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Text File | 1996-07-11 | 38.7 KB | 791 lines

*mmddyyyy Birthdays *-------- ------------------------------------------------------------ B01061367 King Richard II B01061412 Saint Joan of Arc, the ‘Maid of Orléans’ B01221440 Ivan III (the Great): Grand Duke of Muscovy B01011449 Lorenzo de’Medici (‘The Magnificent’): statesman B01281457 King Henry VII B01071502 Pope Gregory XIII B01091554 Pope Gregory XV B01191544 Francis II: King of France B01221561 Sir Francis Bacon (Viscount St. Albans): statesman & lawyer B01151622 Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin): French playwright, baptised B01251627 Robert Boyle: physicist & chemist B01041643 Sir Issac Newton: astronomer & scientist B01241670 William Congreve: playwright B01291688 Emanuel Swedenborg: Swedish scientist & philosopher B01171706 Benjamin Franklin: U.S. printer & diplomat B01281706 John Baskerville: typographer & printer B01041710 Giovanni Battista Pergolesi: Italian composer B01241712 Frederick the Great: King of Prussia B01021727 James Wolfe: British general B01011735 Paul Revere: silversmith & U.S. hero B01191736 James Watt: inventor & perfector of the steam engine B01291737 Thomas Paine: writer & reformer B01061745 Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier: French balloonist B01241746 Gustavus III: King of Sweden B01241749 Charles James Fox: politician B01231752 Muzio Clementi: Italian composer B01271756 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Austrian composer B01251759 Robert Burns: Scottish poet B01011767 Maria Edgeworth: writer B01071768 Joseph Bonaparte: King of Naples B01301775 Walter Savage Landor: writer B01181779 Peter Mark Roget: lexicographer B01271823 Victor-Antoine Édouard Lalo: French composer B01271832 Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson): writer B01231783 Stendhal (Marie-Henri Beyle): French writer B01051787 John Burke: Irish genealogist. Founder of ‘Burke’s Peerage’ B01221788 George Gordon Byron, 6th baron: poet B01311797 Franz Peter Schubert: Austrian composer B01071800 Millard Fillmore: 13th president of the United States B01191807 Robert E. Lee: Confederate general B01041809 Louis Braille: invented alphabet for the blind B01191809 Edgar Allan Poe: U.S. poet & writer B01191813 Sir Henry Bessemer: engineer B01081823 Alfred Russel Wallace: naturalist B01081824 William Wilkie Collins: writer B01211824 Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall) Jackson: U.S. Confederate general B01081830 Hans Guido von Bülow: German pianist & conductor B01281833 Charles George Gordon: general & hero of Khartoum B01061838 Max Karl August Bruch: German composer B01191839 Paul Cézanne: French painter B01051855 King Camp Gillette: U.S. safety-razor inventor B01111857 Fred Archer: jockey B01031870 Henry Handel Richardson (Ethel Florence Richardson): writer B01061872 Alexander Nikolaievich Scriabin: Russian composer B01251874 William Somerset Maugham: writer B01051876 Konrad Adenauer: German statesman B01041878 Augustus Edwin John: painter B01011879 Edward Morgan Forster: writer B01261880 Douglas MacArthur: U.S. General in World War II B01291880 W.C. Fields: U.S. film actor B01061880 Tom Mix (Thomas Edwin Mix): U.S. Western film actor B01101880 Grock (Adrien Wettach): Swiss-born international clown B01231832 Edouard Manet: French impressionistic painter B01181841 Alexis-Emmanuel Chabrier: French composer B01281841 Sir Henry Morton Stanley: journalist & explorer B01291843 William McKinley: 25th president of the U.S.A. B01071844 St. Bernadette of Lourdes B01221849 August Strindberg: Swedish playwright B01161853 André Michelin: French tyre-maker B01281855 William Seward Burroughs: U.S. inventor of adding machine B01271859 Wilhelm II: former Emperor of Germany B01291860 Anton Pavlovich Chekhov: Russian playwright & writer B01241862 Edith Newbold Wharton: U.S. writer B01291862 Frederick Delius: composer B01171863 David Lloyd George, first Earl: statesman B01111864 Henry Gordon Selfridge: founder of the London store B01291867 Vicente Blasco Ibáñez: Spanish writer B01311872 Zane Grey: U.S. writer B01281873 Colette (Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette): French writer B01141875 Doctor Albert Schweitzer: French missionary surgeon B01221875 David Wark Griffith: U.S. silent film producer B01121876 John Griffith (Jack) London: writer B01291876 Havergal Brian: composer B01121878 Ferenc Molnár: Hungarian playwright B01231878 Rutland Boughton: composer B01171880 Mack Sennett: U.S. film producer B01291880 W.C. Fields: U.S. film actor B01181882 A.A. Milne: writer B01251882 Adeline Virginia Woolf: writer B01301882 Franklin Delano Roosevelt: 32nd president of the U.S.A. B01311882 Peter Dawson: Australian bass-baritone B01311892 Anna Pavlova: Russian dancer B01031883 Clement Richard Atlee, first Earl: English Prime Minister B01101883 Alexei Nikolayevich Tolstoy: Russian writer & playwright B01171883 Sir Edward Montague Compton Mackenzie: writer B01181884 Arthur Mitchell Ransome: writer of