Dumond, Don E. The Eskimos and Aleuts. London: Thames and Hudson, 1977. An advanced text with much archaeological detail, especially on the prehistory of Alaska.
Giddings, James L. Ancient Men of the Arctic. New York: Knopf, 1967. A very interesting account of Arctic prehistory, told as an autobiography of a lifetime's work in the field, primarily in Alaska.
McGhee, Robert. Canadian Arctic Prehistory. Canadian Prehistory Series. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1990. A general illustrated handbook covering the material in this volume.
EARLY INDIAN OCCUPATIONS
Gordon, Bryan C. Migod 8,000 Years of Barrenland Prehistory. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 56. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1976. An archaeological monograph on a Barren Grounds site.
McGhee, Robert, and James A. Tuck. An Archaic Sequence from the Strait of Belle Isle, Labrador. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 34. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1975. An archaeological monograph on Indian sites in southern Labrador.
Morlan, Richard E. "Fluted Point Makers and the Extinction of the Arctic Steppe Biome in Eastern Beringia." Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 1 (1977): 95 108. A speculative article on early hunters of the northwest, with an extensive bibliography.
Tuck, James A. Newfoundland and Labrador Prehistory. Canadian Prehistory Series. Ottawa National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1976. A general illustrated handbook, including material on the Indian occupations of Labrador.
---------- Prehistory of Saglek Bay, Labrador. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 32. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1975. An archaeological monograph on sites in northern Labrador.
Wright, J.V. The Aberdeen Site, Keewatin District, N.W.T. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 2. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1972.
The Grant Lake Site, Keewatin District, N.W.T. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 47. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1976. Both are archaeological monographs on Barren Grounds sites.
IMMIGRANTS FROM SIBERIA
Aigner, Jean S. "The Unifacial Core and Blade Site on AnanguIa Island, Aleutians." Arctic Anthropology, 7 (1970): 59 88. A description of the earliest Aleutians material.
Anderson, Douglas D. "A Stone Age Campsite at the Gateway to America." Scientific American, 218 (1968): 24-33. A summary of finds at one of the most important sites in Alaska.
--------- Akmak: An Early Archaeological Assemblage from Onion Portage, Northwest Alaska. Acta Arctica 16. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1970. An archaeological monograph on early Siberian-related material.
Clark, Donald W. Ocean Bay: An Early North Pacific Maritime Culture. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 86. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1979. An archaeological monograph on early occupations of southern Alaska.
Giddings, James L. The Archaeology of Cape Denbigh. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University Press, 1964. An archaeological monograph that includes a description of the type site for the Alaskan ASTt.
McGhee, Robert. "Parsimony Isn't Everything: An Alternative View of Eskaleutian Linguistics and Prehistory." Bulletin of the Canadian Archaeological Association, 8 (1976): 60 81. Speculative discussion of various views of Eskimo origins.
EARLY PALAEOESKIMOS
Gordon, Bryan C. Of Men and Herds in Barrenland Prehistory. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 28. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1975. An archaeological monograph on interior ASTt sites.
Maxwell, Moreau S. Archaeology of the Lake Harbour District, Baffin Island. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 6. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1973. An archaeological monograph on ASTt sites.
--------- Eastern Arctic Prehistory: Paleoeskimo Problems. Washington: Society for American Archaeology, 1976, Memoir No. 31. A collection of archaeological papers dealing with aspects of the ASTt in arctic Canada.
McGhee, Robert. The Palaeoeskimo Occupations at Point Refuge, High Arctic Canada. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 92. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of canada, 1979. An archaeological monograph on High Arctic sites.
Taylor, William E. The Arnapik and Tyara Sites: An Archaeological Study of Dorset Culture Origins. Salt Lake City: Society for American Archaeology, 1968, Memoir No. 22. An archaeological monograph on the origins of Dorset culture.
DORSET PALAEOESKlMO CULTURE
Harp, Elmer, Jr. The Cultural Affinities of the Newfoundland Dorset Eskimo. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1964, Bulletin 200. An archaeological monograph on Newfoundland Dorset culture.
Linnamae, Urve. The Dorset Culture: A Comparative Study of Newfoundland and the Arctic. Technical Papers, no. 1. St. John's: Newfoundland Museum, 1975. An archaeological monograph discussing the varieties of Dorset culture.
