There are few, readily available, secondary sources relating to the history of Saint John. Among those which can be acquired easily, the most authoritative studies on the founding of the city are by Esther Clark Wright: The Loyalists of New Brunswick (Fredericton: The Author, 1955) and The Saint John River (Toronto: McClelIand and Stewart, 1949). While no study deals specifically with the economic history of Saint John, there is good background material in Arthur R. M. Lower, Great Britain's Woodyard: British America and the Timber Trade, 1763-1867 (Montr│al: McGill-Queen's University Press, c 1973). Three papers from the colloquium Nineteenth-Century New Brunswick are printed in Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 4th series, 15 (1977).
The problems of the poor and of immigrants are dealt with in the following articles: James M. Whalen, "The Nineteenth-Century Almshouse System in Saint John County", Histoire Sociale/Social History, 7(1971), pp. 5-27 and "Social Welfare in New Brunswick, 1784-1900", Acadiensis, 2, no.1 (1972), pp. 54-64; Estella Kennedy, "Immigrants, Cholera and the Saint John Sisters of Charity, 1854-1864", Canadian Catholic Historical Association, Study Sessions, (1977), pp. 25-44 and Judith Fingard, "The Relief of the Unemployed Poor in Saint John, Halifax and St. John's, 1815-1860", Acadiensis, 5, no.1 (1975), pp. 32-53. W. A. Spray's The Blacks in New Brunswick (Fredericton: Brunswick Press, c1972) is also quite useful.
Some excellent material on the city can be found in the Collections of the New Brunswick Historical Society; of particular interest are volumes X, XII and XIV which contain reminiscences and anecdotal accounts of the city's early history. The same society also published Loyalist Souvenir; One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Landing of the Loyalists in the Province of New Brunswick, 1783-1933.
There is a wealth of publications on the Loyalists and the following titles are simply a selection: G.N.D. Evans, The Loyalists (Toronto: Copp Clark, c 1968; Problems in Canadian History series); Isabel Louise Hall, Some Loyalists and Others (Fredericton: the Author, 1976); issues of The Loyalist Gazette published by the United Empire Loyalists' Association of Canada; George Rawlyk, "The Federalist-Loyalist Alliance in New Brunswick, 1784-1815", Humanities Association Review, 27 (1976), pp. 142-60; United Empire Loyalists, Loyalists of the American Revolution Series, edited by Mary Archibald (Toronto: Dundurn Press Ltd.), provides brief biographies of various Loyalists; A.R.M. Lower, "Loyalist Cities: Saint John, New Brunswick and Kingston, Ontario", Queen's Quarterly, 72 (1965), pp. 657-64; Murray Barkley, "The Loyalist Tradition in New Brunswick: the Growth and Evolution of an Historical Myth, 1825-1914", Acadiensis, 4, no.2 (1975), pp. 3-45 and Stuart A. Smith, Loyalist Architecture of British North America (Canada's Visual History, volume 43).
The New Brunswick Museum has already published several items of relevance to New Brunswick during the nineteenth century: The Loyalists; A catalogue featuring selected pieces of Loyalist history from the collections of the New Brunswick Museum, edited with introduction by A. Gregg Finley, photography by Don Simpson (Saint John: 1975); Heritage Furniture/Le mobilier traditionnel, edited with an introduction by A. Gregg Finley (Saint John: 1976); and Women's Attire/Les v░tements f│minins; A Catalogue featuring selected women's wearing apparel from the collections of the New Brunswick Museum, edited with an introduction by Valerie Simpson (Saint John: 1977). By examining the photographs in these volumes, the reader can imagine the appearance of the interiors of some Saint John homes and of some of the city's nineteenth-century inhabitants.
Also of interest are: David Roberts, "Social Structure in a Commercial City: Saint John 1871", Urban History Review/Revue d'histoire urbaine, 2-74, pp. 15-18; C. M. Wallace, "Saint John, New Brunswick (1800-1900)", Urban History Review/Revue d'histoire urbaine, 1-75, pp. 15-21 and Alan F. J. Artibise and Gilbert A. Stelter, editors, The City in Canada (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart; Ottawa: Institute of Canadian Studies, Carleton University, 1977; The Carleton Library, no. 109).
In addition to these sources the are early accounts of the city and the province which are of considerable interest. For specific titles consult the New Brunswick bibliography section in Norah Story, The Oxford Companion to Canadian History and Literature (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1967), pp. 554-557 and William Morley, The Atlantic Provinces: Canadian Local History to 1950 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1967). As many of these publications are now quite rare, they must usually be consulted at the depository in which they are located. The most valuable publication is Saint John and the Province of New Brunswick (Saint John: J. R. Hamilton, 1883; Board of Trade edition) which is a handbook for travellers, tourists and businessmen. A copy is held by the New Brunswick Museum. Newspapers provide fascinating views of many aspects of the city's past. The following papers have been microfilmed by the Canadian Library Association and can either be purchased from the organization or consulted at a library or archives which has acquired the microfilm copies: Morning Freeman (1851-1884); Saint John Gazette (1784-1807); Saint John Globe (1862--1873); Saint John Morning Journal (1865-1869); New Brunswick Courier (1811-1865); New Dominion and True Humorist (1864-1878); Saint John Daily News (1839-1884) and the Saint John Telegraph (1862-1873). For information about local history in the Atlantic Provinces consult William B. Hamilton, Local History in Atlantic Canada (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, c1974).
