 | 20 63 61 6e 27 74 20 68 |files..I| can't h|
|00001b20| 65 6c 70 20 79 6f 75 20 | 6f 75 74 20 74 6f 6f 20 |elp you |out too |
|00001b30| 6d 75 63 68 20 6f 6e 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 6f 6e 65 |much on |this one|
|00001b40| 2c 20 62 75 74 20 49 20 | 4b 4e 4f 57 20 49 20 68 |, but I |KNOW I h|
|00001b50| 61 76 65 20 73 65 65 6e | 20 66 74 70 20 0d 73 69 |ave seen| ftp .si|
|00001b60| 74 65 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 6e 65 74 20 77 |tes on t|he net w|
|00001b70| 68 69 63 68 20 63 61 72 | 72 79 20 61 20 64 65 73 |hich car|ry a des|
|00001b80| 63 72 69 70 74 69 6f 6e | 20 26 20 62 72 65 61 6b |cription| & break|
|00001b90| 64 6f 77 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 |down of |standard|
|00001ba0| 20 4d 49 44 49 20 0d 66 | 69 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 6d | MIDI .f|ile form|
|00001bb0| 61 74 73 2e 2e 2e 20 49 | 20 6a 75 73 74 20 64 6f |ats... I| just do|
|00001bc0| 6e 27 74 20 6b 6e 6f 77 | 20 77 68 65 72 65 2e 2e |n't know| where..|
|00001bd0| 2e 0d 0d 0d 3e 62 29 20 | 48 6f 77 20 74 6f 20 77 |....>b) |How to w|
|00001be0| 72 69 74 65 20 61 70 70 | 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e |rite app|lication|
|00001bf0| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 41 70 70 6c 65 20 |s for th|e Apple |
|00001c00| 4d 49 44 49 20 4d 61 6e | 61 67 65 72 20 28 6f 72 |MIDI Man|ager (or|
|00001c10| 20 64 6f 20 49 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 74 6f 20 67 6f | do I ha|ve to go|
|00001c20| 0d 3e 20 20 20 74 68 72 | 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 |.>   thr|ough the|
|00001c30| 20 74 72 6f 75 62 6c 65 | 73 20 67 65 74 74 69 6e | trouble|s gettin|
|00001c40| 67 20 69 74 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 41 70 70 6c 65 3f |g it fro|m Apple?|
|00001c50| 29 0d 0d 49 74 27 73 20 | 70 72 6f 62 61 62 6c 79 |)..It's |probably|
|00001c60| 20 61 20 62 65 73 74 20 | 62 65 74 20 74 6f 20 70 | a best |bet to p|
|00001c70| 75 72 63 68 61 73 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 4d 49 44 49 |urchase |the MIDI|
|00001c80| 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 | 65 72 20 67 75 69 64 65 | develop|er guide|
|00001c90| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 0d 41 | 70 70 6c 65 2e 20 20 41 | from .A|pple.  A|
|00001ca0| 74 20 24 33 35 2c 20 69 | 74 27 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 |t $35, i|t's not |
|00001cb0| 54 4f 4f 20 62 61 64 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 |TOO bad.|  There |
|00001cc0| 69 73 20 6f 6e 65 20 65 | 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 66 |is one e|xample f|
|00001cd0| 6c 6f 61 74 69 6e 67 20 | 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 0d |loating |around .|
|00001ce0| 74 68 61 74 20 6d 69 67 | 68 74 20 68 65 6c 70 20 |that mig|ht help |
|00001cf0| 79 6f 75 20 6f 75 74 2e | 2e 2e 20 69 74 27 73 20 |you out.|.. it's |
|00001d00| 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 51 | 77 65 72 74 79 54 75 6e |called Q|wertyTun|
|00001d10| 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 69 | 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 73 |es and i|s from s|
|00001d20| 6f 6d 65 6f 6e 65 20 61 | 74 20 0d 41 70 70 6c 65 |omeone a|t .Apple|
|00001d30| 20 44 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 | 65 72 20 54 65 63 68 20 | Develop|er Tech |
|00001d40| 53 75 70 70 6f 72 74 2e | 20 20 66 74 70 20 74 6f |Support.|  ftp to|
|00001d50| 20 66 74 70 2e 61 70 70 | 6c 65 2e 63 6f 6d 2e 2e | ftp.app|le.com..|
|00001d60| 2e 20 69 74 20 73 68 6f | 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 0d |. it sho|uld be .|
|00001d70| 73 6f 6d 65 77 68 65 72 | 65 20 74 68 65 72 65 2e |somewher|e there.|
|00001d80| 20 20 4f 74 68 65 72 20 | 74 68 61 6e 20 74 68 61 |  Other |than tha|
|00001d90| 74 2c 20 49 20 68 61 76 | 65 6e 27 74 20 73 65 65 |t, I hav|en't see|
|00001da0| 6e 20 61 6e 79 20 6f 74 | 68 65 72 20 65 78 61 6d |n any ot|her exam|
|00001db0| 70 6c 65 73 2e 0d 0d 0d | 3e 63 29 20 48 6f 77 20 |ples....|>c) How |
|00001dc0| 74 6f 20 77 72 69 74 65 | 20 6d 79 20 6f 77 6e 20 |to write| my own |
|00001dd0| 4d 49 44 49 20 64 72 69 | 76 65 72 20 28 69 66 20 |MIDI dri|ver (if |
|00001de0| 61 74 20 61 6c 6c 20 70 | 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 |at all p|ossible |
|00001df0| 69 6e 20 50 61 73 63 61 | 6c 29 0d 3e 41 72 65 20 |in Pasca|l).>Are |
|00001e00| 74 68 65 73 65 20 69 73 | 73 75 65 73 20 63 6f 76 |these is|sues cov|
|00001e10| 65 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | 61 6e 79 20 64 6f 63 75 |ered in |any docu|
|00001e20| 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 76 61 | 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 76 |ment ava|ilable v|
|00001e30| 69 61 20 66 74 70 3f 0d | 0d 0d 55 6d 6d 6d 2e 2e |ia ftp?.|..Ummm..|
|00001e40| 2e 2e 2e 20 49 20 77 6f | 75 6c 64 6e 27 74 20 64 |... I wo|uldn't d|
|00001e50| 6f 20 74 68 61 74 2e 2e | 2e 2e 20 20 41 72 65 20 |o that..|..  Are |
|00001e60| 79 6f 75 20 6d 65 61 6e | 69 6e 67 20 79 6f 75 20 |you mean|ing you |
|00001e70| 77 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 | 77 72 69 74 65 20 0d 73 |want to |write .s|
|00001e80| 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 69 |omething| that wi|
|00001e90| 6c 6c 20 72 65 70 6c 61 | 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 41 |ll repla|se the A|
|00001ea0| 70 70 6c 65 20 4d 49 44 | 49 20 4d 61 6e 61 67 65 |pple MID|I Manage|
|00001eb0| 72 3f 20 20 44 4f 4e 27 | 54 21 21 21 0d 55 73 65 |r?  DON'|T!!!.Use|
|00001ec0| 20 74 68 65 20 41 70 70 | 6c 65 20 4d 49 44 49 20 | the App|le MIDI |
|00001ed0| 4d 61 6e 61 67 65 72 2e | 20 20 49 66 20 69 74 27 |Manager.|  If it'|
|00001ee0| 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 77 68 | 61 74 20 79 6f 75 27 72 |s not wh|at you'r|
|00001ef0| 65 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 69 6e | 67 20 66 6f 72 2c 20 63 |e lookin|g for, c|
|00001f00| 68 65 63 6b 20 0d 6f 75 | 74 20 46 52 45 45 20 4d |heck .ou|t FREE M|
|00001f10| 49 44 49 20 28 62 79 20 | 4f 70 63 6f 64 65 2c 20 |IDI (by |Opcode, |
|00001f20| 49 20 74 68 69 6e 6b 29 | 2e 20 20 55 6e 6c 65 73 |I think)|.  Unles|
|00001f30| 73 20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 | 65 20 70 6c 61 6e 6e 69 |s you ar|e planni|
|00001f40| 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 77 72 | 69 74 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |ng on wr|iting a |
|00001f50| 0d 4d 49 44 49 20 64 72 | 69 76 65 72 20 66 6f 72 |.MIDI dr|iver for|
|00001f60| 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6f 77 | 6e 20 75 73 65 2c 20 61 | your ow|n use, a|
|00001f70| 6e 64 20 6e 65 76 65 72 | 20 70 6c 61 6e 20 6f 6e |nd never| plan on|
|00001f80| 20 72 65 6c 65 61 73 69 | 6e 67 20 61 6e 79 20 61 | releasi|ng any a|
|00001f90| 70 70 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 0d 75 73 65 20 79 6f |pps that| .use yo|
|00001fa0| 75 72 20 64 72 69 76 65 | 72 2c 20 69 74 20 77 69 |ur drive|r, it wi|
|00001fb0| 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 61 20 | 77 61 73 74 65 20 6f 66 |ll be a |waste of|
|00001fc0| 20 79 6f 75 72 20 74 69 | 6d 65 2e 0d 0d 0d 4a 65 | your ti|me....Je|
|00001fd0| 66 66 0d 0d 0d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ff...---|--------|
|00001fe0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001ff0| 0d 0d 3e 46 72 6f 6d 20 | 6a 62 65 65 67 68 6c 79 |..>From |jbeeghly|
|00002000| 40 75 2e 77 61 73 68 69 | 6e 67 74 6f 6e 2e 65 64 |@u.washi|ngton.ed|
|00002010| 75 20 28 4a 65 66 66 20 | 42 65 65 67 68 6c 79 29 |u (Jeff |Beeghly)|
|00002020| 0d 53 75 62 6a 65 63 74 | 3a 20 4d 65 6d 6f 72 79 |.Subject|: Memory|
|00002030| 20 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 6d | 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 74 | managem|ent in t|
|00002040| 68 65 20 52 65 61 6c 20 | 57 6f 72 6c 64 2c 20 70 |he Real |World, p|
|00002050| 61 72 74 20 32 0d 44 61 | 74 65 3a 20 31 38 20 4f |art 2.Da|te: 18 O|
|00002060| 63 74 20 31 39 39 34 20 | 31 36 3a 34 36 3a 35 36 |ct 1994 |16:46:56|
|00002070| 20 47 4d 54 0d 4f 72 67 | 61 6e 69 7a 61 74 69 6f | GMT.Org|anizatio|
|00002080| 6e 3a 20 55 6e 69 76 65 | 72 73 69 74 79 20 6f 66 |n: Unive|rsity of|
|00002090| 20 57 61 73 68 69 6e 67 | 74 6f 6e 0d 0d 0d 49 20 | Washing|ton...I |
|000020a0| 77 61 73 20 73 70 65 61 | 6b 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 |was spea|king wit|
|000020b0| 68 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 | 20 6d 79 20 63 6f 2d 77 |h one of| my co-w|
|000020c0| 6f 72 6b 65 72 73 20 74 | 6f 64 61 79 20 61 62 6f |orkers t|oday abo|
|000020d0| 75 74 20 68 61 76 69 6e | 67 20 74 6f 20 64 65 61 |ut havin|g to dea|
|000020e0| 6c 20 77 69 74 68 0d 68 | 61 6e 64 6c 65 73 2c 20 |l with.h|andles, |
|000020f0| 4d 6f 72 65 4d 61 73 74 | 65 72 73 2c 20 65 74 63 |MoreMast|ers, etc|
|00002100| 2e 2e 2e 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 4d 61 63 2e 20 |... on t|he Mac. |
|00002110| 20 49 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 6e 20 | I come |from an |
|00002120| 41 4e 53 49 2d 43 0d 62 | 61 63 6b 67 72 6f 75 6e |ANSI-C.b|ackgroun|
|00002130| 64 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6d | 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 63 6f |d and am| more co|
|00002140| 6d 66 6f 72 74 61 62 6c | 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 |mfortabl|e with p|
|00002150| 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 73 2e | 20 20 49 20 66 65 65 6c |ointers.|  I feel|
|00002160| 20 73 6f 6d 65 77 68 61 | 74 0d 63 6f 6d 66 6f 72 | somewha|t.comfor|
|00002170| 74 61 62 6c 65 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 68 61 6e 64 6c |table wi|th handl|
|00002180| 65 73 2c 20 62 75 74 20 | 74 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 |es, but |there ar|
|00002190| 65 20 6c 6f 74 73 20 6f | 66 20 22 42 72 69 63 6b |e lots o|f "Brick|
|000021a0| 20 57 61 6c 6c 73 22 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 49 0d | Walls" |which I.|
|000021b0| 61 6d 20 65 6e 63 6f 75 | 6e 74 65 72 69 6e 67 20 |am encou|ntering |
|000021c0| 2d 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 6c | 69 6e 6b 65 64 20 6c 69 |- like l|inked li|
|000021d0| 73 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 63 |sts, and| the fac|
|000021e0| 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 | 6f 75 20 6e 65 65 64 20 |t that y|ou need |
|000021f0| 74 6f 0d 70 72 65 2d 64 | 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 |to.pre-d|etermine|
|00002200| 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 78 | 69 6d 75 6d 20 6e 75 6d | the max|imum num|
|00002210| 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 68 | 61 6e 64 6c 65 73 20 74 |ber of h|andles t|
|00002220| 68 65 20 61 70 70 20 57 | 49 4c 4c 20 45 56 45 52 |he app W|ILL EVER|
|00002230| 20 6e 65 65 64 20 61 74 | 0d 74 68 65 20 62 65 67 | need at|.the beg|
|00002240| 69 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |inning o|f the pr|
|00002250| 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e 20 20 | 48 65 20 74 6f 6c 64 20 |ogram.  |He told |
|00002260| 6d 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 |me that |Windows |
|00002270| 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 0d | 62 65 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 |used to.|be like |
|00002280| 74 68 65 20 4d 61 63 20 | 28 68 65 27 73 20 61 20 |the Mac |(he's a |
|00002290| 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d |Windows |programm|
|000022a0| 65 72 29 20 69 6e 20 74 | 65 72 6d 73 20 6f 66 20 |er) in t|erms of |
|000022b0| 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 6d | 61 6e 61 67 65 6d 65 6e |memory m|anagemen|
|000022c0| 74 3a 0d 65 76 65 72 79 | 74 68 69 6e 67 20 6e 65 |t:.every|thing ne|
|000022d0| 65 64 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 62 65 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 |eded to |be done |
|000022e0| 77 69 74 68 20 68 61 6e | 64 6c 65 73 20 28 62 65 |with han|dles (be|
|000022f0| 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 |cause th|e memory|
|00002300| 20 77 61 73 20 62 65 69 | 6e 67 20 6d 6f 76 65 64 | was bei|ng moved|
|00002310| 0d 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 29 | 20 75 70 20 75 6e 74 69 |.around)| up unti|
|00002320| 6c 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 | 73 20 33 2e 31 2e 20 20 |l Window|s 3.1.  |
|00002330| 49 6e 20 33 2e 31 2c 20 | 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 |In 3.1, |Windows |
|00002340| 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 | 20 72 75 6e 20 69 6e 20 |could be| run in |
|00002350| 77 68 61 74 27 73 0d 6b | 6e 6f 77 6e 20 61 73 20 |what's.k|nown as |
|00002360| 50 72 6f 74 65 63 74 65 | 64 20 4d 65 6d 6f 72 79 |Protecte|d Memory|
|00002370| 20 4d 6f 64 65 2e 0d 20 | 0d 49 6e 20 50 72 6f 74 | Mode.. |.In Prot|
|00002380| 65 63 74 65 64 20 4d 65 | 6d 6f 72 79 20 4d 6f 64 |ected Me|mory Mod|
|00002390| 65 2c 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 6d 65 72 73 20 64 |e, progr|ammers d|
|000023a0| 69 64 6e 27 74 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 74 6f 20 77 6f |idn't ha|ve to wo|
|000023b0| 72 72 79 20 61 62 6f 75 | 74 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 |rry abou|t handle|
|000023c0| 73 0d 2d 20 74 68 65 79 | 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 6a |s.- they| could j|
|000023d0| 75 73 74 20 75 73 65 20 | 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 73 |ust use |pointers|
|000023e0| 2e 20 20 59 65 73 2c 20 | 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 69 |.  Yes, |memory i|
|000023f0| 73 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 | 62 65 69 6e 67 20 6d 6f |s still |being mo|
|00002400| 76 65 64 20 61 72 6f 75 | 6e 64 0d 74 6f 20 63 6f |ved arou|nd.to co|