children’s books B01281884 Auguste Piccard: Swiss balloonist & deep sea explorer B01081885 John Joseph Curtin: Australian prime minister B01271885 Jerome David Kern: U.S. composer B01141886 Hugh Lofting: author of the Doctor Doolittle books B01251886 Wilhelm Furtwängler: German conductor B01031888 James Bridie (Osborne Henry Mavor): playwright & physician B01031888 Herbert Morrison (Baron Morrison of Lambeth): statesman B01011889 Charles Bickford: U.S. film actor B01281899 Artur Rubinstein: classical pianist B01251891 Dame Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies: actress B01301891 Angela Margaret Thirkell: writer B01011892 Martin Niemöller: anti-Nazi German priest B01031892 John Ronald Reuel Tolkien: academic & writer B01181892 Oliver Norvell Hardy: partner of Stan Laurel B01141892 Hal Roach: U.S. film producer & director B01311892 Eddie Cantor: U.S. actor & entertainer B01151893 David Ivor Novello (Davies): composer & director B01311893 Dame Freya Stark: traveller & writer B01121893 Hermann Goering: German Nazi leader B01011895 John Edgar Hoover: Former director of the F.B.I. B01201896 George Burns: U.S. comedian & actor B01251896 Sir John Moores: founder of the Littlewoods Organistaion B01021897 Jimmy Nervo (James Holloway): comedian B01081897 Dennis Yates Wheatley: writer B01091898 Gracie Fields (Grace Stansfield): singer & actress B01231898 Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein: Russian film director B01071899 Francis-Jean Poulenc: French composer B01071899 Albert Alick (Al) Bowlly: singer B01121899 Paul Müller: Swiss chemist & producer of D.D.T. B01171899 Al (Alphonse) Capone: U.S. gangster B01171899 Nevil Shute Norway: writer B01231899 Lord Denning: formerly Master of the Rolls B01051902 Stella Gibbons (Mrs Allan Bourne Webb): poet & writer B01101903 Dame Barbara Hepworth: sculptor B01311903 Tallulah Brockman Bankhead: U.S. film actress B01161904 Phil Harris, at Linton, Indiana: U.S. singer B01141904 Sir Cecil Beaton: photographer & stage designer B01181904 Cary Grant (Archibald Alexander Leach): G.B./U.S. film actor B01021905 Sir Michael Tippett: composer B01041905 Sterling Holloway: U.S. film actor B01211905 Christian Dior: French exponent of ‘haute couture’ B01041906 William Bendix: U.S. film actor B01151906 Aristotle Onassis: Greek shipowner B01031907 Ray Milland (Reginald Truscott-Jones): British/U.S. film actor B01111907 Pierre Mendès-France: French politician B01121907 Tex Ritter (Woodward Maurice Ritter): U.S. Western film star B01161907 Alexander Knox: Canadian film actor B01031908 Pamela Frankau: writer B01101908 Paul Henreid (Paul George Julius von Henreid): actor B01261908 Stephane Grappelli: French jazz violinist B01271908 William Randolph Hearst: U.S. newspaper editor-in-chief B01011909 Dana Andrews: U.S. film actor B01031909 Victor Borge: Danish musician & comedian B01161909 Ethel Merman (Zimmerman): U.S. singer & actress B01221909 Ann Sothern: U.S. film actress B01221909 U-Thant: Secretary-General of the United Nations B01241909 Ann Todd: actress B01291904 Viscount Tonypandy: former Speaker of the House of Commons B01081910 Galina Ulanova: Russian former ballerina B01121910 Luise Rainer: film actress B01201910 Joy Friederike Victoria Adamson: writer B01101911 Sidney Griller, leader of the Griller String Quartet B01221911 Mary Hayley Bell: playwright & wife of Sir John Mills B01301911 Christina Foyle: bookshop proprietor B01081912 José Vicente Ferrer Otero y Cintron (José Ferrer): U.S. actor B01061913 Loretta Young: U.S. film actress B01091913 Richard Nixon: 37th U.S. President B01151913 Lloyd Bridges: U.S. film actor B01041913 Sir Isaac Pitman: publisher & inventor of Pitman’s shorthand B01251913 Witold Lutoslawski: Polish composer & conductor B01041914 Jane Wyman: U.S. film actress B01091914 Gypsy Rose Lee: U.S. actress & strip-tease artist B01261914 Kaye Webb: founder of ‘Puffin’ books B01301914 John Ireland: U.S. film actor B01291915 Victor Mature: U.S. film actor B01031916 Maxene Andrews: one of the trio of ‘The Andrews Sisters’ B01091917 Herbert Lom: actor B01241917 Ernest Borgnine: U.S. film actor B01131918 Lord Willis: playwright B01151918 Gamal Abdel Nasser: Egyptian leader B01011919 J.D. Salinger: U.S. author B01131919 Robert Stack: U.S. film actor B01021920 Professor Isaac Asimov: U.S. biochemist & Sci-Fi author B01201920 Federico Fellini: Italian film director B01021920 Duke of Devonshire B01151921 Frank Thornton: actor & comedian B01191921 Patricia Highsmith: U.S. thriller writer B01201921 Major Dick Hern: racehorse trainer B01251921 Russell Braddon: Australian author B01311921 Carol Channing: U.S. actress & singer B01051921 Grand Duke of Luxembourg B01041922 Rosalie Crutchley: actress B01091922 Clive Dunn: actor & comedian B01111922 Neville Duke: test pilot B01211922 Paul Scofield: actor B01251922 Raymond Baxter: former presenter of ‘Tomorrow’s World’ B01261922 Michael Bentine: humorist & writer B01111923 Kathleen Byron: actress B01311923 Joanne Dru: U.S. film actress B01311923 Norman Mailer: U.S. writer