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DVIPS
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dvips.rnh
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1993-01-24
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.RM 68
.NO NUMBER
.NO PAGING
.STHL 5,1,1
.lm 0
1 DVIPS
.lm 2
The dvips program converts a TEX dvi file into a PostScript file for
printing or distribution. Seldom has such a seemingly easy programming task
required so much effort. The dvips program has a number of features that set
it apart from other PostScript drivers for TEX. The dvips driver generates
excellent, standard PostScript, that can be included in other documents as
figures or printed through a variety of spoolers. The generated PostScript
requires very little printer memory, so very complex documents with a lot of
fonts can easily be printed even on PostScript printers without much memory,
such as the original Apple LaserWriter. The PostScript output is also
compact, requiring less disk space to store and making it feasible as a
transfer format.
.skip 1
Missing fonts can be automatically generated if METAFONT exists on the
system, or fonts can be converted from gf to pk format on demand. If a
font cannot be generated, a scaled version of the same font at a different
size can be used instead, although dvips will complain loudly about the
poor aesthetics of the resulting output.
.skip 1
.literal
usage:
DVIPS filename[.dvi]
.end literal
.skip 1
.lm 0
2 Parameters
.s
.lm 2
Filename
.s
Specifies the name of the .DVI file that is to be processed.
.lm 0
2 Command__Qualifiers
.skip 1
/COPIES
.lm 6
.skip 1
/COPIES=num
.lm 2
.skip 1
Generate num copies of every page. Default is 1.
(For collated copies, see the /COLLATE option.)
.skip 1
.lm 0
/DEBUG
.skip 1
.lm 6
/DEBUG=num
.lm 2
.skip 1
Set the debug flags. This is intended only for
emergencies or for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it
will work only if dvips has been compiled with the
DEBUG option. Use
.skip 1
.literal
num=1 for special
num=2 for paths
num=4 for fonts
num=8 for pages
num=16 for headers
num=32 for font compression
num=64 for files
num=128 for memory allocation
.end literal
.skip 1
Use a value of -1 for maximum output.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/MAXDRIFT
.skip 1
.lm 6
/MAXDRIFT=num
.lm 2
.skip 1
Make sure that each character is placed at most this many pixels
from its `true' resolution-independent position on the page. The
default value of this parameter is resolution dependent (it is the
number of entries in the list [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800,
1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, 2800, 3200, : : :] that are less
than or equal to the resolution in dots per inch). Allowing
individual characters to `drift' from their correctly rounded
positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true position at
the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of letters in
words.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/FILTER
.skip 1
.lm 2
Run as a filter. Read the dvi file from standard input and write
the PostScript to standard output. The standard input must be seekable, so
it cannot be a pipe. If you must use a pipe, write a shell script that copies
the pipe output to a temporary file and then points dvips at this file. i-h
name: Prepend file name as an additional header file. (However, if the name
is simply `- ', suppress all header files from the output.) This header file
gets added to the PostScript userdict.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/LAST
.skip 1
.lm 6
/LAST=num
.lm 2
.skip 1
The last page printed will be the first one numbered num. Default
is the last page in the document.
.skip 1
If the /ABSOLUTE qualifier has been used then it (and any argument to the
/START qualifier) is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to
compare with \count0 values. Thus, using /LAST=9/ABSOLUTE will end with
the ninth page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually
numbered.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/MANUAL
.skip 1
.lm 2
Specify manual feed for printer.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/NUMBER
.skip 1
.lm 6
/NUMBER=num
.lm 2
.skip 1
At most num pages will be printed. Default is 100000.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/OUTPUT
.skip 1
.lm 6
/OUTPUT=filename.ext
.lm 2
.skip 1
The output will be sent to file name. If no file name is given,
the default name is file.ps where the dvi file was called
file.dvi .
.skip 1
.lm 0
/START
.skip 1
.lm 6
/START=num
.lm 2
.skip 1
The first page printed will be the first one numbered
num. Default is the first page in the document.
.skip 1
If the /ABSOLUTE qualifier has been used then it (and any argument to the
/LAST qualifier) is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to
compare with \count0 values. Thus, using /START=3/ABSOLUTE will start with
the third page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually
numbered.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/QUIET
.skip 1
.lm 2
Run in quiet mode. Don't chatter about pages converted,
etc.; report nothing but errors to standard error.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/REVERSE
.skip 1
.lm 2
Stack pages in reverse order. Normally, page 1 will be printed
first.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/SAV__RES
.skip 1
.lm 2
Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a save/restore
pair. This causes the file to not be truly conformant, and is
thus not recommended, but is useful if you are driving the printer
directly and don't care too much about the portability of the
output.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/MODE
.skip 1
.lm 6
/MODE=modename
.lm 2
.skip 1
This sets the paper mode to modename. Currently, the only modes
allowable are
.skip 1
.literal
"letter", which selects an 8.5 by 11 inch page,
"a3", which selects an a3 sized page,
"a4" , which selects an a4 sized page,
"legal", which selects an 8.5 by 14 inch page,
"ledger", which selects an 11 by 17 inch page, and
"landscape", which rotates a letter size document by 90 degrees.
.end literal
.skip 1
WARNING: always include paper format between quotation marks!
.skip 1
The default mode is "letter". The upper left corner of each page in
the dvi file is placed one inch from the left and one inch from the top.
.skip 1
If you want to specify a paper format (e.g. a4) AND landscape
mode, you must use something like
.literal
/MODE=("landscape","a4")
.end literal
putting "landscape" as the first value.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/MAGNIFICATION
.skip 1
.lm 6
/MAGNIFICATION=num
.lm 2
.skip 1
Set the magnification ratio to num/1000. Overrides the
magnification specified in the dvi file. Must be between 10 and
100000.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/COLLATE
.skip 1
.lm 6
/COLLATE=num
.lm 2
.skip 1
Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
PostScript file). Slower than the /COPIES option, but easier on
the hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file
multiple times.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/DPI
.skip 1
.lm 6
/DPI=num
.lm 2
.skip 1
Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num. This
affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and also the
positioning of letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must be
between 10 and 10000. This affects both the horizontal and
vertical resolution. If a high resolution (something greater than
400 dpi, say) is selected, the /COMPRESS flag should probably also
be used.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/CTRL__D
.skip 1
.lm 2
Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the
very last character of the PostScript file. This is useful
when dvips is driving the printer directly instead of working
through a spooler, as is common on extremely small systems.
Otherwise, it is not recommended.
.skip 1
.lm 0
/INC__COM
.skip 1
.lm 6
/INC__COM (default)
.break
/NOINC__COM
.lm 2
.skip 1
/NOINC__COM option causes comments in included PostScript graphics,
font files, and headers to be removed. This is sometimes
necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript
post-processing programs. Specifically, the %%Page comments,
when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can
cause some included graphics to fail, since the PostScript header
ma