|00002410| 6d 70 61 63 74 20 73 70 | 61 63 65 2c 20 62 75 74 |mpact sp|ace, but|
|00002420| 20 69 6e 20 50 4d 4d 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 48 41 52 | in PMM,| the HAR|
|00002430| 44 57 41 52 45 20 69 73 | 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 69 6e |DWARE is| handlin|
|00002440| 67 20 74 68 65 20 6d 65 | 6d 6f 72 79 20 6d 61 6e |g the me|mory man|
|00002450| 61 67 65 6d 65 6e 74 2e | 0d 20 0d 50 72 6f 67 72 |agement.|. .Progr|
|00002460| 61 6d 6d 65 72 73 20 63 | 61 6e 20 6a 75 73 74 20 |ammers c|an just |
|00002470| 75 73 65 20 70 6f 69 6e | 74 65 72 73 2e 20 20 54 |use poin|ters.  T|
|00002480| 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 | 65 72 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 |he point|er point|
|00002490| 73 20 74 6f 20 61 20 6c | 6f 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c |s to a l|ocation,|
|000024a0| 20 61 6e 64 0d 74 68 61 | 74 20 6c 6f 63 61 74 69 | and.tha|t locati|
|000024b0| 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 62 65 | 69 6e 67 20 68 61 6e 64 |on is be|ing hand|
|000024c0| 6c 65 64 20 62 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 68 61 72 64 77 |led be t|he hardw|
|000024d0| 61 72 65 20 28 69 66 20 | 49 20 75 6e 64 65 72 73 |are (if |I unders|
|000024e0| 74 61 6e 64 20 6d 79 20 | 66 72 69 65 6e 64 0d 63 |tand my |friend.c|
|000024f0| 6f 72 72 65 63 74 6c 79 | 29 2e 20 20 49 66 20 74 |orrectly|).  If t|
|00002500| 68 65 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 | 79 20 6e 65 65 64 73 20 |he memor|y needs |
|00002510| 74 6f 20 62 65 20 6d 6f | 76 65 64 20 61 72 6f 75 |to be mo|ved arou|
|00002520| 6e 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 68 61 72 64 77 61 72 65 |nd, the |hardware|
|00002530| 20 6b 65 65 70 73 20 74 | 72 61 63 6b 0d 6f 66 20 | keeps t|rack.of |
|00002540| 65 76 65 72 79 74 68 69 | 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |everythi|ng and t|
|00002550| 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 6d 65 72 20 64 6f |he progr|ammer do|
|00002560| 65 73 6e 27 74 20 6e 65 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 77 6f |esn't ne|ed to wo|
|00002570| 72 72 79 20 61 62 6f 75 | 74 20 69 74 2e 0d 20 0d |rry abou|t it.. .|
|00002580| 4d 79 20 66 72 69 65 6e | 64 20 28 74 68 65 20 57 |My frien|d (the W|
|00002590| 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 |indows p|rogramme|
|000025a0| 72 29 20 73 61 69 64 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 49 20 73 |r) said |that I s|
|000025b0| 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 73 65 | 65 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 |hould se|e if the|
|000025c0| 20 4d 61 63 73 0d 68 61 | 76 65 20 61 6e 79 74 68 | Macs.ha|ve anyth|
|000025d0| 69 6e 67 20 6c 69 6b 65 | 20 74 68 69 73 2e 20 20 |ing like| this.  |
|000025e0| 4d 61 79 62 65 20 6e 6f | 74 20 74 68 65 20 36 38 |Maybe no|t the 68|
|000025f0| 30 30 30 20 6d 61 63 73 | 20 62 75 74 20 6d 61 79 |000 macs| but may|
|00002600| 62 65 20 74 68 65 20 36 | 38 30 33 30 20 26 0d 36 |be the 6|8030 &.6|
|00002610| 38 30 34 30 2e 20 20 48 | 65 20 73 61 69 64 20 74 |8040.  H|e said t|
|00002620| 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 6d 61 63 20 63 68 69 70 |hat the |mac chip|
|00002630| 73 20 61 72 65 20 72 65 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 64 76 |s are re|ally adv|
|00002640| 61 6e 63 65 64 20 61 6e | 64 20 68 65 20 77 6f 75 |anced an|d he wou|
|00002650| 6c 64 20 62 65 0d 73 75 | 72 70 72 69 73 65 64 20 |ld be.su|rprised |
|00002660| 69 66 20 74 68 65 79 20 | 64 69 64 6e 27 74 20 68 |if they |didn't h|
|00002670| 61 76 65 20 69 74 20 28 | 66 6f 72 20 61 20 57 69 |ave it (|for a Wi|
|00002680| 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 |ndows pr|ogrammer|
|00002690| 2c 20 68 65 20 77 61 73 | 20 76 65 72 79 0d 73 75 |, he was| very.su|
|000026a0| 70 70 6f 72 74 69 76 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |pportive| of the |
|000026b0| 4d 61 63 29 2e 0d 20 0d | 4e 6f 77 2c 20 49 20 64 |Mac).. .|Now, I d|
|000026c0| 6f 6e 27 74 20 77 61 6e | 74 20 74 6f 20 73 74 61 |on't wan|t to sta|
|000026d0| 72 74 20 61 6e 79 20 57 | 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 76 |rt any W|indows v|
|000026e0| 73 20 4d 61 63 20 64 65 | 62 61 74 65 73 2c 20 49 |s Mac de|bates, I|
|000026f0| 20 77 61 73 20 6a 75 73 | 74 0d 77 6f 6e 64 65 72 | was jus|t.wonder|
|00002700| 69 6e 67 20 69 66 20 74 | 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 |ing if t|here is |
|00002710| 61 20 4d 61 63 20 65 71 | 75 69 76 61 6c 65 6e 74 |a Mac eq|uivalent|
|00002720| 20 6f 66 20 50 72 6f 74 | 65 63 74 65 64 20 4d 65 | of Prot|ected Me|
|00002730| 6d 6f 72 79 20 4d 6f 64 | 65 3f 0d 20 0d 0d 0d 2b |mory Mod|e?. ...+|
|00002740| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |++++++++|++++++++|
|00002750| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 0d 0d 3e 46 72 6f |++++++++|++..>Fro|
|00002760| 6d 20 6d 68 6c 40 69 63 | 66 2e 68 72 62 2e 63 6f |m mhl@ic|f.hrb.co|
|00002770| 6d 20 28 4d 41 52 4b 20 | 48 2e 20 4c 49 4e 54 4f |m (MARK |H. LINTO|
|00002780| 4e 29 0d 44 61 74 65 3a | 20 31 38 20 4f 63 74 20 |N).Date:| 18 Oct |
|00002790| 39 34 20 31 37 3a 31 38 | 3a 31 30 20 45 53 54 0d |94 17:18|:10 EST.|
|000027a0| 4f 72 67 61 6e 69 7a 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 48 52 |Organiza|tion: HR|
|000027b0| 42 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d | 73 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 0d |B System|s, Inc..|
|000027c0| 0d 49 6e 20 61 72 74 69 | 63 6c 65 20 3c 33 38 31 |.In arti|cle <381|
|000027d0| 35 33 38 24 66 73 63 40 | 64 61 72 74 76 61 78 2e |538$fsc@|dartvax.|
|000027e0| 64 61 72 74 6d 6f 75 74 | 68 2e 65 64 75 3e 2c 20 |dartmout|h.edu>, |
|000027f0| 45 72 69 63 20 4b 69 64 | 64 20 3c 65 6d 6b 40 64 |Eric Kid|d <emk@d|
|00002800| 61 72 74 6d 6f 75 74 68 | 2e 65 64 75 3e 20 77 72 |artmouth|.edu> wr|
|00002810| 69 74 65 73 3a 0d 3e 20 | 49 6e 20 61 72 74 69 63 |ites:.> |In artic|
|00002820| 6c 65 20 3c 33 38 30 75 | 36 30 24 6c 6d 76 40 6e |le <380u|60$lmv@n|
|00002830| 6e 74 70 31 2e 75 2e 77 | 61 73 68 69 6e 67 74 6f |ntp1.u.w|ashingto|
|00002840| 6e 2e 65 64 75 3e 20 4a | 65 66 66 20 42 65 65 67 |n.edu> J|eff Beeg|
|00002850| 68 6c 79 2c 0d 3e 20 6a | 62 65 65 67 68 6c 79 40 |hly,.> j|beeghly@|
|00002860| 75 2e 77 61 73 68 69 6e | 67 74 6f 6e 2e 65 64 75 |u.washin|gton.edu|
|00002870| 20 77 72 69 74 65 73 3a | 0d 3e 3e 49 20 77 61 73 | writes:|.>>I was|
|00002880| 20 73 70 65 61 6b 69 6e | 67 20 77 69 74 68 20 6f | speakin|g with o|
|00002890| 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 6d 79 | 20 63 6f 2d 77 6f 72 6b |ne of my| co-work|
|000028a0| 65 72 73 20 74 6f 64 61 | 79 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 |ers toda|y about |
|000028b0| 68 61 76 69 6e 67 20 74 | 6f 20 64 65 61 6c 20 77 |having t|o deal w|
|000028c0| 69 74 68 0d 3e 3e 68 61 | 6e 64 6c 65 73 2c 20 4d |ith.>>ha|ndles, M|
|000028d0| 6f 72 65 4d 61 73 74 65 | 72 73 2c 20 65 74 63 2e |oreMaste|rs, etc.|
|000028e0| 2e 2e 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 4d 61 63 2e 20 20 |.. on th|e Mac.  |
|000028f0| 49 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 61 6e 20 41 |I come f|rom an A|
|00002900| 4e 53 49 2d 43 0d 3e 3e | 62 61 63 6b 67 72 6f 75 |NSI-C.>>|backgrou|
|00002910| 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | 6d 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 63 |nd and a|m more c|
|00002920| 6f 6d 66 6f 72 74 61 62 | 6c 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 |omfortab|le with |
|00002930| 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 73 | 2e 20 20 49 20 66 65 65 |pointers|.  I fee|
|00002940| 6c 20 73 6f 6d 65 77 68 | 61 74 0d 3e 3e 63 6f 6d |l somewh|at.>>com|
|00002950| 66 6f 72 74 61 62 6c 65 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 68 61 |fortable| with ha|
|00002960| 6e 64 6c 65 73 2c 20 62 | 75 74 20 74 68 65 72 65 |ndles, b|ut there|
|00002970| 20 61 72 65 20 6c 6f 74 | 73 20 6f 66 20 22 42 72 | are lot|s of "Br|
|00002980| 69 63 6b 20 57 61 6c 6c | 73 22 20 77 68 69 63 68 |ick Wall|s" which|
|00002990| 20 49 0d 3e 3e 61 6d 20 | 65 6e 63 6f 75 6e 74 65 | I.>>am |encounte|
|000029a0| 72 69 6e 67 20 2d 20 6c | 69 6b 65 20 6c 69 6e 6b |ring - l|ike link|
|000029b0| 65 64 20 6c 69 73 74 73 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 |ed lists|, and th|
|000029c0| 65 20 66 61 63 74 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20 |e fact t|hat you |
|000029d0| 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f 0d | 3e 3e 70 72 65 2d 64 65 |need to.|>>pre-de|
|000029e0| 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 6d 61 78 69 |termine |the maxi|
|000029f0| 6d 75 6d 20 6e 75 6d 62 | 65 72 20 6f 66 20 68 61 |mum numb|er of ha|
|00002a00| 6e 64 6c 65 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 70 70 20 57 49 |ndles th|e app WI|
|00002a10| 4c 4c 20 45 56 45 52 20 | 6e 65 65 64 20 61 74 0d |LL EVER |need at.|
|00002a20| 3e 3e 74 68 65 20 62 65 | 67 69 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 |>>the be|ginning |
|00002a30| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e 0d |of the p|rogram..|
|00002a40| 3e 20 0d 3e 20 5b 69 6e | 74 65 72 65 73 74 69 6e |> .> [in|terestin|
|00002a50| 67 20 69 64 65 61 20 72 | 65 3a 20 57 69 6e 64 6f |g idea r|e: Windo|
|00002a60| 77 73 20 73 6e 69 70 70 | 65 64 5d 0d 3e 0d 3e 20 |ws snipp|ed].>.> |
|00002a70| 59 6f 75 20 64 6f 6e 27 | 74 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 |You don'|t need t|
|00002a80| 6f 20 77 6f 72 72 79 20 | 61 62 6f 75 74 20 66 69 |o worry |about fi|
|00002a90| 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 79 6f | 75 72 20 6d 61 73 74 65 |lling yo|ur maste|
|00002aa0| 72 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 | 72 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 73 |r pointe|r blocks|
|00002ab0| 2e 20 4e 65 77 20 6f 6e | 65 73 0d 3e 20 77 69 6c |. New on|es.> wil|
|00002ac0| 6c 20 62 65 20 61 75 74 | 6f 6d 61 74 69 63 61 6c |l be aut|omatical|
|00002ad0| 6c 79 20 61 6c 6c 6f 63 | 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 |ly alloc|ated by |
|00002ae0| 74 68 65 20 4d 65 6d 6f | 72 79 20 4d 61 6e 61 67 |the Memo|ry Manag|
|00002af0| 65 72 20 69 66 20 79 6f | 75 20 64 65 63 6c 61 72 |er if yo|u declar|
|00002b00| 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 0d 3e | 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 73 |e more.>| handles|
|00002b10| 20 74 68 61 6e 20 79 6f | 75 20 68 61 64 20 65 78 | than yo|u had ex|
|00002b20| 70 65 63 74 65 64 20 77 | 68 65 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 |pected w|hen you |
|00002b30| 77 65 72 65 20 6d 61 6b | 69 6e 67 20 79 6f 75 72 |were mak|ing your|
|00002b40| 20 4d 6f 72 65 4d 61 73 | 74 65 72 73 20 63 61 6c | MoreMas|ters cal|
|00002b50| 6c 73 2e 0d 3e 20 0d 3e | 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 69 |ls..> .>| There i|
|00002b60| 73 20 61 20 63 61 74 63 | 68 2c 20 68 6f 77 65 76 |s a catc|h, howev|
|00002b70| 65 72 3a 20 74 68 65 73 | 65 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 73 |er: thes|e blocks|
|00002b80| 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 6e | 2d 72 65 6c 6f 63 61 74 | are non|-relocat|
|00002b90| 61 62 6c 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 77 69 6c 6c 0d 3e 20 |able and| will.> |
|00002ba0| 66 72 61 67 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 79 6f 75 72 20 68 65 |fragment| your he|
|00002bb0| 61 70 20 69 66 20 74 68 | 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 6e |ap if th|ey are n|
|00002bc0| 6f 74 20 61 6c 6c 6f 63 | 61 74 65 64 20 61 74 20 |ot alloc|ated at |
|00002bd0| 6f 6e 65 20 65 6e 64 20 | 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 6f |one end |or the o|
|00002be0| 74 68 65 72 2e 20 54 6f | 0d 3e 20 61 76 6f 69 64 |ther. To|.> avoid|
|00002bf0| 20 74 68 69 73 2c 20 4d | 61 63 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | this, M|ac progr|
|00002c00| 61 6d 73 20 74 72 79 20 | 74 6f 20 67 75 65 73 73 |ams try |to guess|
|00002c10| 20 61 20 22 6e 6f 72 6d | 61 6c 20 6d 61 78 69 6d | a "norm|al maxim|
|00002c20| 75 6d 20 23 20 6f 66 20 | 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 73 22 |um # of |handles"|
|00002c30| 20 61 74 0d 3e 20 69 6e | 69 74 69 61 6c 69 7a 61 | at.> in|itializa|
|00002c40| 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 69 6d | 65 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 |tion tim|e. This |
|00002c50| 69 73 20 77 68 61 74 20 | 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 |is what |you are |
|00002c60| 64 65 61 6c 69 6e 67 20 | 77 69 74 68 2c 20 6e 6f |dealing |with, no|
|00002c70| 74 20 61 6e 20 61 62 73 | 6f 6c 75 74 65 0d 3e 20 |t an abs|olute.> |
|00002c80| 6c 69 6d 69 74 2e 0d 3e | 20 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |limit..>| ..     |
|00002c90| 20 20 20 45 72 69 63 20 | 28 61 6e 64 20 4a 65 66 |   Eric |(and Jef|
|00002ca0| 66 2c 20 68 65 6c 6c 6f | 20 61 67 61 69 6e 20 3b |f, hello| again ;|
|00002cb0| 5e 29 2c 0d 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 4d 61 79 |^),..   |     May|
|00002cc0| 62 65 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 79 73 74 65 72 79 20 73 |be the m|ystery s|
|00002cd0| 75 72 72 6f 75 6e 64 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 48 |urroundi|ng the H|
|00002ce0| 61 6e 64 6c 65 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 4d 61 63 |andle in| the Mac|
|00002cf0| 69 6e 74 6f 73 68 20 77 | 6f 72 6c 64 0d 20 20 20 |intosh w|orld.   |
|00002d00| 20 20 20 20 20 69 73 20 | 72 65 61 6c 6c 79 20 74 |     is |really t|
|00002d10| 68 65 20 70 75 7a 7a 6c | 65 72 2e 20 45 61 73 79 |he puzzl|er. Easy|
|00002d20| 20 77 61 79 20 61 72 6f | 75 6e 64 20 69 74 3f 20 | way aro|und it? |
|00002d30| 55 73 65 20 4e 65 77 50 | 74 72 20 69 6e 73 74 65 |Use NewP|tr inste|