B01011924 Valentina Cortese: Italian film actress B01081924 Ron Moody: actor B01211924 Benny Hill (Alfred Hawthorn Hill): comedian B01211924 Telly Savalas: U.S. film & screen actor B01271924 Brian Rix (Lord Rix of Whitehall): Actor, former secretary-general B01271924Cof Mencap B01291924 Brian Trubshaw: former test pilot B01071925 Gerald Durrell: writer & naturalist. B01101925 Dorothy Malone: U.S. film actress B01191925 Nina Bawden: writer B01261925 Joan Leslie: U.S. film actress B01261925 Paul Newman: U.S. film actor B01101926 Derek Hammond-Stroud: baritone B01131926 Michael Bond: writer & creator of ‘Paddington Bear’ B01151926 Maria Schell: Austrian film actress B01141926 Warren Mitchell: actor B01171926 Moira Shearer: former ballerina B01201926 Patricia Neal: U.S. actress B01151926 Chuck Berry: U.S. singer B01011927 Zena Marshall: actress B01051927 Robin Leigh-Pemberton: governor of the Bank of England B01281927 Ronnie Scott: jazz musician B01231928 Jeanne Moreau: French actress B01031928 Michael Barratt: former TV presenter B01171928 Vidal Sassoon: hair stylist B01241928 Dr. Desmond Morris: zoologist B01261928 Eartha Kitt: U.S. singer B01291928 Peter Byrne: actor & director B01151929 Martin Luther King: black civil rights leader B01111929 Rod Taylor: Australian film actor B01141929 Peter Barkworth: actor B01191929 Joan Regan: singer B01271929 Michael Craig: actor & playwright B01311929 Jean Simmons: actress B01091929 Brian Friel: writer B01041930 Barbara Rush: U.S. film actress B01041930 Iain Cuthbertson: actor B01201930 Dr. Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin: U.S. astronaut B01281930 Acker Bilk: jazz clarinettist B01291930 John Junkin: actor & scriptwriter B01051931 Robert Duvall: U.S. film actor B01051931 Alfred Brendel: Austrian concert pianist B01221931 Claire Rayner: journalist & broadcaster B01291931 Leslie Bricusse: composer B01311931 Christopher Chataway: former athlete & goverment minister B01061932 Sacha Distel: French singer B01121932 Des O’Connor: comedian & singer B01191932 Richard Lester: film director B01221932 Piper Laurie: U.S. film actress B01301932 Gene Hackman: U.S. film actor B01011933 Joe Orton: playwright B01101933 Anton Rodgers: actor B01121933 Michael Aspel: TV presenter & writer B01151933 Frank Bough: TV presenter B01181933 Dr. David Bellamy: botanist B01181933 John Boorman: film director B01031933 Anya Linden: former ballerina B01061934 Sylvia Syms: actress B01111934 Ann Firbank: actress B01141934 Richard Briers: actor B01111934 Jean Chrétien: prime minister of Canada B01041935 Floyd Patterson: U.S. boxing champion B01081935 Elvis Presley: U.S. rock singer B01021936 Roger Miller: U.S. singer & composer B01031936 David Vine: BBC sports commentator B01201936 Tom Baker: actor B01211936 Nyree Dawn Porter: actress B01281936 Alan Alda: U.S. film & TV actor B01041937 Grace Bumbry: U.S. opera & concert singer B01071937 Ian La Frenais: screenwriter & producer B01071937 Hunter Davies: writer & broadcaster B01081937 Shirley Bassey: Welsh popular singer B01151937 Margaret O’Brien: U.S. film actress B01241937 Bamber Gascoigne: host of University Challenge, now writer B01301937 Vanessa Redgrave: actress B01021938 David Bailey: photographer & film director B01051938 Juan Carlos: King of Spain B01111938 Arthur Scargill: president of the National Union of Mineworkers B01141938 Jack Jones: U.S. singer B01301938 Boris Spassky: chess champion B01111938 Sir Alastair Morton: Co-chairman of Eurotunnel B01041939 Dyan Cannon: U.S. actress, 1939 B01251939 Angela Thorne: actress B01291939 Germaine Greer: feminist & writer B01191940 Patsy Rowlands: actress B01211940 Jack Nicklaus: U.S. golfer B01221940 John Hurt: actor B01141940 Trevor Nunn: theatre director B01091941 Joan Baez: singer B01121941 Anne Howells: opera & concert singer B01141941 Faye Dunaway: U.S. actress B01161941 Christine Truman: tennis player B01211941 Placido Domingo: Spanish opera singer B01051941 Mansur Ali Khan: former Indian cricketer B01091941 Terry Hands: theatre director B01091941 Susannah York: actress & writer B01031942 John Thaw: actor B01081942 Professor Stephen Hawking: astronomer & mathematician B01171942 Gillian Weir: concert organist B01171942 Muhammad Ali: U.S. former boxing champion B01191942 Michael Crawford: actor & singer B01051942 Maurizio Pollini: Italian concert pianist B01181943 Paul Freeman: actor B01291943 Katharine Ross: U.S. film actress B01061944 Terry Venables: football manager B01101944 Freddie Starr: comedian B01111944 David Cecil: racehorse breeder B01111944 Henry Cecil: racehorse trainer B01121944 Joe Frazier: heavyweight boxer B01281944 John Tavener: composer B01031944 David Atherton: conductor B01151944 Margaret Beckett: Labour M.P. B01061945 Barry John: former Welsh rugby international B01101945 Rod Stewart: rock singer B01151945 Princess Michael of Kent B01211945 Martin Shaw: actor B01261945 Marti Caine: singer & comedian B01291945 Tom Selleck: U.S. film & TV actor B01051946 Diane Keaton: U.S. film actress B01191946 Dolly Parton: U.S. country music singer