As the business and professional people abandoned the city core, they constructed their residences first in the newly settled areas of Wellington Ward; then, as the city continued to expand, some of the more well-to-do moved onto the Portland Heights beyond the city limits. From here they commuted to their places of business by horse and carriage. This painting by Emma C.K. Jack (ca. 1840-1918) is based on a photograph taken around 1860 and shows substantial houses surrounded by spacious grounds.