|00002d40| 61 64 20 6f 66 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 4e 65 |ad of.  |      Ne|
|00002d50| 77 48 61 6e 64 6c 65 2e | 20 49 66 20 61 6c 6c 20 |wHandle.| If all |
|00002d60| 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 | 74 72 79 69 6e 67 20 74 |you are |trying t|
|00002d70| 6f 20 64 6f 20 69 73 20 | 6d 61 6b 65 20 61 20 6c |o do is |make a l|
|00002d80| 69 6e 6b 65 64 20 6c 69 | 73 74 2c 0d 20 20 20 20 |inked li|st,.    |
|00002d90| 20 20 20 20 74 68 65 72 | 65 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 |    ther|e is no |
|00002da0| 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 6d 75 64 64 79 20 74 68 |need to |muddy th|
|00002db0| 65 20 77 61 74 65 72 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 48 |e water |with a H|
|00002dc0| 61 6e 64 6c 65 20 62 61 | 73 65 64 0d 20 20 20 20 |andle ba|sed.    |
|00002dd0| 20 20 20 20 73 6f 6c 75 | 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 4e 6f |    solu|tion. No|
|00002de0| 77 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 | 20 61 72 65 20 75 73 69 |w if you| are usi|
|00002df0| 6e 67 20 61 20 54 6f 6f | 6c 42 6f 78 20 63 61 6c |ng a Too|lBox cal|
|00002e00| 6c 20 28 74 68 61 74 20 | 77 61 73 20 64 65 73 69 |l (that |was desi|
|00002e10| 67 6e 65 64 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 74 6f 20 |gned.   |     to |
|00002e20| 72 75 6e 20 6f 6e 20 61 | 20 6d 61 63 68 69 6e 65 |run on a| machine|
|00002e30| 20 74 68 61 74 20 68 61 | 64 20 31 32 38 6b 20 6f | that ha|d 128k o|
|00002e40| 66 20 52 41 4d 29 20 74 | 68 65 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 |f RAM) t|hen you |
|00002e50| 6d 61 79 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 74 6f 0d 20 20 20 20 |may have| to.    |
|00002e60| 20 20 20 20 75 73 65 20 | 61 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 |    use |a handle|
|00002e70| 2c 20 62 75 74 20 79 6f | 75 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f |, but yo|u are no|
|00002e80| 74 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 75 73 |t requir|ed to us|
|00002e90| 65 20 74 68 65 6d 20 69 | 6e 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6f |e them i|n your o|
|00002ea0| 77 6e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 64 61 74 61 20 |wn.     |   data |
|00002eb0| 74 79 70 65 73 2e 0d 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |types...|        |
|00002ec0| 41 73 20 66 61 72 20 61 | 73 20 6e 69 66 74 79 20 |As far a|s nifty |
|00002ed0| 77 61 79 73 20 74 6f 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 |ways to |control |
|00002ee0| 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 2c 20 | 79 6f 75 20 72 65 61 6c |memory, |you real|
|00002ef0| 6c 79 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 74 6f 20 67 65 74 0d 20 |ly have |to get. |
|00002f00| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 49 | 6e 73 69 64 65 20 4d 61 |       I|nside Ma|
|00002f10| 63 69 6e 74 6f 73 68 3a | 20 4d 65 6d 6f 72 79 2e |cintosh:| Memory.|
|00002f20| 20 57 68 61 74 20 61 72 | 65 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 69 | What ar|e you mi|
|00002f30| 73 73 69 6e 67 20 69 66 | 20 79 6f 75 20 64 6f 6e |ssing if| you don|
|00002f40| 27 74 3f 0d 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 6f 20 4d |'t?..   |     o M|
|00002f50| 75 6c 74 69 70 6c 65 20 | 68 65 61 70 73 2f 68 65 |ultiple |heaps/he|
|00002f60| 61 70 20 7a 6f 6e 65 73 | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ap zones|.       |
|00002f70| 20 6f 20 54 65 6d 70 6f | 72 61 72 79 20 4d 65 6d | o Tempo|rary Mem|
|00002f80| 6f 72 79 20 2d 20 61 6c | 6c 6f 77 73 20 79 6f 75 |ory - al|lows you|
|00002f90| 20 74 6f 20 28 74 65 6d | 70 6f 72 61 72 69 6c 79 | to (tem|porarily|
|00002fa0| 29 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 | 20 6d 6f 72 65 0d 20 20 |) access| more.  |
|00002fb0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 74 |        |memory t|
|00002fc0| 68 61 6e 20 79 6f 75 72 | 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |han your| program|
|00002fd0| 20 69 73 20 61 6c 6c 6f | 63 61 74 65 64 0d 20 20 | is allo|cated.  |
|00002fe0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 6f 20 | 4d 6f 72 65 20 63 6f 6d |      o |More com|
|00002ff0| 70 6c 65 74 65 20 66 75 | 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |plete fu|nctions |
|00003000| 66 6f 72 20 61 73 73 65 | 73 73 69 6e 67 20 6d 65 |for asse|ssing me|
|00003010| 6d 6f 72 79 20 63 6f 6e | 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 73 3a |mory con|ditions:|
|00003020| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 2d 20 46 72 65 |.       |   - Fre|
|00003030| 65 4d 65 6d 2f 46 72 65 | 65 4d 65 6d 53 79 73 0d |eMem/Fre|eMemSys.|
|00003040| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 2d 20 4d 61 78 42 |        |  - MaxB|
|00003050| 6c 6f 63 6b 2f 4d 61 78 | 42 6c 6f 63 6b 53 79 73 |lock/Max|BlockSys|
|00003060| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 2d 20 50 75 72 |.       |   - Pur|
|00003070| 67 65 53 70 61 63 65 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |geSpace.|        |
|00003080| 20 20 2d 20 53 74 61 63 | 6b 53 70 61 63 65 0d 20 |  - Stac|kSpace. |
|00003090| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6f | 20 4d 6f 72 65 20 63 6f |       o| More co|
|000030a0| 6d 70 6c 65 73 65 20 66 | 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 |mplese f|unctions|
|000030b0| 20 66 6f 72 20 66 72 65 | 65 69 6e 67 20 6d 65 6d | for fre|eing mem|
|000030c0| 6f 72 79 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 2d 20 |ory.    |      - |
|000030d0| 43 6f 6d 70 61 63 74 4d | 65 6d 2f 43 6f 6d 70 61 |CompactM|em/Compa|
|000030e0| 63 74 4d 65 6d 53 79 73 | 20 2d 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 |ctMemSys| - compa|
|000030f0| 63 74 73 20 28 73 79 73 | 74 65 6d 29 20 68 65 61 |cts (sys|tem) hea|
|00003100| 70 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 2d 20 50 75 |p.      |    - Pu|
|00003110| 72 67 65 4d 65 6d 2f 50 | 75 72 67 65 4d 65 6d 53 |rgeMem/P|urgeMemS|
|00003120| 79 73 20 2d 20 70 75 72 | 67 65 73 20 28 73 79 73 |ys - pur|ges (sys|
|00003130| 74 65 6d 29 20 68 65 61 | 70 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |tem) hea|p.      |
|00003140| 20 20 20 20 2d 20 4d 61 | 78 4d 65 6d 2f 4d 61 78 |    - Ma|xMem/Max|
|00003150| 4d 65 6d 53 79 73 20 2d | 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 63 74 |MemSys -| compact|
|00003160| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 75 | 72 67 65 73 20 28 73 79 |s and pu|rges (sy|
|00003170| 73 74 65 6d 29 20 68 65 | 61 70 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |stem) he|ap.     |
|00003180| 20 20 20 6f 20 56 69 72 | 74 75 61 6c 20 4d 65 6d |   o Vir|tual Mem|
|00003190| 6f 72 79 0d 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 4a 65 66 |ory..   |     Jef|
|000031a0| 66 20 73 61 69 64 20 68 | 65 20 64 69 64 6e 27 74 |f said h|e didn't|
|000031b0| 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 6f | 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 61 | want to| start a|
|000031c0| 20 4d 61 63 2f 57 69 6e | 64 6f 77 73 20 66 6c 61 | Mac/Win|dows fla|
|000031d0| 6d 65 20 77 61 72 2c 20 | 73 6f 20 49 0d 20 20 20 |me war, |so I.   |
|000031e0| 20 20 20 20 20 77 6f 6e | 27 74 20 73 61 79 20 77 |     won|'t say w|
|000031f0| 68 61 74 20 49 20 74 68 | 69 6e 6b 20 6f 66 20 65 |hat I th|ink of e|
|00003200| 78 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 | 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 2e 0d |xtended |memory..|
|00003210| 0d 2d 2d 20 0d 48 6f 70 | 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 68 |.-- .Hop|e this h|
|00003220| 65 6c 70 73 2e 0d 0d 4d | 61 72 6b 20 48 2e 20 4c |elps...M|ark H. L|
|00003230| 69 6e 74 6f 6e 0d 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |inton.__|________|
|00003240| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________|
|00003250| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________|
|00003260| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________|
|00003270| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 0d 6d 61 72 6b 20 |________|__.mark |
|00003280| 5c 27 6d e4 72 6b 5c 20 | 6e 20 5b 4d 45 2c 20 66 |\'m.rk\ |n [ME, f|
|00003290| 72 2e 20 4f 45 20 6d 65 | 61 72 63 20 62 6f 75 6e |r. OE me|arc boun|
|000032a0| 64 61 72 79 2c 20 6d 61 | 72 63 68 2c 20 73 69 67 |dary, ma|rch, sig|
|000032b0| 6e 3b 20 61 6b 69 6e 20 | 74 6f 20 4f 48 47 0d 6d |n; akin |to OHG.m|
|000032c0| 61 72 68 61 20 62 6f 75 | 6e 64 61 72 79 2c 20 4c |arha bou|ndary, L|
|000032d0| 20 6d 61 72 67 6f 5d 20 | 31 20 61 20 3a 20 61 20 | margo] |1 a : a |
|000032e0| 63 6f 6e 73 70 69 63 75 | 6f 75 73 20 6f 62 6a 65 |conspicu|ous obje|
|000032f0| 63 74 20 73 65 72 76 69 | 6e 67 20 61 73 20 61 20 |ct servi|ng as a |
|00003300| 67 75 69 64 65 0d 66 6f | 72 20 74 72 61 76 65 6c |guide.fo|r travel|
|00003310| 65 72 73 20 32 20 3a 20 | 41 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 |ers 2 : |A standa|
|00003320| 72 64 20 6f 72 20 63 72 | 69 74 65 72 69 6f 6e 20 |rd or cr|iterion |
|00003330| 6f 66 20 71 75 61 6c 69 | 74 79 20 33 20 3a 20 41 |of quali|ty 3 : A|
|00003340| 6e 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 20 6f 72 0d 70 6f 69 6e |n object| or.poin|
|00003350| 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 | 65 72 76 65 73 20 61 73 |t that s|erves as|
|00003360| 20 61 20 67 75 69 64 65 | 20 2d 2d 69 64 69 6f 6d | a guide| --idiom|
|00003370| 2e 20 6d 61 72 6b 20 74 | 69 6d 65 2e 20 31 20 3a |. mark t|ime. 1 :|
|00003380| 20 54 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 | 20 6c 69 74 74 6c 65 20 | To make| little |
|00003390| 6f 72 0d 6e 6f 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 65 73 73 0d 0d |or.no pr|ogress..|
|000033a0| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |++++++++|++++++++|
|000033b0| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 0d 0d 3e 46 72 |++++++++|+++..>Fr|
|000033c0| 6f 6d 20 6b 65 76 69 6e | 40 64 67 73 2e 64 67 73 |om kevin|@dgs.dgs|
|000033d0| 79 73 2e 63 6f 6d 20 28 | 4b 65 76 69 6e 20 56 61 |ys.com (|Kevin Va|
|000033e0| 69 6c 29 0d 44 61 74 65 | 3a 20 54 75 65 2c 20 31 |il).Date|: Tue, 1|
|000033f0| 38 20 4f 63 74 20 31 39 | 39 34 20 31 38 3a 31 30 |8 Oct 19|94 18:10|
|00003400| 3a 31 39 20 2d 30 34 30 | 30 0d 4f 72 67 61 6e 69 |:19 -040|0.Organi|
|00003410| 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 | 56 61 69 6c 68 61 6c 6c |zation: |Vailhall|
|00003420| 61 0d 0d 49 6e 20 61 72 | 74 69 63 6c 65 20 3c 33 |a..In ar|ticle <3|
|00003430| 38 30 75 36 30 24 6c 6d | 76 40 6e 6e 74 70 31 2e |80u60$lm|v@nntp1.|
|00003440| 75 2e 77 61 73 68 69 6e | 67 74 6f 6e 2e 65 64 75 |u.washin|gton.edu|
|00003450| 3e 2c 20 6a 62 65 65 67 | 68 6c 79 40 75 2e 77 61 |>, jbeeg|hly@u.wa|
|00003460| 73 68 69 6e 67 74 6f 6e | 2e 65 64 75 0d 28 4a 65 |shington|.edu.(Je|
|00003470| 66 66 20 42 65 65 67 68 | 6c 79 29 20 77 72 6f 74 |ff Beegh|ly) wrot|
|00003480| 65 3a 0d 0d 3e 49 20 77 | 61 73 20 73 70 65 61 6b |e:..>I w|as speak|
|00003490| 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 |ing with| one of |
|000034a0| 6d 79 20 63 6f 2d 77 6f | 72 6b 65 72 73 20 74 6f |my co-wo|rkers to|
|000034b0| 64 61 79 20 61 62 6f 75 | 74 20 68 61 76 69 6e 67 |day abou|t having|
|000034c0| 20 74 6f 20 64 65 61 6c | 20 77 69 74 68 0d 3e 68 | to deal| with.>h|
|000034d0| 61 6e 64 6c 65 73 2c 20 | 4d 6f 72 65 4d 61 73 74 |andles, |MoreMast|
|000034e0| 65 72 73 2c 20 65 74 63 | 2e 2e 2e 20 6f 6e 20 74 |ers, etc|... on t|
|000034f0| 68 65 20 4d 61 63 2e 20 | 20 49 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 |he Mac. | I come |
|00003500| 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 6e 20 | 41 4e 53 49 2d 43 0d 3e |from an |ANSI-C.>|
|00003510| 62 61 63 6b 67 72 6f 75 | 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 20 61 |backgrou|nd and a|
|00003520| 6d 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 63 | 6f 6d 66 6f 72 74 61 62 |m more c|omfortab|
|00003530| 6c 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 73 |le with |pointers|
|00003540| 2e 20 20 49 20 66 65 65 | 6c 20 73 6f 6d 65 77 68 |.  I fee|l somewh|
|00003550| 61 74 0d 3e 63 6f 6d 66 | 6f 72 74 61 62 6c 65 20 |at.>comf|ortable |
|00003560| 77 69 74 68 20 68 61 6e | 64 6c 65 73 2c 20 62 75 |with han|dles, bu|
|00003570| 74 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 | 61 72 65 20 6c 6f 74 73 |t there |are lots|
|00003580| 20 6f 66 20 22 42 72 69 | 63 6b 20 57 61 6c 6c 73 | of "Bri|ck Walls|
|00003590| 22 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | 49 0d 3e 61 6d 20 65 6e |" which |I.>am en|
|000035a0| 63 6f 75 6e 74 65 72 69 | 6e 67 20 2d 20 6c 69 6b |counteri|ng - lik|
|000035b0| 65 20 6c 69 6e 6b 65 64 | 20 6c 69 73 74 73 2c 20 |e linked| lists, |
|000035c0| 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 66 61 63 74 20 74 68 61 |and the |fact tha|
|000035d0| 74 20 79 6f 75 20 6e 65 | 65 64 20 74 6f 0d 3e 70 |t you ne|ed to.>p|
|000035e0| 72 65 2d 64 65 74 65 72 | 6d 69 6e 65 20 74 68 65 |re-deter|mine the|
|000035f0| 20 6d 61 78 69 6d 75 6d | 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 | maximum| number |
|00003600| 6f 66 20 68 61 6e 64 6c | 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 61 |of handl|es the a|
|00003610| 70 70 20 57 49 4c 4c 20 | 45 56 45 52 20 6e 65 65 |pp WILL |EVER nee|
|00003620| 64 20 61 74 0d 3e 74 68 | 65 20 62 65 67 69 6e 6e |d at.>th|e beginn|
|00003630| 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |ing of t|he progr|
|00003640| 61 6d 2e 20 20 48 65 20 | 74 6f 6c 64 20 6d 65 20 |am.  He |told me |
|00003650| 74 68 61 74 20 57 69 6e | 64 6f 77 73 20 75 73 65 |that Win|dows use|
|00003660| 64 20 74 6f 0d 3e 62 65 | 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 74 68 |d to.>be| like th|
|00003670| 65 20 4d 61 63 20 28 68 | 65 27 73 20 61 20 57 69 |e Mac (h|e's a Wi|
