Here we see the interior of the International Manufacturing Company of MontrΘal. Each worker is assigned to a machine and repeats the same actions over and over. Unlike work in the artisanal stage of production, factory work did not require a long apprenticeship, so skilled workers were not needed. As was typical of early factory production, the machine tools shown here do not have their own motors; they are connected by long driving-belts to an axle on the ceiling, which is turned by a single steam turbine located in another part of the factory. This technical organization of work forced workers to keep pace with the machine. Consequently, they had to work at a much faster rate than did the artisan with his hand tools.
