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-
- FracPaint is a powerful and flexible multi-tasking application to generate
- fractal images. With FracPaint, more than thousand fractal formulas can be
- used, together with a large number of parameters, to create an unlimited
- number of images. Furthermore, colour maps can be used, to change the
- appearance of an image.
-
- Below, some basic principles of fractals and FracPaint will be explained.
-
-
-
- Fractals
- --------
- FracPaint plots images of 'objects' (actually, sets of mathematical points)
- that have fractal dimension. These objects are generated by relatively
- simple calculations repeated over and over, feeding the results of each
- step back into the next. FracPaint contains a lot of different formulas,
- such as Mandelbrot and Lambda.
-
- The objects with fractal dimension (known as fractals) are infinitely
- complex; they reveal more and more detail without limit as you plot smaller
- and smaller areas. FracPaint lets you 'zoom in' by dragging a rectangular
- area at the image.
-
- All image points which make the fractal object are known as 'inside'. All
- other points are the 'outside'. The border between inside and outside gives
- the most interesting images. FracPaint contains a number of methods to plot
- inside and outside points.
-
- Fractal images can be astonishingly beautiful, especially using screen
- modes with lots of colours (256 colours in mode 15 or 28, or even more
- colours with the new 15bpp or 24bpp RiscPC modes or a graphics enhancer
- card). In addition, the image can be 'animated' by quickly shifting the
- colour assignments (colour cycling). All colours within FracPaint are 24
- bits.
-
-
-
- Start up FracPaint
- ------------------
- Double-click on the !FracPaint icon. FracPaint will install itself on the
- icon bar. Click on the iconbar icon of FracPaint to create a new image
- window. Sixteen of these image windows can be opened at the same time.
-
- Click Menu on the iconbar icon to pop-up the main menu. Besides the usual
- info and quit options, a dialogue box with speed information and a dialog
- box with preferences can be opened.
-
-
-
- Using FracPaint
- ---------------
- All options of FracPaint can be changed through persistent dialogue boxes
- (they will stay on the screen after a change). In this way, the effect of
- an option can be determined very easily.
-
- In all dialogue boxes the familiar RiscOS interface is used, like buttons
- and writable fields. In addition FracPaint uses tab sheets. This is a new
- component to make dialogue boxes more usable. For example, the Fractal and
- Options dialogue boxes use these tab sheets. A tab sheet is a part of the
- dialogue box with a corresponding label and name. A tab sheet can be
- activated by clicking on the tab sheet label.
-
-
-
- Zoom in
- -------
- Create a new image window by clicking on the FracPaint iconbar icon. Now
- press the Select button at a corner of the zoom-box and move the mouse to
- the opposite corner of the zoom-box. The zoom-box will be inverted on the
- image. Release the mouse button, to start the calculation of the area
- given by the zoom-box at full image size. Pressing Shift while dragging
- the zoom-box will move the current zoom-box.
-
-
-
- Mandel/Julia variant
- --------------------
- Most fractal formulas have two variants, the Mandel and Julia variants. The
- Mandel variant uses a point of the image as c value in the formula with z0
- as perturbation, and the Julia variant will use these variables the other
- way round. So the Mandel and Julia variant use the same formula, but with
- other start values. FracPaint will call these two formulas sisters.
-
- To switch between the Mandel and Julia variant in FracPaint, click with
- Adjust at an image window. The position will be used as perturbation values
- if switched to the Julia variant. With Shift-adjust or with the menu option
- Edit==>Sister, a new window will be created with the sister formula.
-
-
-
- Fractal formulas
- ----------------
- FracPaint contains a system of combined fractal formulas. This means that
- the actual formula used to generate the image is constructed from a number
- of different parts.
-
- To change the current formula, open the fractal dialogue box with the menu
- option Settings==>Fractal and select the Formula tab sheet. This tab sheet
- contains the names of the current formula parts, together with a
- description of the formula. Use the pop-up menu buttons beside the part
- names to change the fractal formula.
-
- In the description of the formula, the variable z is the calculated
- variable. The variable pixel contains the values of the current point of
- the image. The variables perturbation, fudge and bailout can be changed
- using the Parameters tab sheet.
-
-
-
- Load and save files
- -------------------
- FracPaint has it's own file type FracPars (&045) to load and store fractal
- images. A FracPars file contains all parameters necessary to create the
- fractal image (including it's colour map).
-
- To save the image as a FracPars file, choose the menu option File=>Save. An
- image can also be saved as a sprite file (sub-menu File=>Export). The
- sprite file can be a mode 28 sprite with a 256 colour palette, or one of
- the new Acorn 15 or 24-bits sprite formats.
-
- To load a FracPars file, drag the file to the FracPaint iconbar icon. The
- image will be generated in a new image window.
-
-
-
- Undo/Redo
- ---------
- Every zoom, parameter change and option change will be stored in an undo
- buffer. Use the menu option Edit==>Undo, to go back one step (a maximum of
- 30 steps can be stored in the buffer). Use the menu option Edit==>Redo to
- go forward one step.
-
-
-
- Colour maps
- -----------
- A colour map is a file which defines 256 colours in a 24 bits format.
- FracPaint uses colour maps to display the colours of a fractal image. For
- example, a black-and-white colour map can be used for monochrome pictures
- or a blue colour map can be used for a special effect.
-
- To change the current colour map of an image, open the colour map dialogue
- box with the menu option Settings==>Colour map.
-
- The list of colour maps (in the pop-up menu of the colour map dialogue box)
- will be build from the colour maps found in the path ColourMap$Path. Drag a
- directory with colour maps to the colour map dialogue box, to add these
- colour maps to the path and to the colour map list (with Shift-drag the
- directory can be removed from the path). Another method to change the
- colour map of an image is to drag a colour map file to an image window.
-
- In the colour map dialogue box the offset of the inside and the outside can
- also be changed. The offset is the colour of the colour map that will be
- treated as colour 0.
-
- Registered versions of FracPaint have also an Edit button, to see or change
- the given colour map. The current colour map will be transported to a
- colour map editor, from which it can be edited. Then, the colour map can be
- saved to the image window again, to change the used colour map.
-
-
-
- Colour cycling
- --------------
- With colour cycling, the image can be 'animated', by shifting all colours
- of the colour map. Both the direction and speed of the colour cycling can
- be set.
-
- The colour cycle control window can be opened with the menu option
- Utilities==>Colour cycle. This window has buttons to control the direction
- and other colour cycle options. The step field controls the colour cycle
- step size. Set this value to 2 with striped colour maps. Use the create
- option, to create new colours (with the given number of shades) while
- colour cycling. This will given very good results in 24bpp modes (and with
- a large number of shades, say 16).
-
- A processor with cache (ARM3 or later) and fast memory will give better
- results with colour cycling.
-