|00003680| 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 |ndows pr|ogrammer|
|00003690| 29 20 69 6e 20 74 65 72 | 6d 73 20 6f 66 20 6d 65 |) in ter|ms of me|
|000036a0| 6d 6f 72 79 20 6d 61 6e | 61 67 65 6d 65 6e 74 3a |mory man|agement:|
|000036b0| 0d 3e 65 76 65 72 79 74 | 68 69 6e 67 20 6e 65 65 |.>everyt|hing nee|
|000036c0| 64 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 | 65 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 77 |ded to b|e done w|
|000036d0| 69 74 68 20 68 61 6e 64 | 6c 65 73 20 28 62 65 63 |ith hand|les (bec|
|000036e0| 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 |ause the| memory |
|000036f0| 77 61 73 20 62 65 69 6e | 67 20 6d 6f 76 65 64 0d |was bein|g moved.|
|00003700| 3e 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 29 | 20 75 70 20 75 6e 74 69 |>around)| up unti|
|00003710| 6c 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 | 73 20 33 2e 31 2e 20 20 |l Window|s 3.1.  |
|00003720| 49 6e 20 33 2e 31 2c 20 | 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 |In 3.1, |Windows |
|00003730| 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 | 20 72 75 6e 20 69 6e 20 |could be| run in |
|00003740| 77 68 61 74 27 73 0d 3e | 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 61 73 |what's.>|known as|
|00003750| 20 50 72 6f 74 65 63 74 | 65 64 20 4d 65 6d 6f 72 | Protect|ed Memor|
|00003760| 79 20 4d 6f 64 65 2e 0d | 3e 20 0d 3e 49 6e 20 50 |y Mode..|> .>In P|
|00003770| 72 6f 74 65 63 74 65 64 | 20 4d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 |rotected| Memory |
|00003780| 4d 6f 64 65 2c 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 |Mode, pr|ogrammer|
|00003790| 73 20 64 69 64 6e 27 74 | 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 6f |s didn't| have to|
|000037a0| 20 77 6f 72 72 79 20 61 | 62 6f 75 74 20 68 61 6e | worry a|bout han|
|000037b0| 64 6c 65 73 0d 3e 2d 20 | 74 68 65 79 20 63 6f 75 |dles.>- |they cou|
|000037c0| 6c 64 20 6a 75 73 74 20 | 75 73 65 20 70 6f 69 6e |ld just |use poin|
|000037d0| 74 65 72 73 2e 20 20 59 | 65 73 2c 20 6d 65 6d 6f |ters.  Y|es, memo|
|000037e0| 72 79 20 69 73 20 73 74 | 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 69 6e |ry is st|ill bein|
|000037f0| 67 20 6d 6f 76 65 64 20 | 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 0d 3e |g moved |around.>|
|00003800| 74 6f 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 | 63 74 20 73 70 61 63 65 |to compa|ct space|
|00003810| 2c 20 62 75 74 20 69 6e | 20 50 4d 4d 2c 20 74 68 |, but in| PMM, th|
|00003820| 65 20 48 41 52 44 57 41 | 52 45 20 69 73 20 68 61 |e HARDWA|RE is ha|
|00003830| 6e 64 6c 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 |ndling t|he memor|
|00003840| 79 20 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 | 6d 65 6e 74 2e 0d 0d 54 |y manage|ment...T|
|00003850| 68 61 74 27 73 20 62 65 | 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 |hat's be|cause th|
|00003860| 65 20 75 6e 64 65 72 6c | 79 69 6e 67 20 68 61 72 |e underl|ying har|
|00003870| 64 77 61 72 65 20 28 38 | 30 33 38 36 20 6f 72 20 |dware (8|0386 or |
|00003880| 68 69 67 68 65 72 29 20 | 75 73 65 73 20 74 77 6f |higher) |uses two|
|00003890| 20 69 74 65 6d 73 20 74 | 6f 0d 6c 6f 63 61 74 65 | items t|o.locate|
|000038a0| 20 61 6e 79 20 70 69 65 | 63 65 20 6f 66 20 64 61 | any pie|ce of da|
|000038b0| 74 61 3a 20 61 20 53 45 | 4c 45 43 54 4f 52 20 28 |ta: a SE|LECTOR (|
|000038c0| 6f 72 20 22 73 65 67 6d | 65 6e 74 22 29 20 61 6e |or "segm|ent") an|
|000038d0| 64 20 61 6e 20 4f 46 46 | 53 45 54 20 69 6e 74 6f |d an OFF|SET into|
|000038e0| 20 74 68 65 0d 73 65 67 | 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 54 | the.seg|ment.  T|
|000038f0| 68 65 20 73 65 6c 65 63 | 74 6f 72 20 69 73 20 74 |he selec|tor is t|
|00003900| 77 6f 20 62 79 74 65 73 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6f 66 |wo bytes|, the of|
|00003910| 66 73 65 74 20 63 61 6e | 20 62 65 20 74 77 6f 20 |fset can| be two |
|00003920| 6f 72 20 66 6f 75 72 2e | 20 20 54 68 69 73 0d 68 |or four.|  This.h|
|00003930| 61 73 20 61 6c 77 61 79 | 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 68 |as alway|s been h|
|00003940| 6f 77 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 | 79 20 69 73 20 61 63 63 |ow memor|y is acc|
|00003950| 65 73 73 65 64 20 6f 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 38 30 2a |essed on| the 80*|
|00003960| 38 36 20 63 68 69 70 73 | 2c 20 62 75 74 20 69 6e |86 chips|, but in|
|00003970| 0d 6e 6f 6e 2d 70 72 6f | 74 65 63 74 65 64 20 6d |.non-pro|tected m|
|00003980| 6f 64 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 65 6c 65 63 74 6f 72 |ode the |selector|
|00003990| 20 70 61 72 74 20 69 73 | 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 | part is| called |
|000039a0| 74 68 65 20 22 73 65 67 | 6d 65 6e 74 22 20 61 6e |the "seg|ment" an|
|000039b0| 64 20 69 6e 64 69 63 61 | 74 65 73 0d 61 20 70 68 |d indica|tes.a ph|
|000039c0| 79 73 69 63 61 6c 20 6d | 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 73 65 |ysical m|emory se|
|000039d0| 67 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 64 | 64 72 65 73 73 20 28 61 |gment ad|dress (a|
|000039e0| 20 73 65 67 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 67 | segment| can beg|
|000039f0| 69 6e 20 61 74 20 61 6e | 79 0d 64 69 76 69 73 69 |in at an|y.divisi|
|00003a00| 62 6c 65 2d 62 79 2d 31 | 36 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 |ble-by-1|6 memory|
|00003a10| 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 | 29 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 20 | address|).  You |
|00003a20| 74 61 6b 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 65 67 6d 65 6e 74 |take the| segment|
|00003a30| 20 61 6e 64 20 73 68 69 | 66 74 20 69 74 20 66 6f | and shi|ft it fo|
|00003a40| 75 72 0d 62 69 74 73 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6c |ur.bits |to the l|
|00003a50| 65 66 74 20 61 6e 64 20 | 61 64 64 20 69 6e 20 74 |eft and |add in t|
|00003a60| 68 65 20 6f 66 66 73 65 | 74 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 |he offse|t.  This|
|00003a70| 20 67 69 76 65 73 20 79 | 6f 75 20 61 20 32 30 2d | gives y|ou a 20-|
|00003a80| 62 69 74 20 28 75 70 20 | 74 6f 20 31 0d 6d 65 67 |bit (up |to 1.meg|
|00003a90| 61 62 79 74 65 29 20 61 | 64 64 72 65 73 73 2e 0d |abyte) a|ddress..|
|00003aa0| 0d 49 6e 20 70 72 6f 74 | 65 63 74 65 64 20 6d 6f |.In prot|ected mo|
|00003ab0| 64 65 2c 20 68 6f 77 65 | 76 65 72 2c 20 74 68 65 |de, howe|ver, the|
|00003ac0| 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 6f | 72 20 62 65 61 72 73 20 | selecto|r bears |
|00003ad0| 6e 6f 20 72 65 6c 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 |no relat|ion to t|
|00003ae0| 68 65 20 70 68 79 73 69 | 63 61 6c 0d 6d 65 6d 6f |he physi|cal.memo|
|00003af0| 72 79 20 61 64 64 72 65 | 73 73 20 65 78 63 65 70 |ry addre|ss excep|
|00003b00| 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 68 61 72 64 77 |t that t|he hardw|
|00003b10| 61 72 65 20 75 73 65 73 | 20 69 74 20 61 73 20 61 |are uses| it as a|
|00003b20| 6e 20 69 6e 64 65 78 20 | 69 6e 74 6f 20 61 20 74 |n index |into a t|
|00003b30| 61 62 6c 65 0d 6f 66 20 | 70 68 79 73 69 63 61 6c |able.of |physical|
|00003b40| 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 | 65 73 2e 20 20 49 74 20 | address|es.  It |
|00003b50| 74 61 6b 65 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 62 65 67 69 6e 6e |takes th|e beginn|
|00003b60| 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 65 67 6d 65 |ing of t|he segme|
|00003b70| 6e 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 | 73 73 20 61 6e 64 0d 61 |nt addre|ss and.a|
|00003b80| 64 64 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 6f 66 66 73 65 74 20 74 |dds the |offset t|
|00003b90| 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 | 6f 20 67 69 76 65 20 74 |o that t|o give t|
|00003ba0| 68 65 20 61 63 74 75 61 | 6c 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 |he actua|l memory|
|00003bb0| 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 | 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 70 72 | address|.  In pr|
|00003bc0| 6f 74 65 63 74 65 64 0d | 6d 6f 64 65 2c 20 74 68 |otected.|mode, th|
|00003bd0| 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 34 20 67 69 67 61 62 |ere is a| 4 gigab|
|00003be0| 79 74 65 20 28 33 32 2d | 62 69 74 29 20 61 64 64 |yte (32-|bit) add|
|00003bf0| 72 65 73 73 20 73 70 61 | 63 65 2e 20 20 53 69 6e |ress spa|ce.  Sin|
|00003c00| 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 61 | 63 74 75 61 6c 0d 70 68 |ce the a|ctual.ph|
|00003c10| 79 73 69 63 61 6c 20 61 | 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 69 |ysical a|ddress i|
|00003c20| 73 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 73 | 74 6f 72 65 64 20 69 6e |s only s|tored in|
|00003c30| 20 74 68 65 20 74 61 62 | 6c 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 | the tab|le that |
|00003c40| 74 68 65 20 73 65 6c 65 | 63 74 6f 72 20 69 6e 64 |the sele|ctor ind|
|00003c50| 65 78 65 73 0d 69 6e 74 | 6f 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6f |exes.int|o, the o|
|00003c60| 70 65 72 61 74 69 6e 67 | 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 |perating| system |
|00003c70| 28 69 2e 65 2e 2c 20 57 | 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 29 20 |(i.e., W|indows) |
|00003c80| 63 61 6e 20 6d 6f 76 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 70 68 79 |can move| the phy|
|00003c90| 73 69 63 61 6c 20 6c 6f | 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 0d 61 |sical lo|cation.a|
|00003ca0| 72 6f 75 6e 64 3b 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |round; t|he progr|
|00003cb0| 61 6d 20 73 74 69 6c 6c | 20 75 73 65 73 20 74 68 |am still| uses th|
|00003cc0| 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 73 | 65 6c 65 63 74 6f 72 20 |e same s|elector |
|00003cd0| 74 6f 20 61 63 63 65 73 | 73 20 69 74 2e 0d 0d 54 |to acces|s it...T|
|00003ce0| 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 6e | 6f 74 20 70 6f 73 73 69 |his is n|ot possi|
|00003cf0| 62 6c 65 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 4d 61 63 20 62 |ble on t|he Mac b|
|00003d00| 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 4d 6f 74 6f 72 |ecause t|he Motor|
|00003d10| 6f 6c 61 20 36 38 30 2a | 30 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 |ola 680*|0 chips |
|00003d20| 75 73 65 20 61 0d 6c 69 | 6e 65 61 72 20 61 64 64 |use a.li|near add|
|00003d30| 72 65 73 73 20 73 70 61 | 63 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 |ress spa|ce with |
|00003d40| 6e 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 73 65 67 |none of |this seg|
|00003d50| 6d 65 6e 74 2f 73 65 6c | 65 63 74 6f 72 20 67 61 |ment/sel|ector ga|
|00003d60| 72 62 61 67 65 2e 20 20 | 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 0d |rbage.  |Windows.|
|00003d70| 68 61 73 20 61 6c 77 61 | 79 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 |has alwa|ys used |
|00003d80| 61 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 | 6f 72 2d 70 6c 75 73 2d |a select|or-plus-|
|00003d90| 6f 66 66 73 65 74 20 6d | 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 6d 6f |offset m|emory mo|
|00003da0| 64 65 6c 20 28 74 68 65 | 79 20 72 65 66 65 72 20 |del (the|y refer |
|00003db0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 0d 73 | 65 67 6d 65 6e 74 20 70 |to the.s|egment p|
|00003dc0| 61 72 74 20 61 73 20 61 | 20 22 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 |art as a| "handle|
|00003dd0| 22 29 3b 20 69 74 20 75 | 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 |"); it u|sed to b|
|00003de0| 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 | 6f 75 20 68 61 64 20 74 |e that y|ou had t|
|00003df0| 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 61 | 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 |o make a| Windows|
|00003e00| 0d 63 61 6c 6c 20 74 6f | 20 66 69 6e 64 20 74 68 |.call to| find th|
|00003e10| 65 20 2a 72 65 61 6c 2a | 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 |e *real*| memory |
|00003e20| 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 2c | 20 62 75 74 20 6e 6f 77 |address,| but now|
|00003e30| 20 69 74 27 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 61 6d 65 2c 20 | it's th|e same, |
|00003e40| 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 | 6f 66 0d 74 68 65 20 77 |because |of.the w|
|00003e50| 61 79 20 73 65 6c 65 63 | 74 6f 72 73 20 77 6f 72 |ay selec|tors wor|
|00003e60| 6b 20 69 6e 20 70 72 6f | 74 65 63 74 65 64 20 6d |k in pro|tected m|
|00003e70| 6f 64 65 2e 20 20 49 74 | 20 68 61 73 20 61 20 66 |ode.  It| has a f|
|00003e80| 65 77 20 61 64 76 61 6e | 74 61 67 65 73 20 69 6e |ew advan|tages in|
|00003e90| 0d 73 70 65 63 69 61 6c | 2d 70 75 72 70 6f 73 65 |.special|-purpose|
|00003ea0| 20 63 61 73 65 73 20 6c | 69 6b 65 20 57 69 6e 64 | cases l|ike Wind|
|00003eb0| 6f 77 73 20 6d 65 6d 6f | 72 79 20 61 6c 6c 6f 63 |ows memo|ry alloc|
|00003ec0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 62 | 75 74 20 69 6e 20 67 65 |ation, b|ut in ge|
|00003ed0| 6e 65 72 61 6c 20 69 74 | 27 73 0d 2a 6d 75 63 68 |neral it|'s.*much|
|00003ee0| 2a 20 65 61 73 69 65 72 | 20 74 6f 20 64 65 66 69 |* easier| to defi|
|00003ef0| 6e 65 20 61 6e 64 20 75 | 73 65 20 61 20 6c 69 6e |ne and u|se a lin|
|00003f00| 65 61 72 20 61 64 64 72 | 65 73 73 20 73 70 61 63 |ear addr|ess spac|
|00003f10| 65 2e 0d 0d 5b 73 6e 69 | 70 5d 0d 0d 3e 4e 6f 77 |e...[sni|p]..>Now|
|00003f20| 2c 20 49 20 64 6f 6e 27 | 74 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 |, I don'|t want t|
|00003f30| 6f 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 | 61 6e 79 20 57 69 6e 64 |o start |any Wind|
|00003f40| 6f 77 73 20 76 73 20 4d | 61 63 20 64 65 62 61 74 |ows vs M|ac debat|