B01081947 David Bowie: rock singer & actor B01111947 Anna Calder-Marshall: actress B01111947 Bryan Robson: former England football captain B01141947 Bill Werberniuk: Canadian snooker player B01031948 Fran Cotton: former rugby international B01121948 Anthony Andrews: actor B01121948 Brendan Foster: former Olympic athlete B01161948 Cliff Thorburn: Canadian snooker player B01221948 George Foreman: heavyweight boxing champion B01041949 Margaret Marshall: concert singer B01011949 Lawrence Rowe: former West Indies cricketer B01201950 Liza Goddard: actress B01301950 Victoria Principal: U.S. actress & writer B01091951 Graham Fletcher: showjumper B01111952 Ben Crenshaw: U.S. golfer B01111953 John Sessions: actor & comedian B01061955 Rowan Atkinson: actor & comedian B01191955 Sir Simon Rattle: conductor B01031956 Mel Gibson: actor B01061956 Angus Deayton: Broadcaster & writer B01061957 Nancy Lopez-Melton: U.S. golfer B01231957 HSH Princess Caroline of Monaco B01091957 Ken Brown: golfer B01061959 Kapil Dev: Indian cricketer B01221959 Linda Blair: U.S. film actress B01071959 Ross Norman: former World Squash champion B01061960 Paul Azinger: U.S. golfer B01241961 Nastassya Kinski: actress B01031962 Gavin Hastings: former Scotland rugby union captain B01111962 Brian Moore: former England rugby union player B01131962 Ronan Rafferty: golfer B01151964 Wayne Mills: The first recipient of the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross B01181965 Richard Dunwoody: jockey B01091965 Joely Richardson: actress B01191966 Stefan Edberg: tennis player B01131969 Stephen Hendry: Scottish snooker player B01031969 Michael Schumacher: German racing driver *mmddyyyy Events *-------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- S0125 Burns Night S0126 Australia Day S01060871 King Alfred defeated the Danes at the Battle of Ashdown S01061066 Harold was crowned King of England S01241236 Henry III, King of England, married Eleanor of Provence S01201265 The first English parliament met in Westminster Hall S01251327 Edward III acceded to the English throne S01191348 King Edward III established the Order of the Garter S01171377 The Papal See was removed from Avignon to Rome S01181486 Henry VII of Lancaster & Elizabeth of York were married S01041493 Columbus sailed from America back to Spain in the Niña S01261500 Brazil was discovered by Vicente Yáñes Pinzón S01281521 The Diet of Worms began S01251533 Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn S01151535 The Act of Supremacy was passed in England S01061540 King Henry VIII was married to Anne of Cleves S01161547 Ivan the terrible, first Russian Tsar was crowned S01281547 Edward VI acceded to the throne of England S01161556 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, abdicated S01071558 Calais, held by the British, was recaptured by France S01231571 The Royal Exchange, London, was opened by Queen Elizabeth I S01071610 Galileo discovered the four satellites of Jupiter S01241616 Cape Horn was rounded by Willem Corneliszoon Schouten S01201649 The trial of King Charles I began S01301649 The Commonwealth of England was established S01081679 The French explorer La Salle reached Niagara Falls S01121701 Protestants in Switzerland introduced the Gregorian calendar S01231719 The Principality of Liechtenstein was constituted S01221720 The South Sea Bubble speculation fever started S01291728 ‘The Beggar’s Opera’ by John Gay first performed in London S01151759 The British Museum opened in London S01221771 The Falkland Islands were ceded to Britain by Spain S01171773 Captain Cook’s ship, ‘Resolution’ was the first to cross the S01171773CAntarctic Circle S01031777 Washington defeated the British army at the Battle of Princeton S01181778 Captain Cook discovered the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii) S01161780 The Spanish were defeated at Cape St. Vincent by Admiral Rodney S01071785 Jean-Pierre Blanchard with Dr John Jeffries, crossed the English S01071785CChannel by balloon from England to France S01011785 The first issue of Daily Universal Registrar (later ‘The Times’) S01021788 Georgia became the fourth of the United States S01011788 Daily Universal Register newspaper became The Times S01261788 Sydney, Australia, was founded by Governor Arthur Phillip S01281788 The penal colony at Botany Bay, New South Wales, was founded S01231790 Fletcher Christian & the Bounty mutineers landed on S01231790CPitcairn Island S01261790 Mozart’s opera ‘The Magic Flute’ first performed in Vienna S01091799 Income tax was introduced by Pitt the younger S01111799 Matthew Flinders & George Bass returned to Port Jackson having S01111799Cproved that Tasmania was an island S01201805 London Docks were first opened S01081806 Britain occupied the Cape of Good Hope S01161809 The Battle of Corunna S01081815 U.S.s defeat the British at the Battle of New Orleans S01091816 Sir Humphrey Davy’s safety lamp was first used in a coal mine S01251817 Rossini’s opera ‘La Cenerentola’ first performed in Rome S01291820 George IV acceded to the British throne