Taylor, William E., and George Swinton. "Prehistoric Dorset Art." The Beaver, Outfit 298 (1967): 32 47. Discussion by an archaeologist and an artist on the nature of Dorset art.
Also of use are the titles by Maxwell (1973 and 1976) and Taylor (1968) listed above.
DEVELOPMENT OF ALASKAN ESKIMO CULTURE
Collins, Henry B. Archaeology of St. Lawrence Island. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, no. 96 (1). Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1937. An archaeological monograph on the cultures around Bering Strait.
Larsen, Helge, and Froelich Rainey. Ipiutak and the Arctic Whale Hunting Culture. Anthropological Papers, no. 42. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1948. An archaeological monograph on an important site in North Alaska.
Also of use are the titles by Anderson (1968), Clark (1979), Giddings (1964) and McGhee (1976), listed above.
THULE CULTURE
Mathiassen, Therkel. Archaeology of the Central Eskimos. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition, 1921 24, volume 4. Copenhagen, Gyldendal, 1927. The monograph that defined the Thule tradition.
McCartney, Allen P. Thule Eskimo Prehistory Along Northwestern Hudson Bay. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 70. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1977. An archaeological monograph on early Thule sites in Hudson Bay.
----------- Thule Eskimo Culture: An Anthropological Retrospective. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 88. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1979. A collection of papers by archaeologists and anthropologists on Thule culture.
Schledermann, Peter. Thule Eskimo Prehistory of Cumberland Sound, Baffin Island, Canada. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 38. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1975. An archaeological monograph on the Baffin Island area.
Stanford, Dennis. The Walakpa Site, Alaska: Its Place in the Birnirk and Thule Cultures. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, no. 26. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1976. An archaeological monograph on a North Alaskan site where Thule culture, first developed.
Taylor, William E., and Robert McGhee. Archaeological Material from Creswell Bay, N.W.T., Canada. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 85. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1979. An archaeological report on a Thule site in the central Arctic.
LITTLE ICE AGE AND THE HISTORIC INUIT
Boas, Franz, with an introduction by Henry B. Collins. The Central Eskimo. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1972. A monograph based on field work in the vicinity of Cumberland Sound and Davis Strait in the 1880s.
Clark, Brenda L. The Development of Caribou Eskimo Culture. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 59. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1977. A monograph on the development of the unique Inuit culture of the Barren Grounds.
Jenness, Diamond. People of the Twilight. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959. A record of the author's life and observations with the Copper Inuit of Coronation Gulf.
McGhee, Robert. Copper Eskimo Prehistory. Publications in Archaeology, no. 2. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1972. A monograph on the transition from Thule to Historic cultures in the central Arctic.
1993 UPDATE
CANADIAN ARCTIC PREHISTORY
Robert McGhee
The past decade has added to our knowledge of certain details relating to Arctic prehistory, but the general outlines remain little changed from those described above. Perhaps the most interesting changes involve evidence relating to contact between the Inuit of the eastern Arctic and the Norse who established colonies in Greenland between A.D. 1000 and 1500. The Inuit may have encountered the Norse and sporadically traded with them over several centuries. In addition, they may have continued to communicate with occasional European visitors to the eastern Arctic after the Norse abandoned Greenland. Involvement with European trade, and the possible introduction of European diseases, may have effected significant developments in Inuit culture over the past thousand years.
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
Arnold, C.D. The Lagoon Site: Implications for Palaeoeskimo Interactions. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 107. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1981.
Maxwell, Moreau S. Eastern Arctic Prehistory. Orlando: Academic Press, 1985.
McCullough, Karen M. The Ruin Islanders: Early Thule Culture Pioneers in the Eastern High Arctic. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 141. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1989.
McGhee, Robert. The Thule Village at Brooman Point, High Arctic Canada. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 125. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1984.
--------- "Contact Between Native North Americans and the Mediaeval Norse: A Review of the Evidence." American Antiquity 49, no. 1 (1984): 4-26.
Morrison, David. Iglualumiut Prehistory: The Lost Inuit of Franklin Bay. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, Paper No. 142. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1990.
Schledermann, Peter. Crossroads to Greenland: 3000 Years of Prehistory in the Eastern High Arctic. Komatik Series, no. 2. Calgary: Arctic Institute of North America, 1990.