|00003f50| 65 73 2c 20 49 20 77 61 | 73 20 6a 75 73 74 0d 3e |es, I wa|s just.>|
|00003f60| 77 6f 6e 64 65 72 69 6e | 67 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 |wonderin|g if the|
|00003f70| 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 20 | 4d 61 63 20 65 71 75 69 |re is a |Mac equi|
|00003f80| 76 61 6c 65 6e 74 20 6f | 66 20 50 72 6f 74 65 63 |valent o|f Protec|
|00003f90| 74 65 64 20 4d 65 6d 6f | 72 79 20 4d 6f 64 65 3f |ted Memo|ry Mode?|
|00003fa0| 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 73 68 | 6f 72 74 20 61 6e 73 77 |..The sh|ort answ|
|00003fb0| 65 72 20 69 73 20 4e 6f | 2c 20 6e 6f 74 20 69 6e |er is No|, not in|
|00003fc0| 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 6e | 73 65 20 79 6f 75 27 72 | the sen|se you'r|
|00003fd0| 65 20 74 61 6c 6b 69 6e | 67 20 61 62 6f 75 74 2e |e talkin|g about.|
|00003fe0| 20 20 28 54 68 65 20 4d | 4d 55 0d 69 6e 20 74 68 |  (The M|MU.in th|
|00003ff0| 65 20 36 38 30 33 30 20 | 61 6e 64 20 36 38 30 34 |e 68030 |and 6804|
|00004000| 30 20 69 73 20 63 61 70 | 61 62 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 |0 is cap|able of |
|00004010| 73 65 74 74 69 6e 67 20 | 75 70 20 70 72 6f 74 65 |setting |up prote|
|00004020| 63 74 65 64 20 6d 65 6d | 6f 72 79 20 72 65 67 69 |cted mem|ory regi|
|00004030| 6f 6e 73 2c 0d 62 75 74 | 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 |ons,.but| this is|
|00004040| 6e 27 74 20 75 73 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |n't used| in the |
|00004050| 4d 61 63 4f 53 2e 29 0d | 0d 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 |MacOS.).|.However|
|00004060| 2c 20 68 65 72 65 27 73 | 20 61 20 74 68 6f 75 67 |, here's| a thoug|
|00004070| 68 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 6d 61 79 62 65 20 74 68 |ht, and |maybe th|
|00004080| 69 73 20 69 73 20 77 68 | 61 74 20 41 70 70 6c 65 |is is wh|at Apple|
|00004090| 20 69 73 20 64 6f 69 6e | 67 20 69 6e 0d 43 6f 70 | is doin|g in.Cop|
|000040a0| 6c 61 6e 64 2d 2d 20 77 | 6f 75 6c 64 6e 27 74 20 |land-- w|ouldn't |
|000040b0| 69 74 20 62 65 20 70 6f | 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 |it be po|ssible t|
|000040c0| 6f 20 73 65 74 20 75 70 | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 65 6d |o set up| the mem|
|000040d0| 6f 72 79 20 73 6f 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 65 61 63 68 |ory so t|hat each|
|000040e0| 0d 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 20 68 61 64 20 69 74 73 |.program| had its|
|000040f0| 20 6f 77 6e 20 61 64 64 | 72 65 73 73 20 73 70 61 | own add|ress spa|
|00004100| 63 65 2c 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 73 |ce, with| the sys|
|00004110| 74 65 6d 20 68 65 61 70 | 20 73 6f 6d 65 68 6f 77 |tem heap| somehow|
|00004120| 20 73 68 61 72 65 64 3f | 20 20 49 0d 64 6f 6e 27 | shared?|  I.don'|
|00004130| 74 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 77 | 68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20 |t know w|hat you |
|00004140| 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 64 6f | 20 77 69 74 68 20 6c 6f |could do| with lo|
|00004150| 77 2d 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 | 20 67 6c 6f 62 61 6c 73 |w-memory| globals|
|00004160| 20 28 70 65 72 68 61 70 | 73 20 73 65 74 20 74 68 | (perhap|s set th|
|00004170| 65 6d 20 75 70 0d 73 6f | 20 65 61 63 68 20 70 72 |em up.so| each pr|
|00004180| 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 68 61 | 64 20 69 74 73 20 6f 77 |ogram ha|d its ow|
|00004190| 6e 20 63 6f 70 79 2c 20 | 6f 72 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 |n copy, |or make |
|000041a0| 74 68 65 6d 20 72 65 61 | 64 2d 6f 6e 6c 79 20 73 |them rea|d-only s|
|000041b0| 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 | 72 69 74 65 73 0d 63 61 |o that w|rites.ca|
|000041c0| 75 73 65 20 61 20 74 72 | 61 70 20 73 6f 20 74 68 |use a tr|ap so th|
|000041d0| 61 74 20 63 68 61 6e 67 | 65 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |at chang|es to th|
|000041e0| 65 20 6c 6f 77 2d 6d 65 | 6d 6f 72 79 20 73 74 75 |e low-me|mory stu|
|000041f0| 66 66 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 | 20 62 65 20 74 72 61 63 |ff could| be trac|
|00004200| 6b 65 64 20 62 79 0d 74 | 68 65 20 4f 53 29 20 61 |ked by.t|he OS) a|
|00004210| 6e 64 20 49 20 6b 6e 6f | 77 20 74 68 65 72 65 27 |nd I kno|w there'|
|00004220| 73 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | 73 74 75 66 66 2c 20 62 |s other |stuff, b|
|00004230| 75 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 | 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 70 72 |ut this |would pr|
|00004240| 6f 76 69 64 65 20 6d 65 | 6d 6f 72 79 0d 70 72 6f |ovide me|mory.pro|
|00004250| 74 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 |tection |between |
|00004260| 74 61 73 6b 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 67 69 76 65 20 65 |tasks an|d give e|
|00004270| 76 65 72 79 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 20 61 20 68 |very pro|gram a h|
|00004280| 65 61 70 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 69 7a 65 20 6f 66 20 |eap the |size of |
|00004290| 74 68 65 0d 61 64 64 72 | 65 73 73 20 73 70 61 63 |the.addr|ess spac|
|000042a0| 65 3b 20 6e 6f 20 6d 6f | 72 65 20 74 72 79 69 6e |e; no mo|re tryin|
|000042b0| 67 20 74 6f 20 67 75 65 | 73 73 20 70 61 72 74 69 |g to gue|ss parti|
|000042c0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 73 69 7a | 65 73 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 |tion siz|es.  You|
|000042d0| 27 64 20 73 74 69 6c 6c | 20 68 61 76 65 0d 74 6f |'d still| have.to|
|000042e0| 20 64 65 72 65 66 65 72 | 65 6e 63 65 20 68 61 6e | derefer|ence han|
|000042f0| 64 6c 65 73 2c 20 74 68 | 6f 75 67 68 2e 2e 2e 0d |dles, th|ough....|
|00004300| 2d 2d 20 0d 4b 65 76 69 | 6e 20 4d 69 63 68 61 65 |-- .Kevi|n Michae|
|00004310| 6c 20 56 61 69 6c 20 20 | 7c 20 22 54 68 69 73 20 |l Vail  || "This |
|00004320| 69 73 20 73 6f 20 63 6f | 6f 6c 20 49 20 68 61 76 |is so co|ol I hav|
|00004330| 65 20 74 6f 20 67 6f 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 62 |e to go |to the b|
|00004340| 61 74 68 72 6f 6f 6d 21 | 22 0d 6b 65 76 69 6e 40 |athroom!|".kevin@|
|00004350| 64 67 73 2e 64 67 73 79 | 73 2e 63 6f 6d 20 7c 20 |dgs.dgsy|s.com | |
|00004360| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00004370| 20 20 2d 2d 20 43 61 6c | 76 69 6e 0d 0d 2b 2b 2b |  -- Cal|vin..+++|
|00004380| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |++++++++|++++++++|
|00004390| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 0d 0d 3e 46 72 6f 6d 20 |++++++++|..>From |
|000043a0| 68 2b 40 6e 61 64 61 2e | 6b 74 68 2e 73 65 20 28 |h+@nada.|kth.se (|
|000043b0| 4a 6f 6e 20 57 7b 74 74 | 65 29 0d 44 61 74 65 3a |Jon W{tt|e).Date:|
|000043c0| 20 57 65 64 2c 20 31 39 | 20 4f 63 74 20 31 39 39 | Wed, 19| Oct 199|
|000043d0| 34 20 30 38 3a 33 31 3a | 33 31 20 2b 30 31 30 30 |4 08:31:|31 +0100|
|000043e0| 0d 4f 72 67 61 6e 69 7a | 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 52 |.Organiz|ation: R|
|000043f0| 6f 79 61 6c 20 49 6e 73 | 74 69 74 75 74 65 20 6f |oyal Ins|titute o|
|00004400| 66 20 53 6f 6d 65 74 68 | 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 6f |f Someth|ing or o|
|00004410| 74 68 65 72 0d 0d 49 6e | 20 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 |ther..In| article|
|00004420| 20 3c 33 38 30 75 36 30 | 24 6c 6d 76 40 6e 6e 74 | <380u60|$lmv@nnt|
|00004430| 70 31 2e 75 2e 77 61 73 | 68 69 6e 67 74 6f 6e 2e |p1.u.was|hington.|
|00004440| 65 64 75 3e 2c 0d 6a 62 | 65 65 67 68 6c 79 40 75 |edu>,.jb|eeghly@u|
|00004450| 2e 77 61 73 68 69 6e 67 | 74 6f 6e 2e 65 64 75 20 |.washing|ton.edu |
|00004460| 28 4a 65 66 66 20 42 65 | 65 67 68 6c 79 29 20 77 |(Jeff Be|eghly) w|
|00004470| 72 6f 74 65 3a 0d 0d 3e | 63 6f 6d 66 6f 72 74 61 |rote:..>|comforta|
|00004480| 62 6c 65 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 73 |ble with| handles|
|00004490| 2c 20 62 75 74 20 74 68 | 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 |, but th|ere are |
|000044a0| 6c 6f 74 73 20 6f 66 20 | 22 42 72 69 63 6b 20 57 |lots of |"Brick W|
|000044b0| 61 6c 6c 73 22 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 49 0d 3e 61 |alls" wh|ich I.>a|
|000044c0| 6d 20 65 6e 63 6f 75 6e | 74 65 72 69 6e 67 20 2d |m encoun|tering -|
|000044d0| 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 6c 69 | 6e 6b 65 64 20 6c 69 73 | like li|nked lis|
|000044e0| 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 61 63 74 |ts, and |the fact|
|000044f0| 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 6f | 75 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 | that yo|u need t|
|00004500| 6f 0d 0d 4c 69 6e 6b 65 | 64 20 6c 69 73 74 73 20 |o..Linke|d lists |
|00004510| 77 69 74 68 20 68 61 6e | 64 6c 65 73 20 69 73 20 |with han|dles is |
|00004520| 6a 75 73 74 20 61 73 20 | 65 61 73 79 20 61 73 20 |just as |easy as |
|00004530| 77 69 74 68 20 70 6f 69 | 6e 74 65 72 73 2e 20 0d |with poi|nters. .|
|00004540| 4a 75 73 74 20 72 65 6d | 65 6d 62 65 72 20 74 6f |Just rem|ember to|
|00004550| 20 73 74 6f 72 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 48 41 4e 44 4c | store t|he HANDL|
|00004560| 45 2c 20 6e 6f 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 64 65 2d 72 65 |E, not t|he de-re|
|00004570| 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 64 | 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 |ferenced| pointer|
|00004580| 2e 0d 0d 3e 70 72 65 2d | 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e |...>pre-|determin|
|00004590| 65 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 | 78 69 6d 75 6d 20 6e 75 |e the ma|ximum nu|
|000045a0| 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 | 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 73 20 |mber of |handles |
|000045b0| 74 68 65 20 61 70 70 20 | 57 49 4c 4c 20 45 56 45 |the app |WILL EVE|
|000045c0| 52 20 6e 65 65 64 20 61 | 74 0d 3e 74 68 65 20 62 |R need a|t.>the b|
|000045d0| 65 67 69 6e 6e 69 6e 67 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |eginning| of the |
|000045e0| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e | 20 20 48 65 20 74 6f 6c |program.|  He tol|
|000045f0| 64 20 6d 65 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 |d me tha|t Window|
|00004600| 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 | 6f 0d 0d 55 68 3f 20 59 |s used t|o..Uh? Y|
|00004610| 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c | 64 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 61 |ou shoul|d make a|
|00004620| 20 67 6f 6f 64 20 67 75 | 65 73 73 2c 20 69 66 20 | good gu|ess, if |
|00004630| 79 6f 75 27 72 65 20 72 | 65 61 6c 6c 79 20 69 6e |you're r|eally in|
|00004640| 74 65 72 65 73 74 65 64 | 20 0d 69 6e 20 65 66 66 |terested| .in eff|
|00004650| 69 63 69 65 6e 63 79 2e | 20 59 6f 75 20 63 61 6e |iciency.| You can|
|00004660| 20 6a 75 73 74 20 6c 65 | 61 76 65 20 69 74 20 62 | just le|ave it b|
|00004670| 65 2c 20 69 6e 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 63 61 73 65 |e, in wh|ich case|
|00004680| 20 74 68 65 20 0d 73 79 | 73 74 65 6d 20 77 69 6c | the .sy|stem wil|
|00004690| 6c 20 61 6c 6c 6f 63 61 | 74 65 20 6f 6e 72 65 6c |l alloca|te onrel|
|000046a0| 6f 63 61 74 61 62 6c 65 | 20 6d 61 73 74 65 72 20 |ocatable| master |
|000046b0| 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 20 | 62 6c 6f 63 6b 73 20 69 |pointer |blocks i|
|000046c0| 6e 20 0d 79 6f 75 72 20 | 68 65 61 70 20 77 68 65 |n .your |heap whe|
|000046d0| 6e 20 6e 65 65 64 65 64 | 20 2d 20 64 65 70 65 6e |n needed| - depen|
|000046e0| 64 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 | 68 6f 77 20 79 6f 75 20 |ding on |how you |
|000046f0| 63 6f 64 65 2c 20 74 68 | 65 73 65 20 0d 61 6c 6c |code, th|ese .all|
|00004700| 6f 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 6d 61 79 20 6f 72 20 |ocations| may or |
|00004710| 6d 61 79 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 63 61 75 73 65 20 6d 65 |may not |cause me|
|00004720| 6d 6f 72 79 20 66 72 61 | 67 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 69 |mory fra|gmentati|
|00004730| 6f 6e 2e 20 4d 6f 73 74 | 6c 79 20 0d 74 68 65 79 |on. Most|ly .they|
|00004740| 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 2e 0d | 0d 3e 49 6e 20 50 72 6f | don't..|.>In Pro|
|00004750| 74 65 63 74 65 64 20 4d | 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 4d 6f |tected M|emory Mo|
|00004760| 64 65 2c 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 73 20 |de, prog|rammers |
|00004770| 64 69 64 6e 27 74 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 74 6f 20 77 |didn't h|ave to w|
|00004780| 6f 72 72 79 20 61 62 6f | 75 74 20 68 61 6e 64 6c |orry abo|ut handl|
|00004790| 65 73 0d 3e 2d 20 74 68 | 65 79 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 |es.>- th|ey could|
|000047a0| 20 6a 75 73 74 20 75 73 | 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 | just us|e pointe|
|000047b0| 72 73 2e 20 20 59 65 73 | 2c 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 |rs.  Yes|, memory|
|000047c0| 20 69 73 20 73 74 69 6c | 6c 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 | is stil|l being |
|000047d0| 6d 6f 76 65 64 20 61 72 | 6f 75 6e 64 0d 3e 74 6f |moved ar|ound.>to|
|000047e0| 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 63 74 | 20 73 70 61 63 65 2c 20 | compact| space, |
|000047f0| 62 75 74 20 69 6e 20 50 | 4d 4d 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |but in P|MM, the |
|00004800| 48 41 52 44 57 41 52 45 | 20 69 73 20 68 61 6e 64 |HARDWARE| is hand|
|00004810| 6c 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 |ling the| memory |
|00004820| 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 6d 65 | 6e 74 2e 0d 0d 59 6f 75 |manageme|nt...You|
|00004830| 20 63 61 6e 20 75 73 65 | 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 | can use| pointer|