S01271822 The independence of Greece was proclaimed S01301826 The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by Telford, was opened S01011833 Britain proclaimed sovereignty over the Falkland Islands S01261837 Michigan became the 26th of the United States S01061838 Samuel Morse gave the first public demonstration of his S01061838Celectric telegraph S01101838 The Royal Exchange, designed by Sir Christopher Wren burned down S01021839 Louis Daguerre took the first photograph of the moon S01251839 William Henry Fox Talbot published a description of his invention, S01251839Cthe photographic negative S01101840 The Penny Post began in Britain S01191840 The coast of Antarctica was discovered by U.S. sailor S01191840CCaptain Charles Wilkes S01301840 All trade with Britain was forbidden by the Emperor of China S01201841 Hong Kong was ceded to Britain by China S01261841 Hong Kong became a British sovereign territory S01021843 Wagner’s opera ‘The Flying Dutchman’ first produced S01041843 Donizetti’s opera Don Pasquale was first performed, Paris S01211846 The ‘Daily News’, edited by Charles Dickens, was first published S01311846 Sir Robert Peel repealed the Corn Laws S01241848 Gold was first discovered at Sutter’s sawmill in California S01191853 Verdi’s opera ‘Il Trovatore’ was first performed in Rome S01291856 Victoria Cross was founded S01071857 The London General Omnibus Company started operating S01311858 The steamship ‘Great Eastern’ launched S01301858 The first regular concert was performed by the Hallé Orchestra S01291861 Kansas became the 34th of the United States S01101863 First underground railway (Metropolitan Railway) opens in London S01111864 Charing Cross Station, in London was opened S01311864 Offenbach’s operetta ‘La Belle Hélène’ was first performed S01121866 The Royal Aeronautical Society was founded S01181871 The German reich or Empire was proclaimed at Versailles S01181871 Wilhelm of Prussia was proclaimed first German Emperor S01261871 The Rugby Union was founded S01281871 Paris surrendered to the German army S01241874 Mussorgsky’s opera ‘Boris Godunov’ first perfomed in Petrograd S01011877 Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India at Delhi S01091878 Umberto I became King of Italy S01121879 The Zulu War began S01221879 British troops were massacred by the Zulus at Isandhlwana S01271879 A patent for the electric lamp was taken out by Thomas A. Edison S01011881 The first postal orders were issued in Great Britain S01041884 The Fabian Society was founded S01051884 Gilbert & Sullivan’s opera ‘Princess Ida’ was first performed S01051884Cin London S01191884 Massenet’s opera ‘Manon’ was first performed in Paris S01041885 The first appendicitis operation was performed S01261885 Khartoum was captured by the Mahdi S01281885 A British relief force arrived at Khartoum, but General Gordon had S01281885Cdied two days earlier S01081886 The Severn Railway Tunnel was opened S01201886 The Mersey Tunnel was opened by the Prince of Wales S01221887 Gilbert and Sullivan’s opera ‘Ruddigore’ first performed S01171888 ‘The Star’, London evening newspaper first published S01101890 The tomb of Cleopatra was discovered S01241890 The first train passed over the Forth Bridge S01311891 The Palace Theatre in London opened as the Royal Opera House S01201892 The first game of basketball was played at Springfield, Mass. S01171893 Hawaii was proclaimed a republic S01311893 The ‘Westminster Gazette’ was first issued S01011894 The Manchester Ship Canal opened S01041896 Utah became the 45th of the United States S01051896 The first demonstration of X-rays was given by Röntgen S01111898 Major Esterhazy, on trial for forgery in the Dreyfus case was S01111898Cacquitted S01141900 Puccini’s opera ‘Tosca’ first performed in Rome S01151900 The London Hippodrome theatre opened S01231900 The Battle of Spion Kop was fought during the Boer War S01011901 The Commonwealth of Australia was set up S01021901 The first municipal crematorium was opened at Hull S01221901 Edward VII acceded to the throne S01281902 The Carnegie Institute was established in Washington DC, U.S.A. S01221903 The U.S.A. acquired the Panama Canal S01021905 The present building of the Theatre Royal, London was opened S01221905 Bloody Sunday in St. Petersburg S01261905 The Cullinan Diamond was found near Pretoria, South Africa S01141907 An earthquake in Jamaica destroyed the chief town of Kingston S01211907 Taxi-cabs were first officially recognised in Britain S01241908 The first troop of Boy Scouts was formed in Britain S01031911 The Siege of Sidney Street in the East End of London S01261911 Strauss’s opera ‘Der Rosenkavalier’ first performed in Dresden S01061912 New Mexico became the 47th of the United States S01181912 Captain Robert Falcon Scott reached the South Pole S01131915 29,000 people died after a massive earthquake in Italy S01191915 The first raid on England by German Zeppelin airships S01241915 The Battle of the Dogger Bank, German cruiser Blücher was sunk S01061916 The Allies begin to evacuate Gallipoli S01081916 The