By the end of the nineteenth century, oil works had come a long way from the outdoor vat pictured in illustration 10. This lithograph shows the Arctic Oil Works at San Francisco, the first whale oil refinery on the American west coast, built in the 1880s. It was owned by the same businessmen who owned the Pacific Steam Whaling Company, the dominant shipowners in the Beaufort Sea whaling industry.
Courtesy: The Mariner's Museum, Newport News, Virginia