|00004840| 73 20 74 6f 20 79 6f 75 | 72 20 68 65 61 72 74 73 |s to you|r hearts|
|00004850| 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | content| in the |
|00004860| 4d 61 63 20 61 73 20 77 | 65 6c 6c 2e 20 0d 59 65 |Mac as w|ell. .Ye|
|00004870| 73 3b 20 74 68 65 72 65 | 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 |s; there| may be |
|00004880| 66 72 61 67 6d 65 6e 74 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 62 |fragment|ation, b|
|00004890| 75 74 20 74 68 61 74 27 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 |ut that'|s the ca|
|000048a0| 73 65 20 66 6f 72 20 0d | 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 |se for .|Windows |
|000048b0| 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 | 28 69 74 20 6a 75 73 74 |as well |(it just|
|000048c0| 20 6d 61 73 6b 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 61 63 74 29 | masks t|he fact)|
|000048d0| 20 49 6e 64 65 65 64 2c | 20 66 72 61 67 6d 65 6e | Indeed,| fragmen|
|000048e0| 74 69 6e 67 20 56 4d 20 | 0d 74 61 62 6c 65 73 20 |ting VM |.tables |
|000048f0| 69 73 20 69 6e 20 6d 61 | 6e 79 20 63 61 73 65 73 |is in ma|ny cases|
|00004900| 20 6a 75 73 74 20 61 73 | 20 62 61 64 20 61 73 20 | just as| bad as |
|00004910| 66 72 61 67 6d 65 6e 74 | 69 6e 67 20 22 72 65 61 |fragment|ing "rea|
|00004920| 6c 22 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 | 79 2e 0d 0d 57 69 6e 64 |l" memor|y...Wind|
|00004930| 6f 77 73 20 68 61 6e 64 | 6c 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 |ows hand|les are |
|00004940| 4e 4f 54 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 61 6d 65 20 61 73 20 |NOT the |same as |
|00004950| 4d 61 63 20 68 61 6e 64 | 6c 65 73 3b 20 57 69 6e |Mac hand|les; Win|
|00004960| 64 6f 77 73 20 6d 65 6d | 6f 72 79 20 0d 69 73 6e |dows mem|ory .isn|
|00004970| 27 74 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 | 4d 61 63 20 6d 65 6d 6f |'t like |Mac memo|
|00004980| 72 79 20 61 74 20 61 6c | 6c 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 |ry at al|l becaus|
|00004990| 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 69 72 20 70 61 69 6e 66 |e of the|ir painf|
|000049a0| 75 6c 20 73 65 67 6d 65 | 6e 74 65 64 20 0d 61 72 |ul segme|nted .ar|
|000049b0| 63 68 69 74 65 63 74 75 | 72 65 2e 20 4a 75 73 74 |chitectu|re. Just|
|000049c0| 20 67 6f 20 61 68 65 61 | 64 20 61 6e 64 20 75 73 | go ahea|d and us|
|000049d0| 65 20 6d 61 6c 6c 6f 63 | 28 29 21 20 46 6f 72 20 |e malloc|()! For |
|000049e0| 61 73 20 6d 75 63 68 20 | 0d 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 |as much |.memory |
|000049f0| 61 73 20 79 6f 75 20 77 | 61 6e 74 21 20 41 6e 64 |as you w|ant! And|
|00004a00| 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 77 | 6f 72 72 79 20 61 62 6f | don't w|orry abo|
|00004a10| 75 74 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 | 65 72 20 61 72 69 74 68 |ut point|er arith|
|00004a20| 6d 65 74 69 63 73 3b 20 | 0d 75 6e 6c 69 6b 65 20 |metics; |.unlike |
|00004a30| 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 | 33 2e 31 2c 20 69 74 27 |Windows |3.1, it'|
|00004a40| 6c 6c 20 61 6c 77 61 79 | 73 20 77 6f 72 6b 2e 0d |ll alway|s work..|
|00004a50| 0d 43 68 65 65 72 73 2c | 0d 0d 09 09 09 09 2f 20 |.Cheers,|....../ |
|00004a60| 68 2b 0d 0d 0d 0d 2d 2d | 0d 20 20 4a 6f 6e 20 57 |h+....--|.  Jon W|
|00004a70| e4 74 74 65 20 28 68 2b | 40 6e 61 64 61 2e 6b 74 |.tte (h+|@nada.kt|
|00004a80| 68 2e 73 65 29 2c 20 48 | 61 67 61 67 61 74 61 6e |h.se), H|agagatan|
|00004a90| 20 31 2c 20 31 31 33 20 | 34 38 20 53 74 6f 63 6b | 1, 113 |48 Stock|
|00004aa0| 68 6f 6c 6d 2c 20 53 77 | 65 64 65 6e 0d 0d 22 49 |holm, Sw|eden.."I|
|00004ab0| 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 74 6f | 20 64 6f 20 76 65 72 79 | like to| do very|
|00004ac0| 20 76 65 72 79 20 6c 61 | 74 65 20 62 69 6e 64 69 | very la|te bindi|
|00004ad0| 6e 67 2e 20 8c 4a 75 73 | 74 20 69 6e 20 74 69 6d |ng. .Jus|t in tim|
|00004ae0| 65 b9 20 62 69 6e 64 69 | 6e 67 2e 22 0d 20 20 20 |e. bindi|ng.".   |
|00004af0| 20 8b 20 44 61 76 65 20 | 46 65 6c 64 74 0d 0d 0d | . Dave |Feldt...|
|00004b00| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |++++++++|++++++++|
|00004b10| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 0d 0d 3e 46 72 |++++++++|+++..>Fr|
|00004b20| 6f 6d 20 62 77 31 36 40 | 63 6f 72 6e 65 6c 6c 2e |om bw16@|cornell.|
|00004b30| 65 64 75 20 28 42 72 65 | 74 74 6f 6e 20 57 61 64 |edu (Bre|tton Wad|
|00004b40| 65 29 0d 44 61 74 65 3a | 20 57 65 64 2c 20 31 39 |e).Date:| Wed, 19|
|00004b50| 20 4f 63 74 20 31 39 39 | 34 20 30 38 3a 33 35 3a | Oct 199|4 08:35:|
|00004b60| 31 30 20 2d 30 34 30 30 | 0d 4f 72 67 61 6e 69 7a |10 -0400|.Organiz|
|00004b70| 61 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 43 | 6f 72 6e 65 6c 6c 20 50 |ation: C|ornell P|
|00004b80| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 6f | 66 20 43 6f 6d 70 75 74 |rogram o|f Comput|
|00004b90| 65 72 20 47 72 61 70 68 | 69 63 73 0d 0d 49 6e 20 |er Graph|ics..In |
|00004ba0| 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 20 | 3c 41 41 43 41 38 39 45 |article |<AACA89E|
|00004bb0| 33 39 36 36 38 31 45 41 | 37 46 38 40 6b 6c 6b 6d |396681EA|7F8@klkm|
|00004bc0| 61 63 30 31 39 2e 6e 61 | 64 61 2e 6b 74 68 2e 73 |ac019.na|da.kth.s|
|00004bd0| 65 3e 2c 20 68 2b 40 6e | 61 64 61 2e 6b 74 68 2e |e>, h+@n|ada.kth.|
|00004be0| 73 65 20 28 4a 6f 6e 0d | 57 7b 74 74 65 29 20 77 |se (Jon.|W{tte) w|
|00004bf0| 72 6f 74 65 3a 0d 0d 3e | 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 |rote:..>| Windows|
|00004c00| 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 4e 4f 54 | handles| are NOT|
|00004c10| 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d | 65 20 61 73 20 4d 61 63 | the sam|e as Mac|
|00004c20| 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 73 | 3b 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 | handles|; Window|
|00004c30| 73 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 | 20 0d 3e 20 69 73 6e 27 |s memory| .> isn'|
|00004c40| 74 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 4d | 61 63 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 |t like M|ac memor|
|00004c50| 79 20 61 74 20 61 6c 6c | 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 |y at all| because|
|00004c60| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 69 | 72 20 70 61 69 6e 66 75 | of thei|r painfu|
|00004c70| 6c 20 73 65 67 6d 65 6e | 74 65 64 20 0d 3e 20 61 |l segmen|ted .> a|
|00004c80| 72 63 68 69 74 65 63 74 | 75 72 65 2e 20 4a 75 73 |rchitect|ure. Jus|
|00004c90| 74 20 67 6f 20 61 68 65 | 61 64 20 61 6e 64 20 75 |t go ahe|ad and u|
|00004ca0| 73 65 20 6d 61 6c 6c 6f | 63 28 29 21 20 46 6f 72 |se mallo|c()! For|
|00004cb0| 20 61 73 20 6d 75 63 68 | 20 0d 3e 20 6d 65 6d 6f | as much| .> memo|
|00004cc0| 72 79 20 61 73 20 79 6f | 75 20 77 61 6e 74 21 20 |ry as yo|u want! |
|00004cd0| 41 6e 64 20 64 6f 6e 27 | 74 20 77 6f 72 72 79 20 |And don'|t worry |
|00004ce0| 61 62 6f 75 74 20 70 6f | 69 6e 74 65 72 20 61 72 |about po|inter ar|
|00004cf0| 69 74 68 6d 65 74 69 63 | 73 3b 20 0d 3e 20 75 6e |ithmetic|s; .> un|
|00004d00| 6c 69 6b 65 20 57 69 6e | 64 6f 77 73 20 33 2e 31 |like Win|dows 3.1|
|00004d10| 2c 20 69 74 27 6c 6c 20 | 61 6c 77 61 79 73 20 77 |, it'll |always w|
|00004d20| 6f 72 6b 2e 0d 0d 49 74 | 27 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 |ork...It|'s been |
|00004d30| 61 20 77 68 69 6c 65 20 | 73 69 6e 63 65 20 49 20 |a while |since I |
|00004d40| 77 61 73 20 63 6f 64 69 | 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 4d 53 |was codi|ng in MS|
|00004d50| 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 | 2e 20 44 6f 20 74 68 65 | Windows|. Do the|
|00004d60| 79 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 | 68 61 76 65 0d 74 68 61 |y still |have.tha|
|00004d70| 74 20 73 69 6c 6c 79 20 | 67 6c 6f 62 61 6c 20 6c |t silly |global l|
|00004d80| 69 6d 69 74 20 6f 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 |imit on |the numb|
|00004d90| 65 72 20 6f 66 20 68 61 | 6e 64 6c 65 73 3f 20 49 |er of ha|ndles? I|
|00004da0| 74 20 77 61 73 20 72 69 | 64 69 63 75 6c 6f 75 73 |t was ri|diculous|
|00004db0| 6c 79 20 6c 6f 77 2c 0d | 6c 69 6b 65 20 36 34 20 |ly low,.|like 64 |
|00004dc0| 6f 72 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 | 68 69 6e 67 2e 2e 2e 0d |or somet|hing....|
|00004dd0| 0d 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |._______|________|
|00004de0| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________|
|00004df0| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________|
|00004e00| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 0d |________|_______.|
|00004e10| 20 20 20 42 72 65 74 74 | 6f 6e 20 57 61 64 65 20 |   Brett|on Wade |
|00004e20| 28 62 77 31 36 40 63 6f | 72 6e 65 6c 6c 2e 65 64 |(bw16@co|rnell.ed|
|00004e30| 75 29 0d 20 20 20 68 74 | 74 70 3a 2f 2f 77 77 77 |u).   ht|tp://www|
|00004e40| 2e 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 | 73 2e 63 6f 72 6e 65 6c |.graphic|s.cornel|
|00004e50| 6c 2e 65 64 75 2f 7e 62 | 77 61 64 65 2f 0d 5f 5f |l.edu/~b|wade/.__|
|00004e60| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________|
|00004e70| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________|
|00004e80| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________|
|00004e90| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 0d 0d 2b 2b |________|____..++|
|00004ea0| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |++++++++|++++++++|
|00004eb0| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 0d 0d 3e 46 72 6f 6d |++++++++|+..>From|
|00004ec0| 20 6e 69 63 6b 40 73 77 | 2e 73 74 72 61 74 75 73 | nick@sw|.stratus|
|00004ed0| 2e 63 6f 6d 20 28 4e 69 | 63 6f 6c 61 73 20 54 61 |.com (Ni|colas Ta|
|00004ee0| 6d 62 75 72 72 69 29 0d | 44 61 74 65 3a 20 31 39 |mburri).|Date: 19|
|00004ef0| 20 4f 63 74 20 31 39 39 | 34 20 31 34 3a 34 34 3a | Oct 199|4 14:44:|
|00004f00| 35 39 20 47 4d 54 0d 4f | 72 67 61 6e 69 7a 61 74 |59 GMT.O|rganizat|
|00004f10| 69 6f 6e 3a 20 53 74 72 | 61 74 75 73 20 43 6f 6d |ion: Str|atus Com|
|00004f20| 70 75 74 65 72 2c 20 49 | 6e 63 2e 0d 0d 49 6e 20 |puter, I|nc...In |
|00004f30| 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 20 | 3c 6b 65 76 69 6e 2d 31 |article |<kevin-1|
|00004f40| 38 31 30 39 34 31 38 31 | 30 31 39 30 30 30 31 40 |81094181|0190001@|
|00004f50| 76 61 69 6c 62 6f 78 2e | 64 67 73 79 73 2e 63 6f |vailbox.|dgsys.co|
|00004f60| 6d 3e 2c 20 6b 65 76 69 | 6e 40 64 67 73 2e 64 67 |m>, kevi|n@dgs.dg|
|00004f70| 73 79 73 2e 63 6f 6d 20 | 28 4b 65 76 69 6e 20 56 |sys.com |(Kevin V|
|00004f80| 61 69 6c 29 20 77 72 69 | 74 65 73 3a 0d 3e 20 0d |ail) wri|tes:.> .|
|00004f90| 3e 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 | 72 2c 20 68 65 72 65 27 |> Howeve|r, here'|
|00004fa0| 73 20 61 20 74 68 6f 75 | 67 68 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 |s a thou|ght, and|
|00004fb0| 20 6d 61 79 62 65 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 77 | maybe t|his is w|
|00004fc0| 68 61 74 20 41 70 70 6c | 65 20 69 73 20 64 6f 69 |hat Appl|e is doi|
|00004fd0| 6e 67 20 69 6e 0d 3e 20 | 43 6f 70 6c 61 6e 64 2d |ng in.> |Copland-|
|00004fe0| 2d 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 6e | 27 74 20 69 74 20 62 65 |- wouldn|'t it be|
|00004ff0| 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c | 65 20 74 6f 20 73 65 74 | possibl|e to set|
|00005000| 20 75 70 20 74 68 65 20 | 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 73 | up the |memory s|
|00005010| 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 65 | 61 63 68 0d 3e 20 70 72 |o that e|ach.> pr|
|00005020| 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 68 61 | 64 20 69 74 73 20 6f 77 |ogram ha|d its ow|
|00005030| 6e 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 | 73 20 73 70 61 63 65 2c |n addres|s space,|
|00005040| 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d | with th|e system|
|00005050| 20 68 65 61 70 20 73 6f | 6d 65 68 6f 77 20 73 68 | heap so|mehow sh|
|00005060| 61 72 65 64 3f 20 20 49 | 0d 3e 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 |ared?  I|.> don't|
|00005070| 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 77 68 | 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20 63 | know wh|at you c|
|00005080| 6f 75 6c 64 20 64 6f 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 6c 6f 77 |ould do |with low|
|00005090| 2d 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 | 67 6c 6f 62 61 6c 73 20 |-memory |globals |
|000050a0| 28 70 65 72 68 61 70 73 | 20 73 65 74 20 74 68 65 |(perhaps| set the|
|000050b0| 6d 20 75 70 0d 3e 20 73 | 6f 20 65 61 63 68 20 70 |m up.> s|o each p|
|000050c0| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 68 | 61 64 20 69 74 73 20 6f |rogram h|ad its o|
|000050d0| 77 6e 20 63 6f 70 79 2c | 20 6f 72 20 6d 61 6b 65 |wn copy,| or make|
|000050e0| 20 74 68 65 6d 20 72 65 | 61 64 2d 6f 6e 6c 79 20 | them re|ad-only |
|000050f0| 73 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 77 72 69 74 65 73 0d 3e |so that |writes.>|
|00005100| 20 63 61 75 73 65 20 61 | 20 74 72 61 70 20 73 6f | cause a| trap so|
|00005110| 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 68 | 61 6e 67 65 73 20 74 6f | that ch|anges to|
|00005120| 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 77 | 2d 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 | the low|-memory |
|00005130| 73 74 75 66 66 20 63 6f | 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 74 |stuff co|uld be t|
|00005140| 72 61 63 6b 65 64 20 62 | 79 0d 3e 20 74 68 65 20 |racked b|y.> the |
|00005150| 4f 53 29 20 61 6e 64 20 | 49 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 74 |OS) and |I know t|
|00005160| 68 65 72 65 27 73 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 73 74 75 |here's o|ther stu|
