Carignan, Paul C. The Beaches: A Multi-component Habitation Site in Bonavista Bay. Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada, Paper no. 39. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1975.
Stone tools of the Maritime Archaic, Dorset Eskimo, and Recent Indian periods are described in detail in this account of the excavations at the Beaches site in 1972 and 1973. Speculations about the origin of Beothuk culture are included.
____________Beothuk Archaeology in Bonavista Bay. Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada, Paper no. 69. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1977.
Excavations at four Recent Indian sites on the coast of Bonavista Bay dated between A.D. 210 and 905 are described. Data on settlement patterns and stone artifacts lead Carignan to suggest that Bonavista Bay was occupied by both Indians and Dorset Eskimos during the period and that the Recent Indian people were descended from earlier Maritime Archaic Indians.
Fitzhugh, William W Environmental Archaeology and Cultural Systems in Hamilton Inlet, Labrador, Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, no. 16. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution, 1972.
A detailed discussion of Fitzhugh's excavations on Maritime Archaic, Dorset Eskimo, Recent Indian, and Thule Eskimo sites.
Harp, Elmer, Jr. The Cultural Affinities of the Newfoundland Dorset Eskimo. National Museums of Canada, Bulletin 200. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1964.
Harp reviews the then-current knowledge of Dorset Eskimo culture and compares his material from western Newfoundland with that on Dorset sites elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic. A brief section is devoted to Indian occupations in the Port-au-Choix region.
Hewson, John. Beothuk Vocabularies: A Comparative Study. Technical Papers of the Newfoundland Museum, no. 2. St. John's: Newfoundland Museum, 1978.
Hewson draws together information on the Beothuk language from a number of eighteenth and nineteenth century sources. The book lays to rest the absurd claims that the Beothuk language is related to a language other than a North American tongue.
Howley, James P. The Beothucks or Red Indians, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1915; reissued by Coles Publishing Co., Toronto, 1979.
This remains the standard reference on the Beothuk Indians. Although many of the artifacts illustrated by Howley and attributed by him to the Beothuks are now known to be Dorset Eskimo or Maritime Archaic, his collection of documentary evidence stretching from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century remains virtually complete.
Jordan, Richard H., ed. Selected Papers from a Symposium on Central Labrador Archaeology. Arctic Anthropology, 15, no. 2 (1978).
Pollen analysis, environmental change, sources of lithic raw materials, and the prehistory of the region from Maritime Archaic to historic Inuit times make up the bulk of this volume. A single article on Indian occupations at IndianHouse Lake near the Quebec-Labrador border provides a new perspective on the prehistory of the interior of the Quebec-Labrador peninsula.
Kennedy, Brenda. Marriage Patterns in an Archaic Population. Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada, Paper no. 104. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1981.
A study of the various traits on the skeletons from Port-au-Choix. From this evidence Kennedy deduces that marriage patterns required females, probably from several local bands, to take up residence within the male's band at the time of marriage. An excellent example of social information derived from archaeological data.
Linnamae, Urve. The Dorset Culture: A Comparative Study in Newfoundland and the Arctic. Technical Papers of the Newfoundland Museum, no. 1. St. John's: Newfoundland Museum, 1975.
Linnamae's excavations near Port-aux-Basques and in White Bay are described, and Newfoundland Dorset Eskimo remains are compared with those from the Arctic. Although mostly concerned with material from A.D. 1 to 500, this book presents the first evidence for earlier Palaeo-Eskimo occupations of the island of Newfoundland.
Marshall, Ingeborg. The Beothuk Indians of Newfoundland. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1984. Oracle Series.
A short account of Beothuk culture and experience.
McGhee, Robert. The Burial at L'Anse-Amour. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1976.
In just a few pages, the author makes 7,500-year-old human experiences come alive. The booklet is a fictional account of the events that might have produced the unusual burial at L'Anse-Amour. As a non-technical explanation for the origins of the burial mound, it is both believable and entertaining.
_____________.Canadian Arctic Prehistory. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1978; distributed in Canada by Van Nostrand Reinhold Ltd.
The account of Canadian arctic archaeology from 30,000 years ago to the nineteenth century is the most readable summary available. Chapters on Palaeolithic Indians and theories of Eskimo origins set the stage for discussions of more recent arctic cultures such as the early Palaeo-Eskimos, the Dorset people, and the ancestors of the modern Inuit.
McGhee, Robert, and James A. Tuck. An Archaic Sequence from the Strait of Belle Isle, Labrador. Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada, paper no. 34, Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1975.
A sequence of Indian cultures extending from 9,000 years ago to the beginning of the Christian era is proposed following a description of excavations in southern Labrador in 1973 and 1974.
Rowe, Frederick, W. Extinction: The Beothuks of Newfoundland. Scarborough: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1977.
As probably the most accurate history of European-Beothuk contacts to appear to date, this book challenges the slaughter for fun explanation of the Beothuks' demise.
Sproull, Jane Thomson, ed. Archaeology in Newfoundland and Labrador. St. John's: Department of Culture, Recreation and Youth, Historic Resources Division, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, published annually from 1980 on.
All historic and prehistoric archaeology carried out in the province during the past year is represented in this collection of research reports.
Taylor, J. Garth. Labrador Eskimo Settlements of the Early Contact Period. Publications in Ethnology, no. 9. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1974.
The author concludes that non-ecological factors such as weak authority and personal conflict may have prevented settlements from growing to their maximum potential as defined by ecological limits. Archival research provides the reader with fascinating details of Inuit life in the late 1700s.
Tuck, James A. Prehistory of Saglek Bay, Labrador: Archaic and Palaeo-Eskimo Occupations. Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada, Paper no. 32. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1975.
A reconstruction of Maritime Archaic, early Palaeo-Eskimo and Dorset Eskimo cultures is attempted, and possible Eskimo-Indian contacts are discussed.
____________. An Archaic Cemetery at Port-au-Choix, Newfoundland. Scientific American, 222, no. 6(1970): 112-121.
A semi-popular account of the Maritime Archaic cemetery at Port-au-Choix with descriptions of the skeletons and artifacts and inferences about the way of life of the people who left their dead at Port-au-Choix 3,500 to 9,000 years ago.
____________. Ancient People of Port-au-Choix, Newfoundland. Social and Economic Studies, no. 17. St. John's: Institute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1976.
The Maritime Archaic tradition is discussed in relation to economy, subsistence, settlement patterns, technology, magic and religion. The 1968 excavations at the Port au Choix Maritime Archaic cemetery are described, and appendices summarize the technical information derived from the findings.
____________. Newfoundland and Labrador Prehistory. Scarborough: Van Nostrand Reinhold, Ltd. and National Museum of Man, 1976.
Nearly 9,000 years of Newfoundland and Labrador prehistory are summarized. Brief descriptions of important excavations and of the way of life of the various prehistory peoples make up the bulk of the text.
Tuck, James A., and Robert McGhee. "An Archaic Indian Burial Mound in Labrador." Scientific American, 235, no 5 (1976): 122-129.
The excavations at the 7,500-year-old burial mound at L'Anse-Amour are described and some suggestions as to why a young child might be accorded such an unusual burial are offered.
Wright, James V. Quebec Prehistory. Toronto: Van Nostrand Reinhold, Ltd and National Museum of Man, 1979.
This prehistory of the province of Quebec which includes Archaic and more recent Indian cultures and Palaeo-Eskimo peoples from northern Quebec is highly recommended for general audiences.