British troops evacuated from Gallipoli S01241916 The first Conscription Bill was passed by House of Commons S01291916 The first bombing of Paris by Zeppelin airships S01251917 The U.S.A. purchased the Danish West Indies for $25 million S01111918 Representation of the Peoples Bill, giving votes to women S01031919 The price of bread in London was raised to 9d (old pence) S01031919Cfor a 4lb loaf S01051919 German National Socialist Party formed in Munich by Drexler S01051919 The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats & Slovenes (Yuoslavia) established S01131919 A 388-carat diamond was found in a mine in Kimberley, S.A. S01101920 League of Nations inaugurated S01161920 Federal prohibition of alcohol introduced in U.S.A. S01071921 The first woman elected as foreman of a jury S01111921 The first women jurors were sworn in at the Old Bailey S01061923 The first opera (The Magic Flute) was broadcast in Britain S01091923 Edith Thompson & Frederick Bywaters hanged for murder S01101923 Juan de la Cierva demonstrated the first autogiro in Spain S01031924 Howard Carter discovered the sarcophagus in the tomb of Tutankhamun S01221924 Ramsay MacDonald, the first Labour prime minister took office S01231924 The first Labour Government was formed under Ramsay MacDonald S01201925 Britain & China sign the Treaty of Peking S01271926 John Logie Baird’s first demonstration of TV in London S01311928 The ‘Westminster Gazette’ was last issued S01101929 The cartoon character ‘Tintin’ appeared for the first time S01161929 The BBC publication, ‘The Listener’ was first published S01071930 A picture-by-wire service between Britain & Germany established S01281932 Shanghai was occupied by the Japanese S01301933 Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany S01251934 John Dillinger, U.S. bank-robber was captured at Tucson S01211936 Edward VIII was proclaimed king S01091939 Adolf Hitler re-opened the Reichstag S01081940 Butter, bacon & sugar rationed in Britain S01091940 The liner Union Castle hit a mine, 152 people died S01101941 HMS Southamton & HMS Illustrious were crippled by German bombers S01241941 The Central Statistical Office was founded S01191942 Burma was invaded by the Japanese S01281942 The British Eighth Army retreated to El Alamein S01291942 ‘Desert Island Discs’ was first broadcast S01141943 Winston Churchill & Franklin Roosevelt met at Casablanca S01231943 Tripoli was captured by the British S01241943 The Casablanca Conference ended S01251943 The Pentagon building in Washington was completed S01271943 The U.S. made their first bombing raid on Germany S01041944 The British Fifth Army in Italy attacked Monte Cassino S01181944 Leningrad, under seige by the Germans, was relieved S01201944 The R.A.F. dropped 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin S01061945 The Battle of the Bulge ended S01101946 The first assembly of the United Nations was held in London S01141946 The Players’ Theatre, London, opened S01021947 Cupro-nickel coins were first issued in the United Kingdom S01041948 Burma became an independent republic S01261950 India became a republic within the Commonwealth S01011951 The first episode of ‘The Archers’ was broadcast S01141953 Marshal Tito was elected first president of the Yugoslav republic S01211954 The USS Nautilus, world’s first nuclear submarine was launched S01091957 Anthony Eden resigned as prime minister S01031958 The Fereration of the West Indies was formed S01031958 Sir Edmund Hillary reached the South Pole S01201958 Sir Vivian Fuchs arrived at the South Pole S01311958 ‘Explorer 1’, the U.S. satellite was launched S01021959 The first rocket to pass near the moon - the unmanned Russian S01021959CLuna 1 - was launched S01031959 Alaska became the 49th of the United States S01081959 General Charles de Gaulle became President of the Fifth Republic S01201961 John Fitzgerald Kennedy inaugurated as 35th president of the U.S.A. S01091962 The De Havilland Trident aircraft made its maiden flight S01261965 Hindi was made the official language of India S01301965 The state funeral of Sir Winston Churchill took place S01191966 Indira Gandhi became prime minister of India S01071967 The ‘Forsyte Saga’ television serialisation began on BBC1 S01271967 Three U.S. astronauts lost their lives during tests in the S01271967C‘Apollo’ capsule at Cape Kennedy S01231968 The USS ‘Pueblo’ was seized by the North Koreans S01091969 The first trial flight of Concorde took place at Bristol S01121970 The Boeing 747 touched down at Heathrow after first transatlantic S01121970Cflight from New York S01161970 Colonel Gaddafi became the prime minister of Libya S01021971 66 people died after a barrier collapsed at Ibrox Park football S01021971Cground, Glasgow S01311971 ‘Apollo 14’ launched from Cape Kennedy to the Moon S01151971 The Aswan High Dam in Egypt was officially opened S01251971 General Idi Amin deposed Milton Obote, president of Uganda S01091972 The liner Queen Elizabeth destroyed by fire in Hong Kong harbour S01011972 Great Britain, Irish Republic & Denmark joined