|00005170| 66 66 2c 20 62 75 74 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 77 6f 75 |ff, but |this wou|
|00005180| 6c 64 20 70 72 6f 76 69 | 64 65 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 |ld provi|de memor|
|00005190| 79 0d 3e 20 70 72 6f 74 | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 62 |y.> prot|ection b|
|000051a0| 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 74 | 61 73 6b 73 20 61 6e 64 |etween t|asks and|
|000051b0| 20 67 69 76 65 20 65 76 | 65 72 79 20 70 72 6f 67 | give ev|ery prog|
|000051c0| 72 61 6d 20 61 20 68 65 | 61 70 20 74 68 65 20 73 |ram a he|ap the s|
|000051d0| 69 7a 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 0d 3e 20 61 64 64 |ize of t|he.> add|
|000051e0| 72 65 73 73 20 73 70 61 | 63 65 3b 20 6e 6f 20 6d |ress spa|ce; no m|
|000051f0| 6f 72 65 20 74 72 79 69 | 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 67 75 |ore tryi|ng to gu|
|00005200| 65 73 73 20 70 61 72 74 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 73 69 |ess part|ition si|
|00005210| 7a 65 73 2e 0d 0d 49 20 | 68 6f 70 65 20 74 68 69 |zes...I |hope thi|
|00005220| 73 20 69 73 20 77 68 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 |s is wha|t they a|
|00005230| 72 65 20 64 6f 69 6e 67 | 2c 20 73 69 6e 63 65 20 |re doing|, since |
|00005240| 74 68 69 73 20 77 61 73 | 20 6f 6c 64 20 74 65 63 |this was| old tec|
|00005250| 68 6e 6f 6c 6f 67 79 20 | 32 30 0d 79 65 61 72 73 |hnology |20.years|
|00005260| 20 61 67 6f 2e 0d 0d 49 | 20 61 73 73 75 6d 65 20 | ago...I| assume |
|00005270| 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 20 |that the| reason |
|00005280| 69 74 20 68 61 73 20 6e | 6f 74 20 62 65 65 6e 20 |it has n|ot been |
|00005290| 64 6f 6e 65 20 79 65 74 | 20 69 73 20 62 65 63 61 |done yet| is beca|
|000052a0| 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 6c | 6f 77 0d 6d 65 6d 6f 72 |use of l|ow.memor|
|000052b0| 79 20 67 6c 6f 62 61 6c | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f |y global|s and co|
|000052c0| 6d 70 61 74 69 62 69 6c | 69 74 79 20 77 69 74 68 |mpatibil|ity with|
|000052d0| 20 6f 6c 64 65 72 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 2e | older p|rograms.|
|000052e0| 20 20 54 68 65 20 77 61 | 79 20 6f 74 68 65 72 0d |  The wa|y other.|
|000052f0| 76 65 6e 64 6f 72 73 20 | 68 61 76 65 20 73 6f 6c |vendors |have sol|
|00005300| 76 65 64 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d |ved this| problem|
|00005310| 20 28 61 6e 64 20 72 65 | 6c 61 74 65 64 20 6d 65 | (and re|lated me|
|00005320| 6d 6f 72 79 20 73 68 61 | 72 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f |mory sha|ring pro|
|00005330| 62 6c 65 6d 73 2c 29 0d | 69 73 20 34 20 66 6f 6c |blems,).|is 4 fol|
|00005340| 64 3a 0d 0d 31 2e 20 59 | 6f 75 20 70 75 62 6c 69 |d:..1. Y|ou publi|
|00005350| 73 68 20 61 20 64 65 63 | 72 65 65 20 74 68 61 74 |sh a dec|ree that|
|00005360| 20 73 61 79 73 20 22 48 | 65 6e 63 65 66 6f 72 74 | says "H|encefort|
|00005370| 68 20 73 74 6f 72 69 6e | 67 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 |h storin|g direct|
|00005380| 6c 79 20 69 6e 74 6f 0d | 20 20 20 6c 6f 77 2d 6d |ly into.|   low-m|
|00005390| 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 67 6c | 6f 62 61 6c 73 20 69 73 |emory gl|obals is|
|000053a0| 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 | 72 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 | conside|red to b|
|000053b0| 65 20 61 20 62 61 64 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d |e a bad |programm|
|000053c0| 69 6e 67 20 70 72 61 63 | 74 69 63 65 2c 0d 20 20 |ing prac|tice,.  |
|000053d0| 20 61 6e 64 20 77 65 20 | 61 72 65 20 70 72 6f 76 | and we |are prov|
|000053e0| 69 64 69 6e 67 20 79 6f | 75 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 |iding yo|u with t|
|000053f0| 68 69 73 2f 74 68 65 73 | 65 20 4f 53 20 63 61 6c |his/thes|e OS cal|
|00005400| 6c 73 20 66 6f 72 20 6d | 6f 64 69 66 79 69 6e 67 |ls for m|odifying|
|00005410| 0d 20 20 20 74 68 6f 73 | 65 20 67 6c 6f 62 61 6c |.   thos|e global|
|00005420| 73 2e 22 0d 0d 32 2e 20 | 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 6e |s."..2. |If you n|
|00005430| 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 73 | 65 74 20 75 70 20 73 68 |eed to s|et up sh|
|00005440| 61 72 65 64 20 6d 65 6d | 6f 72 79 20 62 65 74 77 |ared mem|ory betw|
|00005450| 65 65 6e 20 70 72 6f 63 | 65 73 73 65 73 2c 20 79 |een proc|esses, y|
|00005460| 6f 75 20 6d 75 73 74 20 | 75 73 65 0d 20 20 20 74 |ou must |use.   t|
|00005470| 68 65 73 65 20 4f 53 20 | 63 61 6c 6c 73 2c 20 69 |hese OS |calls, i|
|00005480| 2e 65 2e 20 64 6f 6e 27 | 74 20 61 73 73 75 6d 65 |.e. don'|t assume|
|00005490| 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 6e | that th|e same n|
|000054a0| 75 6d 65 72 69 63 20 61 | 64 64 72 65 73 73 0d 20 |umeric a|ddress. |
|000054b0| 20 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c | 6c 79 20 72 65 66 65 72 |  actual|ly refer|
|000054c0| 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 61 6d 65 20 70 68 |s to the| same ph|
|000054d0| 79 73 69 63 61 6c 20 6d | 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 6c 6f |ysical m|emory lo|
|000054e0| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0d | 0d 33 2e 20 45 61 63 68 |cation..|.3. Each|
|000054f0| 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 | 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | process| on the |
|00005500| 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 67 | 65 74 73 20 69 74 73 20 |system g|ets its |
|00005510| 6f 77 6e 20 61 64 64 72 | 65 73 73 20 73 70 61 63 |own addr|ess spac|
|00005520| 65 2c 20 61 73 20 79 6f | 75 20 73 74 61 74 65 2e |e, as yo|u state.|
|00005530| 0d 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 6c 6f 77 2d 6d 65 6d 6f |.   The |low-memo|
|00005540| 72 79 20 61 64 64 72 65 | 73 73 65 73 20 61 72 65 |ry addre|sses are|
|00005550| 20 73 65 74 20 75 70 20 | 73 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 | set up |so that |
|00005560| 72 65 61 64 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 77 72 69 74 65 73 |reads an|d writes|
|00005570| 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 6d | 0d 20 20 20 61 63 74 75 | to them|.   actu|
|00005580| 61 6c 6c 79 20 74 72 61 | 70 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |ally tra|p to the|
|00005590| 20 4f 53 2c 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 74 61 6b 65 73 | OS, whi|ch takes|
|000055a0| 20 61 70 61 72 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 69 6e 73 74 72 | apart t|he instr|
|000055b0| 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 | 6e 64 20 73 74 75 66 66 |uction a|nd stuff|
|000055c0| 73 0d 20 20 20 74 68 65 | 20 67 6c 6f 62 61 6c 20 |s.   the| global |
|000055d0| 64 61 74 61 20 69 6e 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |data int|o the pr|
|000055e0| 6f 63 65 73 73 20 73 70 | 61 63 65 2c 20 28 6f 72 |ocess sp|ace, (or|
|000055f0| 20 76 69 63 65 2d 76 65 | 72 73 61 2e 29 20 20 46 | vice-ve|rsa.)  F|
|00005600| 6f 72 20 6d 6f 73 74 0d | 20 20 20 67 6c 6f 62 61 |or most.|   globa|
|00005610| 6c 73 2c 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 69 73 20 73 75 66 66 |ls, this| is suff|
|00005620| 69 63 69 65 6e 74 2c 20 | 66 6f 72 20 73 6f 6d 65 |icient, |for some|
|00005630| 2c 20 61 20 67 6c 6f 62 | 61 6c 20 63 61 6e 20 6f |, a glob|al can o|
|00005640| 6e 6c 79 20 62 65 20 75 | 73 65 64 20 62 79 0d 20 |nly be u|sed by. |
|00005650| 20 20 6f 6e 65 20 70 72 | 6f 63 65 73 73 20 61 74 |  one pr|ocess at|
|00005660| 20 61 20 74 69 6d 65 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 69 66 20 | a time,| and if |
|00005670| 70 72 65 2d 65 6d 70 74 | 69 76 65 20 6d 75 6c 74 |pre-empt|ive mult|
|00005680| 69 2d 70 72 6f 63 65 73 | 73 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 |i-proces|sing is |
|00005690| 75 73 65 64 2c 0d 20 20 | 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 6c |used,.  | the cal|
|000056a0| 6c 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f | 63 65 73 73 20 6d 61 79 |ling pro|cess may|
|000056b0| 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c 6c | 79 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 20 | actuall|y block |
|000056c0| 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 76 61 | 6c 69 64 20 64 61 74 61 |until va|lid data|
|000056d0| 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 73 | 0d 20 20 20 61 76 61 69 | becomes|.   avai|
|000056e0| 6c 61 62 6c 65 2e 0d 0d | 20 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 |lable...|   This |
|000056f0| 65 78 74 72 61 20 70 72 | 6f 63 65 73 73 69 6e 67 |extra pr|ocessing|
|00005700| 20 69 73 20 6d 75 63 68 | 20 6c 65 73 73 20 65 66 | is much| less ef|
|00005710| 66 69 63 69 65 6e 74 20 | 74 68 61 6e 20 61 63 63 |ficient |than acc|
|00005720| 65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 67 | 6c 6f 62 61 6c 73 0d 20 |essing g|lobals. |
|00005730| 20 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 | 6c 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |  direct|ly, and |
|00005740| 74 68 75 73 20 62 65 63 | 6f 6d 65 73 20 74 68 65 |thus bec|omes the|
|00005750| 20 69 6e 63 65 6e 74 69 | 76 65 20 74 6f 20 6e 6f | incenti|ve to no|
|00005760| 74 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 | 65 6d 2e 20 20 42 75 74 |t use th|em.  But|
|00005770| 2c 20 69 74 0d 20 20 20 | 64 6f 65 73 20 70 72 6f |, it.   |does pro|
|00005780| 76 69 64 65 20 63 6f 6d | 70 61 74 61 62 69 6c 69 |vide com|patabili|
|00005790| 74 79 20 66 6f 72 20 6f | 6c 64 65 72 20 70 72 6f |ty for o|lder pro|
|000057a0| 67 72 61 6d 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 6d 61 79 20 6e |grams th|at may n|
|000057b0| 65 76 65 72 20 62 65 0d | 20 20 20 75 70 64 61 74 |ever be.|   updat|
|000057c0| 65 64 2c 20 65 76 65 6e | 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 |ed, even| though |
|000057d0| 74 68 65 79 20 6d 61 79 | 20 72 75 6e 20 73 6c 6f |they may| run slo|
|000057e0| 77 65 72 2e 0d 0d 34 2e | 20 53 70 65 6e 64 20 61 |wer...4.| Spend a|
|000057f0| 20 62 75 6e 63 68 20 6f | 66 20 74 69 6d 65 20 73 | bunch o|f time s|
|00005800| 68 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 6f | 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 69 |haking o|ut the i|
|00005810| 6e 63 6f 6d 70 61 74 61 | 62 69 6c 69 74 69 65 73 |ncompata|bilities|
|00005820| 2c 20 73 69 6e 63 65 20 | 77 68 61 74 0d 20 20 20 |, since |what.   |
|00005830| 49 27 76 65 20 64 65 73 | 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 69 |I've des|cribed i|
|00005840| 73 20 67 72 65 61 74 6c | 79 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 69 |s greatl|y simpli|
|00005850| 66 69 65 64 2e 20 20 28 | 4f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6f |fied.  (|On the o|
|00005860| 74 68 65 72 20 68 61 6e | 64 2c 20 69 74 27 73 20 |ther han|d, it's |
|00005870| 6e 6f 74 0d 20 20 20 6c | 69 6b 65 20 49 20 63 61 |not.   l|ike I ca|
|00005880| 6e 20 72 75 6e 20 65 76 | 65 72 79 20 70 72 6f 67 |n run ev|ery prog|
|00005890| 72 61 6d 20 49 27 76 65 | 20 65 76 65 72 20 62 6f |ram I've| ever bo|
|000058a0| 75 67 68 74 20 6f 6e 20 | 6d 79 20 51 36 35 30 2c |ught on |my Q650,|
|000058b0| 20 73 6f 20 6d 61 79 62 | 65 0d 20 20 20 74 68 65 | so mayb|e.   the|
|000058c0| 79 20 77 6f 6e 27 74 20 | 77 6f 72 72 79 20 74 6f |y won't |worry to|
|000058d0| 6f 20 6d 75 63 68 20 61 | 62 6f 75 74 20 74 68 69 |o much a|bout thi|
|000058e0| 73 20 6c 61 73 74 20 70 | 61 72 74 2e 29 0d 0d 41 |s last p|art.)..A|
|000058f0| 6e 78 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 | 20 61 77 61 69 74 69 6e |nxiously| awaitin|
|00005900| 67 20 43 6f 70 65 6c 61 | 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 20 47 |g Copela|nd and G|
|00005910| 65 72 73 68 77 69 6e 2e | 2e 2e 0d 0d 09 09 09 09 |ershwin.|........|
|00005920| 09 09 09 2f 6e 74 0d 0d | 20 20 20 0d 0d 2b 2b 2b |.../nt..|   ..+++|
|00005930| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |++++++++|++++++++|
|00005940| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 0d 0d 3e 46 72 6f 6d 20 |++++++++|..>From |
|00005950| 4a 65 6e 73 20 41 6c 66 | 6b 65 20 3c 6a 65 6e 73 |Jens Alf|ke <jens|
|00005960| 5f 61 6c 66 6b 65 40 70 | 6f 77 65 72 74 61 6c 6b |_alfke@p|owertalk|
|00005970| 2e 61 70 70 6c 65 2e 63 | 6f 6d 3e 0d 44 61 74 65 |.apple.c|om>.Date|
|00005980| 3a 20 57 65 64 2c 20 31 | 39 20 4f 63 74 20 31 39 |: Wed, 1|9 Oct 19|
|00005990| 39 34 20 31 38 3a 30 33 | 3a 34 35 20 47 4d 54 0d |94 18:03|:45 GMT.|
|000059a0| 4f 72 67 61 6e 69 7a 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 41 70 |Organiza|tion: Ap|
|000059b0| 70 6c 65 20 43 6f 6d 70 | 75 74 65 72 0d 0d 4d 41 |ple Comp|uter..MA|
|000059c0| 52 4b 20 48 2e 20 4c 49 | 4e 54 4f 4e 2c 20 6d 68 |RK H. LI|NTON, mh|
|000059d0| 6c 40 69 63 66 2e 68 72 | 62 2e 63 6f 6d 20 77 72 |l@icf.hr|b.com wr|
|000059e0| 69 74 65 73 3a 0d 3e 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ites:.> |        |
|000059f0| 4d 61 79 62 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 6d 79 73 74 65 72 |Maybe th|e myster|
|00005a00| 79 20 73 75 72 72 6f 75 | 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |y surrou|nding th|
|00005a10| 65 20 48 61 6e 64 6c 65 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |e Handle| in the |
|00005a20| 4d 61 63 69 6e 74 6f 73 | 68 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 0d |Macintos|h world.|
|00005a30| 3e 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 69 73 20 72 65 61 |>       |  is rea|
|00005a40| 6c 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 75 7a 7a 6c 65 72 2e |lly the |puzzler.|
|00005a50| 20 45 61 73 79 20 77 61 | 79 20 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 | Easy wa|y around|
|00005a60| 20 69 74 3f 20 55 73 65 | 20 4e 65 77 50 74 72 20 | it? Use| NewPtr |
|00005a70| 69 6e 73 74 65 61 64 20 | 6f 66 0d 3e 20 20 20 20 |instead |of.>    |
|00005a80| 20 20 20 20 20 4e 65 77 | 48 61 6e 64 6c 65 2e 0d |     New|Handle..|
|00005a90| 0d 4e 6f 74 20 69 66 20 | 79 6f 75 27 72 65 20 77 |.Not if |you're w|
|00005aa0| 6f 72 72 69 65 64 20 61 | 62 6f 75 74 20 70 65 72 |orried a|bout per|
|00005ab0| 66 6f 72 6d 61 6e 63 65 | 3b 20 4e 65 77 50 74 72 |formance|; NewPtr|
|00005ac0| 20 69 73 20 72 65 61 6c | 6c 79 20 73 6c 6f 77 2e | is real|ly slow.|
|00005ad0| 20 41 20 62 65 74 74 65 | 72 20 69 64 65 61 0d 69 | A bette|r idea.i|
|00005ae0| 73 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 6c |s to use| the mal|
|00005af0| 6c 6f 63 2f 66 72 65 65 | 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 |loc/free| routine|
|00005b00| 73 20 69 6e 20 79 6f 75 | 72 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f |s in you|r develo|
|00005b10| 70 6d 65 6e 74 20 73 79 | 73 74 65 6d 27 73 20 41 |pment sy|stem's A|
|00005b20| 4e 53 49 20 6c 69 62 72 | 61 72 79 2e 0d 47 65 6e |NSI libr|ary..Gen|
|00005b30| 65 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 28 | 61 74 20 6c 65 61 73 74 |erally (|at least|
|00005b40| 20 69 6e 20 54 48 49 4e | 4b 20 61 6e 64 20 43 57 | in THIN|K and CW|
|00005b50| 29 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 | 61 6c 6c 6f 63 61 74 65 |) these |allocate|
|00005b60| 20 6c 61 72 67 65 20 62 | 6c 6f 63 6b 73 20 76 69 | large b|locks vi|
|00005b70| 61 20 4e 65 77 50 74 72 | 0d 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |a NewPtr|.and the|
|00005b80| 6e 20 73 75 62 2d 61 6c | 6c 6f 63 61 74 65 20 74 |n sub-al|locate t|
|00005b90| 68 65 6d 2c 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 69 73 20 61 20 |hem, whi|ch is a |
|00005ba0| 6c 6f 74 20 6d 6f 72 65 | 20 65 66 66 69 63 69 65 |lot more| efficie|
|00005bb0| 6e 74 20 74 68 61 6e 20 | 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |nt than |using th|
|00005bc0| 65 20 4d 61 63 0d 6d 65 | 6d 6f 72 79 20 6d 61 6e |e Mac.me|mory man|
|00005bd0| 61 67 65 72 20 73 74 72 | 61 69 67 68 74 2e 20 54 |ager str|aight. T|
|00005be0| 68 65 20 64 72 61 77 62 | 61 63 6b 20 69 73 20 74 |he drawb|ack is t|
|00005bf0| 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 73 | 65 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 73 |hat thes|e blocks|
|00005c00| 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 | 20 64 69 73 70 6f 73 65 | are not| dispose|
|00005c10| 64 0d 62 61 63 6b 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 4d 61 |d.back t|o the Ma|
|00005c20| 63 20 68 65 61 70 2c 20 | 73 6f 20 79 6f 75 20 68 |c heap, |so you h|
|00005c30| 61 76 65 20 74 6f 20 6d | 61 6b 65 20 73 75 72 65 |ave to m|ake sure|
|00005c40| 20 74 68 61 74 20 6d 61 | 6c 6c 6f 63 20 64 6f 65 | that ma|lloc doe|
|00005c50| 73 6e 27 74 20 65 61 74 | 20 75 70 20 74 6f 6f 0d |sn't eat| up too.|
|00005c60| 6d 75 63 68 20 6f 66 20 | 79 6f 75 72 20 6d 65 6d |much of |your mem|
|00005c70| 6f 72 79 20 28 79 6f 75 | 20 6e 65 65 64 20 65 6e |ory (you| need en|
|00005c80| 6f 75 67 68 20 66 72 65 | 65 20 74 6f 20 6b 65 65 |ough fre|e to kee|
|00005c90| 70 20 74 68 65 20 54 6f | 6f 6c 62 6f 78 20 68 61 |p the To|olbox ha|
|00005ca0| 70 70 79 2e 29 0d 0d 2d | 2d 4a 65 6e 73 20 41 6c |ppy.)..-|-Jens Al|
|00005cb0| 66 6b 65 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |fke     |        |
|00005cc0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 6a 65 |        |      je|
|00005cd0| 6e 73 5f 61 6c 66 6b 65 | 40 70 6f 77 65 72 74 61 |ns_alfke|@powerta|
|00005ce0| 6c 6b 2e 61 70 70 6c 65 | 2e 63 6f 6d 0d 20 20 20 |lk.apple|.com.   |
|00005cf0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00005d00| 22 41 20 6d 61 6e 2c 20 | 61 20 70 6c 61 6e 2c 20 |"A man, |a plan, |
|00005d10| 61 20 79 61 6d 2c 20 61 | 20 63 61 6e 20 6f 66 20 |a yam, a| can of |
|00005d20| 53 70 61 6d 20 2e 2e 2e | 20 42 61 6e 61 6e 61 6d |Spam ...| Bananam|
|00005d30| 61 21 22 0d 0d 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |a!"..+++|++++++++|
|00005d40| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |++++++++|++++++++|
|00005d50| 0d 0d 3e 46 72 6f 6d 20 | 4c 6c 6f 79 64 20 53 61 |..>From |Lloyd Sa|
|00005d60| 72 67 65 6e 74 20 3c 63 | 61 6e 6e 61 40 62 67 61 |rgent <c|anna@bga|
|00005d70| 2e 63 6f 6d 3e 0d 44 61 | 74 65 3a 20 32 31 20 4f |.com>.Da|te: 21 O|
|00005d80| 63 74 20 31 39 39 34 20 | 31 35 3a 30 34 3a 33 39 |ct 1994 |15:04:39|
|00005d90| 20 47 4d 54 0d 4f 72 67 | 61 6e 69 7a 61 74 69 6f | GMT.Org|anizatio|
|00005da0| 6e 3a 20 43 61 6e 6e 61 | 20 53 6f 66 74 77 61 72 |n: Canna| Softwar|
|00005db0| 65 20 44 65 76 65 6c 6f | 70 6d 65 6e 74 0d 0d 52 |e Develo|pment..R|
|00005dc0| 65 3a 20 4d 65 6d 6f 72 | 79 20 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 |e: Memor|y manage|
|00005dd0| 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 52 65 61 6c |ment in |the Real|
|00005de0| 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 2c 20 | 70 61 72 74 20 32 0d 0d | World, |part 2..|
|00005df0| 44 6f 6e 27 74 20 67 65 | 74 20 6d 65 20 73 74 61 |Don't ge|t me sta|
|00005e00| 72 74 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 22 66 65 |rted on |that "fe|
|00005e10| 61 74 75 72 65 22 20 6f | 66 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 7a |ature" o|f Windoz|
|00005e20| 65 2e 20 59 65 73 2c 20 | 69 74 20 69 73 20 74 72 |e. Yes, |it is tr|
|00005e30| 75 65 2c 0d 56 69 72 67 | 69 6e 69 61 2c 20 74 68 |ue,.Virg|inia, th|
|00005e40| 65 79 20 64 6f 20 6d 6f | 76 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 |ey do mo|ve point|
|00005e50| 65 72 73 20 61 72 6f 75 | 6e 64 20 77 69 74 68 6f |ers arou|nd witho|
|00005e60| 75 74 20 68 61 6e 64 6c | 65 73 2e 20 20 42 75 74 |ut handl|es.  But|
|00005e70| 20 69 74 20 69 73 0d 61 | 74 20 61 20 63 6f 73 74 | it is.a|t a cost|
|00005e80| 20 2d 2d 20 79 6f 75 20 | 68 61 76 65 20 74 6f 20 | -- you |have to |
|00005e90| 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 20 73 | 6f 6d 65 20 72 75 6c 65 |follow s|ome rule|
|00005ea0| 73 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 | 68 6f 77 20 79 6f 75 72 |s about |how your|
|00005eb0| 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 73 | 0d 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 65 | data is|.formate|
|00005ec0| 64 20 28 69 2e 65 2e 20 | 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 27 |d (i.e. |you can'|
|00005ed0| 74 20 68 61 76 65 20 77 | 6f 72 64 73 20 6f 6e 20 |t have w|ords on |
|00005ee0| 36 34 4b 20 62 6f 75 6e | 64 61 72 69 65 73 20 61 |64K boun|daries a|
|00005ef0| 6e 64 20 61 20 68 6f 73 | 74 20 6f 66 0d 6f 74 68 |nd a hos|t of.oth|
|00005f00| 65 72 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 49 20 73 6f 6f 6e 20 |ers that| I soon |
|00005f10| 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 | 66 6f 72 67 65 74 29 2e |as well |forget).|
|00005f20| 20 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 | 62 65 74 74 65 72 3f 20 |  It is |better? |
|00005f30| 20 44 65 70 65 6e 64 73 | 20 6f 6e 20 79 6f 75 72 | Depends| on your|
|00005f40| 0d 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 6f | 66 20 76 69 65 77 2e 20 |.point o|f view. |
|00005f50| 20 57 68 65 6e 20 63 6f | 64 69 6e 67 2c 20 68 61 | When co|ding, ha|
|00005f60| 6e 64 6c 65 73 20 64 6f | 6e 27 74 20 73 6c 6f 77 |ndles do|n't slow|
|00005f70| 20 6d 65 20 64 6f 77 6e | 2e 20 54 68 65 79 20 61 | me down|. They a|
|00005f80| 72 65 0d 6a 75 73 74 20 | 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 |re.just |another |
|00005f90| 64 61 74 61 20 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 75 72 65 2e 20 |data str|ucture. |
|00005fa0| 20 54 72 75 65 2c 20 69 | 74 20 73 6c 6f 77 73 20 | True, i|t slows |
|00005fb0| 74 68 65 20 73 79 73 74 | 65 6d 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 |the syst|em down |
|00005fc0| 6d 6f 76 69 6e 67 0d 74 | 68 65 20 68 61 6e 64 6c |moving.t|he handl|
|00005fd0| 65 73 20 28 61 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 69 72 20 64 61 |es (and |their da|
|00005fe0| 74 61 29 20 61 72 6f 75 | 6e 64 2c 20 62 75 74 20 |ta) arou|nd, but |
|00005ff0| 69 74 20 69 73 20 6a 75 | 73 74 20 61 73 20 75 67 |it is ju|st as ug|
|00006000| 6c 79 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | 65 0d 57 69 6e 64 6f 7a |ly on th|e.Windoz|
|00006010| 65 20 73 69 64 65 2e 0d | 0d 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 |e side..|.I have |
|00006020| 74 6f 20 61 64 6d 69 74 | 2c 20 74 68 61 74 20 6f |to admit|, that o|
|00006030| 6e 65 20 66 65 61 74 75 | 72 65 20 6f 66 20 57 69 |ne featu|re of Wi|
|00006040| 6e 64 6f 7a 65 20 73 61 | 76 65 64 20 6d 79 20 62 |ndoze sa|ved my b|
|00006050| 75 74 74 20 28 77 65 20 | 68 61 64 0d 74 6f 20 62 |utt (we |had.to b|
|00006060| 75 69 6c 64 20 61 20 32 | 20 6d 62 20 73 74 72 75 |uild a 2| mb stru|
|00006070| 63 74 75 72 65 20 69 6e | 20 6f 72 64 65 72 20 74 |cture in| order t|
|00006080| 6f 20 67 65 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 70 65 65 64 20 |o get th|e speed |
|00006090| 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 64 | 20 66 6f 72 0d 61 20 63 |required| for.a c|
|000060a0| 75 73 74 6f 6d 65 72 20 | 2d 20 69 66 20 77 65 20 |ustomer |- if we |
|000060b0| 68 61 64 20 75 73 65 64 | 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 7a 65 |had used| Windoze|
|000060c0| 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 73 | 20 69 74 20 77 6f 75 6c | handles| it woul|
|000060d0| 64 20 68 61 76 65 20 6d | 65 61 6e 74 20 72 65 2d |d have m|eant re-|
|000060e0| 0d 77 72 69 74 69 6e 67 | 20 6c 61 72 67 65 20 63 |.writing| large c|
|000060f0| 68 75 6e 6b 73 20 6f 66 | 20 73 2f 77 20 69 6e 20 |hunks of| s/w in |
|00006100| 61 20 63 6f 75 70 6c 65 | 20 6f 66 20 64 61 79 73 |a couple| of days|
|00006110| 2e 0d 0d 49 74 20 72 65 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 62 6f 69 |...It re|ally boi|
|00006120| 6c 73 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 | 74 6f 20 6d 65 74 68 6f |ls down |to metho|
|00006130| 64 6f 6c 6f 67 79 2e 20 | 41 6e 64 20 74 68 61 74 |dology. |And that|
|00006140| 20 69 73 20 61 62 6f 75 | 74 20 61 20 74 6f 75 63 | is abou|t a touc|
|00006150| 68 79 0d 73 75 62 6a 65 | 63 74 20 61 73 20 72 65 |hy.subje|ct as re|
|00006160| 6c 69 67 69 6f 6e 20 61 | 6e 64 20 70 6f 6c 69 74 |ligion a|nd polit|
|00006170| 69 63 73 21 0d 0d 43 68 | 65 65 72 69 6f 2c 0d 0d |ics!..Ch|eerio,..|
|00006180| 4c 6c 6f 79 64 0d 0d 2d | 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |Lloyd..-| -------|
|00006190| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000061a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000061b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000061c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 4c 6c |--------|-----.Ll|
|000061d0| 6f 79 64 20 53 61 72 67 | 65 6e 74 20 20 20 20 20 |oyd Sarg|ent     |
|000061e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 7c 20 22 7b 54 68 65 |        | | "{The|
|000061f0| 20 6d 69 63 65 7d 20 61 | 72 65 20 6d 65 72 65 6c | mice} a|re merel|
|00006200| 79 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 | 6f 74 72 75 73 69 6f 6e |y the pr|otrusion|
|00006210| 73 20 69 6e 74 6f 0d 43 | 61 6e 6e 61 20 53 6f 66 |s into.C|anna Sof|
|00006220| 74 77 61 72 65 20 44 65 | 76 65 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e |tware De|velopmen|
|00006230| 74 20 7c 20 6f 75 72 20 | 64 69 6d 65 6e 73 69 6f |t | our |dimensio|
|00006240| 6e 20 6f 66 20 76 61 73 | 74 20 68 79 70 65 72 2d |n of vas|t hyper-|
|00006250| 69 6e 74 65 6c 6c 69 67 | 65 6e 74 20 70 61 6e 2d |intellig|ent pan-|
|00006260| 0d 44 65 6c 20 56 61 6c | 6c 65 2c 20 54 65 78 61 |.Del Val|le, Texa|
|00006270| 73 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 7c 20 64 69 |s       |    | di|
|00006280| 6d 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 61 | 6c 20 62 65 69 6e 67 73 |mensiona|l beings|
|00006290| 2c 20 74 68 77 20 77 68 | 6f 6c 65 20 62 75 73 69 |, thw wh|ole busi|
|000062a0| 6e 65 73 73 20 77 69 74 | 68 0d 49 6e 66 6f 62 61 |ness wit|h.Infoba|
|000062b0| 68 6e 3a 20 63 61 6e 6e | 61 40 62 67 61 2e 63 6f |hn: cann|a@bga.co|
|000062c0| 6d 20 20 20 20 7c 20 63 | 68 65 65 73 65 20 61 6e |m    | c|heese an|
|000062d0| 64 20 73 71 75 65 61 6b | 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 6a |d squeak|ing is j|
|000062e0| 75 73 74 20 61 20 66 72 | 6f 6e 74 22 0d 41 70 70 |ust a fr|ont".App|
|000062f0| 6c 65 4c 69 6e 6b 3a 20 | 43 41 4e 4e 41 2e 53 57 |leLink: |CANNA.SW|
|00006300| 2e 44 45 56 20 20 20 20 | 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.DEV    ||       |
|00006310| 20 20 20 20 20 48 69 74 | 63 68 68 69 6b 65 72 73 |     Hit|chhikers|
|00006320| 20 47 75 69 64 65 20 54 | 6f 20 54 68 65 20 47 61 | Guide T|o The Ga|
|00006330| 6c 61 78 79 0d 56 6f 69 | 63 65 3a 20 35 31 32 2e |laxy.Voi|ce: 512.|
|00006340| 32 34 33 2e 30 32 38 33 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |243.0283|        |
|00006350| 7c 20 22 6e 61 6d 20 65 | 74 20 69 70 73 61 20 73 || "nam e|t ipsa s|
|00006360| 63 69 65 6e 74 69 61 20 | 70 6f 74 65 73 74 61 73 |cientia |potestas|
|00006370| 20 65 73 74 22 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 35 31 32 | est".  |     512|
|00006380| 2e 32 34 33 2e 33 33 35 | 35 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.243.335|5       |
|00006390| 20 7c 20 7b 66 6f 72 20 | 6b 6e 6f 77 6c 65 64 67 | | {for |knowledg|
|000063a0| 65 20 74 6f 6f 20 69 73 | 20 69 74 73 65 6c 66 20 |e too is| itself |
|000063b0| 70 6f 77 65 72 7d 0d 20 | 22 42 65 65 6e 20 74 68 |power}. |"Been th|
|000063c0| 65 72 65 2c 20 64 6f 6e | 65 20 74 68 61 74 2e 22 |ere, don|e that."|
|000063d0| 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 |  |     |       F|
|000063e0| 72 61 6e 63 69 73 20 42 | 61 63 6f 6e 0d 0d 2b 2b |rancis B|acon..++|
|000063f0| 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b | 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b |++++++++|++++++++|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+