the E.E.C. S01301972 Pakistan left the British Commonwealth S01111973 The Open University awarded its first degrees S01271973 A cease-fire began in Vietnam S01131974 The world’s largest airport was opened in Dallas, Texas, U.S.A. S01231985 The procedings of the House of Lords first televised S01211976 The inauguaral flight by Concorde to Bahrain S01011977 UK fishing limits were extended to 200 miles around the S01011977CBritish coast S01101972 In Zaire, the Niragong volcano erupted, killing 2000 people S01091982 Swan & Edgar, the Piccadilly department store closed down S01241986 Voyager II flies past Uranus S01281986 The U.S. space shuttle ‘Challenger’ exploded moments after take-off S01281986Ckilling six astronauts & a woman teacher S01281990 The ‘Independent on Sunday’ was first published S01081991 Pan American World Airways filed for bankruptcy in the U.S.A. S01161991 The Gulf War started with the launch of operation Desert Storm *mmddyyyy Deaths D01280814 Charlemagne: King of the Franks D01051066 Saint Edward the Confessor: English King D01211118 Pope Paschal II D01081198 Pope Celestine III D01101276 Pope Gregory X D01021322 Philip V, King of France D01081324 Marco Polo: Explorer D01121519 Maximilian I: Holy Roman Emperor D01071536 Catherine of Arragon: first wife of Henry VIII D01281547 King Henry VIII of England D01051589 Catherine de’Medici: Queen of France D01281596 Sir Francis Drake D01161599 Edmund Spenser: poet D01311606 Guy Fawkes: Gunpowder Plot conspirator, executed D01201612 Rudolf II: Holy Roman Emperor D01281613 Sir Thomas Bodley: founder of the Bodleian Library D01231622 William Baffin: explorer D01121625 Jan Brueghel the elder: Flemish painter D01081642 Galileo Galilei: Italian astronomer D01101645 William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury was beheaded D01301649 King Charles I executed D01131691 George Fox: founder of the Society of Friends (Quakers) D01081713 Arcangelo Corelli: Italian composer & violinist D01191729 William Congreve: playwright D01301730 Peter II: Tsar of Russia D01141742 Edmond Halley: astronomer D01201745 Charles VII (Charles of Bavaria), Holy Roman Emperor D01011748 Johann Bernoulli: Swiss mathematician D01111753 Sir Hans Sloane: physician & naturalist D01051762 Elizabeth Petrovna: Empress of Russia D01011766 James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender D01231766 William Caslon: typefounder D01081775 John Baskerville: printer & typographer D01101778 Carolus Linnaeus: Swedish botanist D01201779 David Garrick: actor D01011782 Johann Christian Bach: German composer D01311788 Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender D01231789 John Cleland: author of ‘Fanny Hill’ D01211793 King Louis XVI of France executed D01161794 Edward Gibbon: historian D01031795 Josiah Wedgewood: potter D01111801 Domenico Cimarosa: Italian composer D01231806 William Pitt (the younger): statesman D01151815 Emma, Lady Hamilton (Lyon): Lord Nelson’s mistress D01291820 King George III D01261823 Edward Jenner: discoverer of vaccination D01081825 Eli Whitney: U.S. inventor & perfector of the cotton gin D01281829 William Burke, body-snatcher, was hanged D01191833 Louis-Joseph-Ferdinand Hérold: French composer D01061840 Fanny Burney: writer & diarist D01091848 Caroline Lucretia Herschel: astronomer D01271851 John James Audubon: U.S. artist & naturalist D01061852 Louis Braille: invented alphabet for the blind D01121856 John Singer Sargent: U.S. portrait painter D01021861 Friedrich Wilhem IV, King of Prussia D01101862 Samuel Colt: U.S. gunsmith D01181862 John Tyler: 10th president of the U.S.A. D01131864 Stephen Collins Foster: U.S. songwriter D01091873 Ex-Emperor Napoleon III D01231875 Charles Kingsley: poet & writer D01061882 Richard Henry Dana: U.S. writer & lawyer D01241883 Baron Friedrich von Flotow: German composer D01061884 Gregor Mendel: Austrian monk & geneticist D01261885 General Charles George Gordon: killed at Khartoum D01221887 Sir Joseph Whitworth: mechanical engineer D01291888 Edward Lear: landscape painter & writer D01261891 Nikolaus August Otto: German internal combustion engine inventor D01011894 Heinrich Rudolph Hertz: German physicist D01241895 Lord Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill: politician D01121897 Sir Isaac Pitman: printer & publisher D01141898 Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (alias Lewis Carroll) D01201900 John Ruskin: social reformer, art critic & writer D01201900 Richard Doddridge Blackmore: writer D01221901 David Edward Hughes: inventor of the microphone & teleprinter D01231901 Anna Pavlova: Russian ballerina D01221901 Queen Victoria D01271901 Giuseppe Fortunio Francesco Verdi: Italian composer D01251908 Ouida (Marie Louise de la Ramée: French writer D01101917 William Frederick Cody (Buffalo Bill) D01061919 Theodore Roosevelt: 26th president of the U.S.A. D01221922 Pope Benedict XV D01091923 Katherine Mansfield: writer D01211924 Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov: Russian leader D01111928 Thomas Hardy: poet & writer D01051933 Calvin Coolidge: 30th president of the U.S.A. D01311933 John Galsworthy: writer D01181936 Joseph Rudyard Kipling: writer D01201936 King George V D01231936 Dame Clara Ellen Butt: contralto D01291939 William Butler Yeats: Irish poet & playwright D01051941 Amy Johnson: aviator D01081941 Lord Baden-Powell: founder of the Boy Scouts D01131941 James Joyce: Irish writer/playwright D01101941 Frank Bridge: composer D01291941 Ioannis Metaxas: Greek statesman & general D01161942 Carole Lombard: U.S. actress was killed in air crash D01071943 Nikola Tesla: Croatian/U.S. inventor D01011944 Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens: architect D01031946 William Joyce (‘Lord Haw-Haw’): British wartime traitor executed D01251947 Al (Alphonse) Capone: U.S. gangster D01261947 Grace Moore: U.S. singer & actress, killed in KLM plane crash: D01301948 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: Indian leader, was assassinated D01081948 Richard Tauber: Austrian tenor D01211948 Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari: Italian composer D01301948 Orville Wright: U.S. aviation pioneer D01061949 Victor Fleming: U.S. film director D01211950 George Orwell (Eric Arthur Blair): writer D01311951 Sir Charles Blake Cochran: theatrical producer D01111954 Oscar Strauss: Austrian composer D01181954 Sydney Greenstreet: U.S. film actor D01231956 Sir Alexander Korda: film producer D01311956 Alan Alexander Milne: writer D01141957 Humphrey DeForest Bogart: U.S. film actor D01161957 Arturo Toscanini: conductor D01041958 Ralph Vaughan Williams: composer D01211959 Cecil Blount De Mille: U.S. film director D01041960 Albert Camus: French writer & playwright, killed D01121960 Nevil Shute Norway: writer D01251960 Rutland Boughton: composer D01101961 Samuel Dashiell Hammett: U.S. writer D01291961 Angela Margaret Thirkell: writer D01291962 Fritz Kreisler: U.S. violinist D01031963 Dick Powell: U.S. film actor & singer D01181963 Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell: statesman D01301963 Francis-Jean-Marcel Poulenc: French composer D01151964 Jack Teagarden: U.S. jazz musician & bandleader D01291964 Alan Ladd: U.S. film actor D01041965 Thomas Stearns Eliot: poet & playwright D01241965 Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill: statesman D01041967 Donald Campbell: land & water speedster, killed in accident D01111969 Richmal Crompton: creator of the ‘William’ books D01101971 Gabrielle (Coco) Chanel D01011972 Maurice Chevalier: French entertainer & actor D01101972 Nubar Sarkis Gulbenkian: multi-millionaire D01271972 Mahalia Jackson: U.S. gospel singer D01221973 Lyndon Baines Johnson: U.S. former president D01231973 Edward ‘Kid’ Ory: U.S. jazz musician D01261973 Edward G. Robinson: U.S. film actor D01281974 Herbert Ernest Bates: writer D01311974 Samuel Goldwyn: U.S. film producer D01211975 Marie Lohr: actress D01121976 Dame Agatha Christie: thriller writer D01231976 Paul Bustill Robeson: black U.S. actor & singer D01141977 Sir Robert Anthony Eden (first Earl of Avon) D01141977 Peter Finch (William Mitchell): actor D01131978 Hubert Humphrey: Vice-president of the U.S.A. D01221978 Herbert Sutcliffe: cricketer D01031979 Conrad Nicholson Hilton: U.S. hotel magnate D01251979 Robertson Hare: actor D01261979 Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller: U.S. statesman D01041980 Joy Adamson: naturalist & writer D01181980 Sir Cecil Beaton: designer & photographer D01291980 Jimmy Durante: U.S. comedian D01011981 Hephzibah Menuhin: pianist D01021981 Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone D01061981 Archibald Joseph Cronin: writer D01071981 Alvar Lidell: broadcaster D01201981 Derick Heathcoat Amory: statesman D01231981 Samuel Barber: U.S. composer D01301982 Stanley Holloway: actor & vocalist D01021983 Dick Emery: comedian D01241983 George Cukor: U.S. film director D01311983 Winifred Atwell: pianist D01101984 Binnie Hale: musical comedy actress D01201984 Johnny Weissmuller: U.S. actor & swimmer D01041985 Lieutenant-General Sir Brian Gwynne Horrocks: military D01041985Cstrategist & historian D01091985 Sir Robert Mayer: musical philanthropist D01101985 Anton Karas: Austrian composer & zither player D01221985 Sir Arthur Bryant: historian D01231985 Sir Emile Littler: theatrical impresario D01011986 Lord David Cecil: author D01041986 Christopher William Isherwood: writer & playwright D01071988 Trevor Wallace Howard: actor D01081988 Georgi Malenkov: former Soviet leader D01211989 Leslie Halliwell: film authority, aged 59 D01251990 Ava Lavinia Gardner: U.S. film actress D01231992 Freddie Bartholomew: U.S. former child actor D01261992 José Ferrer: U.S. actor D01271992 Dame Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies: actress D01061993 Dizzy Gillespie: U.S. jazz trumpeter D01061993 Rudolf Hametovich Nureyev: ballet dancer D01151993 Sammy Cahn: U.S. lyricist D01161993 Florence Desmond: actress D01201993 Audrey Hepburn: film actress D01051994 Brian Johnston CBE MC: BBC cricket commentator D01081996 Francois Mitterand: former president of France